Merge pull request #1583 from daschw/release

prepare release
2018-07-01 10:11:07 +02:00 · 2018-07-01 10:06:49 +02:00 · 2018-07-01 09:52:29 +02:00 · 2018-07-01 09:33:19 +02:00 · 2018-07-01 09:27:11 +02:00 · 2018-07-01 08:44:40 +02:00
116 changed files with 19363 additions and 7933 deletions
@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@
 .DS_Store
 examples/.ipynb_checkpoints/*
 examples/meetup/.ipynb_checkpoints/*
+deps/plotly-latest.min.js
@@ -2,22 +2,58 @@
 language: julia
 os:
  - linux
-  - osx
+  # - osx
 julia:
-  - 0.4
-  #- nightly
+  - 0.6
+matrix:
+  allow_failures:
+    - julia: nightly
+
+# # before install:
+# #   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then brew update          ; fi
+# #   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then brew install wkhtmltopdf; fi
+
+# ref: http://askubuntu.com/a/556672 for the wkhtmltopdf apt repository info
+
+sudo: required
+before_install:
+  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then pwd ; fi
+  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then ./test/install_wkhtmltoimage.sh ; fi
+#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:pov/wkhtmltopdf  ; fi
+#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  sudo apt-get -qq update                      ; fi
+#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  sudo apt-get install -y wkhtmltopdf          ; fi
+#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  wkhtmltopdf -V                               ; fi
+#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  wkhtmltoimage -V                             ; fi
+#   echo 'exec xvfb-run -a -s "-screen 0 640x480x16" wkhtmltopdf "$@"' | sudo tee /usr/local/bin/wkhtmltopdf.sh >/dev/null
+# sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/wkhtmltopdf.sh
+
+# # borrowed from Blink.jl's travis file
+# matrix:
+#   include:
+#     - os: linux
+#       julia: 0.4
+#       env: TESTCMD="xvfb-run julia"
+#     - os: osx
+#       julia: 0.4
+#       env: TESTCMD="julia"
+
+
+
 notifications:
  email: true
 # uncomment the following lines to override the default test script
 script:
 - if [[ -a .git/shallow ]]; then git fetch --unshallow; fi
 - julia -e 'Pkg.clone(pwd()); Pkg.build("Plots")'
- # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/tbreloff/Images.jl.git"); Pkg.checkout("Images","tom_imgcompare");'
- # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("Images"); Pkg.build("Images")'
+ - julia test/travis_commands.jl
 # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("ImageMagick"); Pkg.build("ImageMagick")'
- - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/tbreloff/VisualRegressionTests.jl.git");'
- - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/tbreloff/ExamplePlots.jl.git");'
- - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("Cairo"); Pkg.build("Cairo")'
- - julia -e 'ENV["PYTHON"] = ""; Pkg.clone("PyPlot"); Pkg.build("PyPlot")'
- - julia -e 'Pkg.test("Plots"; coverage=false)'
- # - julia -e 'cd(Pkg.dir("Plots")); Pkg.add("Coverage"); using Coverage; Coveralls.submit(process_folder()); Codecov.submit(process_folder())'
+ # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("GR"); Pkg.build("GR")'
+ # # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/tbreloff/ImageMagick.jl.git"); Pkg.checkout("ImageMagick","tb_write"); Pkg.build("ImageMagick")'
+ # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/tbreloff/ExamplePlots.jl.git");'
+ # # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/JunoLab/Blink.jl.git"); Pkg.build("Blink"); import Blink; Blink.AtomShell.install()'
+ # # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/spencerlyon2/PlotlyJS.jl.git")'
+ # - julia -e 'ENV["PYTHON"] = ""; Pkg.add("PyPlot"); Pkg.build("PyPlot")'
+ #
+ # # - $TESTCMD -e 'Pkg.test("Plots"; coverage=false)'
+ # - julia -e 'Pkg.test("Plots"; coverage=false)'
+ # # - julia -e 'cd(Pkg.dir("Plots")); Pkg.add("Coverage"); using Coverage; Coveralls.submit(process_folder()); Codecov.submit(process_folder())'
@@ -0,0 +1,650 @@
+
+# Plots.jl NEWS
+
+#### notes on release changes, ongoing development, and future planned work
+
+- Minor version 0.17 is the last one to support Julia 0.6!!
+- Minor version 0.11 is the last one to support Julia 0.5!!
+	- Critical bugfixes only
+    - `backports` branch is for Julia 0.5
+
+---
+## (current master)
+- All new development should target Julia 0.7!
+
+## 0.17.3
+- Log-scale heatmap edge computation
+- Fix size and dpi for GR and PyPlot
+- Fix fillrange with line segments on PyPlot and Plotly
+- fix flip for heatmap and image on GR
+- New attributes for PGFPlots
+- Widen axes for most series types and log scales
+- Plotly: fix log scale with no ticks
+- Fix axis flip on Plotly
+- Fix hover and zcolor interaction in Plotly
+- WebIO integration for PlotlyJS backend
+
+## 0.17.2
+- fix single subplot in plotly
+- implement `(xyz)lims = :round`
+- PyPlot: fix bg_legend = invisible()
+- set fallback tick specification for axes with discrete values
+- restructure of show methods
+
+## 0.17.1
+- Fix contour for PGFPlots
+- 32Bit fix: Int64 -> Int
+- Make series of shapes and segments toggle together in Plotly(JS)
+- Fix marker arguments
+- Fix processing order of series recipes
+- Fix Plotly(JS) ribbon
+- Contour plots with x,y in grid form on PyPlot
+
+## 0.17.0
+- Add GR dependency to make it the default backend
+- Improve histogram2d bin estimation
+- Allow vector arguments for certain series attributes and support line_z and fill_z on GR, PyPlot, Plotly(JS) and PGFPlots
+- Automatic scientific notation for tick labels
+- Allow to set the theme in PLOTS_DEFAULTS
+- Implement plots_heatmap seriestype providing a Plots recipe for heatmaps
+
+## 0.16.0
+- fix 3D plotting in PyPlot
+- Infinite objects
+
+## 0.15.1
+
+- fix scientific notation for labels in GR
+- fix labels with logscale
+- fix image cropping with GR
+- fix grouping of annotations
+- fix annotations in Plotly
+- allow saving notebook with plots as pdf from IJulia
+- fix fillrange and ribbon for step recipes
+- implement native ticks that respond to zoom
+- fix bar plot with one bar
+- contour labels and colorbar fixes
+- interactive linked axis for PyPlot
+- add `NamedTuple` syntax to group with named legend
+- use bar recipe in Plotly
+- implement categorical ticks
+
+## 0.15.0
+
+- improve resolution of png output of GR with savefig()
+- add check for ticks=nothing
+- allow transparency in heatmaps
+- fix line_z for GR
+- fix legendcolor for pyplot
+- fix pyplot ignoring alpha values of images
+- don't let `abline!` change subplot limits
+- update showtheme recipe
+
+## 0.14.2
+
+- fix plotly bar lines bug
+- allow passing multiple series to `ribbon`
+- add a new example for `line_z`
+
+## 0.14.1
+
+- Add linestyle argument to the legend
+- Plotly: bar_width and stroke_width support for bar plots
+- abline! does not change axis limits
+- Fix default log scale ticks in GR backend
+- Use the :fontsize keys so the scalefontsizes command works
+- Prepare support for new PlotTheme type in PlotThemes
+
+## 0.14.0
+
+- remove use of imagemagick; saving gifs now requires ffmpeg
+- improvements to ffmpeg gif quality and speed
+- overhaul of fonts, allows setting fonts in recipes and with magic arguments
+- added `camera` attribute to control camera position for 3d plots
+- added `showaxis` attribute to control which axes to display
+- improvements of polar plots axes, and better backend consistency
+- changed the 'spy' recipe back to using heatmap
+- added `scatterpath` seriestype
+- allow plotlyjs to save svg
+- add `reset_defaults()` function to reset plot defaults
+- update syntax to 0.6
+- make `fill = true` fill to 0 rather than to 1
+- use new `@df` syntax in StatPlots examples
+- allow changing the color of legend box
+- implement `title_location` for gr
+- add `hline` marker to pgfplots - fixes errorbars
+- pyplot legends now show marker types
+- pyplot colorbars take font style from y axis
+- pyplot tickmarks color the same as axis color
+- allow setting linewidth for contour in gr
+- allow legend to be outside plot area for pgfplots
+- expand axis extrema for heatmap
+- extendg grid lines to axis limits
+- fix `line_z` for pyplot and gr
+- fixed colorbar problem for flipped axes with gr
+- fix marker_z for 3d plots in gr
+- fix `weights` functionality for histograms
+- fix gr annotations with colorbar
+- fix aspect ratio in gr
+- fix "hidden window" problem after savefig in gr
+- fix pgfplots logscale ticks error
+- fix pgfplots legends symbols
+- fix axis linking for plotlyjs
+- fix plotting of grayscale images
+
+## 0.13.1
+
+- fix a bug when passing a vector of functions with no bounds (e.g. `plot([sin, cos])`)
+- export `pct` and `px` from Plots.PlotMeasures
+
+## 0.13.0
+
+- support `plotattributes` rather than `d` in recipes
+- no longer export `w`, `h` and names from Measures.jl; use `using Plots.PlotMeasures` to get these names back
+- `bar_width` now depends on the minimum distance between bars, not the mean
+- better automatic x axis limits for plotting Functions
+- `tick_direction` attribute now allows ticks to be on the inside of the plot border
+- removed a bug where `p1 = plot(randn(10)); plot(p1, p2)` made `display(p1)` impossible
+- allow `plot([])` to generate an empty plot
+- add `origin` framestyle
+- ensure finite bin number on histograms with only one unique value
+- better automatic histogram bins for 2d histograms
+- more informative error message on passing unsupported seriestype in a recipe
+- allow grouping in user recipes
+- GR now has `line_z` and `fill_z` attributes for determining the color of shapes and lines
+- change GR default view angle for 3D plots to match that of PyPlot
+- fix `clims` on GR
+- fix `marker_z` for plotly backend
+- implement `framestyle` for plotly
+- fix logscale bug error for values < 1e-16 on pyplot
+- fix an issue on pyplot where >1 colorbar would be shown if there was >1 series
+- fix `writemime` for eps
+
+## 0.12.4
+
+- added a new `framestyle` argument with choices: :box, :semi, :axes, :grid and :none
+- changed the default bar width to 0.8
+- added working ribbon to plotly backend
+- ensure that automatic ticks always generate 4 to 8 ticks
+- group now groups keyword arguments of the same length as the input
+- allow passing DateTime objects as ticks
+- allow specifying the number of ticks as an integre
+- fix bug on errorbars in gr
+- fixed some but not all world age issues
+- better margin with room for text
+- added a `match` option for linecolor
+- better error message un unsupported series types
+- add a 'stride' keyword for the pyplot backend
+
+## 0.12.3
+
+- new grid line style defaults
+- `grid` is now an axis attribute and a magic argument: it is now possible to modify the grid line style, alpha and line width
+- Enforce plot order in user recipes
+- import `plot!` from RecipesBase
+- GR no longer automatically handles _ and ^ in texts
+- fix GR colorbar for scatter plots
+
+#### 0.12.2
+
+- fix an issue with Juno/PlotlyJS compatibility on new installations
+- fix markers not showing up in seriesrecipes using :scatter
+- don't use pywrap in the pyplot backend
+- improve the bottom margin for the gr backend
+
+#### 0.12.1
+
+- fix deprecation warnings
+- switch from FixedSizeArrays to StaticArrays.FixedSizeArrays
+- drop FactCheck in tests
+- remove julia 0.5 compliant uses of transpose operator
+- fix GR heatmap bugs
+- fix GR guide padding
+- improve legend markers in GR
+- add surface alpha for Plotly(JS)
+- add fillrange to Plotly(JS)
+- allow usage of Matplotlib 1.5 with PyPlot
+- fix GLVisualize for julia 0.6
+- conform to changes in InspectDR
+
+#### 0.12.0
+
+- 0.6 only
+
+#### 0.11.3
+
+- add HDF5 backend
+- GR replaces PyPlot as first-choice backend
+- support for legend position in GR
+- smaller markers in GR
+- better viewport size in GR
+- fix glvisualize support
+- remove bug with three-argument method of `text`
+- `legendtitle` attribute added
+- add test for `spy`
+
+#### 0.11.0
+
+- julia 0.6 compatibility
+- matplotlib 2.0 compatibility
+- add inspectdr backend
+- improved histogram functionality:
+- added a `:stephist` and `:scatterhist` series type as well as ``:barhist` (the default)
+- support for log scale axes with histograms
+- support for plotting `StatsBase.Histogram`
+- allowing bins to be specified as `:sturges`, `:rice`, `:scott` or :fd
+- allow `normalization` to be specified as :density (for unequal bins) or :pdf (sum to 1)
+- add a `plotattr` function to access documentation for Plots attribute
+- add `fill_z` attribute for pyplot
+- add colorbar_title to plotlyjs
+- enable standalone window for plotlyjs
+- improved support for pgfplots, ticks rotation, clims, series_annotations
+- restore colorbars for GR
+- better axis labels for heatmap in GR
+- better marker sizes in GR
+- fix color representation in GR
+- update GR legend
+- fix image bug on GR
+- fix glvisualize dependencies
+- set dotted grid lines for pyplot
+- several improvements to inspectdr
+- improved tick positions for TimeType x axes
+- support for improved color gradient capability in PlotUtils
+- add a showlibrary recipe to display color libraries
+- add a showgradient recipe to display color gradients
+- add `vectorfield` as an alias for `quiver`
+- use `PlotUtils.adaptedgrid` for functions
+
+
+#### 0.9.5
+
+- added dependency on PlotThemes
+- set_theme --> theme
+- remove Compat from REQUIRE
+- warning for DataFrames without StatPlots
+- closeall exported and implemented for gr/pyplot
+- fix DateTime recipe
+- reset theme with theme(:none)
+- fix link_axes! for nested subplots
+- fix plotly lims for log scale
+
+#### 0.9.4
+
+- optimizations surrounding Subplot.series_list
+- better Atom support, support plotlyjs
+- gr:
+    - gks_wstype defaults and gr_set_output
+    - heatmap uses GR.drawimage
+- histogram2d puts NaN for zeros
+- improved support of NaN in heatmaps
+- rebuilt spy recipes to output scatters with marker_z set
+- deprecate png support in plotly... point to plotlyjs
+- fixes:
+    - axis widen with lims set
+    - reset_extrema, setxyz
+    - bar plot widen
+    - better tick padding
+    - consistent tick rotation
+    - consistent aspect_ratio
+    - pyplot dpi
+    - plotly horizontal bars
+    - handle series attributes when combining subplots
+    - gr images transposed
+    - converted Date/DateTime to new type recipe approach for arrays
+- issues closed include: #505 #513 #479 #523 #526 #529
+
+#### 0.9.3
+
+- support pdf and eps in plotlyjs backend
+- allow curly after grid: `@layout [a b; grid(4,4){0.8h}]`
+- add_backend redesign
+
+#### 0.9.2
+
+- glvisualize backend (@SimonDanisch)
+    - too much to list! ready for alpha testing
+- Volume and volume seriestype
+- Atom: support for PlotPane and proper gui display
+- gr:
+    - clims
+    - aspect ratio
+- pgfplots:
+    - fixes for ticks, axes, and more
+- pyplot:
+    - font families
+    - colorbar guide
+    - pixel marker
+- unicodeplots
+    - basic support for shapes
+- improved add_backend
+- refactor of is_supported methods
+- element-wise type recipes (see https://github.com/tbreloff/Plots.jl/issues/460#issuecomment-248428908)
+- several other fixes/improvements
+
+#### 0.9.1
+
+- Pkg.dir --> dirname (@tkelman)
+- `axis = nothing` magic
+- fixes:
+    - clim for line_z
+    - sticks default range for log scale
+    - rotate method
+    - pyplot heatmap
+    - spurious scale warnings
+    - gr image/alpha
+    - plotly.js path
+    - orientation extrema
+    - bar, reset orientation
+- switch transpose_z to use permutedims
+- skinny x/+ markers
+- ticks in pgfplots
+- eps in savefig (@anriseth)
+- add_backend convenience
+- type recipes for Date/DateTime (@maximsch2)
+- mirror attribute and twinx convenience
+- Axis.sp --> Axis.sps
+- recipe postprocessing for allowing aliases and magic args in recipe bodies
+
+
+
+#### 0.9.0
+
+- fixes to cycle
+- add back single function recipe: `plot!(cos)`
+- new axis formatter attribute... accepts functions to convert numbers to strings
+- fix for inset plots
+- GR:
+	- fillrange fix
+	- annotations fix
+	- force double buffering in display
+
+---
+
+## 0.8
+
+#### 0.8.2 (backported bug fixes for julia 0.4)
+
+- plotly ticks fix
+- unicodeplots size fix
+- remove mkdir call in tests
+
+#### 0.8.1
+
+- manual drawing of axes/ticks/labels
+- get_ticks uses optimize_ticks and Showoff
+- changed PLOTS_DEFAULTS to be a global variable, not ENV key
+- parameterized Segments for pushing tuples
+- fix to axis extrema for Bool/nothing
+- GR:
+	- manually draw 2D axes... fixes several issues and missing features
+	- fontsize fix
+- PGFPlots: pass axis syle
+
+#### 0.8.0
+
+- added dependency on PlotUtils
+- BREAKING: removed DataFrames support (now in StatPlots.jl)
+- BREAKING: removed boxplot/violin/density recipes (now in StatPlots.jl)
+- GR:
+    - inline iterm2 support
+    - trisurface support
+    - heatmap fix
+- PyPlot:
+    - ijulia display fix
+- GLVisualize:
+    - first try with shapes
+- iter_segments improvements
+- bar_width support
+- horizontal bars
+- improve tick display
+- better shape handling in pyplot, plotly
+- improved padding calcs
+- internal reorg of _plots method, add pipeline.jl
+
+---
+
+## 0.7
+
+#### 0.7.5
+
+- GR: LaTeX support
+- Changed docs url to juliaplots.github.io
+- added `contourf` seriestype
+- allow `plt[1]` to return first Subplot
+- allow `sp[1]` to return the first Series of the Subplot
+- `series[k]` now passes through to `series.d[k]`
+- allow calling `plot!(sp, ...)` to update a target Subplot
+- PyPlot: zorder fix
+- new DataFrames logic/recipe: more flexible/robust and allow Symbols for:
+	- `(:fillrange, :line_z, :marker_z, :markersize, :ribbon, :weights, :xerror, :yerror)`
+- new `display_type` and `extra_kwargs` plot attributes
+- surface fix
+
+#### 0.7.4
+
+- added snooped precompiles, but left commented out
+- GR fixes: markersize, shapes, legends
+- fixes to recipes
+- turned on Appveyor
+
+#### 0.7.3
+
+- rebuild violin and boxplot recipes
+- "plot recipes"
+- `cgrad` method for easy color gradient creation
+- improvements to inset subplots
+- Segments and iter_segments for NaN-separated vectors
+- `bar` recipe now creates a `shape` series
+- writemime fix for Interact.jl
+- `link = :square` option
+- !!! set `shape` attributes with line/fill, NOT marker/markerstroke !!!
+- basic DPI support
+- moved chorddiagram to PlotRecipes
+- GR:
+	- use temp files for img output
+	- basic support for marker strokes and other marker fixes
+- PyPlot:
+	- Switch to recipes for bar, histogram, histogram2d
+- GLVisualize
+	- subplots
+	- path/scatter and path3d/scatter3d
+	- initial drawing of axes
+- many smaller fixes and improvements
+
+#### 0.7.2
+
+- line_z arg for multicolored line segments
+- pyplot
+	- line_z (2d and 3d)
+	- pushed all fig updates into display pipeline
+	- remove native sticks/hline/vline in favor of recipes
+- unicodeplots cleanup, ijulia fixes, ascii canvas
+- `curves` series type
+- `iter_segments` iterator
+- moved arcdiagram out and into PlotRecipes (thanks @diegozea)
+- several other fixes/checks
+
+#### 0.7.1
+
+- inset (floating) subplots
+- change: when setting subplot/axis args from user recipes, they should apply only to their own subplot
+- trim for violin/boxplot
+- scatter3d recipe
+- removed plotly.js in favor of build.jl download
+- improvements/fixes to pgfplots backend
+- improvements/fixes to plotly/plotlyjs backends
+	- titles are annotations and properly placed with title_position
+	- hover attribute
+	- shapes (almost)
+	- scattergl
+- minimum perimeter logic in layout calc... fixed misaligned subplots
+- new clims attribute
+- more options for test_examples
+- GR refactor
+	- added transparency
+	- moved axis/grid logic out of series loop
+	- generalized 3d and polar projections
+- renamed get_mod to Base.cycle
+- pyplot log scale fixes
+- PLOTS_DEFAULTS environment var processing
+- rename :ellipse to :circle, :ellipse is now an alias
+- supported args/types cleanup
+- seriestype dependency methods and `@deps` macro
+- bbox `h_anchor`/`v_anchor`
+- new axis arg: `:link` is a list of subplots to link axes with
+- cleanup/simplification of glvisualize backend
+
+
+#### 0.7.0
+
+- Check out [the summary](http://juliaplots.github.io/plots_v0.7/)
+- Revamped and simplified internals
+- [Recipes, recipes, recipes](https://github.com/JuliaPlots/RecipesBase.jl/issues/6)
+- [Layouts and Subplots](https://github.com/tbreloff/Plots.jl/issues/60)
+- DataFrames is loaded automatically when installed
+- Overhaul to GroupBy mechanic (now offloads to a recipe)
+- Replaced much of the argument processing with recipes
+- Added series recipes, and began to strip down un-needed backend code.  Some recipes:
+	- line, step, sticks, bar, histogram, histogram2d, boxplot, violin, quiver, errorbars, density, ohlc
+- Added `@shorthands` and `@userplot` macros for recipe convenience
+- Better handling of errorbars and ribbons
+- New Axis type
+	- Tracks extrema and discrete values
+	- New `link_axes` functionality
+- `linetype` has been renamed `seriestype` (the alias is reversed)
+- Many fixes and huge cleanup in GR
+- Brand new subplot layout mechanics:
+	- `@layout` macro
+	- AbstractLayout, Subplot, GridLayout, and everything related
+	- Added dependency on Measures.jl
+	- Computations of axis/guide sizes and precise positioning
+- Refactored and compartmentalized default dictionaries for attributes
+- Deprecated Gadfly and Immerse backends
+- Added `series_annotations` attribute (previously that functionality was merged with `annotations`, which are not series-specific)
+- Removed `axis` attribute... currently not supporting twin (right) y axes
+- Check for `ENV["PLOTS_USE_ATOM_PLOTPANE"]` and default to false
+- Improved backend interface to reduce redundant code.  Template updated.
+- Added `html_output_format`, primarily for choosing between png and svg output in IJulia.
+- Partial support of Julia v0.5
+- Switched testing to dump reference images to JuliaPlots/PlotReferenceImages.jl
+- Moved docs-specific code to new JuliaPlots/PlotDocs.jl
+- Moved example list from ExamplePlots into Plots.
+- Added several examples and improved others.
+- Many other smaller changes and bug fixes.
+
+
+---
+
+## Version 0.6
+
+#### 0.6.2
+
+- `linewidth` fixes
+- `markershape` fix
+- converted center calc to centroid for shapes
+- new dependency on [RecipesBase](https://github.com/JuliaPlots/RecipesBase.jl)
+- REQUIRE upper limit for RecipesBase: 0.0.1
+- GR fixes/improvements (@jheinen)
+  - support `zlims`, `bins`
+  - allow Plots colormaps
+  - other bug fixes
+  - native image support
+- PGFPlots fixes/improvements (@pkofod)
+- DataFrames are handled by recipes
+- Plotly: zaxis, tick rotation, 3d axis fix
+- Improvements in handling discrete data
+- Support for image display
+- `arrow` keyword and support for adding arrows to paths
+- changed quiver recipe to use arrows
+- Bug fixes for boxplots, heatmaps, and more
+
+#### 0.6.1
+
+- `rotation` keyword
+- improved supported graphs
+- subplot bug fix
+
+#### 0.6.0
+
+- `apply_series_recipe` framework for built-in recipes
+- [boxplot/violin recipes](https://github.com/tbreloff/ExamplePlots.jl/blob/master/notebooks/boxplot.ipynb)
+- [errorbar/ribbon recipes](https://github.com/tbreloff/ExamplePlots.jl/blob/master/notebooks/errorbars.ipynb)
+- [quiver recipe](https://github.com/tbreloff/ExamplePlots.jl/blob/master/notebooks/quiver.ipynb)
+- `polar` coordinates
+- better support for shapes and custom polygons (see [batman](https://github.com/tbreloff/ExamplePlots.jl/blob/master/notebooks/batman.ipynb))
+- z-axis keywords
+- 3D indexing overhaul: `push!`, `append!` support
+- matplotlib colormap constants (`:inferno` is the new default colormap for Plots)
+- `const KW = Dict{Symbol,Any}` used in place of splatting in many places
+- png generation for plotly backend using wkhtmltoimage
+- `normalize` and `weights` keywords
+- background/foreground subcategories for fine-tuning of looks
+- `add_theme`/`set_theme` and ggplot2 theme (see [this issue](https://github.com/tbreloff/Plots.jl/issues/201))
+- `PLOTS_DEFAULT_BACKEND` environment variable
+- `barh` linetype
+- support for non-gridded surfaces with pyplot's trisurface
+- pyplot surface zcolor
+- internal refactor of supported.jl
+- `wrap` method to bypass input processing
+- `translate`, `scale` and `rotate` methods for coordinates and shapes
+- and many more minor fixes and improvements
+
+---
+
+## Version 0.5
+
+#### 0.5.4
+
+- old heatmaps have been renamed to hist2d, and true heatmaps implemented (see https://github.com/tbreloff/Plots.jl/issues/147)
+- lots of reorganization and redesign of the internals
+- lots of renaming to keep to conventions: AbstractPlot, AbstractBackend, etc
+- initial redesign of layouts
+- integration with Atom PlotPane
+- arc diagram and chord diagram (thanks to @diegozea: see https://github.com/tbreloff/Plots.jl/issues/163)
+- work on GR, GLVisualize, and PGFPlots backends (thanks @jheinen @dlfivefifty @pkofod)
+- improvements to Plotly setup (thanks @spencerlyon2)
+- overhaul to series creation logic and groupby mechanic
+- replace Dict with `typealias KW Dict{Symbol,Any}` in many places, also replacing keyword arg splatting
+- new `shape` linetype for plotting polygons in plot-coordinates (see https://github.com/tbreloff/ExamplePlots.jl/blob/master/notebooks/batman.ipynb)
+- many other fixes
+
+#### 0.5.3
+
+- `@gif` macro with `every`/`when` syntax
+- bezier curves and other graph drawing helpers
+- added FixedSizeArrays dependency with relevant functionality
+- merged lots of improvements to GR (thanks @jheinen)
+- `overwrite_figure`/`reuse` arg for reusing the same figure window
+- deprecated Qwt, Winston, and Bokeh backends
+- improved handling of 3D inputs (call `z=rand(10,10); surface(z)` for example)
+- fix IJulia display issue
+- lots of progress on PlotlyJS backend
+- and many other changes and fixes...
+
+#### 0.5.2
+
+- Added [GR.jl](https://github.com/jheinen/GR.jl) as a backend (unfinished but functional) All credit to @jheinen
+- Set defaults within backend calls (i.e. `gadfly(legend=false)`)
+- `abline!`; also extrema allows plotting functions without giving x (i.e. `plot(cos, 0, 10); plot!(sin)`) @pkofod @joshday
+- Integration with [PlotlyJS.jl](https://github.com/spencerlyon2/PlotlyJS.jl) for using Plotly inside a Blink window @spencerlyon2
+- The Plotly backend has been split into my built-in version (`plotly()`) and @spencerlyon2's backend (`plotlyjs()`)
+- Revamped backend setup code for easily adding new backends
+- New docs (WIP) at http://juliaplots.github.io/
+- Overhaul to `:legend` keyword (see https://github.com/tbreloff/Plots.jl/issues/135)
+- New dependency on Requires, allows auto-loading of DataFrames support
+- Support for plotting lists of Tuples and FixedSizeArrays
+- new `@animate` macro for super simple animations (see https://github.com/tbreloff/Plots.jl/issues/111#issuecomment-181515616)
+- allow Function for `:fillrange` and `zcolor` arguments (for example: `scatter(sin, 0:10, marker=15, fill=(cos,0.4), zcolor=sin)`)
+- allow vectors of PlotText without x/y coords (for example: `scatter(rand(10), m=20, ann=map(text, 1:10))`)
+- Lots and lots of fixes
+
+#### 0.5.1
+
+#### 0.5.0
+
+- `with` function for temporary defaults
+- contours
+- basic 3D plotting
+- preliminary support for Bokeh
+- `stroke` and `brush` for more fine-tuned control over visuals
+- smarter "magic" arguments: `line`, `marker`
@@ -1,21 +1,25 @@
 # Plots

-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/tbreloff/Plots.jl.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/tbreloff/Plots.jl)
-[![Plots](http://pkg.julialang.org/badges/Plots_0.3.svg)](http://pkg.julialang.org/?pkg=Plots&ver=0.3)
-[![Plots](http://pkg.julialang.org/badges/Plots_0.4.svg)](http://pkg.julialang.org/?pkg=Plots&ver=0.4)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/JuliaPlots/Plots.jl.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/JuliaPlots/Plots.jl)
+[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/github/juliaplots/plots.jl?branch=master&svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/mkborregaard/plots-jl)
+[![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/tbreloff/Plots.jl](https://badges.gitter.im/tbreloff/Plots.jl.svg)](https://gitter.im/tbreloff/Plots.jl?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
+<!-- [![Plots](http://pkg.julialang.org/badges/Plots_0.3.svg)](http://pkg.julialang.org/?pkg=Plots&ver=0.3) -->
+<!-- [![Plots](http://pkg.julialang.org/badges/Plots_0.4.svg)](http://pkg.julialang.org/?pkg=Plots&ver=0.4) -->
 <!-- [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/tbreloff/Plots.jl/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/tbreloff/Plots.jl?branch=master) -->
 <!-- [![codecov.io](http://codecov.io/github/tbreloff/Plots.jl/coverage.svg?branch=master)](http://codecov.io/github/tbreloff/Plots.jl?branch=master) -->

-#### Author: Thomas Breloff (@tbreloff)
+#### Created by Tom Breloff (@tbreloff)
+
+#### Maintained by the [JuliaPlot members](https://github.com/orgs/JuliaPlots/people)

 Plots is a plotting API and toolset.  My goals with the package are:

- **Intuitive**.  Start generating complex plots without reading volumes of documentation.  Commands should "just work".
+- **Powerful**.  Do more with less.  Complex visualizations become easy.
+- **Intuitive**.  Stop reading so much documentation.  Commands should "just work".
 - **Concise**.  Less code means fewer mistakes and more efficient development/analysis.
 - **Flexible**.  Produce your favorite plots from your favorite package, but quicker and simpler.
- **Consistent**.  Don't commit to one graphics package.  Use the same code and access the strengths of all backends.
- **Lightweight**.  Very few dependencies, since backends are loaded and initialized dynamically.
+- **Consistent**.  Don't commit to one graphics package, use the same code everywhere.
+- **Lightweight**.  Very few dependencies.
+- **Smart**. Attempts to figure out what you **want** it to do... not just what you **tell** it.

-Use the preprocessing pipeline in Plots to fully describe your visualization before it calls the backend code.  This maintains modularity and allows for efficient separation of front end code, algorithms, and backend graphics.  New graphical backends can be added with minimal effort.
-
-View the [full documentation](http://plots.readthedocs.org).
+View the [full documentation](http://docs.juliaplots.org/latest).
@@ -1,7 +1,16 @@
-julia 0.4
+julia 0.6

-Colors
+RecipesBase 0.2.3
+PlotUtils 0.4.1
+PlotThemes 0.1.3
 Reexport
-Compat
+StaticArrays 0.5
+FixedPointNumbers 0.3
+Measures
+Showoff
+StatsBase 0.14.0
+JSON
+NaNMath
 Requires
-FixedSizeArrays
+Contour
+GR 0.31.0
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 environment:
  matrix:
-  - JULIAVERSION: "julialang/bin/winnt/x86/0.3/julia-0.3-latest-win32.exe"
-  - JULIAVERSION: "julialang/bin/winnt/x64/0.3/julia-0.3-latest-win64.exe"
-  - JULIAVERSION: "julianightlies/bin/winnt/x86/julia-latest-win32.exe"
-  - JULIAVERSION: "julianightlies/bin/winnt/x64/julia-latest-win64.exe"
+  - JULIA_URL: "https://julialang-s3.julialang.org/bin/winnt/x86/0.6/julia-0.6-latest-win32.exe"
+  - JULIA_URL: "https://julialang-s3.julialang.org/bin/winnt/x64/0.6/julia-0.6-latest-win64.exe"
+  - JULIA_URL: "https://julialangnightlies-s3.julialang.org/bin/winnt/x86/julia-latest-win32.exe"
+  - JULIA_URL: "https://julialangnightlies-s3.julialang.org/bin/winnt/x64/julia-latest-win64.exe"

-branches:
-  only:
-    - master
-    - /release-.*/
+matrix:
+  allow_failures:
+  - JULIA_URL: "https://julialang-s3.julialang.org/bin/winnt/x86/0.6/julia-0.6-latest-win32.exe" #check and address
+  - JULIA_URL: "https://julialangnightlies-s3.julialang.org/bin/winnt/x86/julia-latest-win32.exe"
+  - JULIA_URL: "https://julialangnightlies-s3.julialang.org/bin/winnt/x64/julia-latest-win64.exe"

 notifications:
  - provider: Email
@@ -17,18 +18,22 @@ notifications:
    on_build_status_changed: false

 install:
+  - ps: "[System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12"
+# If there's a newer build queued for the same PR, cancel this one
+  - ps: if ($env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER -and $env:APPVEYOR_BUILD_NUMBER -ne ((Invoke-RestMethod `
+        https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/$env:APPVEYOR_ACCOUNT_NAME/$env:APPVEYOR_PROJECT_SLUG/history?recordsNumber=50).builds | `
+        Where-Object pullRequestId -eq $env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER)[0].buildNumber) { `
+        throw "There are newer queued builds for this pull request, failing early." }
 # Download most recent Julia Windows binary
-  - ps: (new-object net.webclient).DownloadFile(
-        $("http://s3.amazonaws.com/"+$env:JULIAVERSION),
-        "C:\projects\julia-binary.exe")
+  - ps: (new-object net.webclient).DownloadFile($env:JULIA_URL, "C:\projects\julia-binary.exe")
 # Run installer silently, output to C:\projects\julia
  - C:\projects\julia-binary.exe /S /D=C:\projects\julia

 build_script:
 # Need to convert from shallow to complete for Pkg.clone to work
  - IF EXIST .git\shallow (git fetch --unshallow)
-  - C:\projects\julia\bin\julia -e "versioninfo();
-      Pkg.clone(pwd(), \"Plots\"); Pkg.build(\"Plots\")"
+  - C:\projects\julia\bin\julia -e "versioninfo(); Pkg.clone(pwd(), \"Plots\"); Pkg.build(\"Plots\")"

 test_script:
-  - C:\projects\julia\bin\julia --check-bounds=yes -e "Pkg.test(\"Plots\")"
+  # - C:\projects\julia\bin\julia -e "Pkg.test(\"Plots\")"
+  - C:\projects\julia\bin\julia -e "include(Pkg.dir(\"Plots\", \"test\", \"travis_commands.jl\"))"
@@ -1,419 +0,0 @@
-
-module PlotExamples
-
-using Plots
-using Colors
-using Compat
-
-const DOCDIR = Pkg.dir("Plots") * "/docs"
-const IMGDIR = Pkg.dir("Plots") * "/img"
-
-"""
-Holds all data needed for a documentation example... header, description, and plotting expression (Expr)
-"""
-type PlotExample
-  header::@compat(AbstractString)
-  desc::@compat(AbstractString)
-  exprs::Vector{Expr}
-end
-
-
-
-# the examples we'll run for each
-const examples = PlotExample[
-  PlotExample("Lines",
-              "A simple line plot of the columns.",
-              [
-                :(plot(Plots.fakedata(50,5), w=3))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Functions, adding data, and animations",
-              "Plot multiple functions.  You can also put the function first, or use the form `plot(f, xmin, xmax)` where f is a Function or AbstractVector{Function}.\n\nGet series data: `x, y = plt[i]`.  Set series data: `plt[i] = (x,y)`. Add to the series with `push!`/`append!`.\n\nEasily build animations.  (`convert` or `ffmpeg` must be available to generate the animation.)  Use command `gif(anim, filename, fps=15)` to save the animation.",
-              [
-                :(p = plot([sin,cos], zeros(0), leg=false)),
-                :(anim = Animation()),
-                :(for x in linspace(0, 10π, 100)
-                    push!(p, x, Float64[sin(x), cos(x)])
-                    frame(anim)
-                  end)
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Parametric plots",
-              "Plot function pair (x(u), y(u)).",
-              [
-                :(plot(sin, x->sin(2x), 0, 2π, line=4, leg=false, fill=(0,:orange)))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Colors",
-              "Access predefined palettes (or build your own with the `colorscheme` method).  Line/marker colors are auto-generated from the plot's palette, unless overridden.  Set the `z` argument to turn on series gradients.",
-              [
-                :(y = rand(100)),
-                :(plot(0:10:100,rand(11,4),lab="lines",w=3, palette=:grays, fill=(0.5,:auto))),
-                :(scatter!(y, zcolor=abs(y-.5), m=(:heat,0.8,stroke(1,:green)), ms=10*abs(y-0.5)+4, lab="grad"))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Global",
-              "Change the guides/background/limits/ticks.  Convenience args `xaxis` and `yaxis` allow you to pass a tuple or value which will be mapped to the relevant args automatically.  The `xaxis` below will be replaced with `xlabel` and `xlims` args automatically during the preprocessing step. You can also use shorthand functions: `title!`, `xaxis!`, `yaxis!`, `xlabel!`, `ylabel!`, `xlims!`, `ylims!`, `xticks!`, `yticks!`",
-              [
-                :(y = rand(20,3)),
-                :(plot(y, xaxis=("XLABEL",(-5,30),0:2:20,:flip), background_color = RGB(0.2,0.2,0.2), leg=false)),
-                :(hline!(mean(y,1)+rand(1,3), line=(4,:dash,0.6,[:lightgreen :green :darkgreen]))),
-                :(vline!([5,10])),
-                :(title!("TITLE")),
-                :(yaxis!("YLABEL", :log10))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Two-axis",
-              "Use the `axis` arguments.\n\nNote: Currently only supported with Qwt and PyPlot",
-              [
-                :(plot(Vector[randn(100), randn(100)*100], axis = [:l :r], ylabel="LEFT", yrightlabel="RIGHT", xlabel="X", title="TITLE"))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Arguments",
-              "Plot multiple series with different numbers of points.  Mix arguments that apply to all series (marker/markersize) with arguments unique to each series (colors).  Special arguments `line`, `marker`, and `fill` will automatically figure out what arguments to set (for example, we are setting the `linestyle`, `linewidth`, and `color` arguments with `line`.)  Note that we pass a matrix of colors, and this applies the colors to each series.",
-              [
-                :(ys = Vector[rand(10), rand(20)]),
-                :(plot(ys, line=(:dot,4,[:black :orange]), marker=([:hex :d],12,0.8,stroke(3,:gray))))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Build plot in pieces",
-              "Start with a base plot...",
-              [
-                :(plot(rand(100)/3, reg=true, fill=(0,:green)))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("",
-              "and add to it later.",
-              [
-                :(scatter!(rand(100), markersize=6, c=:orange))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Heatmaps",
-              "",
-              [
-                :(heatmap(randn(10000),randn(10000), nbins=20))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Line types",
-              "",
-              [
-                :(types = intersect(supportedTypes(), [:line, :path, :steppre, :steppost, :sticks, :scatter])'),
-                :(n = length(types)),
-                :(x = Vector[sort(rand(20)) for i in 1:n]),
-                :(y = rand(20,n)),
-                :(plot(x, y, line=(types,3), lab=map(string,types), ms=15))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Line styles",
-              "",
-              [
-                :(styles = setdiff(supportedStyles(), [:auto])'),
-                :(plot(cumsum(randn(20,length(styles)),1), style=:auto, label=map(string,styles), w=5))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Marker types",
-              "",
-              [
-                :(markers = setdiff(supportedMarkers(), [:none,:auto,Shape])'),
-                :(n = length(markers)),
-                :(x = linspace(0,10,n+2)[2:end-1]),
-                :(y = repmat(reverse(x)', n, 1)),
-                :(scatter(x, y, m=(8,:auto), lab=map(string,markers), bg=:linen))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Bar",
-              "x is the midpoint of the bar. (todo: allow passing of edges instead of midpoints)",
-              [
-                :(bar(randn(999)))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Histogram",
-              "",
-              [
-                :(histogram(randn(1000), nbins=20))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Subplots",
-              """
-                subplot and subplot! are distinct commands which create many plots and add series to them in a circular fashion.
-                You can define the layout with keyword params... either set the number of plots `n` (and optionally number of rows `nr` or 
-                number of columns `nc`), or you can set the layout directly with `layout`.
-              """,
-              [
-                :(subplot(randn(100,5), layout=[1,1,3], t=[:line :hist :scatter :step :bar], nbins=10, leg=false))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Adding to subplots",
-              "Note here the automatic grid layout, as well as the order in which new series are added to the plots.",
-              [
-                :(subplot(Plots.fakedata(100,10), n=4, palette=[:grays :blues :heat :lightrainbow], bg=[:orange :pink :darkblue :black]))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("",
-              "",
-              [
-                :(subplot!(Plots.fakedata(100,10)))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Open/High/Low/Close",
-              "Create an OHLC chart.  Pass in a vector of OHLC objects as your `y` argument.  Adjust the tick width with arg `markersize`.",
-              [
-                :(n=20),
-                :(hgt=rand(n)+1),
-                :(bot=randn(n)),
-                :(openpct=rand(n)),
-                :(closepct=rand(n)),
-                :(y = [OHLC(openpct[i]*hgt[i]+bot[i], bot[i]+hgt[i], bot[i], closepct[i]*hgt[i]+bot[i]) for i in 1:n]),
-                :(ohlc(y; markersize=8))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Annotations",
-              "Currently only text annotations are supported.  Pass in a tuple or vector-of-tuples: (x,y,text).  `annotate!(ann)` is shorthand for `plot!(; annotation=ann)`",
-              [
-                :(y = rand(10)),
-                :(plot(y, ann=(3,y[3],text("this is #3",:left)))),
-                :(annotate!([(5,y[5],text("this is #5",16,:red,:center)),
-                             (10,y[10],text("this is #10",:right,20,"courier"))]))
-              ]),
-  PlotExample("Custom Markers",
-              "A `Plots.Shape` is a light wrapper around vertices of a polygon.  For supported backends, pass arbitrary polygons as the marker shapes.  Note: The center is (0,0) and the size is expected to be rougly the area of the unit circle.",
-              [
-                :(verts = [(-1.0,1.0),(-1.28,0.6),(-0.2,-1.4),(0.2,-1.4),(1.28,0.6),(1.0,1.0),
-                           (-1.0,1.0),(-0.2,-0.6),(0.0,-0.2),(-0.4,0.6),(1.28,0.6),(0.2,-1.4),
-                           (-0.2,-1.4),(0.6,0.2),(-0.2,0.2),(0.0,-0.2),(0.2,0.2),(-0.2,-0.6)])
-                :(plot(0.1:0.2:0.9, 0.7rand(5)+0.15,
-                       l=(3,:dash,:lightblue), 
-                       m=(Shape(verts),30,RGBA(0,0,0,0.2)),
-                       bg=:pink, fg=:darkblue,
-                       xlim = (0,1), ylim=(0,1), leg=false))
-              ]),
-
-  PlotExample("Contours",
-              "",
-              [
-                :(x = 1:0.3:20),
-                :(y = x),
-                :(f(x,y) = sin(x)+cos(y)),
-                :(contour(x, y, f, fill=true))
-              ]),
-
-  PlotExample("Pie",
-              "",
-              [
-                :(x = ["Nerds", "Hackers", "Scientists"]),
-                :(y = [0.4, 0.35, 0.25]),
-                :(pie(x, y, title="The Julia Community", l=0.5))
-              ]),
-
-  PlotExample("3D",
-              "",
-              [
-                :(n = 100),
-                :(ts = linspace(0,8π,n)),
-                :(x = ts .* map(cos,ts)),
-                :(y = 0.1ts .* map(sin,ts)),
-                :(z = 1:n),
-                :(plot(x, y, z, zcolor=reverse(z), m=(10,0.8,:blues,stroke(0)), leg=false, w=5)),
-                :(plot!(zeros(n),zeros(n),1:n, w=10))
-              ])
-        
-]
-
-
-function createStringOfMarkDownCodeValues(arr, prefix = "")
-  string("`", prefix, join(sort(map(string, arr)), "`, `$prefix"), "`")
-end
-createStringOfMarkDownSymbols(arr) = isempty(arr) ? "" : createStringOfMarkDownCodeValues(arr, ":")
-
-
-function generate_markdown(pkgname::Symbol)
-
-  # set up the backend, and don't show the plots by default
-  pkg = backend(pkgname)
-  # default(:show, false)
-
-  # mkdir if necessary
-  try
-    mkdir("$IMGDIR/$pkgname")
-  end
-
-  # open the markdown file
-  md = open("$DOCDIR/$(pkgname)_examples.md", "w")
-
-  write(md, "## Examples for backend: $pkgname\n\n")
-
-  write(md, "### Initialize\n\n```julia\nusing Plots\n$(pkgname)()\n```\n\n")
-
-
-  for (i,example) in enumerate(examples)
-
-    try
-
-      # we want to always produce consistent results
-      srand(1234)
-
-      # run the code
-      map(eval, example.exprs)
-
-      # # save the png
-      # imgname = "$(pkgname)_example_$i.png"
-
-      # NOTE: uncomment this to overwrite the images as well
-      if i == 2
-        imgname = "$(pkgname)_example_$i.gif"
-        gif(anim, "$IMGDIR/$pkgname/$imgname", fps=15)
-      else
-        imgname = "$(pkgname)_example_$i.png"
-        png("$IMGDIR/$pkgname/$imgname")
-      end
-
-      # write out the header, description, code block, and image link
-      write(md, "### $(example.header)\n\n")
-      write(md, "$(example.desc)\n\n")
-      write(md, "```julia\n$(join(map(string, example.exprs), "\n"))\n```\n\n")
-      write(md, "![](../img/$pkgname/$imgname)\n\n")
-
-    catch ex
-      # TODO: put error info into markdown?
-      warn("Example $pkgname:$i failed with: $ex")
-    end
-
-    #
-  end
-
-  write(md, "- Supported arguments: $(createStringOfMarkDownCodeValues(supportedArgs(pkg)))\n")
-  write(md, "- Supported values for axis: $(createStringOfMarkDownSymbols(supportedAxes(pkg)))\n")
-  write(md, "- Supported values for linetype: $(createStringOfMarkDownSymbols(supportedTypes(pkg)))\n")
-  write(md, "- Supported values for linestyle: $(createStringOfMarkDownSymbols(supportedStyles(pkg)))\n")
-  write(md, "- Supported values for marker: $(createStringOfMarkDownSymbols(supportedMarkers(pkg)))\n")
-  write(md, "- Is `subplot`/`subplot!` supported? $(subplotSupported(pkg) ? "Yes" : "No")\n\n")
-
-  write(md, "(Automatically generated: $(now()))")
-  close(md)
-
-end
-
-
-# make and display one plot
-function test_examples(pkgname::Symbol, idx::Int; debug = true)
-  Plots._debugMode.on = debug
-  println("Testing plot: $pkgname:$idx:$(examples[idx].header)")
-  backend(pkgname)
-  backend()
-  map(eval, examples[idx].exprs)
-  plt = current()
-  gui(plt)
-  plt
-end
-
-# generate all plots and create a dict mapping idx --> plt
-function test_examples(pkgname::Symbol; debug = false)
-  Plots._debugMode.on = debug
-  plts = Dict()
-  for i in 1:length(examples)
-    # if examples[i].header == "Subplots" && !subplotSupported()
-    #   break
-    # end
-
-    try
-      plt = test_examples(pkgname, i, debug=debug)
-      plts[i] = plt
-    catch ex
-      # TODO: put error info into markdown?
-      warn("Example $pkgname:$i:$(examples[i].header) failed with: $ex")
-    end
-  end
-  plts
-end
-
-# axis            # :left or :right
-# color           # can be a string ("red") or a symbol (:red) or a ColorsTypes.jl 
-#                 #   Colorant (RGB(1,0,0)) or :auto (which lets the package pick)
-# label           # string or symbol, applies to that line, may go in a legend
-# width           # width of a line
-# linetype        # :line, :step, :stepinverted, :sticks, :scatter, :none, :heatmap, :hexbin, :hist, :bar
-# linestyle       # :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot
-# marker          # :none, :ellipse, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle,
-#                 #   :cross, :xcross, :star1, :star2, :hexagon
-# markercolor     # same choices as `color`, or :match will set the color to be the same as `color`
-# markersize      # size of the marker
-# nbins           # number of bins for heatmap/hexbin and histograms
-# heatmap_c       # color cutoffs for Qwt heatmaps
-# fill          # fill value for area plots
-# title           # string or symbol, title of the plot
-# xlabel          # string or symbol, label on the bottom (x) axis
-# ylabel          # string or symbol, label on the left (y) axis
-# yrightlabel     # string or symbol, label on the right (y) axis
-# reg             # true or false, add a regression line for each line
-# size            # (Int,Int), resize the enclosing window
-# pos             # (Int,Int), move the enclosing window to this position
-# windowtitle     # string or symbol, set the title of the enclosing windowtitle
-# screen          # Integer, move enclosing window to this screen number (for multiscreen desktops)
-
-
-
-@compat const _ltdesc = Dict(
-    :none       => "No line",
-    :line       => "Lines with sorted x-axis",
-    :path       => "Lines",
-    :steppre    => "Step plot (vertical then horizontal)",
-    :steppost   => "Step plot (horizontal then vertical)",
-    :sticks     => "Vertical lines",
-    :scatter    => "Points, no lines",
-    :heatmap    => "Colored regions by density",
-    :hexbin     => "Similar to heatmap",
-    :hist       => "Histogram (doesn't use x)",
-    :bar        => "Bar plot (centered on x values)",
-    :hline      => "Horizontal line (doesn't use x)",
-    :vline      => "Vertical line (doesn't use x)",
-    :ohlc       => "Open/High/Low/Close chart (expects y is AbstractVector{Plots.OHLC})",
-    :contour    => "Contour lines (uses z)",
-    :path3d     => "3D path (uses z)",
-    :scatter3d  => "3D scatter plot (uses z)",
-  )
-
-function buildReadme()
-  readme = readall("$DOCDIR/readme_template.md")
-
-  # build keyword arg table
-  table = "Keyword | Default | Type | Aliases \n---- | ---- | ---- | ----\n"
-  allseries = merge(Plots._seriesDefaults, @compat(Dict(:line=>nothing, :marker=>nothing, :fill=>nothing)))
-  allplots = merge(Plots._plotDefaults, @compat(Dict(:xaxis=>nothing, :yaxis=>nothing)))
-  alldefs = merge(allseries, allplots)
-  for k in Plots.sortedkeys(alldefs)
-  # for d in (Plots._seriesDefaults, Plots._plotDefaults)
-  #   for k in Plots.sortedkeys(d)
-    aliasstr = createStringOfMarkDownSymbols(aliases(Plots._keyAliases, k))
-    table = string(table, "`:$k` | `$(alldefs[k])` | $(haskey(allseries,k) ? "Series" : "Plot") | $aliasstr  \n")
-    # end
-  end
-  readme = replace(readme, "[[KEYWORD_ARGS_TABLE]]", table)
-
-  # build linetypes table
-  table = "Type | Desc | Aliases\n---- | ---- | ----\n"
-  for lt in Plots._allTypes
-    aliasstr = createStringOfMarkDownSymbols(aliases(Plots._typeAliases, lt))
-    table = string(table, "`:$lt` | $(_ltdesc[lt]) | $aliasstr  \n")
-  end
-  readme = replace(readme, "[[LINETYPES_TABLE]]", table)
-
-  # build linestyles table
-  table = "Type | Aliases\n---- | ----\n"
-  for s in Plots._allStyles
-    aliasstr = createStringOfMarkDownSymbols(aliases(Plots._styleAliases, s))
-    table = string(table, "`:$s` | $aliasstr  \n")
-  end
-  readme = replace(readme, "[[LINESTYLES_TABLE]]", table)
-
-  # build markers table
-  table = "Type | Aliases\n---- | ----\n"
-  for s in Plots._allMarkers
-    aliasstr = createStringOfMarkDownSymbols(aliases(Plots._markerAliases, s))
-    table = string(table, "`:$s` | $aliasstr  \n")
-  end
-  readme = replace(readme, "[[MARKERS_TABLE]]", table)
-
-  readme_fn = Pkg.dir("Plots") * "/README.md"
-  f = open(readme_fn, "w")
-  write(f, readme)
-  close(f)
-
-  gadfly()
-  Plots.dumpSupportGraphs()
-end
-
-default(size=(500,300))
-
-# run it!
-# note: generate separately so it's easy to comment out
-# @osx_only generate_markdown(:unicodeplots)
-# generate_markdown(:qwt)
-# generate_markdown(:gadfly)
-# generate_markdown(:pyplot)
-# generate_markdown(:immerse)
-# generate_markdown(:winston)
-
-
-end # module
-
@@ -1,305 +0,0 @@
-# Plots
-
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/tbreloff/Plots.jl.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/tbreloff/Plots.jl)
-[![Plots](http://pkg.julialang.org/badges/Plots_0.3.svg)](http://pkg.julialang.org/?pkg=Plots&ver=0.3)
-[![Plots](http://pkg.julialang.org/badges/Plots_0.4.svg)](http://pkg.julialang.org/?pkg=Plots&ver=0.4)
-<!-- [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/tbreloff/Plots.jl/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://coveralls.io/r/tbreloff/Plots.jl?branch=master) -->
-<!-- [![codecov.io](http://codecov.io/github/tbreloff/Plots.jl/coverage.svg?branch=master)](http://codecov.io/github/tbreloff/Plots.jl?branch=master) -->
-
-#### Author: Thomas Breloff (@tbreloff)
-
-Plots is a plotting API and toolset.  My goals with the package are:
-
- **Intuitive**.  Start generating complex plots without reading volumes of documentation.  Commands should "just work".
- **Concise**.  Less code means fewer mistakes and more efficient development/analysis.
- **Flexible**.  Produce your favorite plots from your favorite package, but quicker and simpler.
- **Consistent**.  Don't commit to one graphics package.  Use the same code and access the strengths of all backends.
- **Lightweight**.  Very few dependencies, since backends are loaded and initialized dynamically.
-
-Use the preprocessing pipeline in Plots to fully describe your visualization before it calls the backend code.  This maintains modularity and allows for efficient separation of front end code, algorithms, and backend graphics.  New graphical backends can be added with minimal effort.
-
-Check out the [summary graphs](img/supported/supported.md) for the features that each backend supports.
-
-Please add wishlist items, bugs, or any other comments/questions to the issues list.
-
-## Examples for each implemented backend:
-
- [Gadfly.jl/Immerse.jl](https://github.com/tbreloff/ExamplePlots.jl/tree/master/docs/gadfly_examples.md)
- [PyPlot.jl](https://github.com/tbreloff/ExamplePlots.jl/tree/master/docs/pyplot_examples.md)
- [UnicodePlots.jl](https://github.com/tbreloff/ExamplePlots.jl/tree/master/docs/unicodeplots_examples.md)
- [Qwt.jl](https://github.com/tbreloff/ExamplePlots.jl/tree/master/docs/qwt_examples.md)
-
-Also check out the many [IJulia notebooks](http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/tbreloff/ExamplePlots.jl/tree/master/examples/) with many examples.
-
-## Installation
-
-First, add the package
-
-```julia
-Pkg.add("Plots")
-
-# if you want the latest features:
-Pkg.checkout("Plots")
-
-# or for the bleeding edge:
-Pkg.checkout("Plots", "dev")
-```
-
-then get any plotting packages you need (obviously, you should get at least one backend).
-
-```julia
-Pkg.add("Gadfly")
-Pkg.add("Immerse")
-Pkg.add("PyPlot")
-Pkg.add("UnicodePlots")
-Pkg.add("Qwt")
-Pkg.add("Bokeh")
-```
-
-## Use
-
-Load it in.  The underlying plotting backends are not imported until `backend()` is called (which happens
-on your first call to `plot` or `subplot`).  This means that you don't need any backends to be installed when you call `using Plots`.
-
-Plots will try to figure out a good default backend for you automatically based on what backends are installed.
-
-```julia
-using Plots
-```
-
-Do a plot in Gadfly (inspired by [this example](http://gadflyjl.org/geom_point.html)), then save a png:
-
-```julia
-gadfly()        # switch to Gadfly as a backend
-dataframes()    # turn on support for DataFrames inputs
-
-# load some data
-using RDatasets
-iris = dataset("datasets", "iris");
-
-# This will bring up a browser window with the plot. Add a semicolon at the end to skip display. 
-scatter(iris, :SepalLength, :SepalWidth, group=:Species, m=([:+ :d :s], 12), smooth=0.99, bg=:black)
-
-# save a png (equivalent to png("gadfly1.png") and savefig("gadfly1.png"))
-png("gadfly1")
-```
-
-![gadfly_plt](img/gadfly1.png)
-
-## API
-
-Call `backend(backend::Symbol)` or the shorthands (`gadfly()`, `qwt()`, `unicodeplots()`, etc) to set the current plotting backend.
-Subsequent commands are converted into the relevant plotting commands for that package:
-
-```julia
-gadfly()
-plot(1:10)    # this effectively calls `y = 1:10; Gadfly.plot(x=1:length(y), y=y)`
-qwt()
-plot(1:10)    # this effectively calls `Qwt.plot(1:10)`
-```
-
-Use `plot` to create a new plot object, and `plot!` to add to an existing one:
-
-```julia
-plot(args...; kw...)                  # creates a new plot window, and sets it to be the `current`
-plot!(args...; kw...)                 # adds to the `current`
-plot!(plotobj, args...; kw...)        # adds to the plot `plotobj`
-```
-
-Now that you know which plot object you're updating (new, current, or other), I'll leave it off for simplicity.
-There are many ways to pass in data to the plot functions... some examples:
-
- Vector-like (subtypes of AbstractArray{T,1})
- Matrix-like (subtypes of AbstractArray{T,2})
- Vectors of Vectors
- Functions
- Vectors of Functions
- DataFrames with column symbols (initialize with `dataframes()`)
-
-In general, you can pass in a `y` only, or an `x` and `y`, both of whatever type(s) you want, and Plots will slice up the data as needed.
-For matrices, data is split by columns.  For functions, data is mapped.  For DataFrames, a Symbol/Symbols in place of x/y will map to
-the relevant column(s).
-
-Here are some example usages... remember you can always use `plot!` to update an existing plot, and that, unless specified, you will update the `current()`.
-
-```julia
-plot()                                    # empty plot object
-plot(4)                                   # initialize with 4 empty series
-plot(rand(10))                            # plot 1 series... x = 1:10
-plot(rand(10,5))                          # plot 5 series... x = 1:10
-plot(rand(10), rand(10))                  # plot 1 series
-plot(rand(10,5), rand(10))                # plot 5 series... y is the same for all
-plot(sin, rand(10))                       # y = sin(x)
-plot(rand(10), sin)                       # same... y = sin(x)
-plot([sin,cos], 0:0.1:π)                  # plot 2 series, sin(x) and cos(x)
-plot([sin,cos], 0, π)                     # plot sin and cos on the range [0, π]
-plot(1:10, Any[rand(10), sin])            # plot 2 series, y = rand(10) for the first, y = sin(x) for the second... x = 1:10 for both
-plot(dataset("Ecdat", "Airline"), :Cost)  # plot from a DataFrame (call `dataframes()` first to import DataFrames and initialize)
-```
-
-All plot methods accept a number of keyword arguments (see the tables below), which follow some rules:
- Many arguments have aliases which are replaced during preprocessing.  `c` is the same as `color`, `m` is the same as `marker`, etc.  You can choose how verbose you'd like to be.  (see the tables below)
- There are some special arguments (`xaxis`, `yaxis`, `line`, `marker`, `fill` and the aliases `l`, `m`, `f`) which magically set many related things at once.  (see the __Tip__ below)
- If the argument is a "matrix-type", then each column will map to a series, cycling through columns if there are fewer columns than series.  Anything else will apply the argument value to every series.
- Many arguments accept many different types... for example the `color` (also `markercolor`, `fillcolor`, etc) argument will accept strings or symbols with a color name, or any `Colors.Colorant`, or a `ColorScheme`, or a symbol representing a `ColorGradient`, or an AbstractVector of colors/symbols/etc...
-
-You can update certain plot settings after plot creation (not supported on all backends):
-
-```julia
-plot!(title = "New Title", xlabel = "New xlabel", ylabel = "New ylabel")
-plot!(xlims = (0, 5.5), ylims = (-2.2, 6), xticks = 0:0.5:10, yticks = [0,1,5,10])
-
-# using shorthands:
-xaxis!("mylabel", :log10, :flip)
-```
-
-With `subplot`, create multiple plots at once, with flexible layout options:
-
-```julia
-y = rand(100,3)
-subplot(y; n = 3)             # create an automatic grid, and let it figure out the shape
-subplot(y; n = 3, nr = 1)     # create an automatic grid, but fix the number of rows
-subplot(y; n = 3, nc = 1)     # create an automatic grid, but fix the number of columns
-subplot(y; layout = [1, 2])   # explicit layout.  Lists the number of plots in each row
-```
-
-__Tip__: You can call `subplot!(args...; kw...)` to add to an existing subplot.
-
-__Tip__: Calling `subplot!` on a `Plot` object, or `plot!` on a `Subplot` object will throw an error.
-
-Shorthands:
-
-```julia
-scatter(args...; kw...)    = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :scatter)
-scatter!(args...; kw...)   = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :scatter)
-bar(args...; kw...)        = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :bar)
-bar!(args...; kw...)       = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :bar)
-histogram(args...; kw...)  = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :hist)
-histogram!(args...; kw...) = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :hist)
-heatmap(args...; kw...)    = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :heatmap)
-heatmap!(args...; kw...)   = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :heatmap)
-sticks(args...; kw...)     = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :sticks, marker = :ellipse)
-sticks!(args...; kw...)    = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :sticks, marker = :ellipse)
-hline(args...; kw...)      = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :hline)
-hline!(args...; kw...)     = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :hline)
-vline(args...; kw...)      = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :vline)
-vline!(args...; kw...)     = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :vline)
-ohlc(args...; kw...)       = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :ohlc)
-ohlc!(args...; kw...)      = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :ohlc)
-
-title!(s::AbstractString)                 = plot!(title = s)
-xlabel!(s::AbstractString)                = plot!(xlabel = s)
-ylabel!(s::AbstractString)                = plot!(ylabel = s)
-xlims!{T<:Real,S<:Real}(lims::Tuple{T,S}) = plot!(xlims = lims)
-ylims!{T<:Real,S<:Real}(lims::Tuple{T,S}) = plot!(ylims = lims)
-xticks!{T<:Real}(v::AVec{T})              = plot!(xticks = v)
-yticks!{T<:Real}(v::AVec{T})              = plot!(yticks = v)
-xflip!(flip::Bool = true)                 = plot!(xflip = flip)
-yflip!(flip::Bool = true)                 = plot!(yflip = flip)
-xaxis!(args...)                           = plot!(xaxis = args)
-yaxis!(args...)                           = plot!(yaxis = args)
-annotate!(anns)                           = plot!(annotation = anns)
-```
-
-### Keyword arguments:
-
-[[KEYWORD_ARGS_TABLE]]
-
-### Plot types:
-
-[[LINETYPES_TABLE]]
-
-### Line styles:
-
-[[LINESTYLES_TABLE]]
-
-### Markers:
-
-[[MARKERS_TABLE]]
-
-__Tip__: With supported backends, you can pass a `Plots.Shape` object for the `marker`/`markershape` arguments.  `Shape` takes a vector of 2-tuples in the constructor, defining the points of the polygon's shape in a unit-scaled coordinate space.  To make a square, for example, you could do `Shape([(1,1),(1,-1),(-1,-1),(-1,1)])`
-
-__Tip__: You can see the default value for a given argument with `default(arg::Symbol)`, and set the default value with `default(arg::Symbol, value)` or `default(; kw...)`.  For example set the default window size and whether we should show a legend with `default(size=(600,400), leg=false)`.
-
-__Tip__: There are some helper arguments you can set:  `xaxis`, `yaxis`, `line`, `marker`, `fill`.  These go through special preprocessing to extract values into individual arguments.  The order doesn't matter, and if you pass a single value it's equivalent to wrapping it in a Tuple.  Examples:
-
-```
-plot(y, xaxis = ("mylabel", :log, :flip, (-1,1)))   # this sets the `xlabel`, `xscale`, `xflip`, and `xlims` arguments automatically
-plot(y, line = (:bar, :blue, :dot, 10))             # this sets the `linetype`, `color`, `linestyle`, and `linewidth` arguments automatically
-plot(y, marker = (:rect, :red, 10))                 # this sets the `markershape`, `markercolor`, and `markersize` arguments automatically
-plot(y, fill = (:green, 10))                        # this sets the `fillcolor` and `fillrange` arguments automatically
-                                                    # Note: `fillrange` can be:
-                                                              a number (fill to horizontal line)
-                                                              a vector of numbers (different for each data point)
-                                                              a tuple of vectors (fill a band)
-```
-
-__Tip__: When plotting multiple lines, you can set all series to use the same value, or pass in a matrix to cycle through values.  Example:
-
-```julia
-plot(rand(100,4); color = [:red RGB(0,0,1)],     # (Matrix) lines 1 and 3 are red, lines 2 and 4 are blue
-                  axis = :auto,                  # lines 1 and 3 are on the left axis, lines 2 and 4 are on the right
-                  markershape = [:rect, :star]   # (Vector) ALL lines are passed the vector [:rect, :star1]
-                  width = 5)                     # all lines have a width of 5
-```
-
-__Tip__: Not all features are supported for each backend, but you can see what's supported by calling the functions: `supportedArgs()`, `supportedAxes()`, `supportedTypes()`, `supportedStyles()`, `supportedMarkers()`, `subplotSupported()`
-
-__Tip__: Call `gui()` to display the plot in a window.  Interactivity depends on backend.  Plotting at the REPL (without semicolon) implicitly calls `gui()`.
-
-### Animations
-
-Animations are created in 3 steps (see example #2):
- Initialize an `Animation` object.
- Save each frame of the animation with `frame(anim)`.
- Convert the frames to an animated gif with `gif(anim, filename, fps=15)`
-
-
-## TODO features:
-
- [x] Plot vectors/matrices/functions
- [x] Plot DataFrames
- [x] Histograms
- [x] Grouping
- [x] Annotations
- [x] Scales
- [x] Categorical Inputs (strings, etc... for hist, bar? or can split one series into multiple?)
- [x] Custom markers
- [x] Animations
- [x] Subplots
- [ ] Contours
- [ ] Boxplots
- [ ] 3D plotting
- [ ] Scenes/Drawing
- [ ] Graphs
- [ ] Interactivity (GUIs)
-
-## TODO backends:
-
- [x] Gadfly.jl
- [x] Immerse.jl
- [x] PyPlot.jl
- [x] UnicodePlots.jl
- [x] Qwt.jl
- [x] Winston.jl (deprecated)
- [ ] GLPlot.jl
- [ ] Bokeh.jl
- [ ] Vega.jl
- [ ] Gaston.jl
- [ ] Plotly.jl
- [ ] GoogleCharts.jl
- [ ] PLplot.jl
- [ ] TextPlots.jl
- [ ] ASCIIPlots.jl
- [ ] Sparklines.jl
- [ ] Hinton.jl
- [ ] ImageTerm.jl
- [ ] GraphViz.jl
- [ ] TikzGraphs.jl
- [ ] GraphLayout.jl
-
-## More information on backends (both supported and unsupported)
-
-See the wiki at: https://github.com/JuliaPlot/juliaplot_docs/wiki
-
-
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-## Supported keyword arguments
-
-![args](Plots.supportGraphArgs.png)
-
-## Supported plot types
-
-![types](Plots.supportGraphTypes.png)
-
-## Supported markers
-
-![markers](Plots.supportGraphMarkers.png)
-
-## Supported line styles
-
-![styles](Plots.supportGraphStyles.png)
-
-## Supported scales
-
-![scales](Plots.supportGraphScales.png)
-
-## Supported axes
-
-![axes](Plots.supportGraphAxes.png)
@@ -1,333 +0,0 @@
-
-
-immutable GadflyPackage       <: PlottingPackage end
-immutable ImmersePackage      <: PlottingPackage end
-immutable PyPlotPackage       <: PlottingPackage end
-immutable QwtPackage          <: PlottingPackage end
-immutable UnicodePlotsPackage <: PlottingPackage end
-immutable WinstonPackage      <: PlottingPackage end
-immutable BokehPackage        <: PlottingPackage end
-immutable PlotlyPackage       <: PlottingPackage end
-immutable GRPackage           <: PlottingPackage end
-immutable GLVisualizePackage  <: PlottingPackage end
-immutable NoPackage           <: PlottingPackage end
-
-typealias GadflyOrImmerse @compat(Union{GadflyPackage, ImmersePackage})
-
-export
-  gadfly,
-  immerse,
-  pyplot,
-  qwt,
-  unicodeplots,
-  bokeh,
-  plotly,
-  gr,
-  glvisualize
-  # winston
-
-gadfly(; kw...)        = (default(; kw...); backend(:gadfly))
-immerse(; kw...)       = (default(; kw...); backend(:immerse))
-pyplot(; kw...)        = (default(; kw...); backend(:pyplot))
-qwt(; kw...)           = (default(; kw...); backend(:qwt))
-unicodeplots(; kw...)  = (default(; kw...); backend(:unicodeplots))
-bokeh(; kw...)         = (default(; kw...); backend(:bokeh))
-plotly(; kw...)        = (default(; kw...); backend(:plotly))
-gr(; kw...)            = (default(; kw...); backend(:gr))
-glvisualize(; kw...)   = (default(; kw...); backend(:glvisualize))
-# winston(; kw...)       = (default(; kw...); backend(:winston))
-
-backend_name(::GadflyPackage)       = :gadfly
-backend_name(::ImmersePackage)      = :immerse
-backend_name(::PyPlotPackage)       = :pyplot
-backend_name(::UnicodePlotsPackage) = :unicodeplots
-backend_name(::QwtPackage)          = :qwt
-backend_name(::BokehPackage)        = :bokeh
-backend_name(::PlotlyPackage)       = :plotly
-backend_name(::GRPackage)           = :gr
-backend_name(::GLVisualizePackage)  = :glvisualize
-backend_name(::NoPackage)           = :none
-
-include("backends/supported.jl")
-
-include("backends/qwt.jl")
-include("backends/gadfly.jl")
-include("backends/unicodeplots.jl")
-include("backends/pyplot.jl")
-include("backends/immerse.jl")
-include("backends/winston.jl")
-
-include("backends/web.jl")
-include("backends/bokeh.jl")
-include("backends/plotly.jl")
-include("backends/gr.jl")
-
-include("backends/glvisualize.jl")
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-plot(pkg::PlottingPackage; kw...) = error("plot($pkg; kw...) is not implemented")
-plot!(pkg::PlottingPackage, plt::Plot; kw...) = error("plot!($pkg, plt; kw...) is not implemented")
-_update_plot(pkg::PlottingPackage, plt::Plot, d::Dict) = error("_update_plot($pkg, plt, d) is not implemented")
-# Base.display(pkg::PlottingPackage, plt::Plot) = error("display($pkg, plt) is not implemented")
-
-_update_plot_pos_size{P<:PlottingPackage}(plt::PlottingObject{P}, d::Dict) = nothing #error("_update_plot_pos_size(plt,d) is not implemented for $P")
-
-subplot(pkg::PlottingPackage; kw...) = error("subplot($pkg; kw...) is not implemented")
-subplot!(pkg::PlottingPackage, subplt::Subplot; kw...) = error("subplot!($pkg, subplt; kw...) is not implemented")
-# Base.display(pkg::PlottingPackage, subplt::Subplot) = error("display($pkg, subplt) is not implemented")
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-const BACKENDS = [:qwt, :gadfly, :unicodeplots, :pyplot, :immerse, :bokeh, :plotly, :gr]
-const _initialized_backends = Set{Symbol}()
-backends() = BACKENDS
-
-
-function _backend_instance(sym::Symbol)
-  sym == :qwt && return QwtPackage()
-  sym == :gadfly && return GadflyPackage()
-  sym == :unicodeplots && return UnicodePlotsPackage()
-  sym == :pyplot && return PyPlotPackage()
-  sym == :immerse && return ImmersePackage()
-  sym == :winston && return WinstonPackage()
-  sym == :bokeh && return BokehPackage()
-  sym == :plotly && return PlotlyPackage()
-  sym == :gr && return GRPackage()
-  sym == :glvisualize && return GLVisualizePackage()
-  sym == :none && return NoPackage()
-  error("Unsupported backend $sym")
-end
-
-
-type CurrentBackend
-  sym::Symbol
-  pkg::PlottingPackage
-end
-CurrentBackend(sym::Symbol) = CurrentBackend(sym, _backend_instance(sym))
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------
-
-function pickDefaultBackend()
-  for pkgstr in ("PyPlot", "Immerse", "Qwt", "Gadfly", "GR", "UnicodePlots", "Bokeh", "GLVisualize")
-    if Pkg.installed(pkgstr) != nothing
-      return backend(symbol(lowercase(pkgstr)))
-    end
-  end
-  backend(:plotly)
-end
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------
-
-"""
-Returns the current plotting package name.  Initializes package on first call.
-"""
-function backend()
-
-  global CURRENT_BACKEND
-  if CURRENT_BACKEND.sym == :none
-    pickDefaultBackend()
-  end
-
-  currentBackendSymbol = CURRENT_BACKEND.sym
-  if !(currentBackendSymbol in _initialized_backends)
-
-    # initialize
-    println("[Plots.jl] Initializing backend: ", CURRENT_BACKEND.sym)
-    if currentBackendSymbol == :qwt
-      try
-        @eval import Qwt
-        @eval export Qwt
-      catch err
-        warn("Couldn't import Qwt.  Install it with: Pkg.clone(\"https://github.com/tbreloff/Qwt.jl.git\")\n  (Note: also requires pyqt and pyqwt).")
-        rethrow(err)
-      end
-
-    elseif currentBackendSymbol == :gadfly
-      try
-        @eval import Gadfly, Compose
-        @eval export Gadfly, Compose
-        @eval include(joinpath(Pkg.dir("Plots"), "src", "backends", "gadfly_shapes.jl"))
-      catch err
-        warn("Couldn't import Gadfly.  Install it with: Pkg.add(\"Gadfly\").")
-        rethrow(err)
-      end
-
-    elseif currentBackendSymbol == :unicodeplots
-      try
-        @eval import UnicodePlots
-        @eval export UnicodePlots
-      catch err
-        warn("Couldn't import UnicodePlots.  Install it with: Pkg.add(\"UnicodePlots\").")
-        rethrow(err)
-      end
-
-    elseif currentBackendSymbol == :pyplot
-      try
-        @eval import PyPlot
-        @eval export PyPlot
-        @eval const pycolors = PyPlot.pywrap(PyPlot.pyimport("matplotlib.colors"))
-        @eval const pypath = PyPlot.pywrap(PyPlot.pyimport("matplotlib.path"))
-        @eval const mplot3d = PyPlot.pywrap(PyPlot.pyimport("mpl_toolkits.mplot3d"))
-        # @eval const pycolorbar = PyPlot.pywrap(PyPlot.pyimport("matplotlib.colorbar"))
-        if !isa(Base.Multimedia.displays[end], Base.REPL.REPLDisplay)
-          PyPlot.ioff()  # stops wierd behavior of displaying incomplete graphs in IJulia
-
-          # # TODO: how the hell can I use PyQt4??
-          # "pyqt4"=>:qt_pyqt4
-          # PyPlot.backend[1] = "pyqt4"
-          # PyPlot.gui[1] = :qt_pyqt4
-          # PyPlot.switch_backend("Qt4Agg")
-
-          # only turn on the gui if we want it
-          if PyPlot.gui != :none
-            PyPlot.pygui(true)
-          end
-
-        end
-      catch err
-        warn("Couldn't import PyPlot.  Install it with: Pkg.add(\"PyPlot\").")
-        rethrow(err)
-      end
-
-    elseif currentBackendSymbol == :immerse
-      try
-        @eval import Immerse, Gadfly, Compose, Gtk
-        @eval export Immerse, Gadfly, Compose, Gtk
-        @eval include(joinpath(Pkg.dir("Plots"), "src", "backends", "gadfly_shapes.jl"))
-      catch err
-        # error("Couldn't import Immerse.  Install it with: Pkg.add(\"Immerse\").\n   Error: ", err)
-        warn("Couldn't import Immerse.  Install it with: Pkg.add(\"Immerse\").")
-        rethrow(err)
-      end
-
-    elseif currentBackendSymbol == :bokeh
-      try
-        @eval import Bokeh
-        @eval export Bokeh
-      catch err
-        warn("Couldn't import Bokeh.  Install it with: Pkg.add(\"Bokeh\").")
-        rethrow(err)
-      end
-
-    elseif currentBackendSymbol == :plotly
-      try
-        @eval begin
-          import JSON
-          JSON._print(io::IO, state::JSON.State, dt::Union{Date,DateTime}) = print(io, '"', dt, '"')
-
-          ############################
-          # borrowed from https://github.com/spencerlyon2/Plotlyjs.jl/blob/master/src/display.jl
-          _js_path = joinpath(Pkg.dir("Plots"), "deps", "plotly-latest.min.js")
-
-          # if we're in IJulia call setupnotebook to load js and css
-          if isijulia()
-              # the first script is some hack I needed to do in order for the notebook
-              # to not complain about Plotly being undefined
-              display("text/html", """
-                  <script type="text/javascript">
-                      require=requirejs=define=undefined;
-                  </script>
-                  <script type="text/javascript">
-                      $(open(readall, _js_path, "r"))
-                  </script>
-               """)
-              # display("text/html", "<p>Plotly javascript loaded.</p>")
-          end
-          # end borrowing (thanks :)
-          ###########################
-
-          try
-            include(joinpath(Pkg.dir("Plots"), "src", "backends", "plotly_blink.jl"))
-          catch err
-            warn("Error including PlotlyJS: $err\n  Note: Will fall back to built-in display.")
-          end
-
-        end
-      catch err
-        warn("Couldn't setup Plotly")
-        rethrow(err)
-      end
-
-    elseif currentBackendSymbol == :gr
-      try
-        @eval import GR
-      catch err
-        warn("Couldn't import GR.  Install it with: Pkg.add(\"GR\").")
-      end
-
-    elseif currentBackendSymbol == :glvisualize
-      try
-        @eval import GLVisualize
-        @eval export GLVisualize
-      catch err
-        warn("Couldn't setup GLVisualize")
-        rethrow(err)
-      end
-
-    elseif currentBackendSymbol == :winston
-      warn("Winston support is deprecated and broken.  Try another backend: $BACKENDS")
-      try
-        @eval ENV["WINSTON_OUTPUT"] = "gtk"
-        @eval import Winston, Gtk
-        @eval export Winston, Gtk
-      catch err
-        warn("Couldn't import Winston.  Install it with: Pkg.add(\"Winston\").")
-        rethrow(err)
-      end
-
-    else
-      error("Unknown backend $currentBackendSymbol.  Choose from: $BACKENDS")
-    end
-    push!(_initialized_backends, currentBackendSymbol)
-
-  end
-  CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg
-end
-
-"""
-Set the plot backend.  Choose from:  :qwt, :gadfly, :unicodeplots, :immerse, :pyplot
-"""
-function backend(pkg::PlottingPackage)
-  CURRENT_BACKEND.sym = backend_name(pkg)
-  CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = pkg
-end
-
-function backend(modname)
-
-  # set the PlottingPackage
-  if modname == :qwt
-    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = QwtPackage()
-  elseif modname == :gadfly
-    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = GadflyPackage()
-  elseif modname == :unicodeplots
-    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = UnicodePlotsPackage()
-  elseif modname == :pyplot
-    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = PyPlotPackage()
-  elseif modname == :immerse
-    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = ImmersePackage()
-  elseif modname == :winston
-    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = WinstonPackage()
-  elseif modname == :bokeh
-    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = BokehPackage()
-  elseif modname == :plotly
-    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = PlotlyPackage()
-  elseif modname == :gr
-    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = GRPackage()
-  elseif modname == :glvisualize
-    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = GLVisualizePackage()
-  else
-    error("Unknown backend $modname.  Choose from: $BACKENDS")
-  end
-
-  # update the symbol
-  CURRENT_BACKEND.sym = modname
-  # println("[Plots.jl] Switched to backend: ", modname)
-
-  # return the package
-  CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg
-end
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-
-
-function testplot_line1()
-  plot(rand(100,3))
-end
-
-function testplot_fn1()
-  plot(0:0.01:4π, [sin,cos])
-end
-
-function testplot_guides1()
-  plot(rand(10); title="TITLE", xlabel="XLABEL", ylabel="YLABEL", background_color=:red)
-end
-
-function testplot_points1()
-  plot(Vector[rand(10), rand(20)]; marker=:ellipse, markersize=8)
-end
-
-function testplot_points2()
-  plot(Vector[rand(10), rand(20)]; marker=:ellipse, markersize=8, markercolors=[:red,:blue])
-end
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+#TODO: download https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-latest.min.js to deps/ if it doesn't exist
+
+local_fn = joinpath(dirname(@__FILE__), "plotly-latest.min.js")
+if !isfile(local_fn)
+	info("Cannot find deps/plotly-latest.min.js... downloading latest version.")
+	download("https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-latest.min.js", local_fn)
+end
@@ -1,237 +1,309 @@
-
- __precompile__()
+__precompile__(true)

 module Plots

-using Compat
 using Reexport
-@reexport using Colors
+
+import StaticArrays
+using StaticArrays.FixedSizeArrays
+
+@reexport using RecipesBase
+import RecipesBase: plot, plot!, animate
+using Base.Meta
+@reexport using PlotUtils
+@reexport using PlotThemes
+import Showoff
+import StatsBase
+import JSON
+
 using Requires
-using FixedSizeArrays

 export
-  Plot,
-  Subplot,
-  SubplotLayout,
-  GridLayout,
-  FlexLayout,
-  AVec,
-  AMat,
+    grid,
+    bbox,
+    plotarea,
+    @layout,
+    KW,

-  plot,
-  plot!,
-  subplot,
-  subplot!,
+    wrap,
+    theme,

-  current,
-  default,
-  with,
-  
-  scatter,
-  scatter!,
-  bar,
-  bar!,
-  histogram,
-  histogram!,
-  density,
-  density!,
-  heatmap,
-  heatmap!,
-  hexbin,
-  hexbin!,
-  sticks,
-  sticks!,
-  hline,
-  hline!,
-  vline,
-  vline!,
-  ohlc,
-  ohlc!,
-  pie,
-  pie!,
-  contour,
-  contour!,
-  surface,
-  surface!,
-  wireframe,
-  wireframe!,
-  path3d,
-  path3d!,
-  plot3d,
-  plot3d!,
-  scatter3d,
-  scatter3d!,
-  abline!,
+    plot,
+    plot!,
+    attr!,

-  title!,
-  xlabel!,
-  ylabel!,
-  xlims!,
-  ylims!,
-  xticks!,
-  yticks!,
-  annotate!,
-  xflip!,
-  yflip!,
-  xaxis!,
-  yaxis!,
+    current,
+    default,
+    with,
+    twinx,

-  savefig,
-  png,
-  gui,
+    pie,
+    pie!,
+    plot3d,
+    plot3d!,

-  backend,
-  backends,
-  backend_name,
-  aliases,
-  dataframes,
+    title!,
+    xlabel!,
+    ylabel!,
+    xlims!,
+    ylims!,
+    zlims!,
+    xticks!,
+    yticks!,
+    annotate!,
+    xflip!,
+    yflip!,
+    xaxis!,
+    yaxis!,
+    xgrid!,
+    ygrid!,

-  Shape,
-  text,
-  font,
-  stroke,
-  brush,
-  Surface,
-  OHLC,
+    xlims,
+    ylims,
+    zlims,

-  colorscheme,
-  ColorScheme,
-  ColorGradient,
-  ColorVector,
-  ColorWrapper,
-  ColorFunction,
-  ColorZFunction,
-  getColor,
-  getColorZ,
+    savefig,
+    png,
+    gui,
+    inline,
+    closeall,

-  debugplots,
+    backend,
+    backends,
+    backend_name,
+    backend_object,
+    add_backend,
+    aliases,

-  supportedArgs,
-  supportedAxes,
-  supportedTypes,
-  supportedStyles,
-  supportedMarkers,
-  subplotSupported,
+    Shape,
+    text,
+    font,
+    stroke,
+    brush,
+    Surface,
+    OHLC,
+    arrow,
+    Segments,
+    Formatted,

-  Animation,
-  frame,
-  gif,
-  @animate,
-  @gif,
+    Animation,
+    frame,
+    gif,
+    mov,
+    mp4,
+    animate,
+    @animate,
+    @gif,

-  # recipes
-  PlotRecipe,
-  # EllipseRecipe,
-  # spy,
-  corrplot
+    test_examples,
+    iter_segments,
+    coords,
+
+    translate,
+    translate!,
+    rotate,
+    rotate!,
+    center,
+    P2,
+    P3,
+    BezierCurve,
+
+    plotattr
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+import NaNMath # define functions that ignores NaNs. To overcome the destructive effects of https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/pull/12563
+ignorenan_minimum(x::AbstractArray{F}) where {F<:AbstractFloat} = NaNMath.minimum(x)
+ignorenan_minimum(x) = Base.minimum(x)
+ignorenan_maximum(x::AbstractArray{F}) where {F<:AbstractFloat} = NaNMath.maximum(x)
+ignorenan_maximum(x) = Base.maximum(x)
+ignorenan_mean(x::AbstractArray{F}) where {F<:AbstractFloat} = NaNMath.mean(x)
+ignorenan_mean(x) = Base.mean(x)
+ignorenan_extrema(x::AbstractArray{F}) where {F<:AbstractFloat} = NaNMath.extrema(x)
+ignorenan_extrema(x) = Base.extrema(x)
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+# to cater for block matrices, Base.transpose is recursive.
+# This makes it impossible to create row vectors of String and Symbol with the transpose operator.
+# This solves this issue, internally in Plots at least.


+# commented out on the insistence of the METADATA maintainers
+
+#Base.transpose(x::Symbol) = x
+#Base.transpose(x::String) = x
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+import Measures
+module PlotMeasures
+import Measures
+import Measures: Length, AbsoluteLength, Measure, BoundingBox, mm, cm, inch, pt, width, height, w, h
+const BBox = Measures.Absolute2DBox
+
+# allow pixels and percentages
+const px = AbsoluteLength(0.254)
+const pct = Length{:pct, Float64}(1.0)
+export BBox, BoundingBox, mm, cm, inch, px, pct, pt, w, h
+end
+
+using .PlotMeasures
+import .PlotMeasures: Length, AbsoluteLength, Measure, width, height
 # ---------------------------------------------------------

 include("types.jl")
 include("utils.jl")
-include("colors.jl")
 include("components.jl")
-include("plotter2.jl")
+include("axes.jl")
 include("args.jl")
+include("themes.jl")
 include("plot.jl")
-include("subplot.jl")
+include("pipeline.jl")
+include("series.jl")
+include("layouts.jl")
+include("subplots.jl")
 include("recipes.jl")
 include("animation.jl")
+include("examples.jl")
+include("arg_desc.jl")
+include("plotattr.jl")
+include("backends.jl")
 include("output.jl")

-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------

-scatter(args...; kw...)    = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :scatter)
-scatter!(args...; kw...)   = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :scatter)
-bar(args...; kw...)        = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :bar)
-bar!(args...; kw...)       = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :bar)
-histogram(args...; kw...)  = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :hist)
-histogram!(args...; kw...) = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :hist)
-density(args...; kw...)    = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :density)
-density!(args...; kw...)   = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :density)
-heatmap(args...; kw...)    = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :heatmap)
-heatmap!(args...; kw...)   = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :heatmap)
-hexbin(args...; kw...)     = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :hexbin)
-hexbin!(args...; kw...)    = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :hexbin)
-sticks(args...; kw...)     = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :sticks, marker = :ellipse)
-sticks!(args...; kw...)    = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :sticks, marker = :ellipse)
-hline(args...; kw...)      = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :hline)
-hline!(args...; kw...)     = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :hline)
-vline(args...; kw...)      = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :vline)
-vline!(args...; kw...)     = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :vline)
-ohlc(args...; kw...)       = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :ohlc)
-ohlc!(args...; kw...)      = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :ohlc)
-pie(args...; kw...)        = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :pie)
-pie!(args...; kw...)       = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :pie)
-contour(args...; kw...)    = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :contour)
-contour!(args...; kw...)   = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :contour)
-surface(args...; kw...)    = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :surface)
-surface!(args...; kw...)   = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :surface)
-wireframe(args...; kw...)  = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :wireframe)
-wireframe!(args...; kw...) = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :wireframe)
-path3d(args...; kw...)     = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :path3d)
-path3d!(args...; kw...)    = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :path3d)
-plot3d(args...; kw...)     = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :path3d)
-plot3d!(args...; kw...)    = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :path3d)
-scatter3d(args...; kw...)  = plot(args...; kw...,  linetype = :scatter3d)
-scatter3d!(args...; kw...) = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :scatter3d)
+@shorthands scatter
+@shorthands bar
+@shorthands barh
+@shorthands histogram
+@shorthands barhist
+@shorthands stephist
+@shorthands scatterhist
+@shorthands histogram2d
+@shorthands density
+@shorthands heatmap
+@shorthands plots_heatmap
+@shorthands hexbin
+@shorthands sticks
+@shorthands hline
+@shorthands vline
+@shorthands hspan
+@shorthands vspan
+@shorthands ohlc
+@shorthands contour
+@shorthands contourf
+@shorthands contour3d
+@shorthands surface
+@shorthands wireframe
+@shorthands path3d
+@shorthands scatter3d
+@shorthands boxplot
+@shorthands violin
+@shorthands quiver
+@shorthands curves

+"Plot a pie diagram"
+pie(args...; kw...)        = plot(args...; kw...,  seriestype = :pie, aspect_ratio = :equal, grid=false, xticks=nothing, yticks=nothing)
+pie!(args...; kw...)       = plot!(args...; kw..., seriestype = :pie, aspect_ratio = :equal, grid=false, xticks=nothing, yticks=nothing)
+
+"Plot with seriestype :path3d"
+plot3d(args...; kw...)     = plot(args...; kw...,  seriestype = :path3d)
+plot3d!(args...; kw...)    = plot!(args...; kw..., seriestype = :path3d)
+
+"Add title to an existing plot"
+title!(s::AbstractString; kw...)                 = plot!(; title = s, kw...)
+
+"Add xlabel to an existing plot"
+xlabel!(s::AbstractString; kw...)                = plot!(; xlabel = s, kw...)
+
+"Add ylabel to an existing plot"
+ylabel!(s::AbstractString; kw...)                = plot!(; ylabel = s, kw...)
+
+"Set xlims for an existing plot"
+xlims!(lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:Real} = plot!(; xlims = lims, kw...)
+
+"Set ylims for an existing plot"
+ylims!(lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:Real} = plot!(; ylims = lims, kw...)
+
+"Set zlims for an existing plot"
+zlims!(lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:Real} = plot!(; zlims = lims, kw...)

-title!(s::@compat(AbstractString); kw...)                 = plot!(; title = s, kw...)
-xlabel!(s::@compat(AbstractString); kw...)                = plot!(; xlabel = s, kw...)
-ylabel!(s::@compat(AbstractString); kw...)                = plot!(; ylabel = s, kw...)
-xlims!{T<:Real,S<:Real}(lims::@compat(Tuple{T,S}); kw...) = plot!(; xlims = lims, kw...)
-ylims!{T<:Real,S<:Real}(lims::@compat(Tuple{T,S}); kw...) = plot!(; ylims = lims, kw...)
 xlims!(xmin::Real, xmax::Real; kw...)                     = plot!(; xlims = (xmin,xmax), kw...)
 ylims!(ymin::Real, ymax::Real; kw...)                     = plot!(; ylims = (ymin,ymax), kw...)
-xticks!{T<:Real}(v::AVec{T}; kw...)                       = plot!(; xticks = v, kw...)
-yticks!{T<:Real}(v::AVec{T}; kw...)                       = plot!(; yticks = v, kw...)
-xticks!{T<:Real,S<:@compat(AbstractString)}(
-              ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...)     = plot!(; xticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
-yticks!{T<:Real,S<:@compat(AbstractString)}(
-              ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...)     = plot!(; yticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
+zlims!(zmin::Real, zmax::Real; kw...)                     = plot!(; zlims = (zmin,zmax), kw...)
+
+
+"Set xticks for an existing plot"
+xticks!(v::AVec{T}; kw...) where {T<:Real}                       = plot!(; xticks = v, kw...)
+
+"Set yticks for an existing plot"
+yticks!(v::AVec{T}; kw...) where {T<:Real}                       = plot!(; yticks = v, kw...)
+
+xticks!(
+ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:AbstractString}     = plot!(; xticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
+yticks!(
+ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:AbstractString}     = plot!(; yticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
+
+"Add annotations to an existing plot"
 annotate!(anns...; kw...)                                 = plot!(; annotation = anns, kw...)
-annotate!{T<:Tuple}(anns::AVec{T}; kw...)                 = plot!(; annotation = anns, kw...)
+annotate!(anns::AVec{T}; kw...) where {T<:Tuple}                 = plot!(; annotation = anns, kw...)
+
+"Flip the current plots' x axis"
 xflip!(flip::Bool = true; kw...)                          = plot!(; xflip = flip, kw...)
+
+"Flip the current plots' y axis"
 yflip!(flip::Bool = true; kw...)                          = plot!(; yflip = flip, kw...)
+
+"Specify x axis attributes for an existing plot"
 xaxis!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; xaxis = args, kw...)
+
+"Specify x axis attributes for an existing plot"
 yaxis!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; yaxis = args, kw...)
+xgrid!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; xgrid = args, kw...)
+ygrid!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; ygrid = args, kw...)

-title!(plt::Plot, s::@compat(AbstractString); kw...)                  = plot!(plt; title = s, kw...)
-xlabel!(plt::Plot, s::@compat(AbstractString); kw...)                 = plot!(plt; xlabel = s, kw...)
-ylabel!(plt::Plot, s::@compat(AbstractString); kw...)                 = plot!(plt; ylabel = s, kw...)
-xlims!{T<:Real,S<:Real}(plt::Plot, lims::@compat(Tuple{T,S}); kw...)  = plot!(plt; xlims = lims, kw...)
-ylims!{T<:Real,S<:Real}(plt::Plot, lims::@compat(Tuple{T,S}); kw...)  = plot!(plt; ylims = lims, kw...)
-xlims!(plt::Plot, xmin::Real, xmax::Real; kw...)                      = plot!(plt; xlims = (xmin,xmax), kw...)
-ylims!(plt::Plot, ymin::Real, ymax::Real; kw...)                      = plot!(plt; ylims = (ymin,ymax), kw...)
-xticks!{T<:Real}(plt::Plot, ticks::AVec{T}; kw...)                    = plot!(plt; xticks = ticks, kw...)
-yticks!{T<:Real}(plt::Plot, ticks::AVec{T}; kw...)                    = plot!(plt; yticks = ticks, kw...)
-xticks!{T<:Real,S<:@compat(AbstractString)}(plt::Plot,
-                          ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...)     = plot!(plt; xticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
-yticks!{T<:Real,S<:@compat(AbstractString)}(plt::Plot,
-                          ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...)     = plot!(plt; yticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
-annotate!(plt::Plot, anns...; kw...)                                  = plot!(plt; annotation = anns, kw...)
-annotate!{T<:Tuple}(plt::Plot, anns::AVec{T}; kw...)                  = plot!(plt; annotation = anns, kw...)
-xflip!(plt::Plot, flip::Bool = true; kw...)                           = plot!(plt; xflip = flip, kw...)
-yflip!(plt::Plot, flip::Bool = true; kw...)                           = plot!(plt; yflip = flip, kw...)
-xaxis!(plt::Plot, args...; kw...)                                     = plot!(plt; xaxis = args, kw...)
-yaxis!(plt::Plot, args...; kw...)                                     = plot!(plt; yaxis = args, kw...)
-
+let PlotOrSubplot = Union{Plot, Subplot}
+    title!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, s::AbstractString; kw...)                  = plot!(plt; title = s, kw...)
+    xlabel!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, s::AbstractString; kw...)                 = plot!(plt; xlabel = s, kw...)
+    ylabel!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, s::AbstractString; kw...)                 = plot!(plt; ylabel = s, kw...)
+    xlims!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:Real}  = plot!(plt; xlims = lims, kw...)
+    ylims!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:Real}  = plot!(plt; ylims = lims, kw...)
+    zlims!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:Real}  = plot!(plt; zlims = lims, kw...)
+    xlims!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, xmin::Real, xmax::Real; kw...)             = plot!(plt; xlims = (xmin,xmax), kw...)
+    ylims!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, ymin::Real, ymax::Real; kw...)             = plot!(plt; ylims = (ymin,ymax), kw...)
+    zlims!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, zmin::Real, zmax::Real; kw...)             = plot!(plt; zlims = (zmin,zmax), kw...)
+    xticks!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, ticks::AVec{T}; kw...) where {T<:Real}           = plot!(plt; xticks = ticks, kw...)
+    yticks!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, ticks::AVec{T}; kw...) where {T<:Real}           = plot!(plt; yticks = ticks, kw...)
+    xticks!(plt::PlotOrSubplot,
+   ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:AbstractString}     = plot!(plt; xticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
+    yticks!(plt::PlotOrSubplot,
+   ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:AbstractString}     = plot!(plt; yticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
+    xgrid!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, args...; kw...)                  = plot!(plt; xgrid = args, kw...)
+    ygrid!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, args...; kw...)                  = plot!(plt; ygrid = args, kw...)
+    annotate!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, anns...; kw...)                         = plot!(plt; annotation = anns, kw...)
+    annotate!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, anns::AVec{T}; kw...) where {T<:Tuple}         = plot!(plt; annotation = anns, kw...)
+    xflip!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, flip::Bool = true; kw...)                  = plot!(plt; xflip = flip, kw...)
+    yflip!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, flip::Bool = true; kw...)                  = plot!(plt; yflip = flip, kw...)
+    xaxis!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, args...; kw...)                            = plot!(plt; xaxis = args, kw...)
+    yaxis!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, args...; kw...)                            = plot!(plt; yaxis = args, kw...)
+end


 # ---------------------------------------------------------

 const CURRENT_BACKEND = CurrentBackend(:none)

-function __init__()
-
-  # override IJulia inline display
-  if isijulia()
-    @eval import IJulia
-    IJulia.display_dict(plt::PlottingObject) = Dict{ASCIIString, ByteString}("text/html" => sprint(writemime, "text/html", plt))
-  end
+# for compatibility with Requires.jl:
+@init begin
+    if isdefined(Main, :PLOTS_DEFAULTS)
+        if haskey(Main.PLOTS_DEFAULTS, :theme)
+            theme(Main.PLOTS_DEFAULTS[:theme])
+        end
+        for (k,v) in Main.PLOTS_DEFAULTS
+            k == :theme || default(k, v)
+        end
+    end
 end

 # ---------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1,55 +1,108 @@
-
-immutable Animation
-  dir::ASCIIString
-  frames::Vector{ASCIIString}
+"Represents an animation object"
+struct Animation
+    dir::String
+    frames::Vector{String}
 end

 function Animation()
-  tmpdir = convert(ASCIIString, mktempdir())
-  Animation(tmpdir, ASCIIString[])
+    tmpdir = convert(String, mktempdir())
+    Animation(tmpdir, String[])
 end

-function frame{P<:PlottingObject}(anim::Animation, plt::P=current())
-  i = length(anim.frames) + 1
-  filename = @sprintf("%06d.png", i)
-  png(plt, joinpath(anim.dir, filename))
-  push!(anim.frames, filename)
+"""
+    frame(animation[, plot])
+
+Add a plot (the current plot if not specified) to an existing animation
+"""
+function frame(anim::Animation, plt::P=current()) where P<:AbstractPlot
+    i = length(anim.frames) + 1
+    filename = @sprintf("%06d.png", i)
+    png(plt, joinpath(anim.dir, filename))
+    push!(anim.frames, filename)
 end

+giffn() = (isijulia() ? "tmp.gif" : tempname()*".gif")
+movfn() = (isijulia() ? "tmp.mov" : tempname()*".mov")
+mp4fn() = (isijulia() ? "tmp.mp4" : tempname()*".mp4")
+
+mutable struct FrameIterator
+    itr
+    every::Int
+    kw
+end
+FrameIterator(itr; every=1, kw...) = FrameIterator(itr, every, kw)
+
+"""
+Animate from an iterator which returns the plot args each iteration.
+"""
+function animate(fitr::FrameIterator, fn = giffn(); kw...)
+    anim = Animation()
+    for (i, plotargs) in enumerate(fitr.itr)
+        if mod1(i, fitr.every) == 1
+            plot(wraptuple(plotargs)...; fitr.kw...)
+            frame(anim)
+        end
+    end
+    gif(anim, fn; kw...)
+end
+
+# most things will implement this
+function animate(obj, fn = giffn(); every=1, fps=20, loop=0, kw...)
+    animate(FrameIterator(obj, every, kw), fn; fps=fps, loop=loop)
+end

 # -----------------------------------------------

 "Wraps the location of an animated gif so that it can be displayed"
-immutable AnimatedGif
-  filename::ASCIIString
+struct AnimatedGif
+    filename::String
 end

-function gif(anim::Animation, fn::@compat(AbstractString) = "tmp.gif"; fps::Integer = 20)
-  fn = abspath(fn)
+file_extension(fn) = Base.Filesystem.splitext(fn)[2][2:end]

-  try
+gif(anim::Animation, fn = giffn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim.dir, fn; kw...)
+mov(anim::Animation, fn = movfn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim.dir, fn, false; kw...)
+mp4(anim::Animation, fn = mp4fn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim.dir, fn, false; kw...)

-    # high quality
-    speed = round(Int, 100 / fps)
-    run(`convert -delay $speed -loop 0 $(anim.dir)/*.png -alpha off $fn`)

-  catch err
-    warn("Tried to create gif using convert (ImageMagick), but got error: $err\nWill try ffmpeg, but it's lower quality...)")
+function buildanimation(animdir::AbstractString, fn::AbstractString,
+                        is_animated_gif::Bool=true;
+                        fps::Integer = 20, loop::Integer = 0,
+                        variable_palette::Bool=false,
+                        show_msg::Bool=true)
+    fn = abspath(fn)

-    # low quality
-    run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -framerate $fps -i $(anim.dir)/%06d.png -y $fn`)
-    # run(`ffmpeg -v warning -i  "fps=$fps,scale=320:-1:flags=lanczos"`)
-  end
+    if is_animated_gif
+        if variable_palette
+            # generate a colorpalette for each frame for highest quality, but larger filesize
+            palette="palettegen=stats_mode=single[pal],[0:v][pal]paletteuse=new=1"
+            run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -framerate $fps -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -lavfi "$palette" -y $fn`)
+        else
+            # generate a colorpalette first so ffmpeg does not have to guess it
+            run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -vf "palettegen=stats_mode=diff" -y "$(animdir)/palette.bmp"`)
+            # then apply the palette to get better results
+            run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -framerate $fps -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -i "$(animdir)/palette.bmp" -lavfi "paletteuse=dither=sierra2_4a" -y $fn`)
+        end
+    else
+        run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -framerate $fps -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -pix_fmt yuv420p -y $fn`)
+    end

-  info("Saved animation to ", fn)
-  AnimatedGif(fn)
+    show_msg && info("Saved animation to ", fn)
+    AnimatedGif(fn)
 end



 # write out html to view the gif... note the rand call which is a hack so the image doesn't get cached
-function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", agif::AnimatedGif)
-  write(io, "<img src=\"$(relpath(agif.filename))?$(rand())>\" />")
+function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", agif::AnimatedGif)
+    ext = file_extension(agif.filename)
+    write(io, if ext == "gif"
+        "<img src=\"$(relpath(agif.filename))?$(rand())>\" />"
+    elseif ext in ("mov", "mp4")
+        "<video controls><source src=\"$(relpath(agif.filename))?$(rand())>\" type=\"video/$ext\"></video>"
+    else
+        error("Cannot show animation with extension $ext: $agif")
+    end)
 end


@@ -63,6 +116,7 @@ function _animate(forloop::Expr, args...; callgif = false)
  # add the call to frame to the end of each iteration
  animsym = gensym("anim")
  countersym = gensym("counter")
+  freqassert = :()
  block = forloop.args[2]

  # create filter
@@ -75,7 +129,7 @@ function _animate(forloop::Expr, args...; callgif = false)
    # filter every `freq` frames (starting with the first frame)
    @assert n == 2
    freq = args[2]
-    @assert isa(freq, Integer) && freq > 0
+    freqassert = :(@assert isa($freq, Integer) && $freq > 0)
    :(mod1($countersym, $freq) == 1)

  elseif args[1] == :when
@@ -95,6 +149,7 @@ function _animate(forloop::Expr, args...; callgif = false)

  # full expression:
  esc(quote
+    $freqassert             # if filtering, check frequency is an Integer > 0
    $animsym = Animation()  # init animation object
    $countersym = 1         # init iteration counter
    $forloop                # for loop, saving a frame after each iteration
@@ -115,7 +170,7 @@ Example:
 ```
 """
 macro gif(forloop::Expr, args...)
-  _animate(forloop, args...; callgif = true)
+    _animate(forloop, args...; callgif = true)
 end

 """
@@ -124,13 +179,13 @@ Collect one frame per for-block iteration and return an `Animation` object.
 Example:

 ```
-  p = plot(1)
-  anim = @animate for x=0:0.1:5
+p = plot(1)
+anim = @animate for x=0:0.1:5
    push!(p, 1, sin(x))
-  end
-  gif(anim)
+end
+gif(anim)
 ```
 """
 macro animate(forloop::Expr, args...)
-  _animate(forloop, args...)
+    _animate(forloop, args...)
 end
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+
+const _arg_desc = KW(
+
+# series args
+:label 				=> "String type. The label for a series, which appears in a legend.  If empty, no legend entry is added.",
+:seriescolor 		=> "Color Type. The base color for this series.  `:auto` (the default) will select a color from the subplot's `color_palette`, based on the order it was added to the subplot",
+:seriesalpha 		=> "Number in [0,1]. The alpha/opacity override for the series.  `nothing` (the default) means it will take the alpha value of the color.",
+:seriestype 		=> "Symbol. This is the identifier of the type of visualization for this series. Choose from $(_allTypes) or any series recipes which are defined.",
+:linestyle 			=> "Symbol. Style of the line (for path and bar stroke).  Choose from $(_allStyles)",
+:linewidth         	=> "Number. Width of the line (in pixels)",
+:linecolor         	=> "Color Type. Color of the line (for path and bar stroke).  `:match` will take the value from `:seriescolor`, (though histogram/bar types use `:black` as a default).",
+:linealpha         	=> "Number in [0,1]. The alpha/opacity override for the line.  `nothing` (the default) means it will take the alpha value of linecolor.",
+:fillrange         	=> "Number or AbstractVector.  Fills area from this to y for line-types, sets the base for bar/stick types, and similar for other types.",
+:fillcolor         	=> "Color Type. Color of the filled area of path or bar types.  `:match` will take the value from `:seriescolor`.",
+:fillalpha         	=> "Number in [0,1]. The alpha/opacity override for the fill area.  `nothing` (the default) means it will take the alpha value of fillcolor.",
+:markershape       	=> "Symbol, Shape, or AbstractVector. Choose from $(_allMarkers).",
+:markercolor       	=> "Color Type. Color of the interior of the marker or shape. `:match` will take the value from `:seriescolor`.",
+:markeralpha       	=> "Number in [0,1]. The alpha/opacity override for the marker interior.  `nothing` (the default) means it will take the alpha value of markercolor.",
+:markersize        	=> "Number or AbstractVector. Size (radius pixels) of the markers.",
+:markerstrokestyle 	=> "Symbol. Style of the marker stroke (border).  Choose from $(_allStyles)",
+:markerstrokewidth 	=> "Number. Width of the marker stroke (border. in pixels)",
+:markerstrokecolor 	=> "Color Type. Color of the marker stroke (border).  `:match` will take the value from `:foreground_color_subplot`.",
+:markerstrokealpha 	=> "Number in [0,1]. The alpha/opacity override for the marker stroke (border).  `nothing` (the default) means it will take the alpha value of markerstrokecolor.",
+:bins              	=> "Integer, NTuple{2,Integer}, AbstractVector or Symbol. Default is :auto (the Freedman-Diaconis rule). For histogram-types, defines the approximate number of bins to aim for, or the auto-binning algorithm to use (:sturges, :sqrt, :rice, :scott or :fd). For fine-grained control pass a Vector of break values, e.g. `linspace(extrema(x)..., 25)`",
+:smooth            	=> "Bool.  Add a regression line?",
+:group             	=> "AbstractVector. Data is split into a separate series, one for each unique value in `group`.",
+:x                 	=> "Various. Input data. First Dimension",
+:y                 	=> "Various. Input data. Second Dimension",
+:z                 	=> "Various. Input data. Third Dimension. May be wrapped by a `Surface` for surface and heatmap types.",
+:marker_z          	=> "AbstractVector, Function `f(x,y,z) -> z_value`, or nothing. z-values for each series data point, which correspond to the color to be used from a markercolor gradient.",
+:line_z          	=> "AbstractVector, Function `f(x,y,z) -> z_value`, or nothing. z-values for each series line segment, which correspond to the color to be used from a linecolor gradient.  Note that for N points, only the first N-1 values are used (one per line-segment).",
+:fill_z           => "Matrix{Float64} of the same size as z matrix, which specifies the color of the 3D surface; the default value is `nothing`.",
+:levels            	=> "Integer, NTuple{2,Integer}. Number of levels (or x-levels/y-levels) for a contour type.",
+:orientation       	=> "Symbol.  Horizontal or vertical orientation for bar types.  Values `:h`, `:hor`, `:horizontal` correspond to horizontal (sideways, anchored to y-axis), and `:v`, `:vert`, and `:vertical` correspond to vertical (the default).",
+:bar_position      	=> "Symbol.  Choose from `:overlay` (default), `:stack`.  (warning: May not be implemented fully)",
+:bar_width         	=> "nothing or Number. Width of bars in data coordinates. When nothing, chooses based on x (or y when `orientation = :h`).",
+:bar_edges         	=> "Bool.  Align bars to edges (true), or centers (the default)?",
+:xerror            	=> "AbstractVector or 2-Tuple of Vectors. x (horizontal) error relative to x-value.  If 2-tuple of vectors, the first vector corresponds to the left error (and the second to the right)",
+:yerror            	=> "AbstractVector or 2-Tuple of Vectors. y (vertical) error relative to y-value.  If 2-tuple of vectors, the first vector corresponds to the bottom error (and the second to the top)",
+:ribbon            	=> "Number or AbstractVector.  Creates a fillrange around the data points.",
+:quiver            	=> "AbstractVector or 2-Tuple of vectors.  The directional vectors U,V which specify velocity/gradient vectors for a quiver plot.",
+:arrow             	=> "nothing (no arrows), Bool (if true, default arrows), Arrow object, or arg(s) that could be style or head length/widths.  Defines arrowheads that should be displayed at the end of path line segments (just before a NaN and the last non-NaN point).  Used in quiverplot, streamplot, or similar.",
+:normalize         	=> "Bool or Symbol. Histogram normalization mode. Possible values are: false/:none (no normalization, default), true/:pdf (normalize to a discrete Probability Density Function, where the total area of the bins is 1), :probability (bin heights sum to 1) and :density (the area of each bin, rather than the height, is equal to the counts - useful for uneven bin sizes).",
+:weights           	=> "AbstractVector. Used in histogram types for weighted counts.",
+:contours          	=> "Bool. Add contours to the side-grids of 3D plots?  Used in surface/wireframe.",
+:contour_labels     => "Bool. Show labels at the contour lines?",
+:match_dimensions  	=> "Bool. For heatmap types... should the first dimension of a matrix (rows) correspond to the first dimension of the plot (x-axis)?  The default is false, which matches the behavior of Matplotlib, Plotly, and others.  Note: when passing a function for z, the function should still map `(x,y) -> z`.",
+:subplot           	=> "Integer (subplot index) or Subplot object.  The subplot that this series belongs to.",
+:series_annotations => "AbstractVector of String or PlotText.  These are annotations which are mapped to data points/positions.",
+:primary            => "Bool.  Does this count as a 'real series'?  For example, you could have a path (primary), and a scatter (secondary) as 2 separate series, maybe with different data (see sticks recipe for an example).  The secondary series will get the same color, etc as the primary.",
+:hover 				=> "nothing or vector of strings. Text to display when hovering over each data point.",
+
+# plot args
+:plot_title               => "String. Title for the whole plot (not the subplots) (Note: Not currently implemented)",
+:background_color         => "Color Type.  Base color for all backgrounds.",
+:background_color_outside => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:background_color`).  Color outside the plot area(s)",
+:foreground_color         => "Color Type.  Base color for all foregrounds.",
+:size                     => "NTuple{2,Int}. (width_px, height_px) of the whole Plot",
+:pos                      => "NTuple{2,Int}. (left_px, top_px) position of the GUI window (note: currently unimplemented)",
+:window_title             => "String. Title of the window.",
+:show                     => "Bool.  Should this command open/refresh a GUI/display?  This allows displaying in scripts or functions without explicitly calling `display`",
+:layout                   => "Integer (number of subplots), NTuple{2,Integer} (grid dimensions), AbstractLayout (for example `grid(2,2)`), or the return from the `@layout` macro.  This builds the layout of subplots.",
+:link                     => "Symbol.  How/whether to link axis limits between subplots. Values: `:none`, `:x` (x axes are linked by columns), `:y` (y axes are linked by rows), `:both` (x and y are linked), `:all` (every subplot is linked together regardless of layout position).",
+:overwrite_figure         => "Bool.  Should we reuse the same GUI window/figure when plotting (true) or open a new one (false).",
+:html_output_format       => "Symbol.  When writing html output, what is the format?  `:png` and `:svg` are currently supported.",
+:inset_subplots 		  => "nothing or vector of 2-tuple (parent,bbox).  optionally pass a vector of (parent,bbox) tuples which are the parent layout and the relative bounding box of inset subplots",
+:dpi 					  => "Number.  Dots Per Inch of output figures",
+:thickness_scaling        => "Number. Scale for the thickness of all line elements like lines, borders, axes, grid lines, ... defaults to 1.",
+:display_type 			  => "Symbol (`:auto`, `:gui`, or `:inline`).  When supported, `display` will either open a GUI window or plot inline.",
+:extra_kwargs 			  => "KW (Dict{Symbol,Any}).  Pass a map of extra keyword args which may be specific to a backend.",
+:fontfamily               => "String or Symbol.  Default font family for title, legend entries, tick labels and guides",
+
+# subplot args
+:title                    => "String. Subplot title.",
+:title_location           => "Symbol. Position of subplot title. Values: `:left`, `:center`, `:right`",
+:titlefontfamily          => "String or Symbol. Font family of subplot title.",
+:titlefontsize            => "Integer. Font pointsize of subplot title.",
+:titlefonthalign          => "Symbol. Font horizontal alignment of subplot title: :hcenter, :left, :right or :center",
+:titlefontvalign          => "Symbol. Font vertical alignment of subplot title: :vcenter, :top, :bottom or :center",
+:titlefontrotation        => "Real. Font rotation of subplot title",
+:titlefontcolor           => "Color Type. Font color of subplot title",
+:background_color_subplot => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:background_color`).  Base background color of the subplot.",
+:background_color_legend  => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:background_color_subplot`).  Background color of the legend.",
+:background_color_inside  => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:background_color_subplot`).  Background color inside the plot area (under the grid).",
+:foreground_color_subplot => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:foreground_color`).  Base foreground color of the subplot.",
+:foreground_color_legend  => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:foreground_color_subplot`).  Foreground color of the legend.",
+:foreground_color_title   => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:foreground_color_subplot`). Color of subplot title.",
+:color_palette            => "Vector of colors (cycle through) or color gradient (generate list from gradient) or `:auto` (generate a color list using `Colors.distiguishable_colors` and custom seed colors chosen to contrast with the background).  The color palette is a color list from which series colors are automatically chosen.",
+:legend                   => "Bool (show the legend?) or Symbol (legend position).  Symbol values: `:none`, `:best`, `:right`, `:left`, `:top`, `:bottom`, `:inside`, `:legend`, `:topright`, `:topleft`, `:bottomleft`, `:bottomright` (note: only some may be supported in each backend)",
+:legendfontfamily         => "String or Symbol. Font family of legend entries.",
+:legendfontsize           => "Integer. Font pointsize of legend entries.",
+:legendfonthalign         => "Symbol. Font horizontal alignment of legend entries: :hcenter, :left, :right or :center",
+:legendfontvalign         => "Symbol. Font vertical alignment of legend entries: :vcenter, :top, :bottom or :center",
+:legendfontrotation       => "Real. Font rotation of legend entries",
+:legendfontcolor          => "Color Type. Font color of legend entries",
+:colorbar                 => "Bool (show the colorbar?) or Symbol (colorbar position).  Symbol values: `:none`, `:best`, `:right`, `:left`, `:top`, `:bottom`, `:legend` (matches legend value) (note: only some may be supported in each backend)",
+:clims 					  => "`:auto` or NTuple{2,Number}.  Fixes the limits of the colorbar.",
+:legendfont               => "Font. Font of legend items.",
+:annotations              => "(x,y,text) tuple(s).  Can be a single tuple or a list of them.  Text can be String or PlotText (created with `text(args...)`)  Add one-off text annotations at the x,y coordinates.",
+:projection               => "Symbol or String.  '3d' or 'polar'",
+:aspect_ratio             => "Symbol (:equal) or Number. Plot area is resized so that 1 y-unit is the same size as `apect_ratio` x-units.",
+:margin                   => "Measure (multiply by `mm`, `px`, etc). Base for individual margins... not directly used.  Specifies the extra padding around subplots.",
+:left_margin              => "Measure (multiply by `mm`, `px`, etc) or `:match` (matches `:margin`).  Specifies the extra padding to the left of the subplot.",
+:top_margin               => "Measure (multiply by `mm`, `px`, etc) or `:match` (matches `:margin`).  Specifies the extra padding on the top of the subplot.",
+:right_margin             => "Measure (multiply by `mm`, `px`, etc) or `:match` (matches `:margin`).  Specifies the extra padding to the right of the subplot.",
+:bottom_margin            => "Measure (multiply by `mm`, `px`, etc) or `:match` (matches `:margin`).  Specifies the extra padding on the bottom of the subplot.",
+:subplot_index            => "Integer.  Internal (not set by user).  Specifies the index of this subplot in the Plot's `plt.subplot` list.",
+:colorbar_title           => "String.  Title of colorbar.",
+:framestyle               => "Symbol.  Style of the axes frame. Choose from $(_allFramestyles)",
+:camera                   => "NTuple{2, Real}. Sets the view angle (azimuthal, elevation) for 3D plots",
+
+# axis args
+:guide     				  => "String. Axis guide (label).",
+:lims      				  => "NTuple{2,Number} or Symbol. Force axis limits.  Only finite values are used (you can set only the right limit with `xlims = (-Inf, 2)` for example). `:round` widens the limit to the nearest round number ie. [0.1,3.6]=>[0.0,4.0]",
+:ticks     				  => "Vector of numbers (set the tick values), Tuple of (tickvalues, ticklabels), or `:auto`",
+:scale     				  => "Symbol. Scale of the axis: `:none`, `:ln`, `:log2`, `:log10`",
+:rotation  				  => "Number. Degrees rotation of tick labels.",
+:flip      				  => "Bool.  Should we flip (reverse) the axis?",
+:formatter 				  => "Function, :scientific, or :auto. A method which converts a number to a string for tick labeling.",
+:tickfontfamily           => "String or Symbol. Font family of tick labels.",
+:tickfontsize             => "Integer. Font pointsize of tick labels.",
+:tickfonthalign           => "Symbol. Font horizontal alignment of tick labels: :hcenter, :left, :right or :center",
+:tickfontvalign           => "Symbol. Font vertical alignment of tick labels: :vcenter, :top, :bottom or :center",
+:tickfontrotation         => "Real. Font rotation of tick labels",
+:tickfontcolor            => "Color Type. Font color of tick labels",
+:guidefontfamily          => "String or Symbol. Font family of axes guides.",
+:guidefontsize            => "Integer. Font pointsize of axes guides.",
+:guidefonthalign          => "Symbol. Font horizontal alignment of axes guides: :hcenter, :left, :right or :center",
+:guidefontvalign          => "Symbol. Font vertical alignment of axes guides: :vcenter, :top, :bottom or :center",
+:guidefontrotation        => "Real. Font rotation of axes guides",
+:guidefontcolor           => "Color Type. Font color of axes guides",
+:foreground_color_axis    => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:foreground_color_subplot`). Color of axis ticks.",
+:foreground_color_border  => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:foreground_color_subplot`). Color of plot area border (spines).",
+:foreground_color_text    => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:foreground_color_subplot`). Color of tick labels.",
+:foreground_color_guide   => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:foreground_color_subplot`). Color of axis guides (axis labels).",
+:mirror                   => "Bool.  Switch the side of the tick labels (right or top).",
+:grid                     => "Bool, Symbol, String or `nothing`. Show the grid lines? `true`, `false`, `:show`, `:hide`, `:yes`, `:no`, `:x`, `:y`, `:z`, `:xy`, ..., `:all`, `:none`, `:off`",
+:foreground_color_grid    => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:foreground_color_subplot`). Color of grid lines.",
+:gridalpha                => "Number in [0,1]. The alpha/opacity override for the grid lines.",
+:gridstyle                => "Symbol. Style of the grid lines. Choose from $(_allStyles)",
+:gridlinewidth            => "Number. Width of the grid lines (in pixels)",
+:tick_direction           => "Symbol.  Direction of the ticks. `:in` or `:out`",
+:showaxis                 => "Bool, Symbol or String.  Show the axis. `true`, `false`, `:show`, `:hide`, `:yes`, `:no`, `:x`, `:y`, `:z`, `:xy`, ..., `:all`, `:off`",
+:widen                    => "Bool. Widen the axis limits by a small factor to avoid cut-off markers and lines at the borders. Defaults to `true`.",
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,655 @@
+
+
+# xaxis(args...; kw...) = Axis(:x, args...; kw...)
+# yaxis(args...; kw...) = Axis(:y, args...; kw...)
+# zaxis(args...; kw...) = Axis(:z, args...; kw...)
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function Axis(sp::Subplot, letter::Symbol, args...; kw...)
+    # init with values from _plot_defaults
+    d = KW(
+        :letter => letter,
+        # :extrema => (Inf, -Inf),
+        :extrema => Extrema(),
+        :discrete_map => Dict(),   # map discrete values to discrete indices
+        :continuous_values => zeros(0),
+        :use_minor => false,
+        :show => true,  # show or hide the axis? (useful for linked subplots)
+    )
+
+    # get defaults from letter version, unless match
+    for (k,v) in _axis_defaults
+        lk = Symbol(letter, k)
+        lv = _axis_defaults_byletter[lk]
+        d[k] = (lv == :match ? v : lv)
+    end
+
+    # merge!(d, _axis_defaults)
+    d[:discrete_values] = []
+
+    # update the defaults
+    attr!(Axis([sp], d), args...; kw...)
+end
+
+function get_axis(sp::Subplot, letter::Symbol)
+    axissym = Symbol(letter, :axis)
+    if haskey(sp.attr, axissym)
+        sp.attr[axissym]
+    else
+        sp.attr[axissym] = Axis(sp, letter)
+    end::Axis
+end
+
+function process_axis_arg!(d::KW, arg, letter = "")
+    T = typeof(arg)
+    arg = get(_scaleAliases, arg, arg)
+
+    if typeof(arg) <: Font
+        d[Symbol(letter,:tickfont)] = arg
+        d[Symbol(letter,:guidefont)] = arg
+
+    elseif arg in _allScales
+        d[Symbol(letter,:scale)] = arg
+
+    elseif arg in (:flip, :invert, :inverted)
+        d[Symbol(letter,:flip)] = true
+
+    elseif T <: AbstractString
+        d[Symbol(letter,:guide)] = arg
+
+    # xlims/ylims
+    elseif (T <: Tuple || T <: AVec) && length(arg) == 2
+        sym = typeof(arg[1]) <: Number ? :lims : :ticks
+        d[Symbol(letter,sym)] = arg
+
+    # xticks/yticks
+    elseif T <: AVec
+        d[Symbol(letter,:ticks)] = arg
+
+    elseif arg == nothing
+        d[Symbol(letter,:ticks)] = []
+
+    elseif T <: Bool || arg in _allShowaxisArgs
+        d[Symbol(letter,:showaxis)] = showaxis(arg, letter)
+
+    elseif typeof(arg) <: Number
+        d[Symbol(letter,:rotation)] = arg
+
+    elseif typeof(arg) <: Function
+        d[Symbol(letter,:formatter)] = arg
+
+    elseif !handleColors!(d, arg, Symbol(letter, :foreground_color_axis))
+        warn("Skipped $(letter)axis arg $arg")
+
+    end
+end
+
+# update an Axis object with magic args and keywords
+function attr!(axis::Axis, args...; kw...)
+    # first process args
+    d = axis.d
+    for arg in args
+        process_axis_arg!(d, arg)
+    end
+
+    # then override for any keywords... only those keywords that already exists in d
+    for (k,v) in kw
+        if haskey(d, k)
+            if k == :discrete_values
+                # add these discrete values to the axis
+                for vi in v
+                    discrete_value!(axis, vi)
+                end
+            else
+                d[k] = v
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    # replace scale aliases
+    if haskey(_scaleAliases, d[:scale])
+        d[:scale] = _scaleAliases[d[:scale]]
+    end
+
+    axis
+end
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Base.show(io::IO, axis::Axis) = dumpdict(axis.d, "Axis", true)
+# Base.getindex(axis::Axis, k::Symbol) = getindex(axis.d, k)
+Base.setindex!(axis::Axis, v, ks::Symbol...) = setindex!(axis.d, v, ks...)
+Base.haskey(axis::Axis, k::Symbol) = haskey(axis.d, k)
+ignorenan_extrema(axis::Axis) = (ex = axis[:extrema]; (ex.emin, ex.emax))
+
+
+const _scale_funcs = Dict{Symbol,Function}(
+    :log10 => log10,
+    :log2 => log2,
+    :ln => log,
+)
+const _inv_scale_funcs = Dict{Symbol,Function}(
+    :log10 => exp10,
+    :log2 => exp2,
+    :ln => exp,
+)
+
+# const _label_func = Dict{Symbol,Function}(
+#     :log10 => x -> "10^$x",
+#     :log2 => x -> "2^$x",
+#     :ln => x -> "e^$x",
+# )
+
+const _label_func = Dict{Symbol,Function}(
+    :log10 => x -> "10^$x",
+    :log2 => x -> "2^$x",
+    :ln => x -> "e^$x",
+)
+
+
+scalefunc(scale::Symbol) = x -> get(_scale_funcs, scale, identity)(Float64(x))
+invscalefunc(scale::Symbol) = x -> get(_inv_scale_funcs, scale, identity)(Float64(x))
+labelfunc(scale::Symbol, backend::AbstractBackend) = get(_label_func, scale, string)
+
+function optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis::Axis, ticks = nothing)
+    amin,amax = axis_limits(axis)
+
+    # scale the limits
+    scale = axis[:scale]
+    sf = scalefunc(scale)
+
+    # If the axis input was a Date or DateTime use a special logic to find
+    # "round" Date(Time)s as ticks
+    # This bypasses the rest of optimal_ticks_and_labels, because
+    # optimize_datetime_ticks returns ticks AND labels: the label format (Date
+    # or DateTime) is chosen based on the time span between amin and amax
+    # rather than on the input format
+    # TODO: maybe: non-trivial scale (:ln, :log2, :log10) for date/datetime
+    if ticks == nothing && scale == :identity
+        if axis[:formatter] == dateformatter
+            # optimize_datetime_ticks returns ticks and labels(!) based on
+            # integers/floats corresponding to the DateTime type. Thus, the axes
+            # limits, which resulted from converting the Date type to integers,
+            # are converted to 'DateTime integers' (actually floats) before
+            # being passed to optimize_datetime_ticks.
+            # (convert(Int, convert(DateTime, convert(Date, i))) == 87600000*i)
+            ticks, labels = optimize_datetime_ticks(864e5 * amin, 864e5 * amax;
+                k_min = 2, k_max = 4)
+            # Now the ticks are converted back to floats corresponding to Dates.
+            return ticks / 864e5, labels
+        elseif axis[:formatter] == datetimeformatter
+            return optimize_datetime_ticks(amin, amax; k_min = 2, k_max = 4)
+        end
+    end
+
+    # get a list of well-laid-out ticks
+    if ticks == nothing
+        scaled_ticks = optimize_ticks(
+            sf(amin),
+            sf(amax);
+            k_min = 4, # minimum number of ticks
+            k_max = 8, # maximum number of ticks
+        )[1]
+    elseif typeof(ticks) <: Int
+        scaled_ticks, viewmin, viewmax = optimize_ticks(
+            sf(amin),
+            sf(amax);
+            k_min = ticks, # minimum number of ticks
+            k_max = ticks, # maximum number of ticks
+            k_ideal = ticks,
+            # `strict_span = false` rewards cases where the span of the
+            # chosen  ticks is not too much bigger than amin - amax:
+            strict_span = false,
+        )
+        axis[:lims] = map(invscalefunc(scale), (viewmin, viewmax))
+    else
+        scaled_ticks = map(sf, (filter(t -> amin <= t <= amax, ticks)))
+    end
+    unscaled_ticks = map(invscalefunc(scale), scaled_ticks)
+
+    labels = if any(isfinite, unscaled_ticks)
+        formatter = axis[:formatter]
+        if formatter == :auto
+            # the default behavior is to make strings of the scaled values and then apply the labelfunc
+            map(labelfunc(scale, backend()), Showoff.showoff(scaled_ticks, :auto))
+        elseif formatter == :plain
+            # Leave the numbers in plain format
+            map(labelfunc(scale, backend()), Showoff.showoff(scaled_ticks, :plain))
+        elseif formatter == :scientific
+            Showoff.showoff(unscaled_ticks, :scientific)
+        else
+            # there was an override for the formatter... use that on the unscaled ticks
+            map(formatter, unscaled_ticks)
+            # if the formatter left us with numbers, still apply the default formatter
+            # However it leave us with the problem of unicode number decoding by the backend
+            # if eltype(unscaled_ticks) <: Number
+            #     Showoff.showoff(unscaled_ticks, :auto)
+            # end
+        end
+    else
+        # no finite ticks to show...
+        String[]
+    end
+
+    # @show unscaled_ticks labels
+    # labels = Showoff.showoff(unscaled_ticks, scale == :log10 ? :scientific : :auto)
+    unscaled_ticks, labels
+end
+
+# return (continuous_values, discrete_values) for the ticks on this axis
+function get_ticks(axis::Axis)
+    ticks = _transform_ticks(axis[:ticks])
+    ticks in (nothing, false) && return nothing
+
+    # treat :native ticks as :auto
+    ticks = ticks == :native ? :auto : ticks
+
+    dvals = axis[:discrete_values]
+    cv, dv = if typeof(ticks) <: Symbol
+        if !isempty(dvals)
+            # discrete ticks...
+            n = length(dvals)
+            rng = if ticks == :auto
+                Int[round(Int,i) for i in linspace(1, n, 15)]
+            else # if ticks == :all
+                1:n
+            end
+            axis[:continuous_values][rng], dvals[rng]
+        elseif ispolar(axis.sps[1]) && axis[:letter] == :x
+            #force theta axis to be full circle
+            (collect(0:pi/4:7pi/4), string.(0:45:315))
+        else
+            # compute optimal ticks and labels
+            optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis)
+        end
+    elseif typeof(ticks) <: Union{AVec, Int}
+        if !isempty(dvals) && typeof(ticks) <: Int
+            rng = Int[round(Int,i) for i in linspace(1, length(dvals), ticks)]
+            axis[:continuous_values][rng], dvals[rng]
+        else
+            # override ticks, but get the labels
+            optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis, ticks)
+        end
+    elseif typeof(ticks) <: NTuple{2, Any}
+        # assuming we're passed (ticks, labels)
+        ticks
+    else
+        error("Unknown ticks type in get_ticks: $(typeof(ticks))")
+    end
+    # @show ticks dvals cv dv
+
+    return cv, dv
+end
+
+_transform_ticks(ticks) = ticks
+_transform_ticks(ticks::AbstractArray{T}) where T <: Dates.TimeType = Dates.value.(ticks)
+_transform_ticks(ticks::NTuple{2, Any}) = (_transform_ticks(ticks[1]), ticks[2])
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+function reset_extrema!(sp::Subplot)
+    for asym in (:x,:y,:z)
+        sp[Symbol(asym,:axis)][:extrema] = Extrema()
+    end
+    for series in sp.series_list
+        expand_extrema!(sp, series.d)
+    end
+end
+
+
+function expand_extrema!(ex::Extrema, v::Number)
+    ex.emin = isfinite(v) ? min(v, ex.emin) : ex.emin
+    ex.emax = isfinite(v) ? max(v, ex.emax) : ex.emax
+    ex
+end
+
+function expand_extrema!(axis::Axis, v::Number)
+    expand_extrema!(axis[:extrema], v)
+end
+
+# these shouldn't impact the extrema
+expand_extrema!(axis::Axis, ::Void) = axis[:extrema]
+expand_extrema!(axis::Axis, ::Bool) = axis[:extrema]
+
+
+function expand_extrema!(axis::Axis, v::Tuple{MIN,MAX}) where {MIN<:Number,MAX<:Number}
+    ex = axis[:extrema]
+    ex.emin = isfinite(v[1]) ? min(v[1], ex.emin) : ex.emin
+    ex.emax = isfinite(v[2]) ? max(v[2], ex.emax) : ex.emax
+    ex
+end
+function expand_extrema!(axis::Axis, v::AVec{N}) where N<:Number
+    ex = axis[:extrema]
+    for vi in v
+        expand_extrema!(ex, vi)
+    end
+    ex
+end
+
+
+function expand_extrema!(sp::Subplot, d::KW)
+    vert = isvertical(d)
+
+    # first expand for the data
+    for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
+        data = d[if vert
+            letter
+        else
+            letter == :x ? :y : letter == :y ? :x : :z
+        end]
+        if letter != :z && d[:seriestype] == :straightline && any(series[:seriestype] != :straightline for series in series_list(sp)) && data[1] != data[2]
+            data = [NaN]
+        end
+        axis = sp[Symbol(letter, "axis")]
+
+        if isa(data, Volume)
+            expand_extrema!(sp[:xaxis], data.x_extents)
+            expand_extrema!(sp[:yaxis], data.y_extents)
+            expand_extrema!(sp[:zaxis], data.z_extents)
+        elseif eltype(data) <: Number || (isa(data, Surface) && all(di -> isa(di, Number), data.surf))
+            if !(eltype(data) <: Number)
+                # huh... must have been a mis-typed surface? lets swap it out
+                data = d[letter] = Surface(Matrix{Float64}(data.surf))
+            end
+            expand_extrema!(axis, data)
+        elseif data != nothing
+            # TODO: need more here... gotta track the discrete reference value
+            #       as well as any coord offset (think of boxplot shape coords... they all
+            #       correspond to the same x-value)
+            d[letter], d[Symbol(letter,"_discrete_indices")] = discrete_value!(axis, data)
+            expand_extrema!(axis, d[letter])
+        end
+    end
+
+    # # expand for fillrange/bar_width
+    # fillaxis, baraxis = sp.attr[:yaxis], sp.attr[:xaxis]
+    # if isvertical(d)
+    #     fillaxis, baraxis = baraxis, fillaxis
+    # end
+
+    # expand for fillrange
+    fr = d[:fillrange]
+    if fr == nothing && d[:seriestype] == :bar
+        fr = 0.0
+    end
+    if fr != nothing && !all3D(d)
+        axis = sp.attr[vert ? :yaxis : :xaxis]
+        if typeof(fr) <: Tuple
+            for fri in fr
+                expand_extrema!(axis, fri)
+            end
+        else
+            expand_extrema!(axis, fr)
+        end
+    end
+
+    # expand for bar_width
+    if d[:seriestype] == :bar
+        dsym = vert ? :x : :y
+        data = d[dsym]
+
+        bw = d[:bar_width]
+        if bw == nothing
+            bw = d[:bar_width] = _bar_width * ignorenan_minimum(filter(x->x>0,diff(sort(data))))
+        end
+        axis = sp.attr[Symbol(dsym, :axis)]
+        expand_extrema!(axis, ignorenan_maximum(data) + 0.5maximum(bw))
+        expand_extrema!(axis, ignorenan_minimum(data) - 0.5minimum(bw))
+    end
+
+    # expand for heatmaps
+    if d[:seriestype] == :heatmap
+        for letter in (:x, :y)
+            data = d[letter]
+            axis = sp[Symbol(letter, "axis")]
+            scale = get(d, Symbol(letter, "scale"), :identity)
+            expand_extrema!(axis, heatmap_edges(data, scale))
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+function expand_extrema!(sp::Subplot, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
+    expand_extrema!(sp[:xaxis], (xmin, xmax))
+    expand_extrema!(sp[:yaxis], (ymin, ymax))
+end
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# push the limits out slightly
+function widen(lmin, lmax, scale = :identity)
+    f, invf = scalefunc(scale), invscalefunc(scale)
+    span = f(lmax) - f(lmin)
+    # eps = NaNMath.max(1e-16, min(1e-2span, 1e-10))
+    eps = NaNMath.max(1e-16, 0.03span)
+    invf(f(lmin)-eps), invf(f(lmax)+eps)
+end
+
+# figure out if widening is a good idea.
+const _widen_seriestypes = (:line, :path, :steppre, :steppost, :sticks, :scatter, :barbins, :barhist, :histogram, :scatterbins, :scatterhist, :stepbins, :stephist, :bins2d, :histogram2d, :bar, :shape, :path3d, :scatter3d)
+
+function default_should_widen(axis::Axis)
+    should_widen = false
+    if !is_2tuple(axis[:lims])
+        for sp in axis.sps
+            for series in series_list(sp)
+                if series.d[:seriestype] in _widen_seriestypes
+                    should_widen = true
+                end
+            end
+        end
+    end
+    should_widen
+end
+
+function round_limits(amin,amax)
+    scale = 10^(1-round(log10(amax - amin)))
+    amin = floor(amin*scale)/scale
+    amax = ceil(amax*scale)/scale
+    amin, amax
+end
+
+# using the axis extrema and limit overrides, return the min/max value for this axis
+function axis_limits(axis::Axis, should_widen::Bool = default_should_widen(axis))
+    ex = axis[:extrema]
+    amin, amax = ex.emin, ex.emax
+    lims = axis[:lims]
+    if (isa(lims, Tuple) || isa(lims, AVec)) && length(lims) == 2
+        if isfinite(lims[1])
+            amin = lims[1]
+        end
+        if isfinite(lims[2])
+            amax = lims[2]
+        end
+    end
+    if amax <= amin && isfinite(amin)
+        amax = amin + 1.0
+    end
+    if !isfinite(amin) && !isfinite(amax)
+        amin, amax = 0.0, 1.0
+    end
+    if ispolar(axis.sps[1])
+        if axis[:letter] == :x
+            amin, amax = 0, 2pi
+        elseif lims == :auto
+            #widen max radius so ticks dont overlap with theta axis
+            amin, amax + 0.1 * abs(amax - amin)
+        else
+            amin, amax
+        end
+    elseif should_widen && axis[:widen]
+        widen(amin, amax, axis[:scale])
+    elseif lims == :round
+        round_limits(amin,amax)
+    else
+        amin, amax
+    end
+end
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# these methods track the discrete (categorical) values which correspond to axis continuous values (cv)
+# whenever we have discrete values, we automatically set the ticks to match.
+# we return (continuous_value, discrete_index)
+function discrete_value!(axis::Axis, dv)
+    cv_idx = get(axis[:discrete_map], dv, -1)
+    # @show axis[:discrete_map], axis[:discrete_values], dv
+    if cv_idx == -1
+        ex = axis[:extrema]
+        cv = NaNMath.max(0.5, ex.emax + 1.0)
+        expand_extrema!(axis, cv)
+        push!(axis[:discrete_values], dv)
+        push!(axis[:continuous_values], cv)
+        cv_idx = length(axis[:discrete_values])
+        axis[:discrete_map][dv] = cv_idx
+        cv, cv_idx
+    else
+        cv = axis[:continuous_values][cv_idx]
+        cv, cv_idx
+    end
+end
+
+# continuous value... just pass back with axis negative index
+function discrete_value!(axis::Axis, cv::Number)
+    cv, -1
+end
+
+# add the discrete value for each item.  return the continuous values and the indices
+function discrete_value!(axis::Axis, v::AVec)
+    n = length(v)
+    cvec = zeros(n)
+    discrete_indices = zeros(Int, n)
+    for i=1:n
+        cvec[i], discrete_indices[i] = discrete_value!(axis, v[i])
+    end
+    cvec, discrete_indices
+end
+
+# add the discrete value for each item.  return the continuous values and the indices
+function discrete_value!(axis::Axis, v::AMat)
+    n,m = size(v)
+    cmat = zeros(n,m)
+    discrete_indices = zeros(Int, n, m)
+    for i=1:n, j=1:m
+        cmat[i,j], discrete_indices[i,j] = discrete_value!(axis, v[i,j])
+    end
+    cmat, discrete_indices
+end
+
+function discrete_value!(axis::Axis, v::Surface)
+    map(Surface, discrete_value!(axis, v.surf))
+end
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function pie_labels(sp::Subplot, series::Series)
+    d = series.d
+    if haskey(d,:x_discrete_indices)
+        dvals = sp.attr[:xaxis].d[:discrete_values]
+        [dvals[idx] for idx in d[:x_discrete_indices]]
+    else
+        d[:x]
+    end
+end
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# compute the line segments which should be drawn for this axis
+function axis_drawing_info(sp::Subplot)
+    xaxis, yaxis = sp[:xaxis], sp[:yaxis]
+    xmin, xmax = axis_limits(xaxis)
+    ymin, ymax = axis_limits(yaxis)
+    xticks = get_ticks(xaxis)
+    yticks = get_ticks(yaxis)
+    xaxis_segs = Segments(2)
+    yaxis_segs = Segments(2)
+    xtick_segs = Segments(2)
+    ytick_segs = Segments(2)
+    xgrid_segs = Segments(2)
+    ygrid_segs = Segments(2)
+    xborder_segs = Segments(2)
+    yborder_segs = Segments(2)
+
+    if sp[:framestyle] != :none
+        # xaxis
+        if xaxis[:showaxis]
+            if sp[:framestyle] != :grid
+                y1, y2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+                    0.0, 0.0
+                else
+                    xor(xaxis[:mirror], yaxis[:flip]) ? (ymax, ymin) : (ymin, ymax)
+                end
+                push!(xaxis_segs, (xmin, y1), (xmax, y1))
+                # don't show the 0 tick label for the origin framestyle
+                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(xticks in (nothing,false)) && length(xticks) > 1
+                    showticks = xticks[1] .!= 0
+                    xticks = (xticks[1][showticks], xticks[2][showticks])
+                end
+            end
+            sp[:framestyle] in (:semi, :box) && push!(xborder_segs, (xmin, y2), (xmax, y2)) # top spine
+        end
+        if !(xaxis[:ticks] in (nothing, false))
+            f = scalefunc(yaxis[:scale])
+            invf = invscalefunc(yaxis[:scale])
+            ticks_in = xaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
+            t1 = invf(f(ymin) + 0.015 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)
+            t2 = invf(f(ymax) - 0.015 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)
+            t3 = invf(f(0) + 0.015 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)
+
+            for xtick in xticks[1]
+                if xaxis[:showaxis]
+                    tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                        (0, t3)
+                    else
+                        xor(xaxis[:mirror], yaxis[:flip]) ? (ymax, t2) : (ymin, t1)
+                    end
+                    push!(xtick_segs, (xtick, tick_start), (xtick, tick_stop)) # bottom tick
+                end
+                # sp[:draw_axes_border] && push!(xaxis_segs, (xtick, ymax), (xtick, t2)) # top tick
+                xaxis[:grid] && push!(xgrid_segs, (xtick, ymin), (xtick, ymax)) # vertical grid
+            end
+        end
+
+        # yaxis
+        if yaxis[:showaxis]
+            if sp[:framestyle] != :grid
+                x1, x2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+                    0.0, 0.0
+                else
+                    xor(yaxis[:mirror], xaxis[:flip]) ? (xmax, xmin) : (xmin, xmax)
+                end
+                push!(yaxis_segs, (x1, ymin), (x1, ymax))
+                # don't show the 0 tick label for the origin framestyle
+                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(yticks in (nothing,false)) && length(yticks) > 1
+                    showticks = yticks[1] .!= 0
+                    yticks = (yticks[1][showticks], yticks[2][showticks])
+                end
+            end
+            sp[:framestyle] in (:semi, :box) && push!(yborder_segs, (x2, ymin), (x2, ymax)) # right spine
+        end
+        if !(yaxis[:ticks] in (nothing, false))
+            f = scalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
+            invf = invscalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
+            ticks_in = yaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
+            t1 = invf(f(xmin) + 0.015 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)
+            t2 = invf(f(xmax) - 0.015 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)
+            t3 = invf(f(0) + 0.015 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)
+
+            for ytick in yticks[1]
+                if yaxis[:showaxis]
+                    tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                        (0, t3)
+                    else
+                        xor(yaxis[:mirror], xaxis[:flip]) ? (xmax, t2) : (xmin, t1)
+                    end
+                    push!(ytick_segs, (tick_start, ytick), (tick_stop, ytick)) # left tick
+                end
+                # sp[:draw_axes_border] && push!(yaxis_segs, (xmax, ytick), (t2, ytick)) # right tick
+                yaxis[:grid] && push!(ygrid_segs, (xmin, ytick), (xmax, ytick)) # horizontal grid
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    xticks, yticks, xaxis_segs, yaxis_segs, xtick_segs, ytick_segs, xgrid_segs, ygrid_segs, xborder_segs, yborder_segs
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+
+struct NoBackend <: AbstractBackend end
+
+const _backendType = Dict{Symbol, DataType}(:none => NoBackend)
+const _backendSymbol = Dict{DataType, Symbol}(NoBackend => :none)
+const _backends = Symbol[]
+const _initialized_backends = Set{Symbol}()
+
+"Returns a list of supported backends"
+backends() = _backends
+
+"Returns the name of the current backend"
+backend_name() = CURRENT_BACKEND.sym
+_backend_instance(sym::Symbol) = haskey(_backendType, sym) ? _backendType[sym]() : error("Unsupported backend $sym")
+
+macro init_backend(s)
+    str = lowercase(string(s))
+    sym = Symbol(str)
+    T = Symbol(string(s) * "Backend")
+    esc(quote
+        struct $T <: AbstractBackend end
+        export $sym
+        $sym(; kw...) = (default(; kw...); backend(Symbol($str)))
+        backend_name(::$T) = Symbol($str)
+        push!(_backends, Symbol($str))
+        _backendType[Symbol($str)] = $T
+        _backendSymbol[$T] = Symbol($str)
+        include("backends/" * $str * ".jl")
+    end)
+end
+
+include("backends/web.jl")
+# include("backends/supported.jl")
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+function add_backend(pkg::Symbol)
+    info("To do a standard install of $pkg, copy and run this:\n\n")
+    println(add_backend_string(_backend_instance(pkg)))
+    println()
+end
+add_backend_string(b::AbstractBackend) = warn("No custom install defined for $(backend_name(b))")
+
+# don't do anything as a default
+_create_backend_figure(plt::Plot) = nothing
+_prepare_plot_object(plt::Plot) = nothing
+_initialize_subplot(plt::Plot, sp::Subplot) = nothing
+
+_series_added(plt::Plot, series::Series) = nothing
+_series_updated(plt::Plot, series::Series) = nothing
+
+_before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot) = nothing
+
+title_padding(sp::Subplot) = sp[:title] == "" ? 0mm : sp[:titlefontsize] * pt
+guide_padding(axis::Axis) = axis[:guide] == "" ? 0mm : axis[:guidefontsize] * pt
+
+"Returns the (width,height) of a text label."
+function text_size(lablen::Int, sz::Number, rot::Number = 0)
+    # we need to compute the size of the ticks generically
+    # this means computing the bounding box and then getting the width/height
+    # note:
+    ptsz = sz * pt
+    width = 0.8lablen * ptsz
+
+    # now compute the generalized "height" after rotation as the "opposite+adjacent" of 2 triangles
+    height = abs(sind(rot)) * width + abs(cosd(rot)) * ptsz
+    width = abs(sind(rot+90)) * width + abs(cosd(rot+90)) * ptsz
+    width, height
+end
+text_size(lab::AbstractString, sz::Number, rot::Number = 0) = text_size(length(lab), sz, rot)
+
+# account for the size/length/rotation of tick labels
+function tick_padding(axis::Axis)
+    ticks = get_ticks(axis)
+    if ticks == nothing
+        0mm
+    else
+        vals, labs = ticks
+        isempty(labs) && return 0mm
+        # ptsz = axis[:tickfont].pointsize * pt
+        longest_label = maximum(length(lab) for lab in labs)
+
+        # generalize by "rotating" y labels
+        rot = axis[:rotation] + (axis[:letter] == :y ? 90 : 0)
+
+        # # we need to compute the size of the ticks generically
+        # # this means computing the bounding box and then getting the width/height
+        # labelwidth = 0.8longest_label * ptsz
+        #
+        #
+        # # now compute the generalized "height" after rotation as the "opposite+adjacent" of 2 triangles
+        # hgt = abs(sind(rot)) * labelwidth + abs(cosd(rot)) * ptsz + 1mm
+        # hgt
+
+        # get the height of the rotated label
+        text_size(longest_label, axis[:tickfontsize], rot)[2]
+    end
+end
+
+# Set the (left, top, right, bottom) minimum padding around the plot area
+# to fit ticks, tick labels, guides, colorbars, etc.
+function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot)
+    # TODO: something different when `is3d(sp) == true`
+    leftpad   = tick_padding(sp[:yaxis]) + sp[:left_margin]   + guide_padding(sp[:yaxis])
+    toppad    = sp[:top_margin]    + title_padding(sp)
+    rightpad  = sp[:right_margin]
+    bottompad = tick_padding(sp[:xaxis]) + sp[:bottom_margin] + guide_padding(sp[:xaxis])
+
+    # switch them?
+    if sp[:xaxis][:mirror]
+        bottompad, toppad = toppad, bottompad
+    end
+    if sp[:yaxis][:mirror]
+        leftpad, rightpad = rightpad, leftpad
+    end
+
+    # @show (leftpad, toppad, rightpad, bottompad)
+    sp.minpad = (leftpad, toppad, rightpad, bottompad)
+end
+
+_update_plot_object(plt::Plot) = nothing
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+mutable struct CurrentBackend
+  sym::Symbol
+  pkg::AbstractBackend
+end
+CurrentBackend(sym::Symbol) = CurrentBackend(sym, _backend_instance(sym))
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+function pickDefaultBackend()
+    env_default = get(ENV, "PLOTS_DEFAULT_BACKEND", "")
+    if env_default != ""
+        try
+            Pkg.installed(env_default)  # this will error if not installed
+            sym = Symbol(lowercase(env_default))
+            if haskey(_backendType, sym)
+                return backend(sym)
+            else
+                warn("You have set PLOTS_DEFAULT_BACKEND=$env_default but it is not a valid backend package.  Choose from:\n\t",
+                     join(sort(_backends), "\n\t"))
+            end
+        catch
+            warn("You have set PLOTS_DEFAULT_BACKEND=$env_default but it is not installed.")
+        end
+    end
+
+    # the ordering/inclusion of this package list is my semi-arbitrary guess at
+    # which one someone will want to use if they have the package installed...accounting for
+    # features, speed, and robustness
+    for pkgstr in ("GR", "PyPlot", "PlotlyJS", "PGFPlots", "UnicodePlots", "InspectDR", "GLVisualize")
+        if Pkg.installed(pkgstr) != nothing
+            return backend(Symbol(lowercase(pkgstr)))
+        end
+    end
+
+    # the default if nothing else is installed
+    backend(:plotly)
+end
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+"""
+Returns the current plotting package name.  Initializes package on first call.
+"""
+function backend()
+
+  global CURRENT_BACKEND
+  if CURRENT_BACKEND.sym == :none
+    pickDefaultBackend()
+  end
+
+  sym = CURRENT_BACKEND.sym
+  if !(sym in _initialized_backends)
+
+    # # initialize
+    # println("[Plots.jl] Initializing backend: ", sym)
+
+    inst = _backend_instance(sym)
+    try
+      _initialize_backend(inst)
+    catch err
+      warn("Couldn't initialize $sym.  (might need to install it?)")
+      add_backend(sym)
+      rethrow(err)
+    end
+
+    push!(_initialized_backends, sym)
+
+  end
+  CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg
+end
+
+"""
+Set the plot backend.
+"""
+function backend(pkg::AbstractBackend)
+    CURRENT_BACKEND.sym = backend_name(pkg)
+    warn_on_deprecated_backend(CURRENT_BACKEND.sym)
+    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = pkg
+    backend()
+end
+
+function backend(modname::Symbol)
+    warn_on_deprecated_backend(modname)
+    CURRENT_BACKEND.sym = modname
+    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = _backend_instance(modname)
+    backend()
+end
+
+const _deprecated_backends = [:qwt, :winston, :bokeh, :gadfly, :immerse]
+
+function warn_on_deprecated_backend(bsym::Symbol)
+    if bsym in _deprecated_backends
+        warn("Backend $bsym has been deprecated.  It may not work as originally intended.")
+    end
+end
+
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+# these are args which every backend supports because they're not used in the backend code
+const _base_supported_args = [
+    :color_palette,
+    :background_color, :background_color_subplot,
+    :foreground_color, :foreground_color_subplot,
+    :group,
+    :seriestype,
+    :seriescolor, :seriesalpha,
+    :smooth,
+    :xerror, :yerror,
+    :subplot,
+    :x, :y, :z,
+    :show, :size,
+    :margin,
+    :left_margin,
+    :right_margin,
+    :top_margin,
+    :bottom_margin,
+    :html_output_format,
+    :layout,
+    :link,
+    :primary,
+    :series_annotations,
+    :subplot_index,
+    :discrete_values,
+    :projection,
+
+]
+
+function merge_with_base_supported(v::AVec)
+    v = vcat(v, _base_supported_args)
+    for vi in v
+        if haskey(_axis_defaults, vi)
+            for letter in (:x,:y,:z)
+                push!(v, Symbol(letter,vi))
+            end
+        end
+    end
+    Set(v)
+end
+
+
+
+# @init_backend Immerse
+# @init_backend Gadfly
+@init_backend PyPlot
+# @init_backend Qwt
+@init_backend UnicodePlots
+# @init_backend Winston
+# @init_backend Bokeh
+@init_backend Plotly
+@init_backend PlotlyJS
+@init_backend GR
+@init_backend GLVisualize
+@init_backend PGFPlots
+@init_backend InspectDR
+@init_backend HDF5
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+# create the various `is_xxx_supported` and `supported_xxxs` methods
+# by default they pass through to checking membership in `_gr_xxx`
+for s in (:attr, :seriestype, :marker, :style, :scale)
+    f = Symbol("is_", s, "_supported")
+    f2 = Symbol("supported_", s, "s")
+    @eval begin
+        $f(::AbstractBackend, $s) = false
+        $f(bend::AbstractBackend, $s::AbstractVector) = all(v -> $f(bend, v), $s)
+        $f($s) = $f(backend(), $s)
+        $f2() = $f2(backend())
+    end
+
+    for bend in backends()
+        bend_type = typeof(_backend_instance(bend))
+        v = Symbol("_", bend, "_", s)
+        @eval begin
+            $f(::$bend_type, $s::Symbol) = $s in $v
+            $f2(::$bend_type) = $v
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+# is_subplot_supported(::AbstractBackend) = false
+# is_subplot_supported() = is_subplot_supported(backend())
@@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
-
-# https://github.com/bokeh/Bokeh.jl
-
-
-function _initialize_backend(::BokehPackage; kw...)
-  @eval begin
-    warn("Bokeh is no longer supported... many features will likely be broken.")
-    import Bokeh
-    export Bokeh
-  end
-end
-
-# make255(x) = round(Int, 255 * x)
-
-# function bokehcolor(c::Colorant)
-#   @sprintf("rgba(%d, %d, %d, %1.3f)", [make255(f(c)) for f in [red,green,blue]]..., alpha(c))
-# end
-# bokehcolor(cs::ColorScheme) = bokehcolor(getColor(cs))
-
-
-const _glyphtypes = Dict(
-    :ellipse    => :Circle,
-    :rect       => :Square,
-    :diamond    => :Diamond,
-    :utriangle  => :Triangle,
-    :dtriangle  => :InvertedTriangle,
-    # :pentagon   => 
-    # :hexagon    => 
-    # :heptagon   => 
-    # :octagon    => 
-    :cross      => :Cross,
-    :xcross     => :X,
-    :star5      => :Asterisk,
-  )
-
-
-function bokeh_glyph_type(d::Dict)
-  lt = d[:linetype]
-  mt = d[:markershape]
-  if lt == :scatter && mt == :none
-    mt = :ellipse
-  end
-
-  # if we have a marker, use that
-  if lt == :scatter || mt != :none
-    return _glyphtypes[mt]
-  end
-
-  # otherwise return a line
-  return :Line
-end
-
-function get_stroke_vector(linestyle::Symbol)
-  dash = 12
-  dot = 3
-  gap = 2
-  linestyle == :solid && return Int[]
-  linestyle == :dash && return Int[dash, gap]
-  linestyle == :dot && return Int[dot, gap]
-  linestyle == :dashdot && return Int[dash, gap, dot, gap]
-  linestyle == :dashdotdot && return Int[dash, gap, dot, gap, dot, gap]
-  error("unsupported linestyle: ", linestyle)
-end
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function _create_plot(pkg::BokehPackage; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-
-  # dumpdict(d, "plot", true)
-
-  # TODO: create the window/canvas/context that is the plot within the backend (call it `o`)
-  # TODO: initialize the plot... title, xlabel, bgcolor, etc
-
-  datacolumns = Bokeh.BokehDataSet[]
-  tools = Bokeh.tools()
-  filename = tempname() * ".html"
-  title = d[:title]
-  w, h = d[:size]
-  xaxis_type = d[:xscale] == :log10 ? :log : :auto
-  yaxis_type = d[:yscale] == :log10 ? :log : :auto
-  # legend = d[:legend] ? xxxx : nothing
-  legend = nothing
-  extra_args = Dict()  # TODO: we'll put extra settings (xlim, etc) here
-  bplt = Bokeh.Plot(datacolumns, tools, filename, title, w, h, xaxis_type, yaxis_type, legend) #, extra_args)
-
-  Plot(bplt, pkg, 0, d, Dict[])
-end
-
-
-function _add_series(::BokehPackage, plt::Plot; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-
-  # dumpdict(d, "plot!", true)
-
-  bdata = Dict{Symbol, Vector}(:x => collect(d[:x]), :y => collect(d[:y]))
-  
-  glyph = Bokeh.Bokehjs.Glyph(
-      glyphtype = bokeh_glyph_type(d),
-      linecolor = webcolor(d[:linecolor]),  # shape's stroke or line color
-      linewidth = d[:linewidth],          # shape's stroke width or line width
-      fillcolor = webcolor(d[:markercolor]),
-      size      = ceil(Int, d[:markersize] * 2.5),  # magic number 2.5 to keep in same scale as other backends
-      dash      = get_stroke_vector(d[:linestyle])
-    )
-
-  legend = nothing  # TODO
-  push!(plt.o.datacolumns, Bokeh.BokehDataSet(bdata, glyph, legend))
-
-  push!(plt.seriesargs, d)
-  plt
-end
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# TODO: override this to update plot items (title, xlabel, etc) after creation
-function _update_plot(plt::Plot{BokehPackage}, d::Dict)
-end
-
-function _update_plot_pos_size(plt::PlottingObject{BokehPackage}, d::Dict)
-end
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# accessors for x/y data
-
-function Base.getindex(plt::Plot{BokehPackage}, i::Int)
-  series = plt.o.datacolumns[i].data
-  series[:x], series[:y]
-end
-
-function Base.setindex!(plt::Plot{BokehPackage}, xy::Tuple, i::Integer)
-  series = plt.o.datacolumns[i].data
-  series[:x], series[:y] = xy
-  plt
-end
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{BokehPackage}, anns::AVec{@compat(Tuple{X,Y,V})})
-  for ann in anns
-    # TODO: add the annotation to the plot
-  end
-end
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function _create_subplot(subplt::Subplot{BokehPackage}, isbefore::Bool)
-  # TODO: build the underlying Subplot object.  this is where you might layout the panes within a GUI window, for example
-
-end
-
-
-function _expand_limits(lims, plt::Plot{BokehPackage}, isx::Bool)
-  # TODO: call expand limits for each plot data
-end
-
-function _remove_axis(plt::Plot{BokehPackage}, isx::Bool)
-  # TODO: if plot is inner subplot, might need to remove ticks or axis labels
-end
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::PlottingObject{BokehPackage})
-  # TODO: write a png to io
-  warn("mime png not implemented")
-end
-
-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{BokehPackage})
-  Bokeh.showplot(plt.o)
-end
-
-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Subplot{BokehPackage})
-  # TODO: display/show the subplot
-end
@@ -1,744 +0,0 @@
-
-# https://github.com/dcjones/Gadfly.jl
-
-
-function _initialize_backend(::GadflyPackage; kw...)
-  @eval begin
-    import Gadfly, Compose
-    export Gadfly, Compose
-    include(joinpath(Pkg.dir("Plots"), "src", "backends", "gadfly_shapes.jl"))
-  end
-end
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# immutable MissingVec <: AbstractVector{Float64} end
-# Base.size(v::MissingVec) = (1,)
-# Base.getindex(v::MissingVec, i::Integer) = 0.0
-
-function createGadflyPlotObject(d::Dict)
-  gplt = Gadfly.Plot()
-  gplt.mapping = Dict()
-  gplt.data_source = Gadfly.DataFrames.DataFrame()
-  # gplt.layers = gplt.layers[1:0]
-  gplt.layers = [Gadfly.layer(Gadfly.Geom.point(tag=:remove), x=zeros(1), y=zeros(1));] # x=MissingVec(), y=MissingVec());]
-  gplt.guides = Gadfly.GuideElement[Gadfly.Guide.xlabel(d[:xlabel]),
-                                   Gadfly.Guide.ylabel(d[:ylabel]),
-                                   Gadfly.Guide.title(d[:title])]
-  gplt
-end
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-function getLineGeom(d::Dict)
-  lt = d[:linetype]
-  xbins, ybins = maketuple(d[:nbins])
-  if lt == :hexbin
-    Gadfly.Geom.hexbin(xbincount = xbins, ybincount = ybins)
-  elseif lt == :heatmap
-    Gadfly.Geom.histogram2d(xbincount = xbins, ybincount = ybins)
-  elseif lt == :hist
-    Gadfly.Geom.histogram(bincount = xbins)
-  elseif lt == :path
-    Gadfly.Geom.path
-  elseif lt in (:bar, :sticks)
-    Gadfly.Geom.bar
-  elseif lt == :steppost
-    Gadfly.Geom.step
-  elseif lt == :steppre
-    Gadfly.Geom.step(direction = :vh)
-  elseif lt == :hline
-    Gadfly.Geom.hline
-  elseif lt == :vline
-    Gadfly.Geom.vline
-  elseif lt == :contour
-    Gadfly.Geom.contour(levels = d[:levels])
-  else
-    nothing
-  end
-end
-
-function get_extra_theme_args(d::Dict, k::Symbol)
-  # gracefully handles old Gadfly versions
-  extra_theme_args = Dict()
-  try
-    extra_theme_args[:line_style] = Gadfly.get_stroke_vector(d[k])
-  catch err
-    if string(err) == "UndefVarError(:get_stroke_vector)"
-      Base.warn_once("Gadfly.get_stroke_vector failed... do you have an old version of Gadfly?")
-    else
-      rethrow()
-    end
-  end
-  extra_theme_args
-end
-
-function getGadflyLineTheme(d::Dict)
-  
-  lc = convertColor(getColor(d[:linecolor]), d[:linealpha])
-  # lc = getColor(d[:linecolor])
-  # α = d[:linealpha]
-  # if α != nothing
-  #   lc = RGBA(lc, α)
-  # end
-
-  fc = convertColor(getColor(d[:fillcolor]), d[:fillalpha])
-  # fc = getColor(d[:fillcolor])
-  # α = d[:fillalpha]
-  # if α != nothing
-  #   fc = RGBA(fc, α)
-  # end
-
-
-  Gadfly.Theme(;
-      default_color = lc,
-      line_width = (d[:linetype] == :sticks ? 1 : d[:linewidth]) * Gadfly.px,
-      # line_style = Gadfly.get_stroke_vector(d[:linestyle]),
-      lowlight_color = x->RGB(fc),  # fill/ribbon
-      lowlight_opacity = alpha(fc), # fill/ribbon
-      bar_highlight = RGB(lc),      # bars
-      get_extra_theme_args(d, :linestyle)...
-    )
-end
-
-# add a line as a new layer
-function addGadflyLine!(plt::Plot, numlayers::Int, d::Dict, geoms...)
-  gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
-  gfargs = vcat(geoms...,
-                getGadflyLineTheme(d))
-  kwargs = Dict()
-  lt = d[:linetype]
-
-  # add a fill?
-  if d[:fillrange] != nothing && lt != :contour
-    fillmin, fillmax = map(makevec, maketuple(d[:fillrange]))
-    nmin, nmax = length(fillmin), length(fillmax)
-    kwargs[:ymin] = Float64[min(y, fillmin[mod1(i, nmin)], fillmax[mod1(i, nmax)]) for (i,y) in enumerate(d[:y])]
-    kwargs[:ymax] = Float64[max(y, fillmin[mod1(i, nmin)], fillmax[mod1(i, nmax)]) for (i,y) in enumerate(d[:y])]
-    push!(gfargs, Gadfly.Geom.ribbon)
-  end
-
-  if lt in (:hline, :vline)
-    kwargs[lt == :hline ? :yintercept : :xintercept] = d[:y]
-    
-  else
-    if lt == :sticks
-      w = 0.01 * mean(diff(d[:x]))
-      kwargs[:xmin] = d[:x] - w
-      kwargs[:xmax] = d[:x] + w
-    elseif lt == :contour
-      # d[:y] = reverse(d[:y])
-      kwargs[:z] = d[:z].surf
-      addGadflyContColorScale(plt, d[:linecolor])
-    end
-
-    kwargs[:x] = d[lt == :hist ? :y : :x]
-    kwargs[:y] = d[:y]
-
-  end
-
-  # # h/vlines
-  # if lt == :hline
-  #   kwargs[:yintercept] = d[:y]
-  # elseif lt == :vline
-  #   kwargs[:xintercept] = d[:y]
-  # elseif lt == :sticks
-  #   w = 0.01 * mean(diff(d[:x]))
-  #   kwargs[:xmin] = d[:x] - w
-  #   kwargs[:xmax] = d[:x] + w
-  # elseif lt == :contour
-  #   d[:y] = reverse(d[:y])
-  #   kwargs[:z] = d[:surface]
-  # end
-
-  # if lt == :hist
-  #   kwargs[:x] = kwargs[:y] = d[:y]
-  # elseif lt != :hline && lt != :vline
-  #   kwargs[:x] = d[:x]
-  #   kwargs[:y] = d[:y]
-  # end
-  
-  # # add the layer
-  # x = d[d[:linetype] == :hist ? :y : :x]
-  # Gadfly.layer(gfargs...; x = x, y = d[:y], order=numlayers, kwargs...)
-  Gadfly.layer(gfargs...; order=numlayers, kwargs...)
-end
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# extract the underlying ShapeGeometry object(s)
-getMarkerGeom(shape::Shape) = gadflyshape(shape)
-getMarkerGeom(shape::Symbol) = gadflyshape(_shapes[shape])
-getMarkerGeom(shapes::AVec) = map(getMarkerGeom, shapes)
-getMarkerGeom(d::Dict) = getMarkerGeom(d[:markershape])
-
-# function getMarkerGeom(d::Dict)
-#   shape = d[:markershape]
-#   gadflyshape(isa(shape, Shape) ? shape : _shapes[shape])
-# end
-
-
-function getGadflyMarkerTheme(d::Dict, plotargs::Dict)
-  c = getColor(d[:markercolor])
-  α = d[:markeralpha]
-  if α != nothing
-    c = RGBA(RGB(c), α)
-  end
-
-  ms = d[:markersize]
-  ms = if typeof(ms) <: AVec
-    warn("Gadfly doesn't support variable marker sizes... using the average: $(mean(ms))")
-    mean(ms) * Gadfly.px
-  else
-    ms * Gadfly.px
-  end
-
-  # fg = getColor(plotargs[:foreground_color])
-  Gadfly.Theme(;
-      default_color = c,
-      default_point_size = ms,
-      discrete_highlight_color = c -> RGB(getColor(d[:markerstrokecolor])),
-      highlight_width = d[:markerstrokewidth] * Gadfly.px,
-      # get_extra_theme_args(d, :markerstrokestyle)...
-    )
-end
-
-function addGadflyContColorScale(plt::Plot{GadflyPackage}, c)
-  plt.plotargs[:colorbar] == :none && return
-  if !isa(c, ColorGradient)
-    c = colorscheme(:bluesreds)
-  end
-  push!(getGadflyContext(plt).scales, Gadfly.Scale.ContinuousColorScale(p -> RGB(getColorZ(c, p))))
-end
-
-function addGadflyMarker!(plt::Plot, numlayers::Int, d::Dict, plotargs::Dict, geoms...)
-  gfargs = vcat(geoms...,
-                getGadflyMarkerTheme(d, plotargs),
-                getMarkerGeom(d))
-  kwargs = Dict()
-
-  # handle continuous color scales for the markers
-  zcolor = d[:zcolor]
-  if zcolor != nothing && typeof(zcolor) <: AVec
-    kwargs[:color] = zcolor
-    addGadflyContColorScale(plt, d[:markercolor])
-    # if !isa(d[:markercolor], ColorGradient)
-    #   d[:markercolor] = colorscheme(:bluesreds)
-    # end
-    # push!(getGadflyContext(plt).scales, Gadfly.Scale.ContinuousColorScale(p -> RGB(getColorZ(d[:markercolor], p))))
-  end
-
-  Gadfly.layer(gfargs...; x = d[:x], y = d[:y], order=numlayers, kwargs...)
-end
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function addToGadflyLegend(plt::Plot, d::Dict)
-
-  # add the legend?
-  if plt.plotargs[:legend] != :none && d[:label] != ""
-    gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
-
-    # add the legend if needed
-    if all(g -> !isa(g, Gadfly.Guide.ManualColorKey), gplt.guides)
-      unshift!(gplt.guides, Gadfly.Guide.manual_color_key("", @compat(AbstractString)[], Color[]))
-    end
-
-    # now add the series to the legend
-    for guide in gplt.guides
-      if isa(guide, Gadfly.Guide.ManualColorKey)
-        # TODO: there's a BUG in gadfly if you pass in the same color more than once,
-        # since gadfly will call unique(colors), but doesn't also merge the rows that match
-        # Should ensure from this side that colors which are the same are merged together
-
-        c = getColor(d[d[:markershape] == :none ? :linecolor : :markercolor])
-        foundit = false
-        
-        # extend the label if we found this color
-        for i in 1:length(guide.colors)
-          if RGB(c) == guide.colors[i]
-            guide.labels[i] *= ", " * d[:label]
-            foundit = true
-          end
-        end
-
-        # didn't find the color, so add a new entry into the legend
-        if !foundit
-          push!(guide.labels, d[:label])
-          push!(guide.colors, c)
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
-  end
-
-end
-
-getGadflySmoothing(smooth::Bool) = smooth ? [Gadfly.Geom.smooth(method=:lm)] : Any[]
-getGadflySmoothing(smooth::Real) = [Gadfly.Geom.smooth(method=:loess, smoothing=float(smooth))]
-
-
-function addGadflySeries!(plt::Plot, d::Dict)
-
-  layers = Gadfly.Layer[]
-  gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
-
-  # add a regression line?
-  # TODO: make more flexible
-  smooth = getGadflySmoothing(d[:smooth])
-
-  # lines
-  geom = getLineGeom(d)
-  if geom != nothing
-    prepend!(layers, addGadflyLine!(plt, length(gplt.layers), d, geom, smooth...))
-
-    # don't add a regression for markers too
-    smooth = Any[]
-  end
-
-  # special handling for ohlc and scatter
-  lt = d[:linetype]
-  if lt == :ohlc
-    error("Haven't re-implemented after refactoring")
-  elseif lt in (:heatmap, :hexbin) && (isa(d[:linecolor], ColorGradient) || isa(d[:linecolor], ColorFunction))
-    push!(gplt.scales, Gadfly.Scale.ContinuousColorScale(p -> RGB(getColorZ(d[:linecolor], p))))
-  elseif lt == :scatter && d[:markershape] == :none
-    d[:markershape] = :ellipse
-  end
-
-  # markers
-  if d[:markershape] != :none
-    prepend!(layers, addGadflyMarker!(plt, length(gplt.layers), d, plt.plotargs, smooth...))
-  end
-
-  lt in (:heatmap, :hexbin, :contour) || addToGadflyLegend(plt, d)
-
-  # now save the layers that apply to this series
-  d[:gadflylayers] = layers
-  prepend!(gplt.layers, layers)
-end
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# NOTE: I'm leaving this here and commented out just in case I want to implement again... it was hacky code to create multi-colored line segments
-
-#   # colorgroup
-#   z = d[:z]
-
-#   # handle line segments of different colors
-#   cscheme = d[:linecolor]
-#   if isa(cscheme, ColorVector)
-#     # create a color scale, and set the color group to the index of the color
-#     push!(gplt.scales, Gadfly.Scale.color_discrete_manual(cscheme.v...))
-
-#     # this is super weird, but... oh well... for some reason this creates n separate line segments...
-#     # create a list of vertices that go: [x1,x2,x2,x3,x3, ... ,xi,xi, ... xn,xn] (same for y)
-#     # then the vector passed to the "color" keyword should be a vector: [1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4, ..., i,i, ... , n,n]
-#     csindices = Int[mod1(i,length(cscheme.v)) for i in 1:length(d[:y])]
-#     cs = collect(repmat(csindices', 2, 1))[1:end-1]
-#     grp = collect(repmat((1:length(d[:y]))', 2, 1))[1:end-1]
-#     d[:x], d[:y] = map(createSegments, (d[:x], d[:y]))
-#     colorgroup = [(:linecolor, cs), (:group, grp)]
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-function addGadflyTicksGuide(gplt, ticks, isx::Bool)
-  ticks == :auto && return
-
-  # remove the ticks?
-  if ticks in (:none, false, nothing)
-    return addOrReplace(gplt.guides, isx ? Gadfly.Guide.xticks : Gadfly.Guide.yticks; label=false)
-  end
-
-  ttype = ticksType(ticks)
-
-  # just the values... put ticks here, but use standard labels
-  if ttype == :ticks
-    gtype = isx ? Gadfly.Guide.xticks : Gadfly.Guide.yticks
-    replaceType(gplt.guides, gtype(ticks = collect(ticks)))
-
-  # set the ticks and the labels
-  elseif ttype == :ticks_and_labels
-    gtype = isx ? Gadfly.Guide.xticks : Gadfly.Guide.yticks
-    replaceType(gplt.guides, gtype(ticks = collect(ticks[1])))
-
-    # TODO add xtick_label function (given tick, return label??) 
-    # Scale.x_discrete(; labels=nothing, levels=nothing, order=nothing)
-    filterGadflyScale(gplt, isx)
-    gfunc = isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_discrete : Gadfly.Scale.y_discrete
-    labelmap = Dict(zip(ticks...))
-    labelfunc = val -> labelmap[val]
-    push!(gplt.scales, gfunc(levels = collect(ticks[1]), labels = labelfunc))
-
-  else
-    error("Invalid input for $(isx ? "xticks" : "yticks"): ", ticks)
-  end
-end
-
-continuousAndSameAxis(scale, isx::Bool) = isa(scale, Gadfly.Scale.ContinuousScale) && scale.vars[1] == (isx ? :x : :y)
-filterGadflyScale(gplt, isx::Bool) = filter!(scale -> !continuousAndSameAxis(scale, isx), gplt.scales)
-
-
-function getGadflyScaleFunction(d::Dict, isx::Bool)
-  scalekey = isx ? :xscale : :yscale
-  hasScaleKey = haskey(d, scalekey)
-  if hasScaleKey
-    scale = d[scalekey]
-    scale == :ln && return isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_log : Gadfly.Scale.y_log, hasScaleKey
-    scale == :log2 && return isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_log2 : Gadfly.Scale.y_log2, hasScaleKey
-    scale == :log10 && return isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_log10 : Gadfly.Scale.y_log10, hasScaleKey
-    scale == :asinh && return isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_asinh : Gadfly.Scale.y_asinh, hasScaleKey
-    scale == :sqrt && return isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_sqrt : Gadfly.Scale.y_sqrt, hasScaleKey
-  end
-  isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_continuous : Gadfly.Scale.y_continuous, hasScaleKey
-end
-
-
-function addGadflyLimitsScale(gplt, d::Dict, isx::Bool)
-
-  # get the correct scale function
-  gfunc, hasScaleKey = getGadflyScaleFunction(d, isx)
-  
-  # do we want to add min/max limits for the axis?
-  limsym = isx ? :xlims : :ylims
-  limargs = Any[]
-
-  # map :auto to nothing, otherwise add to limargs
-  lims = get(d, limsym, :auto)
-  # lims == :auto && return
-  if lims == :auto
-    lims = nothing
-  else
-    if limsType(lims) == :limits
-      push!(limargs, (:minvalue, min(lims...)))
-      push!(limargs, (:maxvalue, max(lims...)))
-    else
-      error("Invalid input for $(isx ? "xlims" : "ylims"): ", lims)
-    end
-  end
-
-  # replace any current scales with this one
-  if hasScaleKey || !isempty(limargs)
-    filterGadflyScale(gplt, isx)
-    push!(gplt.scales, gfunc(; limargs...))
-  end
-
-  lims
-end
-
-function updateGadflyAxisFlips(gplt, d::Dict, xlims, ylims)
-  if isa(gplt.coord, Gadfly.Coord.Cartesian)
-    gplt.coord = Gadfly.Coord.cartesian(
-        gplt.coord.xvars,
-        gplt.coord.yvars;
-        xmin = xlims == nothing ? gplt.coord.xmin : minimum(xlims),
-        xmax = xlims == nothing ? gplt.coord.xmax : maximum(xlims),
-        ymin = ylims == nothing ? gplt.coord.ymin : minimum(ylims),
-        ymax = ylims == nothing ? gplt.coord.ymax : maximum(ylims),
-        xflip = get(d, :xflip, gplt.coord.xflip),
-        yflip = get(d, :yflip, gplt.coord.yflip),
-        fixed = gplt.coord.fixed,
-        aspect_ratio = gplt.coord.aspect_ratio,
-        raster = gplt.coord.raster
-      )
-  else
-    gplt.coord = Gadfly.Coord.Cartesian(
-        xflip = get(d, :xflip, false),
-        yflip = get(d, :yflip, false)
-      )
-  end
-end
-
-
-function findGuideAndSet(gplt, t::DataType, args...; kw...) #s::@compat(AbstractString))
-  for (i,guide) in enumerate(gplt.guides)
-    if isa(guide, t)
-      gplt.guides[i] = t(args...; kw...)
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-function updateGadflyGuides(plt::Plot, d::Dict)
-  gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
-  haskey(d, :title) && findGuideAndSet(gplt, Gadfly.Guide.title, string(d[:title]))
-  haskey(d, :xlabel) && findGuideAndSet(gplt, Gadfly.Guide.xlabel, string(d[:xlabel]))
-  haskey(d, :ylabel) && findGuideAndSet(gplt, Gadfly.Guide.ylabel, string(d[:ylabel]))
-
-  xlims = addGadflyLimitsScale(gplt, d, true)
-  ylims = addGadflyLimitsScale(gplt, d, false)
-
-  ticks = get(d, :xticks, :auto)
-  if ticks == :none
-    _remove_axis(plt, true)
-  else
-    addGadflyTicksGuide(gplt, ticks, true)
-  end
-  ticks = get(d, :yticks, :auto)
-  if ticks == :none
-    _remove_axis(plt, false)
-  else
-    addGadflyTicksGuide(gplt, ticks, false)
-  end
-  # haskey(d, :yticks) && addGadflyTicksGuide(gplt, d[:yticks], false)
-
-  updateGadflyAxisFlips(gplt, d, xlims, ylims)
-end
-
-function updateGadflyPlotTheme(plt::Plot, d::Dict)
-  kwargs = Dict()
-
-  # # get the full plotargs, overriding any new settings
-  # # TODO: should this be part of the main `plot` command in plot.jl???
-  # d = merge!(plt.plotargs, d)
-
-  # # hide the legend?
-  # if !get(d, :legend, true)
-  #   kwargs[:key_position] = :none
-  # end
-  leg = d[d[:legend] == :none ? :colorbar : :legend]
-  if leg != :best
-    kwargs[:key_position] = leg == :inside ? :right : leg
-  end
-
-  if !get(d, :grid, true)
-    kwargs[:grid_color] = getColor(d[:background_color])
-  end
-
-  # fonts
-  tfont, gfont, lfont = d[:tickfont], d[:guidefont], d[:legendfont]
-
-  fg = getColor(d[:foreground_color])
-  getGadflyContext(plt).theme = Gadfly.Theme(;
-          background_color = getColor(d[:background_color]),
-          minor_label_color = fg,
-          minor_label_font = tfont.family,
-          minor_label_font_size = tfont.pointsize * Gadfly.pt,
-          major_label_color = fg,
-          major_label_font = gfont.family,
-          major_label_font_size = gfont.pointsize * Gadfly.pt,
-          key_title_color = fg,
-          key_title_font = gfont.family,
-          key_title_font_size = gfont.pointsize * Gadfly.pt,
-          key_label_color = fg,
-          key_label_font = lfont.family,
-          key_label_font_size = lfont.pointsize * Gadfly.pt,
-          plot_padding = 1 * Gadfly.mm,
-          kwargs...
-        )
-end
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-function createGadflyAnnotationObject(x, y, val::@compat(AbstractString))
-  Gadfly.Guide.annotation(Compose.compose(
-                              Compose.context(), 
-                              Compose.text(x, y, val)
-                            ))
-end
-
-function createGadflyAnnotationObject(x, y, txt::PlotText)
-  halign = (txt.font.halign == :hcenter ? Compose.hcenter : (txt.font.halign == :left ? Compose.hleft : Compose.hright))
-  valign = (txt.font.valign == :vcenter ? Compose.vcenter : (txt.font.valign == :top ? Compose.vtop : Compose.vbottom))
-  rotations = (txt.font.rotation == 0.0 ? [] : [Compose.Rotation(txt.font.rotation, Compose.Point(Compose.x_measure(x), Compose.y_measure(y)))])
-  Gadfly.Guide.annotation(Compose.compose(
-                              Compose.context(), 
-                              Compose.text(x, y, txt.str, halign, valign, rotations...),
-                              Compose.font(string(txt.font.family)),
-                              Compose.fontsize(txt.font.pointsize * Gadfly.pt),
-                              Compose.stroke(txt.font.color),
-                              Compose.fill(txt.font.color)
-                            ))
-end
-
-function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{GadflyPackage}, anns::AVec{@compat(Tuple{X,Y,V})})
-  for ann in anns
-    push!(plt.o.guides, createGadflyAnnotationObject(ann...))
-  end
-end
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# create a blank Gadfly.Plot object
-function _create_plot(pkg::GadflyPackage; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  gplt = createGadflyPlotObject(d)
-  Plot(gplt, pkg, 0, d, Dict[])
-end
-
-
-# plot one data series
-function _add_series(::GadflyPackage, plt::Plot; kw...)
-  
-  # first clear out the temporary layer
-  gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
-  if gplt.layers[1].geom.tag == :remove
-    gplt.layers = gplt.layers[2:end]
-  end
-
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  addGadflySeries!(plt, d)
-  push!(plt.seriesargs, d)
-  plt
-end
-
-
-
-function _update_plot(plt::Plot{GadflyPackage}, d::Dict)
-  updateGadflyGuides(plt, d)
-  updateGadflyPlotTheme(plt, d)
-end
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# accessors for x/y data
-
-# TODO: need to save all the layer indices which apply to this series
-function getGadflyMappings(plt::Plot, i::Integer)
-  @assert i > 0 && i <= plt.n
-  mappings = [l.mapping for l in plt.seriesargs[i][:gadflylayers]]
-end
-
-function Base.getindex(plt::Plot{GadflyPackage}, i::Integer)
-  mapping = getGadflyMappings(plt, i)[1]
-  mapping[:x], mapping[:y]
-end
-
-function Base.setindex!(plt::Plot{GadflyPackage}, xy::Tuple, i::Integer)
-  for mapping in getGadflyMappings(plt, i)
-    mapping[:x], mapping[:y] = xy
-  end
-  plt
-end
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-# create the underlying object (each backend will do this differently)
-function _create_subplot(subplt::Subplot{GadflyPackage}, isbefore::Bool)
-  isbefore && return false # wait until after plotting to create the subplots
-  subplt.o = nothing
-  true
-end
-
-
-function _remove_axis(plt::Plot{GadflyPackage}, isx::Bool)
-  gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
-  addOrReplace(gplt.guides, isx ? Gadfly.Guide.xticks : Gadfly.Guide.yticks; label=false)
-  addOrReplace(gplt.guides, isx ? Gadfly.Guide.xlabel : Gadfly.Guide.ylabel, "")
-end
-
-function _expand_limits(lims, plt::Plot{GadflyPackage}, isx::Bool)
-  for l in getGadflyContext(plt).layers
-    _expand_limits(lims, l.mapping[isx ? :x : :y])
-  end
-end
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-getGadflyContext(plt::Plot{GadflyPackage}) = plt.o
-getGadflyContext(subplt::Subplot{GadflyPackage}) = buildGadflySubplotContext(subplt)
-
-# create my Compose.Context grid by hstacking and vstacking the Gadfly.Plot objects
-function buildGadflySubplotContext(subplt::Subplot)
-  rows = Any[]
-  row = Any[]
-  for (i,(r,c)) in enumerate(subplt.layout)
-
-    # add the Plot object to the row
-    push!(row, getGadflyContext(subplt.plts[i]))
-
-    # add the row
-    if c == ncols(subplt.layout, r)
-      push!(rows, Gadfly.hstack(row...))
-      row = Any[]
-    end
-  end
-
-  # stack the rows
-  Gadfly.vstack(rows...)
-end
-
-setGadflyDisplaySize(w,h) = Compose.set_default_graphic_size(w * Compose.px, h * Compose.px)
-setGadflyDisplaySize(plt::Plot) = setGadflyDisplaySize(plt.plotargs[:size]...)
-setGadflyDisplaySize(subplt::Subplot) = setGadflyDisplaySize(getplotargs(subplt, 1)[:size]...)
-# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-function dowritemime{P<:Union{GadflyPackage,ImmersePackage}}(io::IO, func, plt::PlottingObject{P})
-  gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
-  setGadflyDisplaySize(plt)
-  Gadfly.draw(func(io, Compose.default_graphic_width, Compose.default_graphic_height), gplt)
-end
-
-getGadflyWriteFunc(::MIME"image/png") = Gadfly.PNG
-getGadflyWriteFunc(::MIME"image/svg+xml") = Gadfly.SVG
-# getGadflyWriteFunc(::MIME"text/html") = Gadfly.SVGJS
-getGadflyWriteFunc(::MIME"application/pdf") = Gadfly.PDF
-getGadflyWriteFunc(::MIME"application/postscript") = Gadfly.PS
-getGadflyWriteFunc(::MIME"application/x-tex") = Gadfly.PGF
-getGadflyWriteFunc(m::MIME) = error("Unsupported in Gadfly/Immerse: ", m)
-
-for mime in (MIME"image/png", MIME"image/svg+xml", MIME"application/pdf", MIME"application/postscript", MIME"application/x-tex")
-  @eval function Base.writemime{P<:Union{GadflyPackage,ImmersePackage}}(io::IO, ::$mime, plt::PlottingObject{P})
-    func = getGadflyWriteFunc($mime())
-    dowritemime(io, func, plt)
-  end
-end
-
-
-
-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{GadflyPackage})
-  setGadflyDisplaySize(plt.plotargs[:size]...)
-  display(plt.o)
-end
-
-
-
-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, subplt::Subplot{GadflyPackage})
-  setGadflyDisplaySize(getplotargs(subplt,1)[:size]...)
-  ctx = buildGadflySubplotContext(subplt)
-
-
-  # taken from Gadfly since I couldn't figure out how to do it directly
-
-  filename = string(Gadfly.tempname(), ".html")
-  output = open(filename, "w")
-
-  plot_output = IOBuffer()
-  Gadfly.draw(Gadfly.SVGJS(plot_output, Compose.default_graphic_width,
-             Compose.default_graphic_height, false), ctx)
-  plotsvg = takebuf_string(plot_output)
-
-  write(output,
-      """
-      <!DOCTYPE html>
-      <html>
-        <head>
-          <title>Gadfly Plot</title>
-          <meta charset="utf-8">
-        </head>
-          <body>
-          <script charset="utf-8">
-              $(readall(Compose.snapsvgjs))
-          </script>
-          <script charset="utf-8">
-              $(readall(Gadfly.gadflyjs))
-          </script>
-          $(plotsvg)
-        </body>
-      </html>
-      """)
-  close(output)
-  Gadfly.open_file(filename)
-end
@@ -0,0 +1,665 @@
+#HDF5 Plots: Save/replay plots to/from HDF5
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#==Usage
+===============================================================================
+Write to .hdf5 file using:
+    p = plot(...)
+   Plots.hdf5plot_write(p, "plotsave.hdf5")
+
+Read from .hdf5 file using:
+    pyplot() #Must first select backend
+    pread = Plots.hdf5plot_read("plotsave.hdf5")
+    display(pread)
+==#
+
+
+#==TODO
+===============================================================================
+ 1. Support more features
+    - SeriesAnnotations & GridLayout known to be missing.
+ 3. Improve error handling.
+    - Will likely crash if file format is off.
+ 2. Save data in a folder parallel to "plot".
+    - Will make it easier for users to locate data.
+    - Use HDF5 reference to link data?
+ 3. Develop an actual versioned file format.
+    - Should have some form of backward compatibility.
+    - Should be reliable for archival purposes.
+==#
+
+@require Revise begin
+    Revise.track(Plots, joinpath(Pkg.dir("Plots"), "src", "backends", "hdf5.jl"))
+end
+
+import FixedPointNumbers: N0f8 #In core Julia
+
+#Dispatch types:
+struct HDF5PlotNative; end #Indentifies a data element that can natively be handled by HDF5
+struct HDF5CTuple; end #Identifies a "complex" tuple structure
+
+mutable struct HDF5Plot_PlotRef
+	ref::Union{Plot, Void}
+end
+
+
+#==Useful constants
+===============================================================================#
+const _hdf5_plotroot = "plot"
+const _hdf5_dataroot = "data" #TODO: Eventually move data to different root (easier to locate)?
+const _hdf5plot_datatypeid = "TYPE" #Attribute identifying type
+const _hdf5plot_countid = "COUNT" #Attribute for storing count
+
+#Dict has problems using "Types" as keys.  Initialize in "_initialize_backend":
+const HDF5PLOT_MAP_STR2TELEM = Dict{String, Type}()
+const HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR = Dict{Type, String}()
+
+#Don't really like this global variable... Very hacky
+const HDF5PLOT_PLOTREF = HDF5Plot_PlotRef(nothing)
+
+#Simple sub-structures that can just be written out using _hdf5plot_gwritefields:
+const HDF5PLOT_SIMPLESUBSTRUCT = Union{Font, BoundingBox,
+	GridLayout, RootLayout, ColorGradient, SeriesAnnotations, PlotText
+}
+
+
+#==
+===============================================================================#
+
+const _hdf5_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
+    :annotations,
+    :background_color_legend, :background_color_inside, :background_color_outside,
+    :foreground_color_grid, :foreground_color_legend, :foreground_color_title,
+    :foreground_color_axis, :foreground_color_border, :foreground_color_guide, :foreground_color_text,
+    :label,
+    :linecolor, :linestyle, :linewidth, :linealpha,
+    :markershape, :markercolor, :markersize, :markeralpha,
+    :markerstrokewidth, :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha,
+    :fillrange, :fillcolor, :fillalpha,
+    :bins, :bar_width, :bar_edges, :bar_position,
+    :title, :title_location, :titlefont,
+    :window_title,
+    :guide, :lims, :ticks, :scale, :flip, :rotation,
+    :tickfont, :guidefont, :legendfont,
+    :grid, :legend, :colorbar,
+    :marker_z, :line_z, :fill_z,
+    :levels,
+    :ribbon, :quiver, :arrow,
+    :orientation,
+    :overwrite_figure,
+    :polar,
+    :normalize, :weights,
+    :contours, :aspect_ratio,
+    :match_dimensions,
+    :clims,
+    :inset_subplots,
+    :dpi,
+    :colorbar_title,
+  ])
+const _hdf5_seriestype = [
+        :path, :steppre, :steppost, :shape, :straightline,
+        :scatter, :hexbin, #:histogram2d, :histogram,
+        # :bar,
+        :heatmap, :pie, :image,
+        :contour, :contour3d, :path3d, :scatter3d, :surface, :wireframe
+    ]
+const _hdf5_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot]
+const _hdf5_marker = vcat(_allMarkers, :pixel)
+const _hdf5_scale = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]
+is_marker_supported(::HDF5Backend, shape::Shape) = true
+
+function add_backend_string(::HDF5Backend)
+    """
+    if !Plots.is_installed("HDF5")
+        Pkg.add("HDF5")
+    end
+    """
+end
+
+
+#==Helper functions
+===============================================================================#
+
+_hdf5_plotelempath(subpath::String) = "$_hdf5_plotroot/$subpath"
+_hdf5_datapath(subpath::String) = "$_hdf5_dataroot/$subpath"
+_hdf5_map_str2telem(k::String) = HDF5PLOT_MAP_STR2TELEM[k]
+_hdf5_map_str2telem(v::Vector) = HDF5PLOT_MAP_STR2TELEM[v[1]]
+
+function _hdf5_merge!(dest::Dict, src::Dict)
+    for (k, v) in src
+        if isa(v, Axis)
+            _hdf5_merge!(dest[k].d, v.d)
+        else
+            dest[k] = v
+        end
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+
+#==
+===============================================================================#
+
+function _initialize_backend(::HDF5Backend)
+    @eval begin
+        import HDF5
+        export HDF5
+        if length(HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR) < 1
+            #Possible element types of high-level data types:
+            const telem2str = Dict{String, Type}(
+                "NATIVE" => HDF5PlotNative,
+                "VOID" => Void,
+                "BOOL" => Bool,
+                "SYMBOL" => Symbol,
+                "TUPLE" => Tuple,
+                "CTUPLE" => HDF5CTuple, #Tuple of complex structures
+                "RGBA" => ARGB{N0f8},
+                "EXTREMA" => Extrema,
+                "LENGTH" => Length,
+                "ARRAY" => Array, #Dict won't allow Array to be key in HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR
+
+                #Sub-structure types:
+                "FONT" => Font,
+                "BOUNDINGBOX" => BoundingBox,
+                "GRIDLAYOUT" => GridLayout,
+                "ROOTLAYOUT" => RootLayout,
+                "SERIESANNOTATIONS" => SeriesAnnotations,
+#                "PLOTTEXT" => PlotText,
+                "COLORGRADIENT" => ColorGradient,
+                "AXIS" => Axis,
+                "SURFACE" => Surface,
+                "SUBPLOT" => Subplot,
+                "NULLABLE" => Nullable,
+            )
+            merge!(HDF5PLOT_MAP_STR2TELEM, telem2str)
+            merge!(HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR, Dict{Type, String}(v=>k for (k,v) in HDF5PLOT_MAP_STR2TELEM))
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Create the window/figure for this backend.
+function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend})
+    #Do nothing
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# # this is called early in the pipeline, use it to make the plot current or something
+# function _prepare_plot_object(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend})
+# end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Set up the subplot within the backend object.
+function _initialize_subplot(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend}, sp::Subplot{HDF5Backend})
+    #Do nothing
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Add one series to the underlying backend object.
+# Called once per series
+# NOTE: Seems to be called when user calls plot()... even if backend
+#       plot, sp.o has not yet been constructed...
+function _series_added(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend}, series::Series)
+    #Do nothing
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# When series data is added/changed, this callback can do dynamic updates to the backend object.
+# note: if the backend rebuilds the plot from scratch on display, then you might not do anything here.
+function _series_updated(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend}, series::Series)
+    #Do nothing
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# called just before updating layout bounding boxes... in case you need to prep
+# for the calcs
+function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend})
+    #Do nothing
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Set the (left, top, right, bottom) minimum padding around the plot area
+# to fit ticks, tick labels, guides, colorbars, etc.
+function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot{HDF5Backend})
+    #Do nothing
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Override this to update plot items (title, xlabel, etc), and add annotations (d[:annotations])
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend})
+    #Do nothing
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Display/show the plot (open a GUI window, or browser page, for example).
+function _display(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend})
+    msg = "HDF5 interface does not support `display()` function."
+    msg *= "\nUse `Plots.hdf5plot_write(::String)` method to write to .HDF5 \"plot\" file instead."
+    warn(msg)
+    return
+end
+
+
+#==HDF5 write functions
+===============================================================================#
+
+function _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k::String, tstr::Array{String})
+    d = HDF5.d_open(grp, k)
+    HDF5.a_write(d, _hdf5plot_datatypeid, tstr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k::String, T::Type)
+    tstr = HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR[T]
+    d = HDF5.d_open(grp, k)
+    HDF5.a_write(d, _hdf5plot_datatypeid, tstr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_overwritetype(grp, k::String, T::Type)
+    tstr = HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR[T]
+    d = HDF5.d_open(grp, k)
+    HDF5.a_delete(d, _hdf5plot_datatypeid)
+    HDF5.a_write(d, _hdf5plot_datatypeid, tstr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, T::Type) #Write directly to group
+    tstr = HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR[T]
+    HDF5.a_write(grp, _hdf5plot_datatypeid, tstr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_overwritetype(grp, T::Type) #Write directly to group
+    tstr = HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR[T]
+    HDF5.a_delete(grp, _hdf5plot_datatypeid)
+    HDF5.a_write(grp, _hdf5plot_datatypeid, tstr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, ::Type{Array{T}}) where T<:Any
+    tstr = HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR[Array] #ANY
+    HDF5.a_write(grp, _hdf5plot_datatypeid, tstr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, ::Type{T}) where T<:BoundingBox
+    tstr = HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR[BoundingBox]
+    HDF5.a_write(grp, _hdf5plot_datatypeid, tstr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_writecount(grp, n::Int) #Write directly to group
+    HDF5.a_write(grp, _hdf5plot_countid, n)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwritefields(grp, k::String, v)
+    grp = HDF5.g_create(grp, k)
+    for _k in fieldnames(v)
+        _v = getfield(v, _k)
+        kstr = string(_k)
+        _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, kstr, _v)
+    end
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, typeof(v))
+    return
+end
+
+# Write data
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v) #Default
+    grp[k] = v
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, HDF5PlotNative)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Array{T}) where T<:Number #Default for arrays
+    grp[k] = v
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, HDF5PlotNative)
+end
+#=
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Array{Any})
+#    @show grp, k
+    warn("Cannot write Array: $k=$v")
+end
+=#
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Void)
+    grp[k] = 0
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, Void)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Bool)
+    grp[k] = Int(v)
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, Bool)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Symbol)
+    grp[k] = string(v)
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, Symbol)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Tuple)
+    varr = [v...]
+    elt = eltype(varr)
+#    if isleaftype(elt)
+
+    _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k, varr)
+    if elt <: Number
+        #We just wrote a simple dataset
+        _hdf5plot_overwritetype(grp, k, Tuple)
+    else #Used a more complex scheme (using subgroups):
+        _hdf5plot_overwritetype(grp[k], HDF5CTuple)
+    end
+    #NOTE: _hdf5plot_overwritetype overwrites "Array" type with "Tuple".
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, d::Dict)
+#    warn("Cannot write dict: $k=$d")
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Range)
+    _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k, collect(v)) #For now
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::ARGB{N0f8})
+    grp[k] = [v.r.i, v.g.i, v.b.i, v.alpha.i]
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, ARGB{N0f8})
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Colorant)
+    _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k, ARGB{N0f8}(v))
+end
+#Custom vector (when not using simple numeric type):
+function _hdf5plot_gwritearray(grp, k::String, v::Array{T}) where T
+    if "annotations" == k;
+        return #Hack.  Does not yet support annotations.
+    end
+
+    vgrp = HDF5.g_create(grp, k)
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(vgrp, Array) #ANY
+    sz = size(v)
+
+    for iter in eachindex(v)
+        coord = ind2sub(sz, iter)
+        elem = v[iter]
+        idxstr = join(coord, "_")
+        _hdf5plot_gwrite(vgrp, "v$idxstr", v[iter])
+    end
+
+    _hdf5plot_gwrite(vgrp, "dim", [sz...])
+    return
+end
+_hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Array) =
+	_hdf5plot_gwritearray(grp, k, v)
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Extrema)
+    grp[k] = [v.emin, v.emax]
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, Extrema)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Length{T}) where T
+    grp[k] = v.value
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, [HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR[Length], string(T)])
+end
+
+# Write more complex structures:
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Plot)
+    #Don't write plot references
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::HDF5PLOT_SIMPLESUBSTRUCT)
+    _hdf5plot_gwritefields(grp, k, v)
+    return
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Axis)
+    grp = HDF5.g_create(grp, k)
+    for (_k, _v) in v.d
+        kstr = string(_k)
+        _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, kstr, _v)
+    end
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, Axis)
+    return
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Surface)
+	grp = HDF5.g_create(grp, k)
+	_hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, "data2d", v.surf)
+	_hdf5plot_writetype(grp, Surface)
+end
+#TODO: "Properly" support Nullable using _hdf5plot_writetype?
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Nullable)
+    if isnull(v)
+        _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k, nothing)
+    else
+        _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k, v.value)
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::SeriesAnnotations)
+    #Currently no support for SeriesAnnotations
+    return
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Subplot)
+    grp = HDF5.g_create(grp, k)
+    _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, "index", v[:subplot_index])
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, Subplot)
+    return
+end
+function _hdf5plot_write(grp, d::Dict)
+    for (k, v) in d
+        kstr = string(k)
+        _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, kstr, v)
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+# Write main plot structures:
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _hdf5plot_write(sp::Subplot{HDF5Backend}, subpath::String, f)
+    f = f::HDF5.HDF5File #Assert
+    grp = HDF5.g_create(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("$subpath/attr"))
+    _hdf5plot_write(grp, sp.attr)
+    grp = HDF5.g_create(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("$subpath/series_list"))
+    _hdf5plot_writecount(grp, length(sp.series_list))
+    for (i, series) in enumerate(sp.series_list)
+        grp = HDF5.g_create(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("$subpath/series_list/series$i"))
+        _hdf5plot_write(grp, series.d)
+    end
+
+    return
+end
+
+function _hdf5plot_write(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend}, f)
+    f = f::HDF5.HDF5File #Assert
+
+    grp = HDF5.g_create(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("attr"))
+    _hdf5plot_write(grp, plt.attr)
+
+    grp = HDF5.g_create(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("subplots"))
+    _hdf5plot_writecount(grp, length(plt.subplots))
+
+    for (i, sp) in enumerate(plt.subplots)
+        _hdf5plot_write(sp, "subplots/subplot$i", f)
+    end
+
+    return
+end
+function hdf5plot_write(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend}, path::AbstractString)
+    HDF5.h5open(path, "w") do file
+        _hdf5plot_write(plt, file)
+    end
+end
+hdf5plot_write(path::AbstractString) = hdf5plot_write(current(), path)
+
+
+#==HDF5 playback (read) functions
+===============================================================================#
+
+function _hdf5plot_readcount(grp) #Read directly from group
+    return HDF5.a_read(grp, _hdf5plot_countid)
+end
+
+_hdf5plot_convert(T::Type{HDF5PlotNative}, v) = v
+_hdf5plot_convert(T::Type{Void}, v) = nothing
+_hdf5plot_convert(T::Type{Bool}, v) = (v!=0)
+_hdf5plot_convert(T::Type{Symbol}, v) = Symbol(v)
+_hdf5plot_convert(T::Type{Tuple}, v) = tuple(v...) #With Vector{T<:Number}
+function _hdf5plot_convert(T::Type{ARGB{N0f8}}, v)
+    r, g, b, a = reinterpret(N0f8, v)
+    return Colors.ARGB{N0f8}(r, g, b, a)
+end
+_hdf5plot_convert(T::Type{Extrema}, v) = Extrema(v[1], v[2])
+
+# Read data structures:
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type, dtid)
+    v = HDF5.d_read(grp, k)
+    return _hdf5plot_convert(T, v)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{Length}, dtid::Vector)
+    v = HDF5.d_read(grp, k)
+    TU = Symbol(dtid[2])
+    T = typeof(v)
+    return Length{TU,T}(v)
+end
+
+# Read more complex data structures:
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{Font}, dtid)
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+
+    family = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "family")
+    pointsize = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "pointsize")
+    halign = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "halign")
+    valign = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "valign")
+    rotation = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "rotation")
+    color = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "color")
+    return Font(family, pointsize, halign, valign, rotation, color)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{Array}, dtid) #ANY
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+    sz = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "dim")
+    if [0] == sz; return []; end
+    sz = tuple(sz...)
+    result = Array{Any}(sz)
+
+    for iter in eachindex(result)
+        coord = ind2sub(sz, iter)
+        idxstr = join(coord, "_")
+        result[iter] = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "v$idxstr")
+    end
+
+    #Hack: Implicitly make Julia detect element type.
+    #      (Should probably write it explicitly to file)
+    result = [result[iter] for iter in eachindex(result)] #Potentially make more specific
+    return reshape(result, sz)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{HDF5CTuple}, dtid)
+    v = _hdf5plot_read(grp, k, Array, dtid)
+    return tuple(v...)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{ColorGradient}, dtid)
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+
+    colors = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "colors")
+    values = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "values")
+    return ColorGradient(colors, values)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{BoundingBox}, dtid)
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+
+    x0 = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "x0")
+    a = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "a")
+    return BoundingBox(x0, a)
+end
+_hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{RootLayout}, dtid) = RootLayout()
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{GridLayout}, dtid)
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+
+#    parent = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "parent")
+parent = RootLayout()
+    minpad = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "minpad")
+    bbox = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "bbox")
+    grid = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "grid")
+    widths = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "widths")
+    heights = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "heights")
+    attr = KW() #TODO support attr: _hdf5plot_read(grp, "attr")
+
+    return GridLayout(parent, minpad, bbox, grid, widths, heights, attr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{Axis}, dtid)
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+    kwlist = KW()
+    _hdf5plot_read(grp, kwlist)
+    return Axis([], kwlist)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{Surface}, dtid)
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+    data2d = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "data2d")
+    return Surface(data2d)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{Subplot}, dtid)
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+    idx = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "index")
+    return HDF5PLOT_PLOTREF.ref.subplots[idx]
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String)
+    dtid = HDF5.a_read(grp[k], _hdf5plot_datatypeid)
+    T = _hdf5_map_str2telem(dtid) #expect exception
+    return _hdf5plot_read(grp, k, T, dtid)
+end
+
+#Read in values in group to populate d:
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, d::Dict)
+    gnames = names(grp)
+    for k in gnames
+        try
+            v = _hdf5plot_read(grp, k)
+            d[Symbol(k)] = v
+        catch e
+            @show e
+            @show grp
+            warn("Could not read field $k")
+        end
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+# Read main plot structures:
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _hdf5plot_read(sp::Subplot, subpath::String, f)
+    f = f::HDF5.HDF5File #Assert
+
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("$subpath/attr"))
+    kwlist = KW()
+    _hdf5plot_read(grp, kwlist)
+    _hdf5_merge!(sp.attr, kwlist)
+
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("$subpath/series_list"))
+    nseries = _hdf5plot_readcount(grp)
+
+    for i in 1:nseries
+        grp = HDF5.g_open(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("$subpath/series_list/series$i"))
+        kwlist = KW()
+        _hdf5plot_read(grp, kwlist)
+        plot!(sp, kwlist[:x], kwlist[:y]) #Add data & create data structures
+        _hdf5_merge!(sp.series_list[end].d, kwlist)
+    end
+
+    return
+end
+
+function _hdf5plot_read(plt::Plot, f)
+    f = f::HDF5.HDF5File #Assert
+    #Assumpltion: subplots are already allocated (plt.subplots)
+
+    HDF5PLOT_PLOTREF.ref = plt #Used when reading "layout"
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("attr"))
+    _hdf5plot_read(grp, plt.attr)
+
+    for (i, sp) in enumerate(plt.subplots)
+        _hdf5plot_read(sp, "subplots/subplot$i", f)
+    end
+
+    return
+end
+
+function hdf5plot_read(path::AbstractString)
+    plt = nothing
+    HDF5.h5open(path, "r") do file
+        grp = HDF5.g_open(file, _hdf5_plotelempath("subplots"))
+        n = _hdf5plot_readcount(grp)
+        plt = plot(layout=n) #Get reference to a new plot
+        _hdf5plot_read(plt, file)
+    end
+    return plt
+end
+
+#Last line
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-
-# https://github.com/JuliaGraphics/Immerse.jl
-
-function _initialize_backend(::ImmersePackage; kw...)
-  @eval begin
-    import Immerse, Gadfly, Compose, Gtk
-    export Immerse, Gadfly, Compose, Gtk
-    include(joinpath(Pkg.dir("Plots"), "src", "backends", "gadfly_shapes.jl"))
-  end
-end
-
-function createImmerseFigure(d::Dict)
-  w,h = d[:size]
-  figidx = Immerse.figure(; name = d[:windowtitle], width = w, height = h)
-  Immerse.Figure(figidx)
-end
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-# create a blank Gadfly.Plot object
-function _create_plot(pkg::ImmersePackage; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-
-  # create the underlying Gadfly.Plot object
-  gplt = createGadflyPlotObject(d)
-
-  # save both the Immerse.Figure and the Gadfly.Plot
-  Plot((nothing,gplt), pkg, 0, d, Dict[])
-end
-
-
-# plot one data series
-function _add_series(::ImmersePackage, plt::Plot; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  addGadflySeries!(plt, d)
-  push!(plt.seriesargs, d)
-  plt
-end
-
-
-function _update_plot(plt::Plot{ImmersePackage}, d::Dict)
-  updateGadflyGuides(plt, d)
-  updateGadflyPlotTheme(plt, d)
-end
-
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{ImmersePackage}, anns::AVec{@compat(Tuple{X,Y,V})})
-  for ann in anns
-    push!(getGadflyContext(plt).guides, createGadflyAnnotationObject(ann...))
-  end
-end
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# accessors for x/y data
-
-function Base.getindex(plt::Plot{ImmersePackage}, i::Integer)
-  mapping = getGadflyMappings(plt, i)[1]
-  mapping[:x], mapping[:y]
-end
-
-function Base.setindex!(plt::Plot{ImmersePackage}, xy::Tuple, i::Integer)
-  for mapping in getGadflyMappings(plt, i)
-    mapping[:x], mapping[:y] = xy
-  end
-  plt
-end
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-function _create_subplot(subplt::Subplot{ImmersePackage}, isbefore::Bool)
-  return false
-  # isbefore && return false
-end
-
-function showSubplotObject(subplt::Subplot{ImmersePackage})
-  # create the Gtk window with vertical box vsep
-  d = getplotargs(subplt,1)
-  w,h = d[:size]
-  vsep = Gtk.GtkBoxLeaf(:v)
-  win = Gtk.GtkWindowLeaf(vsep, d[:windowtitle], w, h)
-
-  figindices = []
-  row = Gtk.GtkBoxLeaf(:h)
-  push!(vsep, row)
-  for (i,(r,c)) in enumerate(subplt.layout)
-    plt = subplt.plts[i]
-
-    # get the components... box is the main plot GtkBox, and canvas is the GtkCanvas where it's plotted
-    box, toolbar, canvas = Immerse.createPlotGuiComponents()
-
-    # add the plot's box to the row
-    push!(row, box)
-
-    # create the figure and store the index returned for destruction later
-    figidx = Immerse.figure(canvas)
-    push!(figindices, figidx)
-
-    fig = Immerse.figure(figidx)
-    plt.o = (fig, plt.o[2])
-
-    # add the row
-    if c == ncols(subplt.layout, r)
-      row = Gtk.GtkBoxLeaf(:h)
-      push!(vsep, row)
-    end
-
-  end
-
-  # destructor... clean up plots
-  Gtk.on_signal_destroy((x...) -> ([Immerse.dropfig(Immerse._display,i) for i in figindices]; subplt.o = nothing), win)
-
-  subplt.o = win
-  true
-end
-
-
-function _remove_axis(plt::Plot{ImmersePackage}, isx::Bool)
-  gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
-  addOrReplace(gplt.guides, isx ? Gadfly.Guide.xticks : Gadfly.Guide.yticks; label=false)
-  addOrReplace(gplt.guides, isx ? Gadfly.Guide.xlabel : Gadfly.Guide.ylabel, "")
-end
-
-function _expand_limits(lims, plt::Plot{ImmersePackage}, isx::Bool)
-  for l in getGadflyContext(plt).layers
-    _expand_limits(lims, l.mapping[isx ? :x : :y])
-  end
-end
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-getGadflyContext(plt::Plot{ImmersePackage}) = plt.o[2]
-getGadflyContext(subplt::Subplot{ImmersePackage}) = buildGadflySubplotContext(subplt)
-
-
-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{ImmersePackage})
-
-  fig, gplt = plt.o
-  if fig == nothing
-    fig = createImmerseFigure(plt.plotargs)
-    Gtk.on_signal_destroy((x...) -> (Immerse.dropfig(Immerse._display, fig.figno); plt.o = (nothing,gplt)), fig.canvas)
-    plt.o = (fig, gplt)
-  end
-
-  Immerse.figure(fig.figno; displayfig = false)
-  display(gplt)
-end
-
-
-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, subplt::Subplot{ImmersePackage})
-
-  # if we haven't created the window yet, do it
-  if subplt.o == nothing
-    showSubplotObject(subplt)
-  end
-
-  # display the plots by creating a fresh Immerse.Figure object from the GtkCanvas and Gadfly.Plot
-  for plt in subplt.plts
-    fig, gplt = plt.o
-    Immerse.figure(fig.figno; displayfig = false)
-    display(gplt)
-  end
-
-  # o is the window... show it
-  showall(subplt.o)
-end
@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+
+# https://github.com/ma-laforge/InspectDR.jl
+
+#=TODO:
+    Tweak scale factor for width & other sizes
+
+Not supported by InspectDR:
+    :foreground_color_grid
+    :foreground_color_border
+    :polar,
+
+Add in functionality to Plots.jl:
+    :aspect_ratio,
+=#
+
+@require Revise begin
+    Revise.track(Plots, joinpath(Pkg.dir("Plots"), "src", "backends", "inspectdr.jl"))
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#TODO: remove features
+const _inspectdr_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
+    :annotations,
+    :background_color_legend, :background_color_inside, :background_color_outside,
+    # :foreground_color_grid,
+    :foreground_color_legend, :foreground_color_title,
+    :foreground_color_axis, :foreground_color_border, :foreground_color_guide, :foreground_color_text,
+    :label,
+    :linecolor, :linestyle, :linewidth, :linealpha,
+    :markershape, :markercolor, :markersize, :markeralpha,
+    :markerstrokewidth, :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha,
+    :markerstrokestyle, #Causes warning not to have it... what is this?
+    :fillcolor, :fillalpha, #:fillrange,
+#    :bins, :bar_width, :bar_edges, :bar_position,
+    :title, :title_location,
+    :window_title,
+    :guide, :lims, :scale, #:ticks, :flip, :rotation,
+    :titlefontfamily, :titlefontsize, :titlefontcolor,
+    :legendfontfamily, :legendfontsize, :legendfontcolor,
+    :tickfontfamily, :tickfontsize, :tickfontcolor,
+    :guidefontfamily, :guidefontsize, :guidefontcolor,
+    :grid, :legend, #:colorbar,
+#    :marker_z,
+#    :line_z,
+#    :levels,
+ #   :ribbon, :quiver, :arrow,
+#    :orientation,
+    :overwrite_figure,
+    :polar,
+#    :normalize, :weights,
+#    :contours, :aspect_ratio,
+    :match_dimensions,
+#    :clims,
+#    :inset_subplots,
+    :dpi,
+#    :colorbar_title,
+  ])
+const _inspectdr_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot]
+const _inspectdr_seriestype = [
+        :path, :scatter, :shape, :straightline, #, :steppre, :steppost
+    ]
+#see: _allMarkers, _shape_keys
+const _inspectdr_marker = Symbol[
+    :none, :auto,
+    :circle, :rect, :diamond,
+    :cross, :xcross,
+    :utriangle, :dtriangle, :rtriangle, :ltriangle,
+    :pentagon, :hexagon, :heptagon, :octagon,
+    :star4, :star5, :star6, :star7, :star8,
+    :vline, :hline, :+, :x,
+]
+
+const _inspectdr_scale = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]
+
+is_marker_supported(::InspectDRBackend, shape::Shape) = true
+
+_inspectdr_to_pixels(bb::BoundingBox) =
+    InspectDR.BoundingBox(to_pixels(left(bb)), to_pixels(right(bb)), to_pixels(top(bb)), to_pixels(bottom(bb)))
+
+#Do we avoid Map to avoid possible pre-comile issues?
+function _inspectdr_mapglyph(s::Symbol)
+    s == :rect && return :square
+    return s
+end
+
+function _inspectdr_mapglyph(s::Shape)
+    x, y = coords(s)
+    return InspectDR.GlyphPolyline(x, y)
+end
+
+# py_marker(markers::AVec) = map(py_marker, markers)
+function _inspectdr_mapglyph(markers::AVec)
+    warn("Vectors of markers are currently unsupported in InspectDR.")
+    _inspectdr_mapglyph(markers[1])
+end
+
+_inspectdr_mapglyphsize(v::Real) = v
+function _inspectdr_mapglyphsize(v::Vector)
+    warn("Vectors of marker sizes are currently unsupported in InspectDR.")
+    _inspectdr_mapglyphsize(v[1])
+end
+
+_inspectdr_mapcolor(v::Colorant) = v
+function _inspectdr_mapcolor(g::PlotUtils.ColorGradient)
+    warn("Color gradients are currently unsupported in InspectDR.")
+    #Pick middle color:
+    _inspectdr_mapcolor(g.colors[div(1+end,2)])
+end
+function _inspectdr_mapcolor(v::AVec)
+    warn("Vectors of colors are currently unsupported in InspectDR.")
+    #Pick middle color:
+    _inspectdr_mapcolor(v[div(1+end,2)])
+end
+
+#Hack: suggested point size does not seem adequate relative to plot size, for some reason.
+_inspectdr_mapptsize(v) = 1.5*v
+
+function _inspectdr_add_annotations(plot, x, y, val)
+    #What kind of annotation is this?
+end
+
+#plot::InspectDR.Plot2D
+function _inspectdr_add_annotations(plot, x, y, val::PlotText)
+    vmap = Dict{Symbol, Symbol}(:top=>:t, :bottom=>:b) #:vcenter
+    hmap = Dict{Symbol, Symbol}(:left=>:l, :right=>:r) #:hcenter
+    align = Symbol(get(vmap, val.font.valign, :c), get(hmap, val.font.halign, :c))
+    fnt = InspectDR.Font(val.font.family, val.font.pointsize,
+        color =_inspectdr_mapcolor(val.font.color)
+    )
+    ann = InspectDR.atext(val.str, x=x, y=y,
+        font=fnt, angle=val.font.rotation, align=align
+    )
+    InspectDR.add(plot, ann)
+    return
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _inspectdr_getscale(s::Symbol, yaxis::Bool)
+#TODO: Support :asinh, :sqrt
+    kwargs = yaxis ? (:tgtmajor=>8, :tgtminor=>2) : () #More grid lines on y-axis
+    if :log2 == s
+        return InspectDR.AxisScale(:log2; kwargs...)
+    elseif :log10 == s
+        return InspectDR.AxisScale(:log10; kwargs...)
+    elseif :ln == s
+        return InspectDR.AxisScale(:ln; kwargs...)
+    else #identity
+        return InspectDR.AxisScale(:lin; kwargs...)
+    end
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function add_backend_string(::InspectDRBackend)
+    """
+    if !Plots.is_installed("InspectDR")
+        Pkg.add("InspectDR")
+    end
+    """
+end
+
+function _initialize_backend(::InspectDRBackend; kw...)
+    @eval begin
+        import InspectDR
+        export InspectDR
+
+        #Glyph used when plotting "Shape"s:
+        const INSPECTDR_GLYPH_SHAPE = InspectDR.GlyphPolyline(
+            2*InspectDR.GLYPH_SQUARE.x, InspectDR.GLYPH_SQUARE.y
+        )
+
+        mutable struct InspecDRPlotRef
+            mplot::Union{Void, InspectDR.Multiplot}
+            gui::Union{Void, InspectDR.GtkPlot}
+        end
+
+        _inspectdr_getmplot(::Any) = nothing
+        _inspectdr_getmplot(r::InspecDRPlotRef) = r.mplot
+
+        _inspectdr_getgui(::Any) = nothing
+        _inspectdr_getgui(gplot::InspectDR.GtkPlot) = (gplot.destroyed ? nothing : gplot)
+        _inspectdr_getgui(r::InspecDRPlotRef) = _inspectdr_getgui(r.gui)
+    end
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Create the window/figure for this backend.
+function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
+    mplot = _inspectdr_getmplot(plt.o)
+    gplot = _inspectdr_getgui(plt.o)
+
+    #:overwrite_figure: want to reuse current figure
+    if plt[:overwrite_figure] && mplot != nothing
+        mplot.subplots = [] #Reset
+        if gplot != nothing #Ensure still references current plot
+            gplot.src = mplot
+        end
+    else #want new one:
+        mplot = InspectDR.Multiplot()
+        gplot = nothing #Will be created later
+    end
+
+    #break link with old subplots
+    for sp in plt.subplots
+        sp.o = nothing
+    end
+
+    return InspecDRPlotRef(mplot, gplot)
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# # this is called early in the pipeline, use it to make the plot current or something
+# function _prepare_plot_object(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
+# end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Set up the subplot within the backend object.
+function _initialize_subplot(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend}, sp::Subplot{InspectDRBackend})
+    plot = sp.o
+    #Don't do anything without a "subplot" object:  Will process later.
+    if nothing == plot; return; end
+    plot.data = []
+    plot.userannot = [] #Clear old markers/text annotation/polyline "annotation"
+    return plot
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Add one series to the underlying backend object.
+# Called once per series
+# NOTE: Seems to be called when user calls plot()... even if backend
+#       plot, sp.o has not yet been constructed...
+function _series_added(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend}, series::Series)
+    st = series[:seriestype]
+    sp = series[:subplot]
+    plot = sp.o
+
+    #Don't do anything without a "subplot" object:  Will process later.
+    if nothing == plot; return; end
+
+    _vectorize(v) = isa(v, Vector) ? v : collect(v) #InspectDR only supports vectors
+    x, y = if st == :straightline
+        straightline_data(series)
+    else
+        _vectorize(series[:x]), _vectorize(series[:y])
+    end
+
+    #No support for polar grid... but can still perform polar transformation:
+    if ispolar(sp)
+        Θ = x; r = y
+        x = r.*cos.(Θ); y = r.*sin.(Θ)
+    end
+
+    # doesn't handle mismatched x/y - wrap data (pyplot behaviour):
+    nx = length(x); ny = length(y)
+    if nx < ny
+        series[:x] = Float64[x[mod1(i,nx)] for i=1:ny]
+    elseif ny > nx
+        series[:y] = Float64[y[mod1(i,ny)] for i=1:nx]
+    end
+
+#= TODO: Eventually support
+    series[:fillcolor] #I think this is fill under line
+    zorder = series[:series_plotindex]
+
+For st in :shape:
+    zorder = series[:series_plotindex],
+=#
+
+    if st in (:shape,)
+        x, y = shape_data(series)
+        nmax = 0
+        for (i,rng) in enumerate(iter_segments(x, y))
+            nmax = i
+            if length(rng) > 1
+                linewidth = series[:linewidth]
+                linecolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(_cycle(series[:linecolor], i))
+                fillcolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(_cycle(series[:fillcolor], i))
+                line = InspectDR.line(
+                    style=:solid, width=linewidth, color=linecolor
+                )
+                apline = InspectDR.PolylineAnnotation(
+                    x[rng], y[rng], line=line, fillcolor=fillcolor
+                )
+                InspectDR.add(plot, apline)
+            end
+        end
+
+        i = (nmax >= 2 ? div(nmax, 2) : nmax) #Must pick one set of colors for legend
+        if i > 1 #Add dummy waveform for legend entry:
+            linewidth = series[:linewidth]
+            linecolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(_cycle(series[:linecolor], i))
+            fillcolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(_cycle(series[:fillcolor], i))
+            wfrm = InspectDR.add(plot, Float64[], Float64[], id=series[:label])
+            wfrm.line = InspectDR.line(
+                style=:none, width=linewidth, #linewidth affects glyph
+            )
+            wfrm.glyph = InspectDR.glyph(
+                shape = INSPECTDR_GLYPH_SHAPE, size = 8,
+                color = linecolor, fillcolor = fillcolor
+            )
+        end
+   elseif st in (:path, :scatter, :straightline) #, :steppre, :steppost)
+        #NOTE: In Plots.jl, :scatter plots have 0-linewidths (I think).
+        linewidth = series[:linewidth]
+        #More efficient & allows some support for markerstrokewidth:
+        _style = (0==linewidth ? :none : series[:linestyle])
+        wfrm = InspectDR.add(plot, x, y, id=series[:label])
+        wfrm.line = InspectDR.line(
+            style = _style,
+            width = series[:linewidth],
+            color = series[:linecolor],
+        )
+        #InspectDR does not control markerstrokewidth independently.
+        if :none == _style
+            #Use this property only if no line is displayed:
+            wfrm.line.width = series[:markerstrokewidth]
+        end
+        wfrm.glyph = InspectDR.glyph(
+            shape = _inspectdr_mapglyph(series[:markershape]),
+            size = _inspectdr_mapglyphsize(series[:markersize]),
+            color = _inspectdr_mapcolor(series[:markerstrokecolor]),
+            fillcolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(series[:markercolor]),
+        )
+    end
+
+    # this is all we need to add the series_annotations text
+    anns = series[:series_annotations]
+    for (xi,yi,str,fnt) in EachAnn(anns, x, y)
+        _inspectdr_add_annotations(plot, xi, yi, PlotText(str, fnt))
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# When series data is added/changed, this callback can do dynamic updates to the backend object.
+# note: if the backend rebuilds the plot from scratch on display, then you might not do anything here.
+function _series_updated(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend}, series::Series)
+    #Nothing to do
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _inspectdr_setupsubplot(sp::Subplot{InspectDRBackend})
+    const plot = sp.o
+    const strip = plot.strips[1] #Only 1 strip supported with Plots.jl
+
+    xaxis = sp[:xaxis]; yaxis = sp[:yaxis]
+    xgrid_show = xaxis[:grid]
+    ygrid_show = yaxis[:grid]
+
+    strip.grid = InspectDR.GridRect(
+    	vmajor=xgrid_show, # vminor=xgrid_show,
+    	hmajor=ygrid_show, # hminor=ygrid_show,
+    )
+
+        plot.xscale = _inspectdr_getscale(xaxis[:scale], false)
+        strip.yscale = _inspectdr_getscale(yaxis[:scale], true)
+        xmin, xmax  = axis_limits(xaxis)
+        ymin, ymax  = axis_limits(yaxis)
+        if ispolar(sp)
+            #Plots.jl appears to give (xmin,xmax) ≜ (Θmin,Θmax) & (ymin,ymax) ≜ (rmin,rmax)
+            rmax = NaNMath.max(abs(ymin), abs(ymax))
+            xmin, xmax = -rmax, rmax
+            ymin, ymax = -rmax, rmax
+        end
+        plot.xext = InspectDR.PExtents1D() #reset
+        strip.yext = InspectDR.PExtents1D() #reset
+        plot.xext_full = InspectDR.PExtents1D(xmin, xmax)
+        strip.yext_full = InspectDR.PExtents1D(ymin, ymax)
+    a = plot.annotation
+        a.title = sp[:title]
+        a.xlabel = xaxis[:guide]; a.ylabels = [yaxis[:guide]]
+
+    l = plot.layout
+        l[:frame_canvas].fillcolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(sp[:background_color_subplot])
+        l[:frame_data].fillcolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(sp[:background_color_inside])
+        l[:frame_data].line.color = _inspectdr_mapcolor(xaxis[:foreground_color_axis])
+        l[:font_title] = InspectDR.Font(sp[:titlefontfamily],
+            _inspectdr_mapptsize(sp[:titlefontsize]),
+            color = _inspectdr_mapcolor(sp[:titlefontcolor])
+        )
+        #Cannot independently control fonts of axes with InspectDR:
+        l[:font_axislabel] = InspectDR.Font(xaxis[:guidefontfamily],
+            _inspectdr_mapptsize(xaxis[:guidefontsize]),
+            color = _inspectdr_mapcolor(xaxis[:guidefontcolor])
+        )
+        l[:font_ticklabel] = InspectDR.Font(xaxis[:tickfontfamily],
+            _inspectdr_mapptsize(xaxis[:tickfontsize]),
+            color = _inspectdr_mapcolor(xaxis[:tickfontcolor])
+        )
+        l[:enable_legend] = (sp[:legend] != :none)
+        #l[:halloc_legend] = 150 #TODO: compute???
+        l[:font_legend] = InspectDR.Font(sp[:legendfontfamily],
+            _inspectdr_mapptsize(sp[:legendfontsize]),
+            color = _inspectdr_mapcolor(sp[:legendfontcolor])
+        )
+        l[:frame_legend].fillcolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(sp[:background_color_legend])
+end
+
+# called just before updating layout bounding boxes... in case you need to prep
+# for the calcs
+function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
+    const mplot = _inspectdr_getmplot(plt.o)
+    if nothing == mplot; return; end
+
+    mplot.title = plt[:plot_title]
+    if "" == mplot.title
+        #Don't use window_title... probably not what you want.
+        #mplot.title = plt[:window_title]
+    end
+    mplot.layout[:frame].fillcolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(plt[:background_color_outside])
+
+    resize!(mplot.subplots, length(plt.subplots))
+    nsubplots = length(plt.subplots)
+    for (i, sp) in enumerate(plt.subplots)
+        if !isassigned(mplot.subplots, i)
+            mplot.subplots[i] = InspectDR.Plot2D()
+        end
+        sp.o = mplot.subplots[i]
+        plot = sp.o
+        _initialize_subplot(plt, sp)
+        _inspectdr_setupsubplot(sp)
+
+        # add the annotations
+        for ann in sp[:annotations]
+            _inspectdr_add_annotations(plot, ann...)
+        end
+    end
+
+    #Do not yet support absolute plot positionning.
+    #Just try to make things look more-or less ok:
+    if nsubplots <= 1
+        mplot.layout[:ncolumns] = 1
+    elseif nsubplots <= 4
+        mplot.layout[:ncolumns] = 2
+    elseif nsubplots <= 6
+        mplot.layout[:ncolumns] = 3
+    elseif nsubplots <= 12
+        mplot.layout[:ncolumns] = 4
+    else
+        mplot.layout[:ncolumns] = 5
+    end
+
+    for series in plt.series_list
+        _series_added(plt, series)
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Set the (left, top, right, bottom) minimum padding around the plot area
+# to fit ticks, tick labels, guides, colorbars, etc.
+function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot{InspectDRBackend})
+    plot = sp.o
+    if !isa(plot, InspectDR.Plot2D); return sp.minpad; end
+    #Computing plotbounds with 0-BoundingBox returns required padding:
+    bb = InspectDR.plotbounds(plot.layout.values, InspectDR.BoundingBox(0,0,0,0))
+    #NOTE: plotbounds always pads for titles, legends, etc. even if not in use.
+    #TODO: possibly zero-out items not in use??
+
+    # add in the user-specified margin to InspectDR padding:
+    leftpad   = abs(bb.xmin)*px + sp[:left_margin]
+    toppad    = abs(bb.ymin)*px + sp[:top_margin]
+    rightpad  = abs(bb.xmax)*px + sp[:right_margin]
+    bottompad = abs(bb.ymax)*px + sp[:bottom_margin]
+    sp.minpad = (leftpad, toppad, rightpad, bottompad)
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Override this to update plot items (title, xlabel, etc), and add annotations (d[:annotations])
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
+    mplot = _inspectdr_getmplot(plt.o)
+    if nothing == mplot; return; end
+
+    for (i, sp) in enumerate(plt.subplots)
+        graphbb = _inspectdr_to_pixels(plotarea(sp))
+        plot = mplot.subplots[i]
+        plot.plotbb = InspectDR.plotbounds(plot.layout.values, graphbb)
+    end
+
+    gplot = _inspectdr_getgui(plt.o)
+    if nothing == gplot; return; end
+
+    gplot.src = mplot #Ensure still references current plot
+    InspectDR.refresh(gplot)
+    return
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const _inspectdr_mimeformats_dpi = Dict(
+    "image/png"               => "png"
+)
+const _inspectdr_mimeformats_nodpi = Dict(
+    "image/svg+xml"           => "svg",
+    "application/eps"         => "eps",
+    "image/eps"               => "eps",
+#    "application/postscript"  => "ps", #TODO: support once Cairo supports PSSurface
+    "application/pdf"         => "pdf"
+)
+_inspectdr_show(io::IO, mime::MIME, ::Void, w, h) =
+    throw(ErrorException("Cannot show(::IO, ...) plot - not yet generated"))
+function _inspectdr_show(io::IO, mime::MIME, mplot, w, h)
+    InspectDR._show(io, mime, mplot, Float64(w), Float64(h))
+end
+
+for (mime, fmt) in _inspectdr_mimeformats_dpi
+    @eval function _show(io::IO, mime::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
+        dpi = plt[:dpi]#TODO: support
+        _inspectdr_show(io, mime, _inspectdr_getmplot(plt.o), plt[:size]...)
+    end
+end
+for (mime, fmt) in _inspectdr_mimeformats_nodpi
+    @eval function _show(io::IO, mime::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
+        _inspectdr_show(io, mime, _inspectdr_getmplot(plt.o), plt[:size]...)
+    end
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Display/show the plot (open a GUI window, or browser page, for example).
+function _display(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
+    mplot = _inspectdr_getmplot(plt.o)
+    if nothing == mplot; return; end
+    gplot = _inspectdr_getgui(plt.o)
+
+    if nothing == gplot
+        gplot = display(InspectDR.GtkDisplay(), mplot)
+    else
+        #redundant... Plots.jl will call _update_plot_object:
+        #InspectDR.refresh(gplot)
+    end
+    plt.o = InspecDRPlotRef(mplot, gplot)
+    return gplot
+end
@@ -1,107 +1,635 @@
-
 # https://github.com/sisl/PGFPlots.jl

-function _initialize_backend(::PGFPlotsPackage; kw...)
-  @eval begin
-    import PGFPlots
-    export PGFPlots
-    # TODO: other initialization that needs to be eval-ed
-  end
-  # TODO: other initialization
+# significant contributions by: @pkofod
+
+@require Revise begin
+    Revise.track(Plots, joinpath(Pkg.dir("Plots"), "src", "backends", "pgfplots.jl"))
 end

-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+const _pgfplots_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
+    :annotations,
+    :background_color_legend,
+    :background_color_inside,
+    # :background_color_outside,
+    # :foreground_color_legend,
+    :foreground_color_grid, :foreground_color_axis,
+    :foreground_color_text, :foreground_color_border,
+    :label,
+    :seriescolor, :seriesalpha,
+    :linecolor, :linestyle, :linewidth, :linealpha,
+    :markershape, :markercolor, :markersize, :markeralpha,
+    :markerstrokewidth, :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha, :markerstrokestyle,
+    :fillrange, :fillcolor, :fillalpha,
+    :bins,
+    # :bar_width, :bar_edges,
+    :title,
+    # :window_title,
+    :guide, :lims, :ticks, :scale, :flip, :rotation,
+    :tickfont, :guidefont, :legendfont,
+    :grid, :legend,
+    :colorbar,
+    :fill_z, :line_z, :marker_z, :levels,
+    # :ribbon, :quiver, :arrow,
+    # :orientation,
+    # :overwrite_figure,
+    :polar,
+    # :normalize, :weights, :contours,
+    :aspect_ratio,
+    # :match_dimensions,
+    :tick_direction,
+    :framestyle,
+    :camera,
+    :contour_labels,
+  ])
+const _pgfplots_seriestype = [:path, :path3d, :scatter, :steppre, :stepmid, :steppost, :histogram2d, :ysticks, :xsticks, :contour, :shape, :straightline,]
+const _pgfplots_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
+const _pgfplots_marker = [:none, :auto, :circle, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5, :pentagon, :hline] #vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
+const _pgfplots_scale = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]

-function _create_plot(pkg::PGFPlotsPackage; kw...)
-  d = Dict{Symbol,Any}(kw)
-  # TODO: create the window/canvas/context that is the plot within the backend (call it `o`)
-  # TODO: initialize the plot... title, xlabel, bgcolor, etc
-  Plot(nothing, pkg, 0, d, Dict[])
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function add_backend_string(::PGFPlotsBackend)
+    """
+    Pkg.add("PGFPlots")
+    Pkg.build("PGFPlots")
+    """
+end
+
+function _initialize_backend(::PGFPlotsBackend; kw...)
+    @eval begin
+        import PGFPlots
+        export PGFPlots
+    end
 end


-function _add_series(::PGFPlotsPackage, plt::Plot; kw...)
-  d = Dict{Symbol,Any}(kw)
-  # TODO: add one series to the underlying package
-  push!(plt.seriesargs, d)
-  plt
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const _pgfplots_linestyles = KW(
+    :solid => "solid",
+    :dash => "dashed",
+    :dot => "dotted",
+    :dashdot => "dashdotted",
+    :dashdotdot => "dashdotdotted",
+)
+
+const _pgfplots_markers = KW(
+    :none => "none",
+    :cross => "+",
+    :xcross => "x",
+    :+ => "+",
+    :x => "x",
+    :utriangle => "triangle*",
+    :dtriangle => "triangle*",
+    :circle => "*",
+    :rect => "square*",
+    :star5 => "star",
+    :star6 => "asterisk",
+    :diamond => "diamond*",
+    :pentagon => "pentagon*",
+    :hline => "-"
+)
+
+const _pgfplots_legend_pos = KW(
+    :bottomleft => "south west",
+    :bottomright => "south east",
+    :topright => "north east",
+    :topleft => "north west",
+    :outertopright => "outer north east",
+)
+
+
+const _pgf_series_extrastyle = KW(
+    :steppre => "const plot mark right",
+    :stepmid => "const plot mark mid",
+    :steppost => "const plot",
+    :sticks => "ycomb",
+    :ysticks => "ycomb",
+    :xsticks => "xcomb",
+)
+
+# PGFPlots uses the anchors to define orientations for example to align left
+# one needs to use the right edge as anchor
+const _pgf_annotation_halign = KW(
+    :center => "",
+    :left => "right",
+    :right => "left"
+)
+
+const _pgf_framestyles = [:box, :axes, :origin, :zerolines, :grid, :none]
+const _pgf_framestyle_defaults = Dict(:semi => :box)
+function pgf_framestyle(style::Symbol)
+    if style in _pgf_framestyles
+        return style
+    else
+        default_style = get(_pgf_framestyle_defaults, style, :axes)
+        warn("Framestyle :$style is not (yet) supported by the PGFPlots backend. :$default_style was cosen instead.")
+        default_style
+    end
 end

-function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsPackage}, anns::AVec{@compat(Tuple{X,Y,V})})
-  # set or add to the annotation_list
-  if haskey(plt.plotargs, :annotation_list)
-    append!(plt.plotargs[:annotation_list], anns)
-  else
-    plt.plotargs[:annotation_list] = anns
-  end
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# takes in color,alpha, and returns color and alpha appropriate for pgf style
+function pgf_color(c::Colorant)
+    cstr = @sprintf("{rgb,1:red,%.8f;green,%.8f;blue,%.8f}", red(c), green(c), blue(c))
+    cstr, alpha(c)
+end
+
+function pgf_color(grad::ColorGradient)
+    # Can't handle ColorGradient here, fallback to defaults.
+    cstr = @sprintf("{rgb,1:red,%.8f;green,%.8f;blue,%.8f}", 0.0, 0.60560316,0.97868012)
+    cstr, 1
+end
+
+# Generates a colormap for pgfplots based on a ColorGradient
+function pgf_colormap(grad::ColorGradient)
+    join(map(grad.colors) do c
+        @sprintf("rgb=(%.8f,%.8f,%.8f)", red(c), green(c),blue(c))
+    end,", ")
+end
+
+pgf_thickness_scaling(plt::Plot) = plt[:thickness_scaling]
+pgf_thickness_scaling(sp::Subplot) = pgf_thickness_scaling(sp.plt)
+pgf_thickness_scaling(series) = pgf_thickness_scaling(series[:subplot])
+
+function pgf_fillstyle(d, i = 1)
+    cstr,a = pgf_color(get_fillcolor(d, i))
+    fa = get_fillalpha(d, i)
+    if fa != nothing
+        a = fa
+    end
+    "fill = $cstr, fill opacity=$a"
+end
+
+function pgf_linestyle(linewidth::Real, color, α = 1, linestyle = "solid")
+    cstr, a = pgf_color(plot_color(color, α))
+    """
+    color = $cstr,
+    draw opacity = $a,
+    line width = $linewidth,
+    $(get(_pgfplots_linestyles, linestyle, "solid"))"""
+end
+
+function pgf_linestyle(d, i = 1)
+    lw = pgf_thickness_scaling(d) * get_linewidth(d, i)
+    lc = get_linecolor(d, i)
+    la = get_linealpha(d, i)
+    ls = get_linestyle(d, i)
+    return pgf_linestyle(lw, lc, la, ls)
+end
+
+function pgf_font(fontsize, thickness_scaling = 1, font = "\\selectfont")
+    fs = fontsize * thickness_scaling
+    return string("{\\fontsize{", fs, " pt}{", 1.3fs, " pt}", font, "}")
+end
+
+function pgf_marker(d, i = 1)
+    shape = _cycle(d[:markershape], i)
+    cstr, a = pgf_color(plot_color(get_markercolor(d, i), get_markeralpha(d, i)))
+    cstr_stroke, a_stroke = pgf_color(plot_color(get_markerstrokecolor(d, i), get_markerstrokealpha(d, i)))
+    """
+    mark = $(get(_pgfplots_markers, shape, "*")),
+    mark size = $(pgf_thickness_scaling(d) * 0.5 * _cycle(d[:markersize], i)),
+    mark options = {
+        color = $cstr_stroke, draw opacity = $a_stroke,
+        fill = $cstr, fill opacity = $a,
+        line width = $(pgf_thickness_scaling(d) * _cycle(d[:markerstrokewidth], i)),
+        rotate = $(shape == :dtriangle ? 180 : 0),
+        $(get(_pgfplots_linestyles, _cycle(d[:markerstrokestyle], i), "solid"))
+    }"""
+end
+
+function pgf_add_annotation!(o, x, y, val, thickness_scaling = 1)
+    # Construct the style string.
+    # Currently supports color and orientation
+    cstr,a = pgf_color(val.font.color)
+    push!(o, PGFPlots.Plots.Node(val.str, # Annotation Text
+        x, y,
+        style="""
+        $(get(_pgf_annotation_halign,val.font.halign,"")),
+        color=$cstr, draw opacity=$(convert(Float16,a)),
+        rotate=$(val.font.rotation),
+        font=$(pgf_font(val.font.pointsize, thickness_scaling))
+        """))
+end
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function pgf_series(sp::Subplot, series::Series)
+    d = series.d
+    st = d[:seriestype]
+    series_collection = PGFPlots.Plot[]
+
+    # function args
+    args = if st == :contour
+        d[:z].surf, d[:x], d[:y]
+    elseif is3d(st)
+        d[:x], d[:y], d[:z]
+    elseif st == :straightline
+        straightline_data(series)
+    elseif st == :shape
+        shape_data(series)
+    elseif ispolar(sp)
+        theta, r = filter_radial_data(d[:x], d[:y], axis_limits(sp[:yaxis]))
+        rad2deg.(theta), r
+    else
+        d[:x], d[:y]
+    end
+
+    # PGFPlots can't handle non-Vector?
+    args = map(a -> if typeof(a) <: AbstractVector && typeof(a) != Vector
+            collect(a)
+        else
+            a
+        end, args)
+
+    if st in (:contour, :histogram2d)
+        style = []
+        kw = KW()
+        push!(style, pgf_linestyle(d))
+        push!(style, pgf_marker(d))
+        push!(style, "forget plot")
+
+        kw[:style] = join(style, ',')
+        func = if st == :histogram2d
+            PGFPlots.Histogram2
+        else
+            kw[:labels] = series[:contour_labels]
+            kw[:levels] = series[:levels]
+            PGFPlots.Contour
+        end
+        push!(series_collection, func(args...; kw...))
+
+    else
+        # series segments
+        segments = iter_segments(series)
+        for (i, rng) in enumerate(segments)
+            style = []
+            kw = KW()
+            push!(style, pgf_linestyle(d, i))
+            push!(style, pgf_marker(d, i))
+
+            if st == :shape
+                push!(style, pgf_fillstyle(d, i))
+            end
+
+            # add to legend?
+            if i == 1 && sp[:legend] != :none && should_add_to_legend(series)
+                if d[:fillrange] != nothing
+                    push!(style, "forget plot")
+                    push!(series_collection, pgf_fill_legend_hack(d, args))
+                else
+                    kw[:legendentry] = d[:label]
+                    if st == :shape # || d[:fillrange] != nothing
+                        push!(style, "area legend")
+                    end
+                end
+            else
+                push!(style, "forget plot")
+            end
+
+            seg_args = (arg[rng] for arg in args)
+
+            # include additional style, then add to the kw
+            if haskey(_pgf_series_extrastyle, st)
+                push!(style, _pgf_series_extrastyle[st])
+            end
+            kw[:style] = join(style, ',')
+
+            # add fillrange
+            if series[:fillrange] != nothing && st != :shape
+                push!(series_collection, pgf_fillrange_series(series, i, _cycle(series[:fillrange], rng), seg_args...))
+            end
+
+            # build/return the series object
+            func = if st == :path3d
+                PGFPlots.Linear3
+            elseif st == :scatter
+                PGFPlots.Scatter
+            else
+                PGFPlots.Linear
+            end
+            push!(series_collection, func(seg_args...; kw...))
+        end
+    end
+    series_collection
+end
+
+function pgf_fillrange_series(series, i, fillrange, args...)
+    st = series[:seriestype]
+    style = []
+    kw = KW()
+    push!(style, "line width = 0")
+    push!(style, "draw opacity = 0")
+    push!(style, pgf_fillstyle(series, i))
+    push!(style, pgf_marker(series, i))
+    push!(style, "forget plot")
+    if haskey(_pgf_series_extrastyle, st)
+        push!(style, _pgf_series_extrastyle[st])
+    end
+    kw[:style] = join(style, ',')
+    func = is3d(series) ? PGFPlots.Linear3 : PGFPlots.Linear
+    return func(pgf_fillrange_args(fillrange, args...)...; kw...)
+end
+
+function pgf_fillrange_args(fillrange, x, y)
+    n = length(x)
+    x_fill = [x; x[n:-1:1]; x[1]]
+    y_fill = [y; _cycle(fillrange, n:-1:1); y[1]]
+    return x_fill, y_fill
+end
+
+function pgf_fillrange_args(fillrange, x, y, z)
+    n = length(x)
+    x_fill = [x; x[n:-1:1]; x[1]]
+    y_fill = [y; y[n:-1:1]; x[1]]
+    z_fill = [z; _cycle(fillrange, n:-1:1); z[1]]
+    return x_fill, y_fill, z_fill
+end
+
+function pgf_fill_legend_hack(d, args)
+    style = []
+    kw = KW()
+    push!(style, pgf_linestyle(d, 1))
+    push!(style, pgf_marker(d, 1))
+    push!(style, pgf_fillstyle(d, 1))
+    push!(style, "area legend")
+    kw[:legendentry] = d[:label]
+    kw[:style] = join(style, ',')
+    st = d[:seriestype]
+    func = if st == :path3d
+        PGFPlots.Linear3
+    elseif st == :scatter
+        PGFPlots.Scatter
+    else
+        PGFPlots.Linear
+    end
+    return func(([arg[1]] for arg in args)...; kw...)
 end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-function _before_update_plot(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsPackage})
-end
+function pgf_axis(sp::Subplot, letter)
+    axis = sp[Symbol(letter,:axis)]
+    style = []
+    kw = KW()

-# TODO: override this to update plot items (title, xlabel, etc) after creation
-function _update_plot(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsPackage}, d::Dict)
-end
+    # turn off scaled ticks
+    push!(style, "scaled $(letter) ticks = false")

-function _update_plot_pos_size(plt::PlottingObject{PGFPlotsPackage}, d::Dict)
-end
+    # set to supported framestyle
+    framestyle = pgf_framestyle(sp[:framestyle])

-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+    # axis guide
+    kw[Symbol(letter,:label)] = axis[:guide]

-# accessors for x/y data
+    # Add label font
+    cstr, α = pgf_color(plot_color(axis[:guidefontcolor]))
+    push!(style, string(letter, "label style = {font = ", pgf_font(axis[:guidefontsize], pgf_thickness_scaling(sp)), ", color = ", cstr, ", draw opacity = ", α, ", rotate = ", axis[:guidefontrotation], "}"))

-function Base.getindex(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsPackage}, i::Int)
-  d = plt.seriesargs[i]
-  d[:x], d[:y]
-end
+    # flip/reverse?
+    axis[:flip] && push!(style, "$letter dir=reverse")

-function Base.setindex!(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsPackage}, xy::Tuple, i::Integer)
-  d = plt.seriesargs[i]
-  d[:x], d[:y] = xy
-  plt
-end
+    # scale
+    scale = axis[:scale]
+    if scale in (:log2, :ln, :log10)
+        kw[Symbol(letter,:mode)] = "log"
+        scale == :ln || push!(style, "log basis $letter=$(scale == :log2 ? 2 : 10)")
+    end

-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+    # ticks on or off
+    if axis[:ticks] in (nothing, false, :none) || framestyle == :none
+        push!(style, "$(letter)majorticks=false")
+    end

-function _create_subplot(subplt::Subplot{PGFPlotsPackage}, isbefore::Bool)
-  # TODO: build the underlying Subplot object.  this is where you might layout the panes within a GUI window, for example
-  true
-end
+    # grid on or off
+    if axis[:grid] && framestyle != :none
+        push!(style, "$(letter)majorgrids = true")
+    else
+        push!(style, "$(letter)majorgrids = false")
+    end

-function _expand_limits(lims, plt::Plot{PGFPlotsPackage}, isx::Bool)
-  # TODO: call expand limits for each plot data
-end
+    # limits
+    # TODO: support zlims
+    if letter != :z
+        lims = ispolar(sp) && letter == :x ? rad2deg.(axis_limits(axis)) : axis_limits(axis)
+        kw[Symbol(letter,:min)] = lims[1]
+        kw[Symbol(letter,:max)] = lims[2]
+    end

-function _remove_axis(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsPackage}, isx::Bool)
-  # TODO: if plot is inner subplot, might need to remove ticks or axis labels
+    if !(axis[:ticks] in (nothing, false, :none, :native)) && framestyle != :none
+        ticks = get_ticks(axis)
+        #pgf plot ignores ticks with angle below 90 when xmin = 90 so shift values
+        tick_values = ispolar(sp) && letter == :x ? [rad2deg.(ticks[1])[3:end]..., 360, 405] : ticks[1]
+        push!(style, string(letter, "tick = {", join(tick_values,","), "}"))
+        if axis[:showaxis] && axis[:scale] in (:ln, :log2, :log10) && axis[:ticks] == :auto
+            # wrap the power part of label with }
+            tick_labels = String[begin
+                base, power = split(label, "^")
+                power = string("{", power, "}")
+                string(base, "^", power)
+            end for label in ticks[2]]
+            push!(style, string(letter, "ticklabels = {\$", join(tick_labels,"\$,\$"), "\$}"))
+        elseif axis[:showaxis]
+            tick_labels = ispolar(sp) && letter == :x ? [ticks[2][3:end]..., "0", "45"] : ticks[2]
+            if axis[:formatter] in (:scientific, :auto)
+                tick_labels = string.("\$", convert_sci_unicode.(tick_labels), "\$")
+                tick_labels = replace.(tick_labels, "×", "\\times")
+            end
+            push!(style, string(letter, "ticklabels = {", join(tick_labels,","), "}"))
+        else
+            push!(style, string(letter, "ticklabels = {}"))
+        end
+        push!(style, string(letter, "tick align = ", (axis[:tick_direction] == :out ? "outside" : "inside")))
+        cstr, α = pgf_color(plot_color(axis[:tickfontcolor]))
+        push!(style, string(letter, "ticklabel style = {font = ", pgf_font(axis[:tickfontsize], pgf_thickness_scaling(sp)), ", color = ", cstr, ", draw opacity = ", α, ", rotate = ", axis[:tickfontrotation], "}"))
+        push!(style, string(letter, " grid style = {", pgf_linestyle(pgf_thickness_scaling(sp) * axis[:gridlinewidth], axis[:foreground_color_grid], axis[:gridalpha], axis[:gridstyle]), "}"))
+    end
+
+    # framestyle
+    if framestyle in (:axes, :origin)
+        axispos = framestyle == :axes ? "left" : "middle"
+        # the * after lines disables the arrows at the axes
+        push!(style, string("axis lines* = ", axispos))
+    end
+
+    if framestyle == :zerolines
+        push!(style, string("extra ", letter, " ticks = 0"))
+        push!(style, string("extra ", letter, " tick labels = "))
+        push!(style, string("extra ", letter, " tick style = {grid = major, major grid style = {", pgf_linestyle(pgf_thickness_scaling(sp), axis[:foreground_color_axis], 1.0), "}}"))
+    end
+
+    if !axis[:showaxis]
+        push!(style, "separate axis lines")
+    end
+    if !axis[:showaxis] || framestyle in (:zerolines, :grid, :none)
+        push!(style, string(letter, " axis line style = {draw opacity = 0}"))
+    else
+        push!(style, string(letter, " axis line style = {", pgf_linestyle(pgf_thickness_scaling(sp), axis[:foreground_color_axis], 1.0), "}"))
+    end
+
+    # return the style list and KW args
+    style, kw
 end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------


-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
+    plt.o = PGFPlots.Axis[]
+    # Obtain the total height of the plot by extracting the maximal bottom
+    # coordinate from the bounding box.
+    total_height = bottom(bbox(plt.layout))

-#################  This is the important method to implement!!! #################
-function _make_pgf_plot(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsPackage})
-  # TODO: convert plt.plotargs and plt.seriesargs into PGFPlots calls
-  # TODO: return the PGFPlots object
+    for sp in plt.subplots
+       # first build the PGFPlots.Axis object
+        style = ["unbounded coords=jump"]
+        kw = KW()
+
+        # add to style/kw for each axis
+        for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
+            if letter != :z || is3d(sp)
+                axisstyle, axiskw = pgf_axis(sp, letter)
+                append!(style, axisstyle)
+                merge!(kw, axiskw)
+            end
+        end
+
+        # bounding box values are in mm
+        # note: bb origin is top-left, pgf is bottom-left
+        # A round on 2 decimal places should be enough precision for 300 dpi
+        # plots.
+        bb = bbox(sp)
+        push!(style, """
+            xshift = $(left(bb).value)mm,
+            yshift = $(round((total_height - (bottom(bb))).value,2))mm,
+            axis background/.style={fill=$(pgf_color(sp[:background_color_inside])[1])}
+        """)
+        kw[:width] = "$(width(bb).value)mm"
+        kw[:height] = "$(height(bb).value)mm"
+
+        if sp[:title] != ""
+            kw[:title] = "$(sp[:title])"
+            cstr, α = pgf_color(plot_color(sp[:titlefontcolor]))
+            push!(style, string("title style = {font = ", pgf_font(sp[:titlefontsize], pgf_thickness_scaling(sp)), ", color = ", cstr, ", draw opacity = ", α, ", rotate = ", sp[:titlefontrotation], "}"))
+        end
+
+        if sp[:aspect_ratio] in (1, :equal)
+            kw[:axisEqual] = "true"
+        end
+
+        legpos = sp[:legend]
+        if haskey(_pgfplots_legend_pos, legpos)
+            kw[:legendPos] = _pgfplots_legend_pos[legpos]
+        end
+        cstr, a = pgf_color(plot_color(sp[:background_color_legend]))
+        push!(style, string("legend style = {", pgf_linestyle(pgf_thickness_scaling(sp), sp[:foreground_color_legend], 1.0, "solid"), ",", "fill = $cstr,", "font = ", pgf_font(sp[:legendfontsize], pgf_thickness_scaling(sp)), "}"))
+
+        if any(s[:seriestype] == :contour for s in series_list(sp))
+            kw[:view] = "{0}{90}"
+            kw[:colorbar] = !(sp[:colorbar] in (:none, :off, :hide, false))
+        elseif is3d(sp)
+            azim, elev = sp[:camera]
+            kw[:view] = "{$(azim)}{$(elev)}"
+        end
+
+        axisf = PGFPlots.Axis
+        if sp[:projection] == :polar
+            axisf = PGFPlots.PolarAxis
+            #make radial axis vertical
+            kw[:xmin] = 90
+            kw[:xmax] = 450
+        end
+
+        # Search series for any gradient. In case one series uses a gradient set
+        # the colorbar and colomap.
+        # The reasoning behind doing this on the axis level is that pgfplots
+        # colorbar seems to only works on axis level and needs the proper colormap for
+        # correctly displaying it.
+        # It's also possible to assign the colormap to the series itself but
+        # then the colormap needs to be added twice, once for the axis and once for the
+        # series.
+        # As it is likely that all series within the same axis use the same
+        # colormap this should not cause any problem.
+        for series in series_list(sp)
+            for col in (:markercolor, :fillcolor, :linecolor)
+                if typeof(series.d[col]) == ColorGradient
+                    push!(style,"colormap={plots}{$(pgf_colormap(series.d[col]))}")
+
+                    if sp[:colorbar] == :none
+                        kw[:colorbar] = "false"
+                    else
+                        kw[:colorbar] = "true"
+                    end
+                    # goto is needed to break out of col and series for
+                    @goto colorbar_end
+                end
+            end
+        end
+        @label colorbar_end
+
+        o = axisf(; style = join(style, ","), kw...)
+
+        # add the series object to the PGFPlots.Axis
+        for series in series_list(sp)
+            push!.(o, pgf_series(sp, series))
+
+            # add series annotations
+            anns = series[:series_annotations]
+            for (xi,yi,str,fnt) in EachAnn(anns, series[:x], series[:y])
+                pgf_add_annotation!(o, xi, yi, PlotText(str, fnt), pgf_thickness_scaling(series))
+            end
+        end
+
+        # add the annotations
+        for ann in sp[:annotations]
+            pgf_add_annotation!(o, locate_annotation(sp, ann...)..., pgf_thickness_scaling(sp))
+        end
+
+
+        # add the PGFPlots.Axis to the list
+        push!(plt.o, o)
+    end
 end

-function Base.writemime(io::IO, mime::MIME"image/png", plt::PlottingObject{PGFPlotsPackage})
-  plt.o = _make_pgf_plot(plt)
-  writemime(io, mime, plt.o)
+function _show(io::IO, mime::MIME"image/svg+xml", plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
+    show(io, mime, plt.o)
 end

-# function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::PlottingObject{PGFPlotsPackage})
-# end
+function _show(io::IO, mime::MIME"application/pdf", plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
+    # prepare the object
+    pgfplt = PGFPlots.plot(plt.o)

-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::PlottingObject{PGFPlotsPackage})
-  plt.o = _make_pgf_plot(plt)
-  display(plt.o)
+    # save a pdf
+    fn = tempname()*".pdf"
+    PGFPlots.save(PGFPlots.PDF(fn), pgfplt)
+
+    # read it into io
+    write(io, readstring(open(fn)))
+
+    # cleanup
+    PGFPlots.cleanup(plt.o)
 end

-# function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Subplot{PGFPlotsPackage})
-#   # TODO: display/show the subplot
-# end
+function _show(io::IO, mime::MIME"application/x-tex", plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
+    fn = tempname()*".tex"
+    PGFPlots.save(fn, backend_object(plt), include_preamble=false)
+    write(io, readstring(open(fn)))
+end
+
+function _display(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
+    # prepare the object
+    pgfplt = PGFPlots.plot(plt.o)
+
+    # save an svg
+    fn = string(tempname(), ".svg")
+    PGFPlots.save(PGFPlots.SVG(fn), pgfplt)
+
+    # show it
+    open_browser_window(fn)
+
+    # cleanup
+    PGFPlots.cleanup(plt.o)
+end
@@ -1,128 +1,134 @@
+@require Revise begin
+    Revise.track(Plots, joinpath(Pkg.dir("Plots"), "src", "backends", "plotlyjs.jl"))
+end

 # https://github.com/spencerlyon2/PlotlyJS.jl

-function _initialize_backend(::PlotlyJSPackage; kw...)
+const _plotlyjs_attr        = _plotly_attr
+const _plotlyjs_seriestype  = _plotly_seriestype
+const _plotlyjs_style       = _plotly_style
+const _plotlyjs_marker      = _plotly_marker
+const _plotlyjs_scale       = _plotly_scale
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+function add_backend_string(::PlotlyJSBackend)
+    """
+    if !Plots.is_installed("PlotlyJS")
+        Pkg.add("PlotlyJS")
+    end
+    if !Plots.is_installed("Rsvg")
+        Pkg.add("Rsvg")
+    end
+    import Blink
+    Blink.AtomShell.install()
+    """
+end
+
+
+function _initialize_backend(::PlotlyJSBackend; kw...)
    @eval begin
        import PlotlyJS
        export PlotlyJS
    end

-    for (mime, fmt) in PlotlyJS._mimeformats
-        @eval Base.writemime(io::IO, m::MIME{symbol($mime)}, p::Plot{PlotlyJSPackage}) = writemime(io, m, p.o)
-    end
-
-    # override IJulia inline display
-    if isijulia()
-        IJulia.display_dict(plt::PlottingObject{PlotlyJSPackage}) = IJulia.display_dict(plt.o)
-    end
+    # # override IJulia inline display
+    # if isijulia()
+    #     IJulia.display_dict(plt::AbstractPlot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = IJulia.display_dict(plt.o)
+    # end
 end

 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

-function _create_plot(pkg::PlotlyJSPackage; kw...)
-    d = Dict(kw)
-    # TODO: create the window/canvas/context that is the plot within the backend (call it `o`)
-    # TODO: initialize the plot... title, xlabel, bgcolor, etc
-    # o = PlotlyJS.Plot(PlotlyJS.GenericTrace[], PlotlyJS.Layout(),
-    #                   Base.Random.uuid4(), PlotlyJS.ElectronDisplay())
-    # T = isijulia() ? PlotlyJS.JupyterPlot : PlotlyJS.ElectronPlot
-    # o = T(PlotlyJS.Plot())
-    o = PlotlyJS.plot()

-    Plot(o, pkg, 0, d, Dict[])
+function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+    if !isplotnull() && plt[:overwrite_figure] && isa(current().o, PlotlyJS.SyncPlot)
+        PlotlyJS.SyncPlot(PlotlyJS.Plot(), current().o.view)
+    else
+        PlotlyJS.plot()
+    end
 end


-function _add_series(::PlotlyJSPackage, plt::Plot; kw...)
-    d = Dict(kw)
+function _series_added(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}, series::Series)
    syncplot = plt.o
-
-    # dumpdict(d, "addseries", true)
-
-    # add to the data array
-    pdict = plotly_series(d)
-    typ = pop!(pdict, :type)
-    gt = PlotlyJS.GenericTrace(typ; pdict...)
-    PlotlyJS.addtraces!(syncplot, gt)
-
-    push!(plt.seriesargs, d)
-    plt
-end
-
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSPackage}, anns::AVec{@compat(Tuple{X,Y,V})})
-    # set or add to the annotation_list
-    if !haskey(plt.plotargs, :annotation_list)
-        plt.plotargs[:annotation_list] = Any[]
+    pdicts = plotly_series(plt, series)
+    for pdict in pdicts
+        typ = pop!(pdict, :type)
+        gt = PlotlyJS.GenericTrace(typ; pdict...)
+        PlotlyJS.addtraces!(syncplot, gt)
    end
-    append!(plt.plotargs[:annotation_list], anns)
 end

+function _series_updated(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}, series::Series)
+    xsym, ysym = (ispolar(series) ? (:t,:r) : (:x,:y))
+    kw = KW(xsym => (series.d[:x],), ysym => (series.d[:y],))
+    z = series[:z]
+    if z != nothing
+        kw[:z] = (isa(z,Surface) ? transpose_z(series, series[:z].surf, false) : z,)
+    end
+    PlotlyJS.restyle!(
+        plt.o,
+        findfirst(plt.series_list, series),
+        kw
+    )
+end
+
+
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-function _before_update_plot(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSPackage})
-end
-
-# TODO: override this to update plot items (title, xlabel, etc) after creation
-function _update_plot(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSPackage}, d::Dict)
-    pdict = plotly_layout(d)
-    # dumpdict(pdict, "pdict updateplot", true)
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+    pdict = plotly_layout(plt)
    syncplot = plt.o
-    w,h = d[:size]
+    w,h = plt[:size]
    PlotlyJS.relayout!(syncplot, pdict, width = w, height = h)
 end


-function _update_plot_pos_size(plt::PlottingObject{PlotlyJSPackage}, d::Dict)
-end
-
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-# accessors for x/y data
-
-function Base.getindex(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSPackage}, i::Int)
-  d = plt.seriesargs[i]
-  d[:x], d[:y]
+function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+    if isijulia() && !_use_remote[]
+        write(io, PlotlyJS.html_body(PlotlyJS.JupyterPlot(plt.o)))
+    else
+        show(io, MIME("text/html"), plt.o)
+    end
 end

-function Base.setindex!(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSPackage}, xy::Tuple, i::Integer)
-  d = plt.seriesargs[i]
-  d[:x], d[:y] = xy
-  # TODO: this is likely ineffecient... we should make a call that ONLY changes the plot data
-  # PlotlyJS.restyle!(plt.o, i, plotly_series(d))
-  PlotlyJS.restyle!(plt.o, i, Dict(:x=>(d[:x],), :y=>(d[:y],)))
-  plt
+function plotlyjs_save_hack(io::IO, plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}, ext::String)
+    tmpfn = tempname() * "." * ext
+    PlotlyJS.savefig(plt.o, tmpfn)
+    write(io, read(open(tmpfn)))
+end
+_show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/svg+xml", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotlyjs_save_hack(io, plt, "svg")
+_show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotlyjs_save_hack(io, plt, "png")
+_show(io::IO, ::MIME"application/pdf", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotlyjs_save_hack(io, plt, "pdf")
+_show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/eps", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotlyjs_save_hack(io, plt, "eps")
+
+function write_temp_html(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+    filename = string(tempname(), ".html")
+    savefig(plt, filename)
+    filename
 end

-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function _create_subplot(subplt::Subplot{PlotlyJSPackage}, isbefore::Bool)
-  # TODO: build the underlying Subplot object.  this is where you might layout the panes within a GUI window, for example
-  true
+function _display(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+    if get(ENV, "PLOTS_USE_ATOM_PLOTPANE", true) in (true, 1, "1", "true", "yes")
+        display(plt.o)
+    else
+        standalone_html_window(plt)
+    end
 end

-function _expand_limits(lims, plt::Plot{PlotlyJSPackage}, isx::Bool)
-  # TODO: call expand limits for each plot data
+@require WebIO begin
+    function WebIO.render(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+        prepare_output(plt)
+        WebIO.render(plt.o)
+    end
 end

-function _remove_axis(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSPackage}, isx::Bool)
-  # TODO: if plot is inner subplot, might need to remove ticks or axis labels
+function closeall(::PlotlyJSBackend)
+    if !isplotnull() && isa(current().o, PlotlyJS.SyncPlot)
+        close(current().o)
+    end
 end
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function Base.writemime(io::IO, m::MIME"text/html", plt::PlottingObject{PlotlyJSPackage})
-    Base.writemime(io, m, plt.o)
-end
-
-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{PlotlyJSPackage})
-    display(plt.o)
-end
-
-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Subplot{PlotlyJSPackage})
-    error()
-end
-
@@ -1,773 +0,0 @@
-
-supportedAxes(::PlottingPackage) = [:left]
-supportedTypes(::PlottingPackage) = []
-supportedStyles(::PlottingPackage) = [:solid]
-supportedMarkers(::PlottingPackage) = [:none]
-supportedScales(::PlottingPackage) = [:identity]
-subplotSupported(::PlottingPackage) = false
-stringsSupported(::PlottingPackage) = false
-
-supportedAxes() = supportedAxes(backend())
-supportedTypes() = supportedTypes(backend())
-supportedStyles() = supportedStyles(backend())
-supportedMarkers() = supportedMarkers(backend())
-supportedScales() = supportedScales(backend())
-subplotSupported() = subplotSupported(backend())
-stringsSupported() = stringsSupported(backend())
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-supportedArgs(::GadflyPackage) = [
-    :annotation,
-    # :axis,
-    :background_color,
-    :linecolor,
-    :color_palette,
-    :fillrange,
-    :fillcolor,
-    :fillalpha,
-    :foreground_color,
-    :group,
-    :label,
-    :layout,
-    :legend,
-    :colorbar,
-    :linestyle,
-    :linetype,
-    :linewidth,
-    :linealpha,
-    :markershape,
-    :markercolor,
-    :markersize,
-    :markeralpha,
-    :markerstrokewidth,
-    :markerstrokecolor,
-    :markerstrokealpha,
-    # :markerstrokestyle,
-    :n,
-    :nbins,
-    :nc,
-    :nr,
-    # :pos,
-    :smooth,
-    :show,
-    :size,
-    :title,
-    :windowtitle,
-    :x,
-    :xlabel,
-    :xlims,
-    :xticks,
-    :y,
-    :ylabel,
-    :ylims,
-    # :yrightlabel,
-    :yticks,
-    :xscale,
-    :yscale,
-    :xflip,
-    :yflip,
-    :z,
-    :zcolor,
-    :tickfont,
-    :guidefont,
-    :legendfont,
-    :grid,
-    # :surface,
-    :levels,
-  ]
-supportedAxes(::GadflyPackage) = [:auto, :left]
-supportedTypes(::GadflyPackage) = [:none, :line, :path, :steppre, :steppost, :sticks,
-                                   :scatter, :heatmap, :hexbin, :hist, :bar,
-                                   :hline, :vline, :contour]
-supportedStyles(::GadflyPackage) = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
-supportedMarkers(::GadflyPackage) = vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
-supportedScales(::GadflyPackage) = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10, :asinh, :sqrt]
-subplotSupported(::GadflyPackage) = true
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-supportedArgs(::ImmersePackage) = supportedArgs(GadflyPackage())
-supportedAxes(::ImmersePackage) = supportedAxes(GadflyPackage())
-supportedTypes(::ImmersePackage) = supportedTypes(GadflyPackage())
-supportedStyles(::ImmersePackage) = supportedStyles(GadflyPackage())
-supportedMarkers(::ImmersePackage) = supportedMarkers(GadflyPackage())
-supportedScales(::ImmersePackage) = supportedScales(GadflyPackage())
-subplotSupported(::ImmersePackage) = true
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-supportedArgs(::PyPlotPackage) = [
-    :annotation,
-    :axis,
-    :background_color,
-    :linecolor,
-    :color_palette,
-    :fillrange,
-    :fillcolor,
-    :foreground_color,
-    :group,
-    :label,
-    :layout,
-    :legend,
-    :colorbar,
-    :linestyle,
-    :linetype,
-    :linewidth,
-    :markershape,
-    :markercolor,
-    :markersize,
-    :markerstrokewidth,
-    :markerstrokecolor,
-    :markerstrokealpha,
-    # :markerstrokestyle,
-    :n,
-    :nbins,
-    :nc,
-    :nr,
-    # :pos,
-    :smooth,
-    # :ribbon,
-    :show,
-    :size,
-    :title,
-    :windowtitle,
-    :x,
-    :xlabel,
-    :xlims,
-    :xticks,
-    :y,
-    :ylabel,
-    :ylims,
-    :yrightlabel,
-    :yticks,
-    :xscale,
-    :yscale,
-    :xflip,
-    :yflip,
-    :z,
-    :zcolor,  # only supported for scatter/scatter3d
-    :tickfont,
-    :guidefont,
-    :legendfont,
-    :grid,
-    # :surface,
-    :levels,
-    :fillalpha,
-    :linealpha,
-    :markeralpha,
-    :overwrite_figure,
-  ]
-supportedAxes(::PyPlotPackage) = _allAxes
-supportedTypes(::PyPlotPackage) = [:none, :line, :path, :steppre, :steppost, #:sticks,
-                                   :scatter, :heatmap, :hexbin, :hist, :density, :bar,
-                                   :hline, :vline, :contour, :path3d, :scatter3d, :surface, :wireframe]
-supportedStyles(::PyPlotPackage) = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot]
-# supportedMarkers(::PyPlotPackage) = [:none, :auto, :rect, :ellipse, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5, :hexagon]
-supportedMarkers(::PyPlotPackage) = vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
-supportedScales(::PyPlotPackage) = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]
-subplotSupported(::PyPlotPackage) = true
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-supportedArgs(::GRPackage) = [
-    :annotation,
-    :axis,
-    :background_color,
-    :linecolor,
-    :color_palette,
-    :fillrange,
-    :fillcolor,
-    :foreground_color,
-    :group,
-    :label,
-    :layout,
-    :legend,
-    :colorbar,
-    :linestyle,
-    :linetype,
-    :linewidth,
-    :markershape,
-    :markercolor,
-    :markersize,
-    :markerstrokewidth,
-    :markerstrokecolor,
-    # :markerstrokestyle,
-    :n,
-    :nbins,
-    :nc,
-    :nr,
-    # :pos,
-    :smooth,
-    # :ribbon,
-    :show,
-    :size,
-    :title,
-    :windowtitle,
-    :x,
-    :xlabel,
-    :xlims,
-    :xticks,
-    :y,
-    :ylabel,
-    :ylims,
-    :yrightlabel,
-    :yticks,
-    :xscale,
-    :yscale,
-    :xflip,
-    :yflip,
-    :z,
-    :zcolor,  # only supported for scatter/scatter3d
-    :tickfont,
-    :guidefont,
-    :legendfont,
-    :grid,
-    # :surface,
-    :nlevels,
-    :fillalpha,
-    :linealpha,
-    :markeralpha,
-  ]
-supportedAxes(::GRPackage) = _allAxes
-supportedTypes(::GRPackage) = [:none, :line, :path, :steppre, :steppost, :sticks,
-                               :scatter, :heatmap, :hexbin, :hist, :density, :bar,
-                               :hline, :vline, :contour, :path3d, :scatter3d, :surface,
-                               :wireframe, :ohlc, :pie]
-supportedStyles(::GRPackage) = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
-supportedMarkers(::GRPackage) = vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
-supportedScales(::GRPackage) = [:identity, :log10]
-subplotSupported(::GRPackage) = true
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-supportedArgs(::QwtPackage) = [
-    :annotation,
-    # :args,
-    :axis,
-    :background_color,
-    :linecolor,
-    :color_palette,
-    :fillrange,
-    :fillcolor,
-    :foreground_color,
-    :group,
-    # :heatmap_c,
-    # :kwargs,
-    :label,
-    :layout,
-    :legend,
-    :linestyle,
-    :linetype,
-    :linewidth,
-    :markershape,
-    :markercolor,
-    :markersize,
-    # :markerstrokewidth,
-    # :markerstrokecolor,
-    # :markerstrokestyle,
-    :n,
-    :nbins,
-    :nc,
-    :nr,
-    :pos,
-    :smooth,
-    # :ribbon,
-    :show,
-    :size,
-    :title,
-    :windowtitle,
-    :x,
-    :xlabel,
-    :xlims,
-    :xticks,
-    :y,
-    :ylabel,
-    :ylims,
-    :yrightlabel,
-    :yticks,
-    :xscale,
-    :yscale,
-    # :xflip,
-    # :yflip,
-    # :z,
-  ]
-supportedTypes(::QwtPackage) = [:none, :line, :path, :steppre, :steppost, :sticks, :scatter, :heatmap, :hexbin, :hist, :bar, :hline, :vline]
-supportedMarkers(::QwtPackage) = [:none, :auto, :rect, :ellipse, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5, :star8, :hexagon]
-supportedScales(::QwtPackage) = [:identity, :log10]
-subplotSupported(::QwtPackage) = true
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-supportedArgs(::UnicodePlotsPackage) = [
-    # :annotation,
-    # :args,
-    # :axis,
-    # :background_color,
-    # :linecolor,
-    # :fill,
-    # :foreground_color,
-    :group,
-    # :heatmap_c,
-    # :kwargs,
-    :label,
-    # :layout,
-    :legend,
-    :linestyle,
-    :linetype,
-    # :linewidth,
-    :markershape,
-    # :markercolor,
-    # :markersize,
-    # :markerstrokewidth,
-    # :markerstrokecolor,
-    # :markerstrokestyle,
-    # :n,
-    :nbins,
-    # :nc,
-    # :nr,
-    # :pos,
-    # :reg,
-    # :ribbon,
-    :show,
-    :size,
-    :title,
-    :windowtitle,
-    :x,
-    :xlabel,
-    :xlims,
-    # :xticks,
-    :y,
-    :ylabel,
-    :ylims,
-    # :yrightlabel,
-    # :yticks,
-    # :xscale,
-    # :yscale,
-    # :xflip,
-    # :yflip,
-    # :z,
-  ]
-supportedAxes(::UnicodePlotsPackage) = [:auto, :left]
-supportedTypes(::UnicodePlotsPackage) = [:none, :line, :path, :steppre, :steppost, :sticks, :scatter, :heatmap, :hexbin, :hist, :bar, :hline, :vline]
-supportedStyles(::UnicodePlotsPackage) = [:auto, :solid]
-supportedMarkers(::UnicodePlotsPackage) = [:none, :auto, :ellipse]
-supportedScales(::UnicodePlotsPackage) = [:identity]
-subplotSupported(::UnicodePlotsPackage) = true
-
-
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-supportedArgs(::WinstonPackage) = [
-    :annotation,
-    # :args,
-    # :axis,
-    # :background_color,
-    :linecolor,
-    :color_palette,
-    :fillrange,
-    :fillcolor,
-    # :foreground_color,
-    :group,
-    # :heatmap_c,
-    # :kwargs,
-    :label,
-    # :layout,
-    :legend,
-    :linestyle,
-    :linetype,
-    :linewidth,
-    :markershape,
-    :markercolor,
-    :markersize,
-    # :markerstrokewidth,
-    # :markerstrokecolor,
-    # :markerstrokestyle,
-    # :n,
-    :nbins,
-    # :nc,
-    # :nr,
-    # :pos,
-    :smooth,
-    # :ribbon,
-    :show,
-    :size,
-    :title,
-    :windowtitle,
-    :x,
-    :xlabel,
-    :xlims,
-    # :xticks,
-    :y,
-    :ylabel,
-    :ylims,
-    # :yrightlabel,
-    # :yticks,
-    :xscale,
-    :yscale,
-    # :xflip,
-    # :yflip,
-    # :z,
-  ]
-supportedAxes(::WinstonPackage) = [:auto, :left]
-supportedTypes(::WinstonPackage) = [:none, :line, :path, :sticks, :scatter, :hist, :bar]
-supportedStyles(::WinstonPackage) = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot]
-supportedMarkers(::WinstonPackage) = [:none, :auto, :rect, :ellipse, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5]
-supportedScales(::WinstonPackage) = [:identity, :log10]
-subplotSupported(::WinstonPackage) = false
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-supportedArgs(::BokehPackage) = [
-    # :annotation,
-    # :axis,
-    # :background_color,
-    :linecolor,
-    # :color_palette,
-    # :fillrange,
-    # :fillcolor,
-    # :fillalpha,
-    # :foreground_color,
-    :group,
-    # :label,
-    # :layout,
-    # :legend,
-    :linestyle,
-    :linetype,
-    :linewidth,
-    # :linealpha,
-    :markershape,
-    :markercolor,
-    :markersize,
-    # :markeralpha,
-    # :markerstrokewidth,
-    # :markerstrokecolor,
-    # :markerstrokestyle,
-    # :n,
-    # :nbins,
-    # :nc,
-    # :nr,
-    # :pos,
-    # :smooth,
-    # :show,
-    :size,
-    :title,
-    # :windowtitle,
-    :x,
-    # :xlabel,
-    # :xlims,
-    # :xticks,
-    :y,
-    # :ylabel,
-    # :ylims,
-    # :yrightlabel,
-    # :yticks,
-    # :xscale,
-    # :yscale,
-    # :xflip,
-    # :yflip,
-    # :z,
-    # :tickfont,
-    # :guidefont,
-    # :legendfont,
-    # :grid,
-    # :surface,
-    # :levels,
-  ]
-supportedAxes(::BokehPackage) = [:auto, :left]
-supportedTypes(::BokehPackage) = [:none, :path, :scatter] #,:steppre, :steppost, :sticks, :heatmap, :hexbin, :hist, :bar, :hline, :vline, :contour]
-supportedStyles(::BokehPackage) = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
-supportedMarkers(::BokehPackage) = [:none, :auto, :ellipse, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5] #vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
-supportedScales(::BokehPackage) = [:identity, :ln] #, :ln, :log2, :log10, :asinh, :sqrt]
-subplotSupported(::BokehPackage) = false
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-supportedArgs(::PlotlyPackage) = [
-    :annotation,
-    # :axis,
-    :background_color,
-    :color_palette,
-    :fillrange,
-    :fillcolor,
-    :fillalpha,
-    :foreground_color,
-    :group,
-    :label,
-    :layout,
-    :legend,
-    :linecolor,
-    :linestyle,
-    :linetype,
-    :linewidth,
-    :linealpha,
-    :markershape,
-    :markercolor,
-    :markersize,
-    :markeralpha,
-    :markerstrokewidth,
-    :markerstrokecolor,
-    :markerstrokestyle,
-    :n,
-    :nbins,
-    :nc,
-    :nr,
-    # :pos,
-    # :smooth,
-    :show,
-    :size,
-    :title,
-    :windowtitle,
-    :x,
-    :xlabel,
-    :xlims,
-    :xticks,
-    :y,
-    :ylabel,
-    :ylims,
-    # :yrightlabel,
-    :yticks,
-    :xscale,
-    :yscale,
-    :xflip,
-    :yflip,
-    :z,
-    :zcolor,
-    :tickfont,
-    :guidefont,
-    :legendfont,
-    :grid,
-    :levels,
-  ]
-supportedAxes(::PlotlyPackage) = [:auto, :left]
-supportedTypes(::PlotlyPackage) = [:none, :line, :path, :scatter, :steppre, :steppost,
-                                   :heatmap, :hist, :density, :bar, :contour, :surface, :path3d, :scatter3d,
-                                   :pie] #,, :sticks, :hexbin, :hline, :vline]
-supportedStyles(::PlotlyPackage) = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot]
-supportedMarkers(::PlotlyPackage) = [:none, :auto, :ellipse, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross,
-                                     :pentagon, :hexagon, :octagon, :vline, :hline] #vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
-supportedScales(::PlotlyPackage) = [:identity, :log10] #, :ln, :log2, :log10, :asinh, :sqrt]
-subplotSupported(::PlotlyPackage) = true
-stringsSupported(::PlotlyPackage) = true
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-supportedArgs(::PlotlyJSPackage) = [
-    :annotation,
-    # :axis,
-    :background_color,
-    :color_palette,
-    :fillrange,
-    :fillcolor,
-    :fillalpha,
-    :foreground_color,
-    :group,
-    :label,
-    :layout,
-    :legend,
-    :linecolor,
-    :linestyle,
-    :linetype,
-    :linewidth,
-    :linealpha,
-    :markershape,
-    :markercolor,
-    :markersize,
-    :markeralpha,
-    :markerstrokewidth,
-    :markerstrokecolor,
-    :markerstrokestyle,
-    :n,
-    :nbins,
-    :nc,
-    :nr,
-    # :pos,
-    # :smooth,
-    :show,
-    :size,
-    :title,
-    :windowtitle,
-    :x,
-    :xlabel,
-    :xlims,
-    :xticks,
-    :y,
-    :ylabel,
-    :ylims,
-    # :yrightlabel,
-    :yticks,
-    :xscale,
-    :yscale,
-    :xflip,
-    :yflip,
-    :z,
-    :zcolor,
-    :tickfont,
-    :guidefont,
-    :legendfont,
-    :grid,
-    :levels,
-  ]
-supportedAxes(::PlotlyJSPackage) = [:auto, :left]
-supportedTypes(::PlotlyJSPackage) = [:none, :line, :path, :scatter, :steppre, :steppost,
-                                   :heatmap, :hist, :density, :bar, :contour, :surface, :path3d, :scatter3d,
-                                   :pie] #,, :sticks, :hexbin, :hline, :vline]
-supportedStyles(::PlotlyJSPackage) = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot]
-supportedMarkers(::PlotlyJSPackage) = [:none, :auto, :ellipse, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross,
-                                     :pentagon, :hexagon, :octagon, :vline, :hline] #vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
-supportedScales(::PlotlyJSPackage) = [:identity, :log10] #, :ln, :log2, :log10, :asinh, :sqrt]
-subplotSupported(::PlotlyJSPackage) = true
-stringsSupported(::PlotlyJSPackage) = true
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-supportedArgs(::GLVisualizePackage) = [
-    # :annotation,
-    # :axis,
-    # :background_color,
-    # :color_palette,
-    # :fillrange,
-    # :fillcolor,
-    # :fillalpha,
-    # :foreground_color,
-    # :group,
-    # :label,
-    # :layout,
-    # :legend,
-    # :linecolor,
-    # :linestyle,
-    # :linetype,
-    # :linewidth,
-    # :linealpha,
-    # :markershape,
-    # :markercolor,
-    # :markersize,
-    # :markeralpha,
-    # :markerstrokewidth,
-    # :markerstrokecolor,
-    # :markerstrokestyle,
-    # :n,
-    # :nbins,
-    # :nc,
-    # :nr,
-    # :pos,
-    # :smooth,
-    # :show,
-    # :size,
-    # :title,
-    # :windowtitle,
-    # :x,
-    # :xlabel,
-    # :xlims,
-    # :xticks,
-    # :y,
-    # :ylabel,
-    # :ylims,
-    # :yrightlabel,
-    # :yticks,
-    # :xscale,
-    # :yscale,
-    # :xflip,
-    # :yflip,
-    # :z,
-    # :tickfont,
-    # :guidefont,
-    # :legendfont,
-    # :grid,
-    # :surface
-    # :levels,
-  ]
-supportedAxes(::GLVisualizePackage) = [:auto, :left]
-supportedTypes(::GLVisualizePackage) = [:contour] #, :path, :scatter ,:steppre, :steppost, :sticks, :heatmap, :hexbin, :hist, :bar, :hline, :vline, :contour]
-supportedStyles(::GLVisualizePackage) = [:auto, :solid] #, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
-supportedMarkers(::GLVisualizePackage) = [:none, :auto, :ellipse] #, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5] #vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
-supportedScales(::GLVisualizePackage) = [:identity] #, :log, :log2, :log10, :asinh, :sqrt]
-subplotSupported(::GLVisualizePackage) = false
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-supportedArgs(::PGFPlotsPackage) = [
-    # :annotation,
-    # :axis,
-    # :background_color,
-    # :color_palette,
-    # :fillrange,
-    # :fillcolor,
-    # :fillalpha,
-    # :foreground_color,
-    # :group,
-    # :label,
-    # :layout,
-    # :legend,
-    # :linecolor,
-    # :linestyle,
-    # :linetype,
-    # :linewidth,
-    # :linealpha,
-    # :markershape,
-    # :markercolor,
-    # :markersize,
-    # :markeralpha,
-    # :markerstrokewidth,
-    # :markerstrokecolor,
-    # :markerstrokestyle,
-    # :n,
-    # :nbins,
-    # :nc,
-    # :nr,
-    # :pos,
-    # :smooth,
-    # :show,
-    # :size,
-    # :title,
-    # :windowtitle,
-    # :x,
-    # :xlabel,
-    # :xlims,
-    # :xticks,
-    # :y,
-    # :ylabel,
-    # :ylims,
-    # :yrightlabel,
-    # :yticks,
-    # :xscale,
-    # :yscale,
-    # :xflip,
-    # :yflip,
-    # :z,
-    # :tickfont,
-    # :guidefont,
-    # :legendfont,
-    # :grid,
-    # :surface
-    # :levels,
-  ]
-supportedAxes(::PGFPlotsPackage) = [:auto, :left]
-supportedTypes(::PGFPlotsPackage) = [:contour] #, :path, :scatter ,:steppre, :steppost, :sticks, :heatmap, :hexbin, :hist, :bar, :hline, :vline, :contour]
-supportedStyles(::PGFPlotsPackage) = [:auto, :solid] #, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
-supportedMarkers(::PGFPlotsPackage) = [:none, :auto, :ellipse] #, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5] #vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
-supportedScales(::PGFPlotsPackage) = [:identity] #, :log, :log2, :log10, :asinh, :sqrt]
-subplotSupported(::PGFPlotsPackage) = false
-
@@ -1,89 +1,75 @@

-# TODO: find/replace all [PkgName] with CamelCase, all [pkgname] with lowercase
+# TODO: find/replace all [PkgName] with CamelCase

-# [WEBSITE]
+# [ADD BACKEND WEBSITE]

-function _initialize_backend(::[PkgName]Package; kw...)
-  @eval begin
-    import [PkgName]
-    export [PkgName]
-    # TODO: other initialization that needs to be eval-ed
-  end
-  # TODO: other initialization
+function _initialize_backend(::[PkgName]Backend; kw...)
+    @eval begin
+        import [PkgName]
+        export [PkgName]
+        # todo: other initialization that needs to be eval-ed
+    end
+    # todo: other initialization
 end

 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

-function _create_plot(pkg::[PkgName]Package; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  # TODO: create the window/canvas/context that is the plot within the backend (call it `o`)
-  # TODO: initialize the plot... title, xlabel, bgcolor, etc
-  Plot(nothing, pkg, 0, d, Dict[])
+# Create the window/figure for this backend.
+function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{[PkgName]Backend})
+    nothing
+end
+
+# # this is called early in the pipeline, use it to make the plot current or something
+# function _prepare_plot_object(plt::Plot{[PkgName]Backend})
+# end
+
+# Set up the subplot within the backend object.
+function _initialize_subplot(plt::Plot{[PkgName]Backend}, sp::Subplot{[PkgName]Backend})
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Add one series to the underlying backend object.
+function _series_added(plt::Plot{[PkgName]Backend}, series::Series)
+end
+
+# When series data is added/changed, this callback can do dynamic updates to the backend object.
+# note: if the backend rebuilds the plot from scratch on display, then you might not do anything here.
+function _series_updated(plt::Plot{[PkgName]Backend}, series::Series)
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# called just before updating layout bounding boxes... in case you need to prep
+# for the calcs
+function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{[PkgName]Backend})
+end
+
+# Set the (left, top, right, bottom) minimum padding around the plot area
+# to fit ticks, tick labels, guides, colorbars, etc.
+function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot{[PkgName]Backend})
+    sp.minpad = (20mm, 5mm, 2mm, 10mm)
 end


-function _add_series(::[PkgName]Package, plt::Plot; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  # TODO: add one series to the underlying package
-  push!(plt.seriesargs, d)
-  plt
-end
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------

-function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{[PkgName]Package}, anns::AVec{@compat(Tuple{X,Y,V})})
-  for ann in anns
-    # TODO: add the annotation to the plot
-  end
+# Override this to update plot items (title, xlabel, etc), and add annotations (d[:annotations])
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{[PkgName]Backend})
 end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-function _before_update_plot(plt::Plot{[PkgName]Package})
+# Write a png to io.  You could define methods for:
+    # "application/eps"         => "eps",
+    # "image/eps"               => "eps",
+    # "application/pdf"         => "pdf",
+    # "image/png"               => "png",
+    # "application/postscript"  => "ps",
+    # "image/svg+xml"           => "svg"
+function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{[PkgName]Backend})
 end

-# TODO: override this to update plot items (title, xlabel, etc) after creation
-function _update_plot(plt::Plot{[PkgName]Package}, d::Dict)
-end
-
-function _update_plot_pos_size(plt::PlottingObject{[PkgName]Package}, d::Dict)
-end
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# accessors for x/y data
-
-function Base.getindex(plt::Plot{[PkgName]Package}, i::Int)
-  # TODO: return a tuple of (x, y) vectors
-end
-
-function Base.setindex!(plt::Plot{[PkgName]Package}, xy::Tuple, i::Integer)
-  # TODO: set the plot data from the (x,y) tuple
-  plt
-end
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function _create_subplot(subplt::Subplot{[PkgName]Package}, isbefore::Bool)
-  # TODO: build the underlying Subplot object.  this is where you might layout the panes within a GUI window, for example
-end
-
-function _expand_limits(lims, plt::Plot{[PkgName]Package}, isx::Bool)
-  # TODO: call expand limits for each plot data
-end
-
-function _remove_axis(plt::Plot{[PkgName]Package}, isx::Bool)
-  # TODO: if plot is inner subplot, might need to remove ticks or axis labels
-end
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::PlottingObject{[PkgName]Package})
-  # TODO: write a png to io
-end
-
-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{[PkgName]Package})
-  # TODO: display/show the plot
-end
-
-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Subplot{[PkgName]Package})
-  # TODO: display/show the subplot
+# Display/show the plot (open a GUI window, or browser page, for example).
+function _display(plt::Plot{[PkgName]Backend})
 end
@@ -1,203 +1,224 @@

 # https://github.com/Evizero/UnicodePlots.jl

-function _initialize_backend(::UnicodePlotsPackage; kw...)
-  @eval begin
-    import UnicodePlots
-    export UnicodePlots
-  end
+@require Revise begin
+    Revise.track(Plots, joinpath(Pkg.dir("Plots"), "src", "backends", "unicodeplots.jl"))
+end
+
+const _unicodeplots_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
+    :label,
+    :legend,
+    :seriescolor,
+    :seriesalpha,
+    :linestyle,
+    :markershape,
+    :bins,
+    :title,
+    :guide, :lims,
+  ])
+const _unicodeplots_seriestype = [
+    :path, :scatter, :straightline,
+    # :bar,
+    :shape,
+    :histogram2d,
+    :spy
+]
+const _unicodeplots_style = [:auto, :solid]
+const _unicodeplots_marker = [:none, :auto, :circle]
+const _unicodeplots_scale = [:identity]
+
+
+# don't warn on unsupported... there's just too many warnings!!
+warnOnUnsupported_args(::UnicodePlotsBackend, d::KW) = nothing
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function add_backend_string(::UnicodePlotsBackend)
+    """
+    Pkg.add("UnicodePlots")
+    Pkg.build("UnicodePlots")
+    """
+end
+
+function _initialize_backend(::UnicodePlotsBackend; kw...)
+    @eval begin
+        import UnicodePlots
+        export UnicodePlots
+    end
 end

 # -------------------------------

+const _canvas_type = Ref(:auto)
+
+function _canvas_map()
+    KW(
+        :braille => UnicodePlots.BrailleCanvas,
+        :ascii => UnicodePlots.AsciiCanvas,
+        :block => UnicodePlots.BlockCanvas,
+        :dot => UnicodePlots.DotCanvas,
+        :density => UnicodePlots.DensityCanvas,
+    )
+end
+

 # do all the magic here... build it all at once, since we need to know about all the series at the very beginning
-function rebuildUnicodePlot!(plt::Plot)
+function rebuildUnicodePlot!(plt::Plot, width, height)
+    plt.o = []

-  # figure out the plotting area xlim = [xmin, xmax] and ylim = [ymin, ymax]
-  sargs = plt.seriesargs
-  iargs = plt.plotargs
+    for sp in plt.subplots
+        xaxis = sp[:xaxis]
+        yaxis = sp[:yaxis]
+        xlim =  axis_limits(xaxis)
+        ylim =  axis_limits(yaxis)

-  # get the x/y limits
-  if get(iargs, :xlims, :auto) == :auto
-    xlim = [Inf, -Inf]
-    for d in sargs
-      _expand_limits(xlim, d[:x])
+        # make vectors
+        xlim = [xlim[1], xlim[2]]
+        ylim = [ylim[1], ylim[2]]
+
+        # we set x/y to have a single point, since we need to create the plot with some data.
+        # since this point is at the bottom left corner of the plot, it shouldn't actually be shown
+        x = Float64[xlim[1]]
+        y = Float64[ylim[1]]
+
+        # create a plot window with xlim/ylim set, but the X/Y vectors are outside the bounds
+        ct = _canvas_type[]
+        canvas_type = if ct == :auto
+            isijulia() ? UnicodePlots.AsciiCanvas : UnicodePlots.BrailleCanvas
+        else
+            _canvas_map()[ct]
+        end
+
+        # special handling for spy
+        if length(sp.series_list) == 1
+            series = sp.series_list[1]
+            if series[:seriestype] == :spy
+                push!(plt.o, UnicodePlots.spy(
+                    series[:z].surf,
+                    width = width,
+                    height = height,
+                    title = sp[:title],
+                    canvas = canvas_type
+                ))
+                continue
+            end
+        end
+
+        # # make it a bar canvas if plotting bar
+        # if any(series -> series[:seriestype] == :bar, series_list(sp))
+        #     canvas_type = UnicodePlots.BarplotGraphics
+        # end
+
+        o = UnicodePlots.Plot(x, y, canvas_type;
+            width = width,
+            height = height,
+            title = sp[:title],
+            xlim = xlim,
+            ylim = ylim,
+            border = isijulia() ? :ascii : :solid
+        )
+
+        # set the axis labels
+        UnicodePlots.xlabel!(o, xaxis[:guide])
+        UnicodePlots.ylabel!(o, yaxis[:guide])
+
+        # now use the ! functions to add to the plot
+        for series in series_list(sp)
+            addUnicodeSeries!(o, series.d, sp[:legend] != :none, xlim, ylim)
+        end
+
+        # save the object
+        push!(plt.o, o)
    end
-  else
-    xmin, xmax = iargs[:xlims]
-    xlim = [xmin, xmax]
-  end
-
-  if get(iargs, :ylims, :auto) == :auto
-    ylim = [Inf, -Inf]
-    for d in sargs
-      _expand_limits(ylim, d[:y])
-    end
-  else
-    ymin, ymax = iargs[:ylims]
-    ylim = [ymin, ymax]
-  end
-
-  # we set x/y to have a single point, since we need to create the plot with some data.
-  # since this point is at the bottom left corner of the plot, it shouldn't actually be shown
-  x = Float64[xlim[1]]
-  y = Float64[ylim[1]]
-
-  # create a plot window with xlim/ylim set, but the X/Y vectors are outside the bounds
-  width, height = iargs[:size]
-  o = UnicodePlots.Plot(x, y; width = width,
-                                height = height,
-                                title = iargs[:title],
-                                # labels = iargs[:legend],
-                                xlim = xlim,
-                                ylim = ylim)
-
-  # set the axis labels
-  UnicodePlots.xlabel!(o, iargs[:xlabel])
-  UnicodePlots.ylabel!(o, iargs[:ylabel])
-
-  # now use the ! functions to add to the plot
-  for d in sargs
-    addUnicodeSeries!(o, d, iargs[:legend] != :none, xlim, ylim)
-  end
-
-  # save the object
-  plt.o = o
 end


 # add a single series
-function addUnicodeSeries!(o, d::Dict, addlegend::Bool, xlim, ylim)
-
-  # get the function, or special handling for step/bar/hist
-  lt = d[:linetype]
-
-  # handle hline/vline separately
-  if lt in (:hline,:vline)
-    for yi in d[:y]
-      if lt == :hline
-        UnicodePlots.lineplot!(o, xlim, [yi,yi])
-      else
-        UnicodePlots.lineplot!(o, [yi,yi], ylim)
-      end
+function addUnicodeSeries!(o, d::KW, addlegend::Bool, xlim, ylim)
+    # get the function, or special handling for step/bar/hist
+    st = d[:seriestype]
+    if st == :histogram2d
+        UnicodePlots.densityplot!(o, d[:x], d[:y])
+        return
    end
-    return
-  end

-  stepstyle = :post
-  if lt == :path
-    func = UnicodePlots.lineplot!
-  elseif lt == :scatter || d[:markershape] != :none
-    func = UnicodePlots.scatterplot!
-  elseif lt == :steppost
-    func = UnicodePlots.stairs!
-  elseif lt == :steppre
-    func = UnicodePlots.stairs!
-    stepstyle = :pre
-  else
-    error("Linestyle $lt not supported by UnicodePlots")
-  end
+    if st in (:path, :straightline)
+        func = UnicodePlots.lineplot!
+    elseif st == :scatter || d[:markershape] != :none
+        func = UnicodePlots.scatterplot!
+    # elseif st == :bar
+    #     func = UnicodePlots.barplot!
+    elseif st == :shape
+        func = UnicodePlots.lineplot!
+    else
+        error("Linestyle $st not supported by UnicodePlots")
+    end

-  # get the series data and label
-  x, y = [collect(float(d[s])) for s in (:x, :y)]
-  label = addlegend ? d[:label] : ""
+    # get the series data and label
+    x, y = if st == :straightline
+        straightline_data(d)
+    elseif st == :shape
+        shape_data(series)
+    else
+        [collect(float(d[s])) for s in (:x, :y)]
+    end
+    label = addlegend ? d[:label] : ""

-  # if we happen to pass in allowed color symbols, great... otherwise let UnicodePlots decide
-  color = d[:linecolor] in UnicodePlots.color_cycle ? d[:linecolor] : :auto
+    # if we happen to pass in allowed color symbols, great... otherwise let UnicodePlots decide
+    color = d[:linecolor] in UnicodePlots.color_cycle ? d[:linecolor] : :auto

-  # add the series
-  func(o, x, y; color = color, name = label, style = stepstyle)
-end
-
-
-function handlePlotColors(::UnicodePlotsPackage, d::Dict)
-  # TODO: something special for unicodeplots, since it doesn't take kindly to people messing with its color palette
-  d[:color_palette] = [RGB(0,0,0)]
+    # add the series
+    x, y = Plots.unzip(collect(Base.Iterators.filter(xy->isfinite(xy[1])&&isfinite(xy[2]), zip(x,y))))
+    func(o, x, y; color = color, name = label)
 end

 # -------------------------------

+# since this is such a hack, it's only callable using `png`... should error during normal `show`
+function png(plt::AbstractPlot{UnicodePlotsBackend}, fn::AbstractString)
+    fn = addExtension(fn, "png")

-function _create_plot(pkg::UnicodePlotsPackage; kw...)
-  plt = Plot(nothing, pkg, 0, Dict(kw), Dict[])
+    # make some whitespace and show the plot
+    println("\n\n\n\n\n\n")
+    gui(plt)

-  # do we want to give a new default size?
-  if !haskey(plt.plotargs, :size) || plt.plotargs[:size] == _plotDefaults[:size]
-    plt.plotargs[:size] = (60,20)
-  end
+    # @osx_only begin
+    @static if is_apple()
+        # BEGIN HACK

-  plt
-end
+        # wait while the plot gets drawn
+        sleep(0.5)

-function _add_series(::UnicodePlotsPackage, plt::Plot; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  if d[:linetype] in (:sticks, :bar)
-    d = barHack(; d...)
-  elseif d[:linetype] == :hist
-    d = barHack(; histogramHack(; d...)...)
-  end
-  push!(plt.seriesargs, d)
-  plt
-end
+        # use osx screen capture when my terminal is maximized and cursor starts at the bottom (I know, right?)
+        # TODO: compute size of plot to adjust these numbers (or maybe implement something good??)
+        run(`screencapture -R50,600,700,420 $fn`)

-
-function _update_plot(plt::Plot{UnicodePlotsPackage}, d::Dict)
-  for k in (:title, :xlabel, :ylabel, :xlims, :ylims)
-    if haskey(d, k)
-      plt.plotargs[k] = d[k]
+        # END HACK (phew)
+        return
    end
-  end
-end

-
-# -------------------------------
-
-# since this is such a hack, it's only callable using `png`... should error during normal `writemime`
-function png(plt::PlottingObject{UnicodePlotsPackage}, fn::@compat(AbstractString))
-  fn = addExtension(fn, "png")
-
-  # make some whitespace and show the plot
-  println("\n\n\n\n\n\n")
-  gui(plt)
-
-  @osx_only begin
-    # BEGIN HACK
-
-    # wait while the plot gets drawn
-    sleep(0.5)
-
-    # use osx screen capture when my terminal is maximized and cursor starts at the bottom (I know, right?)
-    # TODO: compute size of plot to adjust these numbers (or maybe implement something good??)
-    run(`screencapture -R50,600,700,420 $fn`)
-
-    # END HACK (phew)
-    return
-  end
-
-  error("Can only savepng on osx with UnicodePlots (though even then I wouldn't do it)")
+    error("Can only savepng on osx with UnicodePlots (though even then I wouldn't do it)")
 end

 # -------------------------------

 # we don't do very much for subplots... just stack them vertically

-function _create_subplot(subplt::Subplot{UnicodePlotsPackage}, isbefore::Bool)
-  isbefore && return false
-  true
+function unicodeplots_rebuild(plt::Plot{UnicodePlotsBackend})
+    w, h = plt[:size]
+    plt.attr[:color_palette] = [RGB(0,0,0)]
+    rebuildUnicodePlot!(plt, div(w, 10), div(h, 20))
+end
+
+function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/plain", plt::Plot{UnicodePlotsBackend})
+    unicodeplots_rebuild(plt)
+    foreach(x -> show(io, x), plt.o)
+    nothing
 end


-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{UnicodePlotsPackage})
-  rebuildUnicodePlot!(plt)
-  show(plt.o)
+function _display(plt::Plot{UnicodePlotsBackend})
+    unicodeplots_rebuild(plt)
+    map(show, plt.o)
+    nothing
 end
-
-
-
-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, subplt::Subplot{UnicodePlotsPackage})
-  for plt in subplt.plts
-    gui(plt)
-  end
-end
-
@@ -2,14 +2,17 @@
 # NOTE:  backend should implement `html_body` and `html_head`

 # CREDIT: parts of this implementation were inspired by @joshday's PlotlyLocal.jl
+@require Revise begin
+    Revise.track(Plots, joinpath(Pkg.dir("Plots"), "src", "backends", "web.jl")) 
+end

-
-function standalone_html(plt::PlottingObject; title::AbstractString = get(plt.plotargs, :window_title, "Plots.jl"))
+function standalone_html(plt::AbstractPlot; title::AbstractString = get(plt.attr, :window_title, "Plots.jl"))
    """
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
        <head>
            <title>$title</title>
+            <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
            $(html_head(plt))
        </head>
        <body>
@@ -20,19 +23,47 @@ function standalone_html(plt::PlottingObject; title::AbstractString = get(plt.pl
 end

 function open_browser_window(filename::AbstractString)
-    @osx_only   return run(`open $(filename)`)
-    @linux_only return run(`xdg-open $(filename)`)
-    @windows_only return run(`$(ENV["COMSPEC"]) /c start $(filename)`)
+    @static if is_apple()
+        return run(`open $(filename)`)
+    end
+    @static if is_linux() || is_bsd()    # is_bsd() addition is as yet untested, but based on suggestion in https://github.com/JuliaPlots/Plots.jl/issues/681
+        return run(`xdg-open $(filename)`)
+    end
+    @static if is_windows()
+        return run(`$(ENV["COMSPEC"]) /c start "" "$(filename)"`)
+    end
    warn("Unknown OS... cannot open browser window.")
 end

-function standalone_html_window(plt::PlottingObject; kw...)
-    html = standalone_html(plt; kw...)
-    # println(html)
+function write_temp_html(plt::AbstractPlot)
+    html = standalone_html(plt; title = plt.attr[:window_title])
    filename = string(tempname(), ".html")
    output = open(filename, "w")
    write(output, html)
    close(output)
+    filename
+end
+
+function standalone_html_window(plt::AbstractPlot)
+    filename = write_temp_html(plt)
    open_browser_window(filename)
 end

+# uses wkhtmltopdf/wkhtmltoimage: http://wkhtmltopdf.org/downloads.html
+function html_to_png(html_fn, png_fn, w, h)
+    run(`wkhtmltoimage -f png -q --width $w --height $h --disable-smart-width $html_fn $png_fn`)
+end
+
+function show_png_from_html(io::IO, plt::AbstractPlot)
+    # write html to a temporary file
+    html_fn = write_temp_html(plt)
+
+    # convert that html file to a temporary png file using wkhtmltoimage
+    png_fn = tempname() * ".png"
+    w, h = plt.attr[:size]
+    html_to_png(html_fn, png_fn, w, h)
+
+    # now read that file data into io
+    pngdata = readall(png_fn)
+    write(io, pngdata)
+end
@@ -1,11 +1,64 @@

-immutable Shape
-  vertices::AVec
+
+const P2 = FixedSizeArrays.Vec{2,Float64}
+const P3 = FixedSizeArrays.Vec{3,Float64}
+
+nanpush!(a::AbstractVector{P2}, b) = (push!(a, P2(NaN,NaN)); push!(a, b))
+nanappend!(a::AbstractVector{P2}, b) = (push!(a, P2(NaN,NaN)); append!(a, b))
+nanpush!(a::AbstractVector{P3}, b) = (push!(a, P3(NaN,NaN,NaN)); push!(a, b))
+nanappend!(a::AbstractVector{P3}, b) = (push!(a, P3(NaN,NaN,NaN)); append!(a, b))
+compute_angle(v::P2) = (angle = atan2(v[2], v[1]); angle < 0 ? 2π - angle : angle)
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct Shape
+    x::Vector{Float64}
+    y::Vector{Float64}
+    # function Shape(x::AVec, y::AVec)
+    #     # if x[1] != x[end] || y[1] != y[end]
+    #     #     new(vcat(x, x[1]), vcat(y, y[1]))
+    #     # else
+    #         new(x, y)
+    #     end
+    # end
+end
+
+"""
+    Shape(x, y)
+    Shape(vertices)
+
+Construct a polygon to be plotted
+"""
+Shape(verts::AVec) = Shape(unzip(verts)...)
+Shape(s::Shape) = deepcopy(s)
+
+get_xs(shape::Shape) = shape.x
+get_ys(shape::Shape) = shape.y
+vertices(shape::Shape) = collect(zip(shape.x, shape.y))
+
+#deprecated
+@deprecate shape_coords coords
+
+"return the vertex points from a Shape or Segments object"
+function coords(shape::Shape)
+    shape.x, shape.y
+end
+
+function coords(shapes::AVec{Shape})
+    length(shapes) == 0 && return zeros(0), zeros(0)
+    xs = map(get_xs, shapes)
+    ys = map(get_ys, shapes)
+    x, y = map(copy, coords(shapes[1]))
+    for shape in shapes[2:end]
+        nanappend!(x, shape.x)
+        nanappend!(y, shape.y)
+    end
+    x, y
 end

 "get an array of tuples of points on a circle with radius `r`"
 function partialcircle(start_θ, end_θ, n = 20, r=1)
-  @compat(Tuple{Float64,Float64})[(r*cos(u),r*sin(u)) for u in linspace(start_θ, end_θ, n)]
+    Tuple{Float64,Float64}[(r*cos(u),r*sin(u)) for u in linspace(start_θ, end_θ, n)]
 end

 "interleave 2 vectors into each other (like a zipper's teeth)"
@@ -17,9 +70,6 @@ function weave(x,y; ordering = Vector[x,y])
      try
          push!(ret, shift!(o))
      end
-      # try
-      #     push!(ret, shift!(y))
-      # end
    end
    done = isempty(x) && isempty(y)
  end
@@ -33,13 +83,13 @@ function makestar(n; offset = -0.5, radius = 1.0)
    z2 = z1 + π / (n)
    outercircle = partialcircle(z1, z1 + 2π, n+1, radius)
    innercircle = partialcircle(z2, z2 + 2π, n+1, 0.4radius)
-    Shape(weave(outercircle, innercircle)[1:end-2])
+    Shape(weave(outercircle, innercircle))
 end

 "create a shape by picking points around the unit circle.  `n` is the number of point/sides, `offset` is the starting angle"
 function makeshape(n; offset = -0.5, radius = 1.0)
    z = offset * π
-    Shape(partialcircle(z, z + 2π, n+1, radius)[1:end-1])
+    Shape(partialcircle(z, z + 2π, n+1, radius))
 end


@@ -48,17 +98,52 @@ function makecross(; offset = -0.5, radius = 1.0)
    z1 = z2 - π/8
    outercircle = partialcircle(z1, z1 + 2π, 9, radius)
    innercircle = partialcircle(z2, z2 + 2π, 5, 0.5radius)
-    Shape(weave(outercircle, innercircle, 
-                ordering=Vector[outercircle,innercircle,outercircle])[1:end-2])
+    Shape(weave(outercircle, innercircle,
+                ordering=Vector[outercircle,innercircle,outercircle]))
 end


-const _shapes = @compat Dict(
-    :ellipse    => makeshape(20),
+from_polar(angle, dist) = P2(dist*cos(angle), dist*sin(angle))
+
+function makearrowhead(angle; h = 2.0, w = 0.4)
+    tip = from_polar(angle, h)
+    Shape(P2[(0,0), from_polar(angle - 0.5π, w) - tip,
+        from_polar(angle + 0.5π, w) - tip, (0,0)])
+end
+
+const _shape_keys = Symbol[
+  :circle,
+  :rect,
+  :star5,
+  :diamond,
+  :hexagon,
+  :cross,
+  :xcross,
+  :utriangle,
+  :dtriangle,
+  :rtriangle,
+  :ltriangle,
+  :pentagon,
+  :heptagon,
+  :octagon,
+  :star4,
+  :star6,
+  :star7,
+  :star8,
+  :vline,
+  :hline,
+  :+,
+  :x,
+]
+
+const _shapes = KW(
+    :circle    => makeshape(20),
    :rect       => makeshape(4, offset=-0.25),
    :diamond    => makeshape(4),
-    :utriangle  => makeshape(3),
-    :dtriangle  => makeshape(3, offset=0.5),
+    :utriangle  => makeshape(3, offset=0.5),
+    :dtriangle  => makeshape(3, offset=-0.5),
+    :rtriangle  => makeshape(3, offset=0.0),
+    :ltriangle  => makeshape(3, offset=1.0),
    :pentagon   => makeshape(5),
    :hexagon    => makeshape(6),
    :heptagon   => makeshape(7),
@@ -70,13 +155,98 @@ const _shapes = @compat Dict(
  )

 for n in [4,5,6,7,8]
-  _shapes[symbol("star$n")] = makestar(n)
+  _shapes[Symbol("star$n")] = makestar(n)
+end
+
+Shape(k::Symbol) = deepcopy(_shapes[k])
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# uses the centroid calculation from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centroid#Centroid_of_polygon
+"return the centroid of a Shape"
+function center(shape::Shape)
+    x, y = coords(shape)
+    n = length(x)
+    A, Cx, Cy = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
+    for i=1:n
+        ip1 = i==n ? 1 : i+1
+        A += x[i] * y[ip1] - x[ip1] * y[i]
+    end
+    A *= 0.5
+    for i=1:n
+        ip1 = i==n ? 1 : i+1
+        m = (x[i] * y[ip1] - x[ip1] * y[i])
+        Cx += (x[i] + x[ip1]) * m
+        Cy += (y[i] + y[ip1]) * m
+    end
+    Cx / 6A, Cy / 6A
+end
+
+function scale!(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x, c = center(shape))
+    sx, sy = coords(shape)
+    cx, cy = c
+    for i=1:length(sx)
+        sx[i] = (sx[i] - cx) * x + cx
+        sy[i] = (sy[i] - cy) * y + cy
+    end
+    shape
+end
+
+function scale(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x, c = center(shape))
+    shapecopy = deepcopy(shape)
+    scale!(shapecopy, x, y, c)
+end
+
+"translate a Shape in space"
+function translate!(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x)
+    sx, sy = coords(shape)
+    for i=1:length(sx)
+        sx[i] += x
+        sy[i] += y
+    end
+    shape
+end
+
+function translate(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x)
+    shapecopy = deepcopy(shape)
+    translate!(shapecopy, x, y)
+end
+
+function rotate_x(x::Real, y::Real, Θ::Real, centerx::Real, centery::Real)
+    (x - centerx) * cos(Θ) - (y - centery) * sin(Θ) + centerx
+end
+
+function rotate_y(x::Real, y::Real, Θ::Real, centerx::Real, centery::Real)
+    (y - centery) * cos(Θ) + (x - centerx) * sin(Θ) + centery
+end
+
+function rotate(x::Real, y::Real, θ::Real, c = center(shape))
+    cx, cy = c
+    rotate_x(x, y, Θ, cx, cy), rotate_y(x, y, Θ, cx, cy)
+end
+
+function rotate!(shape::Shape, Θ::Real, c = center(shape))
+    x, y = coords(shape)
+    cx, cy = c
+    for i=1:length(x)
+        xi = rotate_x(x[i], y[i], Θ, cx, cy)
+        yi = rotate_y(x[i], y[i], Θ, cx, cy)
+        x[i], y[i] = xi, yi
+    end
+    shape
+end
+
+"rotate an object in space"
+function rotate(shape::Shape, Θ::Real, c = center(shape))
+    shapecopy = deepcopy(shape)
+    rotate!(shapecopy, Θ, c)
 end

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------


-immutable Font
+mutable struct Font
  family::AbstractString
  pointsize::Int
  halign::Symbol
@@ -87,9 +257,9 @@ end

 "Create a Font from a list of unordered features"
 function font(args...)
-  
+
  # defaults
-  family = "Helvetica"
+  family = "sans-serif"
  pointsize = 14
  halign = :hcenter
  valign = :vcenter
@@ -99,7 +269,14 @@ function font(args...)
  for arg in args
    T = typeof(arg)

-    if arg == :center
+    if T == Font
+      family = arg.family
+      pointsize = arg.pointsize
+      halign = arg.halign
+      valign = arg.valign
+      rotation = arg.rotation
+      color = arg.color
+    elseif arg == :center
      halign = :hcenter
      valign = :vcenter
    elseif arg in (:hcenter, :left, :right)
@@ -108,7 +285,7 @@ function font(args...)
      valign = arg
    elseif T <: Colorant
      color = arg
-    elseif T <: @compat Union{Symbol,AbstractString}
+    elseif T <: Symbol || T <: AbstractString
      try
        color = parse(Colorant, string(arg))
      catch
@@ -126,34 +303,79 @@ function font(args...)
  Font(family, pointsize, halign, valign, rotation, color)
 end

+function scalefontsize(k::Symbol, factor::Number)
+    f = default(k)
+    f = round(Int, factor * f)
+    default(k, f)
+end
+
+"""
+    scalefontsizes(factor::Number)
+
+Scales all **current** font sizes by `factor`. For example `scalefontsizes(1.1)` increases all current font sizes by 10%. To reset to initial sizes, use `scalefontsizes()`
+"""
+function scalefontsizes(factor::Number)
+    for k in (:titlefontsize, :guidefontsize, :tickfontsize, :legendfontsize)
+        scalefontsize(k, factor)
+    end
+end
+
+"""
+    scalefontsizes()
+
+Resets font sizes to initial default values.
+"""
+function scalefontsizes()
+  for k in (:titlefontsize, :guidefontsize, :tickfontsize, :legendfontsize)
+      f = default(k)
+      if k in keys(_initial_fontsizes)
+        factor = f / _initial_fontsizes[k]
+        scalefontsize(k, 1.0/factor)
+      end
+  end
+end
+
 "Wrap a string with font info"
-immutable PlotText
-  str::@compat(AbstractString)
+struct PlotText
+  str::AbstractString
  font::Font
 end
 PlotText(str) = PlotText(string(str), font())

+"""
+    text(string, args...)
+
+Create a PlotText object wrapping a string with font info, for plot annotations
+"""
+text(t::PlotText) = t
+text(t::PlotText, font::Font) = PlotText(t.str, font)
+text(str::AbstractString, f::Font) = PlotText(str, f)
 function text(str, args...)
  PlotText(string(str), font(args...))
 end

+Base.length(t::PlotText) = length(t.str)
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-immutable Stroke
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct Stroke
  width
  color
  alpha
  style
 end

+"""
+    stroke(args...; alpha = nothing)
+
+Define the properties of the stroke used in plotting lines
+"""
 function stroke(args...; alpha = nothing)
-  # defaults
-  # width = 1
-  # color = colorant"black"
-  # style = :solid
-  width = nothing
-  color = nothing
-  style = nothing
+  width = 1
+  color = :black
+  style = :solid

  for arg in args
    T = typeof(arg)
@@ -163,14 +385,12 @@ function stroke(args...; alpha = nothing)
      style = arg
    elseif T <: Colorant
      color = arg
-    elseif T <: @compat Union{Symbol,AbstractString}
+    elseif T <: Symbol || T <: AbstractString
      try
        color = parse(Colorant, string(arg))
      end
-    # elseif trueOrAllTrue(a -> typeof(a) <: Real && a > 0 && a < 1, arg)
    elseif allAlphas(arg)
      alpha = arg
-    # elseif typeof(arg) <: Real
    elseif allReals(arg)
      width = arg
    else
@@ -182,32 +402,27 @@ function stroke(args...; alpha = nothing)
 end


-immutable Brush
+struct Brush
  size  # fillrange, markersize, or any other sizey attribute
  color
  alpha
 end

 function brush(args...; alpha = nothing)
-  # defaults
-  # sz = 1
-  # color = colorant"black"
-  size = nothing
-  color = nothing
+  size = 1
+  color = :black

  for arg in args
    T = typeof(arg)

    if T <: Colorant
      color = arg
-    elseif T <: @compat Union{Symbol,AbstractString}
+    elseif T <: Symbol || T <: AbstractString
      try
        color = parse(Colorant, string(arg))
      end
-    # elseif trueOrAllTrue(a -> typeof(a) <: Real && a > 0 && a < 1, arg)
    elseif allAlphas(arg)
      alpha = arg
-    # elseif typeof(arg) <: Real
    elseif allReals(arg)
      size = arg
    else
@@ -220,26 +435,177 @@ end

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------

+mutable struct SeriesAnnotations
+    strs::AbstractVector  # the labels/names
+    font::Font
+    baseshape::Nullable
+    scalefactor::Tuple
+end
+function series_annotations(strs::AbstractVector, args...)
+    fnt = font()
+    shp = Nullable{Any}()
+    scalefactor = (1,1)
+    for arg in args
+        if isa(arg, Shape) || (isa(arg, AbstractVector) && eltype(arg) == Shape)
+            shp = Nullable(arg)
+        elseif isa(arg, Font)
+            fnt = arg
+        elseif isa(arg, Symbol) && haskey(_shapes, arg)
+            shp = _shapes[arg]
+        elseif isa(arg, Number)
+            scalefactor = (arg,arg)
+        elseif is_2tuple(arg)
+            scalefactor = arg
+        else
+            warn("Unused SeriesAnnotations arg: $arg ($(typeof(arg)))")
+        end
+    end
+    # if scalefactor != 1
+    #     for s in get(shp)
+    #         scale!(s, scalefactor, scalefactor, (0,0))
+    #     end
+    # end
+    SeriesAnnotations(strs, fnt, shp, scalefactor)
+end
+series_annotations(anns::SeriesAnnotations) = anns
+series_annotations(::Void) = nothing
+
+function series_annotations_shapes!(series::Series, scaletype::Symbol = :pixels)
+    anns = series[:series_annotations]
+    # msw,msh = anns.scalefactor
+    # ms = series[:markersize]
+    # msw,msh = if isa(ms, AbstractVector)
+    #     1,1
+    # elseif is_2tuple(ms)
+    #     ms
+    # else
+    #     ms,ms
+    # end
+
+    # @show msw msh
+    if anns != nothing && !isnull(anns.baseshape)
+        # we use baseshape to overwrite the markershape attribute
+        # with a list of custom shapes for each
+        msw,msh = anns.scalefactor
+        msize = Float64[]
+        shapes = Shape[begin
+            str = _cycle(anns.strs,i)
+
+            # get the width and height of the string (in mm)
+            sw, sh = text_size(str, anns.font.pointsize)
+
+            # how much to scale the base shape?
+            # note: it's a rough assumption that the shape fills the unit box [-1,-1,1,1],
+            #       so we scale the length-2 shape by 1/2 the total length
+            scalar = (backend() == PyPlotBackend() ? 1.7 : 1.0)
+            xscale = 0.5to_pixels(sw) * scalar
+            yscale = 0.5to_pixels(sh) * scalar
+
+            # we save the size of the larger direction to the markersize list,
+            # and then re-scale a copy of baseshape to match the w/h ratio
+            maxscale = max(xscale, yscale)
+            push!(msize, maxscale)
+            baseshape = _cycle(get(anns.baseshape),i)
+            shape = scale(baseshape, msw*xscale/maxscale, msh*yscale/maxscale, (0,0))
+        end for i=1:length(anns.strs)]
+        series[:markershape] = shapes
+        series[:markersize] = msize
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+mutable struct EachAnn
+    anns
+    x
+    y
+end
+Base.start(ea::EachAnn) = 1
+Base.done(ea::EachAnn, i) = ea.anns == nothing || isempty(ea.anns.strs) || i > length(ea.y)
+function Base.next(ea::EachAnn, i)
+    tmp = _cycle(ea.anns.strs,i)
+    str,fnt = if isa(tmp, PlotText)
+        tmp.str, tmp.font
+    else
+        tmp, ea.anns.font
+    end
+    ((_cycle(ea.x,i), _cycle(ea.y,i), str, fnt), i+1)
+end
+
+annotations(::Void) = []
+annotations(anns::AVec) = anns
+annotations(anns) = Any[anns]
+annotations(sa::SeriesAnnotations) = sa
+
+# Expand arrays of coordinates, positions and labels into induvidual annotations
+# and make sure labels are of type PlotText
+function process_annotation(sp::Subplot, xs, ys, labs, font = font())
+    anns = []
+    labs = makevec(labs)
+    for i in 1:max(length(xs), length(ys), length(labs))
+        x, y, lab = _cycle(xs, i), _cycle(ys, i), _cycle(labs, i)
+        if lab == :auto
+            alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+            push!(anns, (x, y, text(string("(", alphabet[sp[:subplot_index]], ")"), font)))
+        else
+            push!(anns, (x, y, isa(lab, PlotText) ? lab : text(lab, font)))
+        end
+    end
+    anns
+end
+function process_annotation(sp::Subplot, positions::Union{AVec{Symbol},Symbol}, labs, font = font())
+    anns = []
+    positions, labs = makevec(positions), makevec(labs)
+    for i in 1:max(length(positions), length(labs))
+        pos, lab = _cycle(positions, i), _cycle(labs, i)
+        pos = get(_positionAliases, pos, pos)
+        if lab == :auto
+            alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+            push!(anns, (pos, text(string("(", alphabet[sp[:subplot_index]], ")"), font)))
+        else
+            push!(anns, (pos, isa(lab, PlotText) ? lab : text(lab, font)))
+        end
+    end
+    anns
+end
+
+# Give each annotation coordinates based on specified position
+function locate_annotation(sp::Subplot, pos::Symbol, lab::PlotText)
+    position_multiplier = Dict{Symbol, Tuple{Float64,Float64}}(
+        :topleft       => (0.1, 0.9),
+        :topcenter     => (0.5, 0.9),
+        :topright      => (0.9, 0.9),
+        :bottomleft    => (0.1, 0.1),
+        :bottomcenter  => (0.5, 0.1),
+        :bottomright   => (0.9, 0.1),
+    )
+    xmin, xmax = ignorenan_extrema(sp[:xaxis])
+    ymin, ymax = ignorenan_extrema(sp[:yaxis])
+    x, y = (xmin, ymin).+ position_multiplier[pos].* (xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin)
+    (x, y, lab)
+end
+locate_annotation(sp::Subplot, x, y, label::PlotText) = (x, y, label)
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 "type which represents z-values for colors and sizes (and anything else that might come up)"
-immutable ZValues
+struct ZValues
  values::Vector{Float64}
  zrange::Tuple{Float64,Float64}
 end

-function zvalues{T<:Real}(values::AVec{T}, zrange::Tuple{T,T} = (minimum(values), maximum(values)))
+function zvalues(values::AVec{T}, zrange::Tuple{T,T} = (ignorenan_minimum(values), ignorenan_maximum(values))) where T<:Real
  ZValues(collect(float(values)), map(Float64, zrange))
 end

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------

+abstract type AbstractSurface end
+
 "represents a contour or surface mesh"
-immutable Surface{M<:AMat}
-  # x::AVec
-  # y::AVec
+struct Surface{M<:AMat} <: AbstractSurface
  surf::M
 end

-Surface(f::Function, x, y) = Surface(Float64[f(xi,yi) for xi in x, yi in y])
+Surface(f::Function, x, y) = Surface(Float64[f(xi,yi) for yi in y, xi in x])

 Base.Array(surf::Surface) = surf.surf

@@ -247,80 +613,151 @@ for f in (:length, :size)
  @eval Base.$f(surf::Surface, args...) = $f(surf.surf, args...)
 end
 Base.copy(surf::Surface) = Surface(copy(surf.surf))
+Base.eltype(surf::Surface{T}) where {T} = eltype(T)

-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+function expand_extrema!(a::Axis, surf::Surface)
+    ex = a[:extrema]
+    for vi in surf.surf
+        expand_extrema!(ex, vi)
+    end
+    ex
+end

-type OHLC{T<:Real}
-  open::T
-  high::T
-  low::T
-  close::T
+"For the case of representing a surface as a function of x/y... can possibly avoid allocations."
+struct SurfaceFunction <: AbstractSurface
+    f::Function
 end


-# @require FixedSizeArrays begin
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-  export
-    P2,
-    P3,
-    BezierCurve,
-    curve_points,
-    directed_curve
-  
-  typealias P2 FixedSizeArrays.Vec{2,Float64}
-  typealias P3 FixedSizeArrays.Vec{3,Float64}
+# # I don't want to clash with ValidatedNumerics, but this would be nice:
+# ..(a::T, b::T) = (a,b)

-  type BezierCurve{T <: FixedSizeArrays.Vec}
-      control_points::Vector{T}
-  end
+struct Volume{T}
+    v::Array{T,3}
+    x_extents::Tuple{T,T}
+    y_extents::Tuple{T,T}
+    z_extents::Tuple{T,T}
+end

-  function Base.call(bc::BezierCurve, t::Real)
-      p = zero(P2)
-      n = length(bc.control_points)-1
-      for i in 0:n
-          p += bc.control_points[i+1] * binomial(n, i) * (1-t)^(n-i) * t^i
-      end
-      p
-  end
+default_extents(::Type{T}) where {T} = (zero(T), one(T))

-  Base.mean(x::Real, y::Real) = 0.5*(x+y)
-  Base.mean{N,T<:Real}(ps::FixedSizeArrays.Vec{N,T}...) = sum(ps) / length(ps)
+function Volume(v::Array{T,3},
+                x_extents = default_extents(T),
+                y_extents = default_extents(T),
+                z_extents = default_extents(T)) where T
+    Volume(v, x_extents, y_extents, z_extents)
+end

-  curve_points(curve::BezierCurve, n::Integer = 30; range = [0,1]) = map(curve, linspace(range..., n))
+Base.Array(vol::Volume) = vol.v
+for f in (:length, :size)
+  @eval Base.$f(vol::Volume, args...) = $f(vol.v, args...)
+end
+Base.copy(vol::Volume{T}) where {T} = Volume{T}(copy(vol.v), vol.x_extents, vol.y_extents, vol.z_extents)
+Base.eltype(vol::Volume{T}) where {T} = T

-  # build a BezierCurve which leaves point p vertically upwards and arrives point q vertically upwards.
-  # may create a loop if necessary.  Assumes the view is [0,1]
-  function directed_curve(p::P2, q::P2; xview = 0:1, yview = 0:1)
-    mn = mean(p, q)
-    diff = q - p
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------

-    minx, maxx = minimum(xview), maximum(xview)
-    miny, maxy = minimum(yview), maximum(yview)
-    diffpct = P2(diff[1] / (maxx - minx),
-                 diff[2] / (maxy - miny))
-    
-    # these points give the initial/final "rise"
-    # vertical_offset = P2(0, (maxy - miny) * max(0.03, min(abs(0.5diffpct[2]), 1.0)))
-    vertical_offset = P2(0, max(0.15, 0.5norm(diff)))
-    upper_control = p + vertical_offset
-    lower_control = q - vertical_offset
+# style is :open or :closed (for now)
+struct Arrow
+    style::Symbol
+    side::Symbol  # :head (default), :tail, or :both
+    headlength::Float64
+    headwidth::Float64
+end

-    # try to figure out when to loop around vs just connecting straight
-    # TODO: choose loop direction based on sign of p[1]??
-    # x_close_together = abs(diffpct[1]) <= 0.05
-    p_is_higher = diff[2] <= 0
-    inside_control_points = if p_is_higher
-      # add curve points which will create a loop
-      sgn = mn[1] < 0.5 * (maxx + minx) ? -1 : 1
-      inside_offset = P2(0.3 * (maxx - minx), 0)
-      additional_offset = P2(sgn * diff[1], 0)  # make it even loopier
-      [upper_control + sgn * (inside_offset + max(0,  additional_offset)),
-       lower_control + sgn * (inside_offset + max(0, -additional_offset))]
-    else
-      []
+"""
+    arrow(args...)
+
+Define arrowheads to apply to lines - args are `style` (`:open` or `:closed`),
+`side` (`:head`, `:tail` or `:both`), `headlength` and `headwidth`
+"""
+function arrow(args...)
+    style = :simple
+    side = :head
+    headlength = 0.3
+    headwidth = 0.3
+    setlength = false
+    for arg in args
+        T = typeof(arg)
+        if T == Symbol
+            if arg in (:head, :tail, :both)
+                side = arg
+            else
+                style = arg
+            end
+        elseif T <: Number
+            # first we apply to both, but if there's more, then only change width after the first number
+            headwidth = Float64(arg)
+            if !setlength
+                headlength = headwidth
+            end
+            setlength = true
+        elseif T <: Tuple && length(arg) == 2
+            headlength, headwidth = Float64(arg[1]), Float64(arg[2])
+        else
+            warn("Skipped arrow arg $arg")
+        end
    end
-        
-    BezierCurve([p, upper_control, inside_control_points..., lower_control, q])
-  end
+    Arrow(style, side, headlength, headwidth)
+end

-# end
+
+# allow for do-block notation which gets called on every valid start/end pair which
+# we need to draw an arrow
+function add_arrows(func::Function, x::AVec, y::AVec)
+    for i=2:length(x)
+        xyprev = (x[i-1], y[i-1])
+        xy = (x[i], y[i])
+        if ok(xyprev) && ok(xy)
+            if i==length(x) || !ok(x[i+1], y[i+1])
+                # add the arrow from xyprev to xy
+                func(xyprev, xy)
+            end
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"Represents data values with formatting that should apply to the tick labels."
+struct Formatted{T}
+    data::T
+    formatter::Function
+end
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+"create a BezierCurve for plotting"
+mutable struct BezierCurve{T <: FixedSizeArrays.Vec}
+    control_points::Vector{T}
+end
+
+function (bc::BezierCurve)(t::Real)
+    p = zero(P2)
+    n = length(bc.control_points)-1
+    for i in 0:n
+        p += bc.control_points[i+1] * binomial(n, i) * (1-t)^(n-i) * t^i
+    end
+    p
+end
+
+# mean(x::Real, y::Real) = 0.5*(x+y) #commented out as I cannot see this used anywhere and it overwrites a Base method with different functionality
+# mean{N,T<:Real}(ps::FixedSizeArrays.Vec{N,T}...) = sum(ps) / length(ps) # I also could not see this used anywhere, and it's type piracy - implementing a NaNMath version for this would just involve converting to a standard array
+
+@deprecate curve_points coords
+
+coords(curve::BezierCurve, n::Integer = 30; range = [0,1]) = map(curve, linspace(range..., n))
+
+# build a BezierCurve which leaves point p vertically upwards and arrives point q vertically upwards.
+# may create a loop if necessary.  Assumes the view is [0,1]
+function directed_curve(args...; kw...)
+    error("directed_curve has been moved to PlotRecipes")
+end
+
+function extrema_plus_buffer(v, buffmult = 0.2)
+    vmin,vmax = ignorenan_extrema(v)
+    vdiff = vmax-vmin
+    buffer = vdiff * buffmult
+    vmin - buffer, vmax + buffer
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+
+# https://github.com/bokeh/Bokeh.jl
+
+
+supported_attrs(::BokehBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
+    # :annotations,
+    # :axis,
+    # :background_color,
+    :linecolor,
+    # :color_palette,
+    # :fillrange,
+    # :fillcolor,
+    # :fillalpha,
+    # :foreground_color,
+    :group,
+    # :label,
+    # :layout,
+    # :legend,
+    :seriescolor, :seriesalpha,
+    :linestyle,
+    :seriestype,
+    :linewidth,
+    # :linealpha,
+    :markershape,
+    :markercolor,
+    :markersize,
+    # :markeralpha,
+    # :markerstrokewidth,
+    # :markerstrokecolor,
+    # :markerstrokestyle,
+    # :n,
+    # :bins,
+    # :nc,
+    # :nr,
+    # :pos,
+    # :smooth,
+    # :show,
+    :size,
+    :title,
+    # :window_title,
+    :x,
+    # :xguide,
+    # :xlims,
+    # :xticks,
+    :y,
+    # :yguide,
+    # :ylims,
+    # :yrightlabel,
+    # :yticks,
+    # :xscale,
+    # :yscale,
+    # :xflip,
+    # :yflip,
+    # :z,
+    # :tickfont,
+    # :guidefont,
+    # :legendfont,
+    # :grid,
+    # :surface,
+    # :levels,
+  ])
+supported_types(::BokehBackend) = [:path, :scatter]
+supported_styles(::BokehBackend) = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
+supported_markers(::BokehBackend) = [:none, :auto, :circle, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5]
+supported_scales(::BokehBackend) = [:identity, :ln]
+is_subplot_supported(::BokehBackend) = false
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+function _initialize_backend(::BokehBackend; kw...)
+  @eval begin
+    warn("Bokeh is no longer supported... many features will likely be broken.")
+    import Bokeh
+    export Bokeh
+  end
+end
+
+
+const _glyphtypes = KW(
+    :circle    => :Circle,
+    :rect       => :Square,
+    :diamond    => :Diamond,
+    :utriangle  => :Triangle,
+    :dtriangle  => :InvertedTriangle,
+    # :pentagon   =>
+    # :hexagon    =>
+    # :heptagon   =>
+    # :octagon    =>
+    :cross      => :Cross,
+    :xcross     => :X,
+    :star5      => :Asterisk,
+  )
+
+
+function bokeh_glyph_type(d::KW)
+  st = d[:seriestype]
+  mt = d[:markershape]
+  if st == :scatter && mt == :none
+    mt = :circle
+  end
+
+  # if we have a marker, use that
+  if st == :scatter || mt != :none
+    return _glyphtypes[mt]
+  end
+
+  # otherwise return a line
+  return :Line
+end
+
+function get_stroke_vector(linestyle::Symbol)
+  dash = 12
+  dot = 3
+  gap = 2
+  linestyle == :solid && return Int[]
+  linestyle == :dash && return Int[dash, gap]
+  linestyle == :dot && return Int[dot, gap]
+  linestyle == :dashdot && return Int[dash, gap, dot, gap]
+  linestyle == :dashdotdot && return Int[dash, gap, dot, gap, dot, gap]
+  error("unsupported linestyle: ", linestyle)
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# function _create_plot(pkg::BokehBackend, d::KW)
+function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{BokehBackend})
+  # TODO: create the window/canvas/context that is the plot within the backend (call it `o`)
+  # TODO: initialize the plot... title, xlabel, bgcolor, etc
+
+  datacolumns = Bokeh.BokehDataSet[]
+  tools = Bokeh.tools()
+  filename = tempname() * ".html"
+  title = plt.attr[:title]
+  w, h = plt.attr[:size]
+  xaxis_type = plt.attr[:xscale] == :log10 ? :log : :auto
+  yaxis_type = plt.attr[:yscale] == :log10 ? :log : :auto
+  # legend = plt.attr[:legend] ? xxxx : nothing
+  legend = nothing
+  extra_args = KW()  # TODO: we'll put extra settings (xlim, etc) here
+  Bokeh.Plot(datacolumns, tools, filename, title, w, h, xaxis_type, yaxis_type, legend) #, extra_args)
+
+  # Plot(bplt, pkg, 0, d, KW[])
+end
+
+
+# function _series_added(::BokehBackend, plt::Plot, d::KW)
+function _series_added(plt::Plot{BokehBackend}, series::Series)
+  bdata = Dict{Symbol, Vector}(:x => collect(series.d[:x]), :y => collect(series.d[:y]))
+
+  glyph = Bokeh.Bokehjs.Glyph(
+      glyphtype = bokeh_glyph_type(d),
+      linecolor = webcolor(d[:linecolor]),  # shape's stroke or line color
+      linewidth = d[:linewidth],          # shape's stroke width or line width
+      fillcolor = webcolor(d[:markercolor]),
+      size      = ceil(Int, d[:markersize] * 2.5),  # magic number 2.5 to keep in same scale as other backends
+      dash      = get_stroke_vector(d[:linestyle])
+    )
+
+  legend = nothing  # TODO
+  push!(plt.o.datacolumns, Bokeh.BokehDataSet(bdata, glyph, legend))
+
+  # push!(plt.seriesargs, d)
+  # plt
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# TODO: override this to update plot items (title, xlabel, etc) after creation
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{BokehBackend}, d::KW)
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# accessors for x/y data
+
+# function getxy(plt::Plot{BokehBackend}, i::Int)
+#   series = plt.o.datacolumns[i].data
+#   series[:x], series[:y]
+# end
+#
+# function setxy!(plt::Plot{BokehBackend}, xy::Tuple{X,Y}, i::Integer)
+#   series = plt.o.datacolumns[i].data
+#   series[:x], series[:y] = xy
+#   plt
+# end
+
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::AbstractPlot{BokehBackend})
+  # TODO: write a png to io
+  warn("mime png not implemented")
+end
+
+function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{BokehBackend})
+  Bokeh.showplot(plt.o)
+end
+
+# function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Subplot{BokehBackend})
+#   # TODO: display/show the subplot
+# end
@@ -0,0 +1,744 @@
+
+# https://github.com/dcjones/Gadfly.jl
+
+
+supported_attrs(::GadflyBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
+    :annotations,
+    :background_color, :foreground_color, :color_palette,
+    :group, :label, :seriestype,
+    :seriescolor, :seriesalpha,
+    :linecolor, :linestyle, :linewidth, :linealpha,
+    :markershape, :markercolor, :markersize, :markeralpha,
+    :markerstrokewidth, :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha,
+    :fillrange, :fillcolor, :fillalpha,
+    :bins, :n, :nc, :nr, :layout, :smooth,
+    :title, :window_title, :show, :size,
+    :x, :xguide, :xlims, :xticks, :xscale, :xflip,
+    :y, :yguide, :ylims, :yticks, :yscale, :yflip,
+    :z,
+    :tickfont, :guidefont, :legendfont,
+    :grid, :legend, :colorbar,
+    :marker_z, :levels,
+    :xerror, :yerror,
+    :ribbon, :quiver,
+    :orientation,
+  ])
+supported_types(::GadflyBackend) = [
+        :path,
+        :scatter, :hexbin,
+        :bar,
+        :contour, :shape
+    ]
+supported_styles(::GadflyBackend) = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
+supported_markers(::GadflyBackend) = vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
+supported_scales(::GadflyBackend) = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10, :asinh, :sqrt]
+is_subplot_supported(::GadflyBackend) = true
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _initialize_backend(::GadflyBackend; kw...)
+    @eval begin
+        import Gadfly, Compose
+        export Gadfly, Compose
+        include(joinpath(dirname(@__FILE__), "gadfly_shapes.jl"))
+    end
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# immutable MissingVec <: AbstractVector{Float64} end
+# Base.size(v::MissingVec) = (1,)
+# Base.getindex(v::MissingVec, i::Integer) = 0.0
+
+function createGadflyPlotObject(d::KW)
+    gplt = Gadfly.Plot()
+    gplt.mapping = Dict()
+    gplt.data_source = Gadfly.DataFrames.DataFrame()
+    # gplt.layers = gplt.layers[1:0]
+    gplt.layers = [Gadfly.layer(Gadfly.Geom.point(tag=:remove), x=zeros(1), y=zeros(1));] # x=MissingVec(), y=MissingVec());]
+    gplt.guides = Gadfly.GuideElement[Gadfly.Guide.xlabel(d[:xguide]),
+                                   Gadfly.Guide.ylabel(d[:yguide]),
+                                   Gadfly.Guide.title(d[:title])]
+    gplt
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+function getLineGeom(d::KW)
+    st = d[:seriestype]
+    xbins, ybins = maketuple(d[:bins])
+    if st == :hexb
+        Gadfly.Geom.hexbin(xbincount = xbins, ybincount = ybins)
+    elseif st == :histogram2d
+        Gadfly.Geom.histogram2d(xbincount = xbins, ybincount = ybins)
+    elseif st == :histogram
+        Gadfly.Geom.histogram(bincount = xbins,
+                              orientation = isvertical(d) ? :vertical : :horizontal,
+                              position = d[:bar_position] == :stack ? :stack : :dodge)
+    elseif st == :path
+        Gadfly.Geom.path
+    elseif st in (:bar, :sticks)
+        Gadfly.Geom.bar
+    elseif st == :steppost
+        Gadfly.Geom.step
+    elseif st == :steppre
+        Gadfly.Geom.step(direction = :vh)
+    elseif st == :hline
+        Gadfly.Geom.hline
+    elseif st == :vline
+        Gadfly.Geom.vline
+    elseif st == :contour
+        Gadfly.Geom.contour(levels = d[:levels])
+    # elseif st == :shape
+    #     Gadfly.Geom.polygon(fill = true, preserve_order = true)
+    else
+        nothing
+    end
+end
+
+function get_extra_theme_args(d::KW, k::Symbol)
+    # gracefully handles old Gadfly versions
+    extra_theme_args = KW()
+    try
+        extra_theme_args[:line_style] = Gadfly.get_stroke_vector(d[k])
+    catch err
+        if string(err) == "UndefVarError(:get_stroke_vector)"
+            Base.warn_once("Gadfly.get_stroke_vector failed... do you have an old version of Gadfly?")
+        else
+            rethrow()
+        end
+    end
+    extra_theme_args
+end
+
+function getGadflyLineTheme(d::KW)
+    st = d[:seriestype]
+    lc = convertColor(getColor(d[:linecolor]), d[:linealpha])
+    fc = convertColor(getColor(d[:fillcolor]), d[:fillalpha])
+
+    Gadfly.Theme(;
+        default_color = (st in (:histogram,:histogram2d,:hexbin,:bar,:sticks) ? fc : lc),
+        line_width = (st == :sticks ? 1 : d[:linewidth]) * Gadfly.px,
+        # line_style = Gadfly.get_stroke_vector(d[:linestyle]),
+        lowlight_color = x->RGB(fc),  # fill/ribbon
+        lowlight_opacity = alpha(fc), # fill/ribbon
+        bar_highlight = RGB(lc),      # bars
+        get_extra_theme_args(d, :linestyle)...
+    )
+end
+
+# add a line as a new layer
+function addGadflyLine!(plt::Plot, numlayers::Int, d::KW, geoms...)
+    gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
+    gfargs = vcat(geoms..., getGadflyLineTheme(d))
+    kwargs = KW()
+    st = d[:seriestype]
+
+    # add a fill?
+    if d[:fillrange] != nothing && st != :contour
+        fillmin, fillmax = map(makevec, maketuple(d[:fillrange]))
+        nmin, nmax = length(fillmin), length(fillmax)
+        kwargs[:ymin] = Float64[min(y, fillmin[mod1(i, nmin)], fillmax[mod1(i, nmax)]) for (i,y) in enumerate(d[:y])]
+        kwargs[:ymax] = Float64[max(y, fillmin[mod1(i, nmin)], fillmax[mod1(i, nmax)]) for (i,y) in enumerate(d[:y])]
+        push!(gfargs, Gadfly.Geom.ribbon)
+    end
+
+    if st in (:hline, :vline)
+        kwargs[st == :hline ? :yintercept : :xintercept] = d[:y]
+
+    else
+        if st == :sticks
+            w = 0.01 * mean(diff(d[:x]))
+            kwargs[:xmin] = d[:x] - w
+            kwargs[:xmax] = d[:x] + w
+        elseif st == :contour
+            kwargs[:z] = d[:z].surf
+            addGadflyContColorScale(plt, d[:linecolor])
+        end
+
+        kwargs[:x] = d[st == :histogram ? :y : :x]
+        kwargs[:y] = d[:y]
+
+    end
+
+    # # add the layer
+    Gadfly.layer(gfargs...; order=numlayers, kwargs...)
+end
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+get_shape(sym::Symbol) = _shapes[sym]
+get_shape(shape::Shape) = shape
+
+# extract the underlying ShapeGeometry object(s)
+getMarkerGeom(shapes::AVec) = gadflyshape(map(get_shape, shapes))
+getMarkerGeom(other) = gadflyshape(get_shape(other))
+
+# getMarkerGeom(shape::Shape) = gadflyshape(shape)
+# getMarkerGeom(shape::Symbol) = gadflyshape(_shapes[shape])
+# getMarkerGeom(shapes::AVec) = gadflyshape(map(gadflyshape, shapes)) # map(getMarkerGeom, shapes)
+function getMarkerGeom(d::KW)
+    if d[:seriestype] == :shape
+        Gadfly.Geom.polygon(fill = true, preserve_order = true)
+    else
+        getMarkerGeom(d[:markershape])
+    end
+end
+
+function getGadflyMarkerTheme(d::KW, attr::KW)
+    c = getColor(d[:markercolor])
+    α = d[:markeralpha]
+    if α != nothing
+        c = RGBA(RGB(c), α)
+    end
+
+    ms = d[:markersize]
+    ms = if typeof(ms) <: AVec
+        warn("Gadfly doesn't support variable marker sizes... using the average: $(mean(ms))")
+        mean(ms) * Gadfly.px
+    else
+        ms * Gadfly.px
+    end
+
+    Gadfly.Theme(;
+        default_color = c,
+        default_point_size = ms,
+        discrete_highlight_color = c -> RGB(getColor(d[:markerstrokecolor])),
+        highlight_width = d[:markerstrokewidth] * Gadfly.px,
+        line_width = d[:markerstrokewidth] * Gadfly.px,
+        # get_extra_theme_args(d, :markerstrokestyle)...
+    )
+end
+
+function addGadflyContColorScale(plt::Plot{GadflyBackend}, c)
+    plt.attr[:colorbar] == :none && return
+    if !isa(c, ColorGradient)
+        c = default_gradient()
+    end
+    push!(getGadflyContext(plt).scales, Gadfly.Scale.ContinuousColorScale(p -> RGB(getColorZ(c, p))))
+end
+
+function addGadflyMarker!(plt::Plot, numlayers::Int, d::KW, attr::KW, geoms...)
+    gfargs = vcat(geoms..., getGadflyMarkerTheme(d, attr), getMarkerGeom(d))
+    kwargs = KW()
+
+    # handle continuous color scales for the markers
+    zcolor = d[:marker_z]
+    if zcolor != nothing && typeof(zcolor) <: AVec
+        kwargs[:color] = zcolor
+        addGadflyContColorScale(plt, d[:markercolor])
+    end
+
+    Gadfly.layer(gfargs...; x = d[:x], y = d[:y], order=numlayers, kwargs...)
+end
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function addToGadflyLegend(plt::Plot, d::KW)
+    if plt.attr[:legend] != :none && d[:label] != ""
+        gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
+
+        # add the legend if needed
+        if all(g -> !isa(g, Gadfly.Guide.ManualColorKey), gplt.guides)
+            unshift!(gplt.guides, Gadfly.Guide.manual_color_key("", AbstractString[], Color[]))
+        end
+
+        # now add the series to the legend
+        for guide in gplt.guides
+            if isa(guide, Gadfly.Guide.ManualColorKey)
+                # TODO: there's a BUG in gadfly if you pass in the same color more than once,
+                # since gadfly will call unique(colors), but doesn't also merge the rows that match
+                # Should ensure from this side that colors which are the same are merged together
+
+                c = getColor(d[d[:markershape] == :none ? :linecolor : :markercolor])
+                foundit = false
+
+                # extend the label if we found this color
+                for i in 1:length(guide.colors)
+                    if RGB(c) == guide.colors[i]
+                        guide.labels[i] *= ", " * d[:label]
+                        foundit = true
+                    end
+                end
+
+                # didn't find the color, so add a new entry into the legend
+                if !foundit
+                    push!(guide.labels, d[:label])
+                    push!(guide.colors, c)
+                end
+            end
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+getGadflySmoothing(smooth::Bool) = smooth ? [Gadfly.Geom.smooth(method=:lm)] : Any[]
+getGadflySmoothing(smooth::Real) = [Gadfly.Geom.smooth(method=:loess, smoothing=float(smooth))]
+
+
+function addGadflySeries!(plt::Plot, d::KW)
+    layers = Gadfly.Layer[]
+    gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
+
+    # add a regression line?
+    # TODO: make more flexible
+    smooth = getGadflySmoothing(d[:smooth])
+
+    # lines
+    geom = getLineGeom(d)
+    if geom != nothing
+        prepend!(layers, addGadflyLine!(plt, length(gplt.layers), d, geom, smooth...))
+        smooth = Any[] # don't add a regression for markers too
+    end
+
+    # special handling for ohlc and scatter
+    st = d[:seriestype]
+    # if st == :ohlc
+    #     error("Haven't re-implemented after refactoring")
+    if st in (:histogram2d, :hexbin) && (isa(d[:fillcolor], ColorGradient) || isa(d[:fillcolor], ColorFunction))
+        push!(gplt.scales, Gadfly.Scale.ContinuousColorScale(p -> RGB(getColorZ(d[:fillcolor], p))))
+    elseif st == :scatter && d[:markershape] == :none
+        d[:markershape] = :circle
+    end
+
+    # markers
+    if d[:markershape] != :none || st == :shape
+        prepend!(layers, addGadflyMarker!(plt, length(gplt.layers), d, plt.attr, smooth...))
+    end
+
+    st in (:histogram2d, :hexbin, :contour) || addToGadflyLegend(plt, d)
+
+    # now save the layers that apply to this series
+    d[:gadflylayers] = layers
+    prepend!(gplt.layers, layers)
+end
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# NOTE: I'm leaving this here and commented out just in case I want to implement again... it was hacky code to create multi-colored line segments
+
+#   # colorgroup
+#   z = d[:z]
+
+#   # handle line segments of different colors
+#   cscheme = d[:linecolor]
+#   if isa(cscheme, ColorVector)
+#     # create a color scale, and set the color group to the index of the color
+#     push!(gplt.scales, Gadfly.Scale.color_discrete_manual(cscheme.v...))
+
+#     # this is super weird, but... oh well... for some reason this creates n separate line segments...
+#     # create a list of vertices that go: [x1,x2,x2,x3,x3, ... ,xi,xi, ... xn,xn] (same for y)
+#     # then the vector passed to the "color" keyword should be a vector: [1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4, ..., i,i, ... , n,n]
+#     csindices = Int[mod1(i,length(cscheme.v)) for i in 1:length(d[:y])]
+#     cs = collect(repmat(csindices', 2, 1))[1:end-1]
+#     grp = collect(repmat((1:length(d[:y]))', 2, 1))[1:end-1]
+#     d[:x], d[:y] = map(createSegments, (d[:x], d[:y]))
+#     colorgroup = [(:linecolor, cs), (:group, grp)]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+function addGadflyTicksGuide(gplt, ticks, isx::Bool)
+    ticks == :auto && return
+
+    # remove the ticks?
+    if ticks in (:none, false, nothing)
+        return addOrReplace(gplt.guides, isx ? Gadfly.Guide.xticks : Gadfly.Guide.yticks; label=false)
+    end
+
+    ttype = ticksType(ticks)
+
+    # just the values... put ticks here, but use standard labels
+    if ttype == :ticks
+        gtype = isx ? Gadfly.Guide.xticks : Gadfly.Guide.yticks
+        replaceType(gplt.guides, gtype(ticks = collect(ticks)))
+
+    # set the ticks and the labels
+    # Note: this is pretty convoluted, but I think it works.  We set the ticks using Gadfly.Guide,
+    #   and then set the label function (wraps a dict lookup) through a continuous Gadfly.Scale.
+    elseif ttype == :ticks_and_labels
+        gtype = isx ? Gadfly.Guide.xticks : Gadfly.Guide.yticks
+        replaceType(gplt.guides, gtype(ticks = collect(ticks[1])))
+
+        # # TODO add xtick_label function (given tick, return label??)
+        # # Scale.x_discrete(; labels=nothing, levels=nothing, order=nothing)
+        # filterGadflyScale(gplt, isx)
+        # gfunc = isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_discrete : Gadfly.Scale.y_discrete
+        # labelmap = Dict(zip(ticks...))
+        # labelfunc = val -> labelmap[val]
+        # push!(gplt.scales, gfunc(levels = collect(ticks[1]), labels = labelfunc))
+
+        filterGadflyScale(gplt, isx)
+        gfunc = isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_continuous : Gadfly.Scale.y_continuous
+        labelmap = Dict(zip(ticks...))
+        labelfunc = val -> labelmap[val]
+        push!(gplt.scales, gfunc(labels = labelfunc))
+
+    else
+        error("Invalid input for $(isx ? "xticks" : "yticks"): ", ticks)
+    end
+end
+
+continuousAndSameAxis(scale, isx::Bool) = isa(scale, Gadfly.Scale.ContinuousScale) && scale.vars[1] == (isx ? :x : :y)
+filterGadflyScale(gplt, isx::Bool) = filter!(scale -> !continuousAndSameAxis(scale, isx), gplt.scales)
+
+
+function getGadflyScaleFunction(d::KW, isx::Bool)
+    scalekey = isx ? :xscale : :yscale
+    hasScaleKey = haskey(d, scalekey)
+    if hasScaleKey
+        scale = d[scalekey]
+        scale == :ln && return isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_log : Gadfly.Scale.y_log, hasScaleKey, log
+        scale == :log2 && return isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_log2 : Gadfly.Scale.y_log2, hasScaleKey, log2
+        scale == :log10 && return isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_log10 : Gadfly.Scale.y_log10, hasScaleKey, log10
+        scale == :asinh && return isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_asinh : Gadfly.Scale.y_asinh, hasScaleKey, asinh
+        scale == :sqrt && return isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_sqrt : Gadfly.Scale.y_sqrt, hasScaleKey, sqrt
+    end
+    isx ? Gadfly.Scale.x_continuous : Gadfly.Scale.y_continuous, hasScaleKey, identity
+end
+
+
+function addGadflyLimitsScale(gplt, d::KW, isx::Bool)
+    gfunc, hasScaleKey, func = getGadflyScaleFunction(d, isx)
+
+    # do we want to add min/max limits for the axis?
+    limsym = isx ? :xlims : :ylims
+    limargs = Any[]
+
+    # map :auto to nothing, otherwise add to limargs
+    lims = get(d, limsym, :auto)
+    if lims == :auto
+        lims = nothing
+    else
+        if limsType(lims) == :limits
+            push!(limargs, (:minvalue, min(lims...)))
+            push!(limargs, (:maxvalue, max(lims...)))
+        else
+            error("Invalid input for $(isx ? "xlims" : "ylims"): ", lims)
+        end
+    end
+
+    # replace any current scales with this one
+    if hasScaleKey || !isempty(limargs)
+        filterGadflyScale(gplt, isx)
+        push!(gplt.scales, gfunc(; limargs...))
+    end
+
+    lims, func
+end
+
+function updateGadflyAxisFlips(gplt, d::KW, xlims, ylims, xfunc, yfunc)
+    if isa(gplt.coord, Gadfly.Coord.Cartesian)
+        gplt.coord = Gadfly.Coord.cartesian(
+            gplt.coord.xvars,
+            gplt.coord.yvars;
+            xmin = xlims == nothing ? gplt.coord.xmin : xfunc(minimum(xlims)),
+            xmax = xlims == nothing ? gplt.coord.xmax : xfunc(maximum(xlims)),
+            ymin = ylims == nothing ? gplt.coord.ymin : yfunc(minimum(ylims)),
+            ymax = ylims == nothing ? gplt.coord.ymax : yfunc(maximum(ylims)),
+            xflip = get(d, :xflip, gplt.coord.xflip),
+            yflip = get(d, :yflip, gplt.coord.yflip),
+            fixed = gplt.coord.fixed,
+            aspect_ratio = gplt.coord.aspect_ratio,
+            raster = gplt.coord.raster
+        )
+    else
+        gplt.coord = Gadfly.Coord.Cartesian(
+            xflip = get(d, :xflip, false),
+            yflip = get(d, :yflip, false)
+        )
+    end
+end
+
+
+function findGuideAndSet(gplt, t::DataType, args...; kw...)
+    for (i,guide) in enumerate(gplt.guides)
+        if isa(guide, t)
+            gplt.guides[i] = t(args...; kw...)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+function updateGadflyGuides(plt::Plot, d::KW)
+    gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
+    haskey(d, :title) && findGuideAndSet(gplt, Gadfly.Guide.title, string(d[:title]))
+    haskey(d, :xguide) && findGuideAndSet(gplt, Gadfly.Guide.xlabel, string(d[:xguide]))
+    haskey(d, :yguide) && findGuideAndSet(gplt, Gadfly.Guide.ylabel, string(d[:yguide]))
+
+    xlims, xfunc = addGadflyLimitsScale(gplt, d, true)
+    ylims, yfunc = addGadflyLimitsScale(gplt, d, false)
+
+    ticks = get(d, :xticks, :auto)
+    if ticks == :none
+        _remove_axis(plt, true)
+    else
+        addGadflyTicksGuide(gplt, ticks, true)
+    end
+    ticks = get(d, :yticks, :auto)
+    if ticks == :none
+        _remove_axis(plt, false)
+    else
+        addGadflyTicksGuide(gplt, ticks, false)
+    end
+
+    updateGadflyAxisFlips(gplt, d, xlims, ylims, xfunc, yfunc)
+end
+
+function updateGadflyPlotTheme(plt::Plot, d::KW)
+    kwargs = KW()
+
+    # colors
+    insidecolor, gridcolor, textcolor, guidecolor, legendcolor =
+        map(s -> getColor(d[s]), (
+            :background_color_inside,
+            :foreground_color_grid,
+            :foreground_color_text,
+            :foreground_color_guide,
+            :foreground_color_legend
+        ))
+
+    # # hide the legend?
+    leg = d[d[:legend] == :none ? :colorbar : :legend]
+    if leg != :best
+        kwargs[:key_position] = leg == :inside ? :right : leg
+    end
+
+    if !get(d, :grid, true)
+        kwargs[:grid_color] = gridcolor
+    end
+
+    # fonts
+    tfont, gfont, lfont = d[:tickfont], d[:guidefont], d[:legendfont]
+
+    getGadflyContext(plt).theme = Gadfly.Theme(;
+        background_color = insidecolor,
+        minor_label_color = textcolor,
+        minor_label_font = tfont.family,
+        minor_label_font_size = tfont.pointsize * Gadfly.pt,
+        major_label_color = guidecolor,
+        major_label_font = gfont.family,
+        major_label_font_size = gfont.pointsize * Gadfly.pt,
+        key_title_color = guidecolor,
+        key_title_font = gfont.family,
+        key_title_font_size = gfont.pointsize * Gadfly.pt,
+        key_label_color = legendcolor,
+        key_label_font = lfont.family,
+        key_label_font_size = lfont.pointsize * Gadfly.pt,
+        plot_padding = 1 * Gadfly.mm,
+        kwargs...
+    )
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+function createGadflyAnnotationObject(x, y, val::AbstractString)
+    Gadfly.Guide.annotation(Compose.compose(
+                              Compose.context(),
+                              Compose.text(x, y, val)
+                            ))
+end
+
+function createGadflyAnnotationObject(x, y, txt::PlotText)
+    halign = (txt.font.halign == :hcenter ? Compose.hcenter : (txt.font.halign == :left ? Compose.hleft : Compose.hright))
+    valign = (txt.font.valign == :vcenter ? Compose.vcenter : (txt.font.valign == :top ? Compose.vtop : Compose.vbottom))
+    rotations = (txt.font.rotation == 0.0 ? [] : [Compose.Rotation(txt.font.rotation, Compose.Point(Compose.x_measure(x), Compose.y_measure(y)))])
+    Gadfly.Guide.annotation(Compose.compose(
+                              Compose.context(),
+                              Compose.text(x, y, txt.str, halign, valign, rotations...),
+                              Compose.font(string(txt.font.family)),
+                              Compose.fontsize(txt.font.pointsize * Gadfly.pt),
+                              Compose.stroke(txt.font.color),
+                              Compose.fill(txt.font.color)
+                            ))
+end
+
+function _add_annotations(plt::Plot{GadflyBackend}, anns::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,V}}) where {X,Y,V}
+    for ann in anns
+        push!(plt.o.guides, createGadflyAnnotationObject(ann...))
+    end
+end
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# create a blank Gadfly.Plot object
+# function _create_plot(pkg::GadflyBackend, d::KW)
+#     gplt = createGadflyPlotObject(d)
+#     Plot(gplt, pkg, 0, d, KW[])
+# end
+function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{GadflyBackend})
+    createGadflyPlotObject(plt.attr)
+end
+
+
+# plot one data series
+# function _series_added(::GadflyBackend, plt::Plot, d::KW)
+function _series_added(plt::Plot{GadflyBackend}, series::Series)
+    # first clear out the temporary layer
+    gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
+    if gplt.layers[1].geom.tag == :remove
+        gplt.layers = gplt.layers[2:end]
+    end
+
+    addGadflySeries!(plt, series.d)
+    # push!(plt.seriesargs, d)
+    # plt
+end
+
+
+
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{GadflyBackend}, d::KW)
+    updateGadflyGuides(plt, d)
+    updateGadflyPlotTheme(plt, d)
+end
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# accessors for x/y data
+
+# TODO: need to save all the layer indices which apply to this series
+function getGadflyMappings(plt::Plot, i::Integer)
+    @assert i > 0 && i <= plt.n
+    mappings = [l.mapping for l in plt.seriesargs[i][:gadflylayers]]
+end
+
+function getxy(plt::Plot{GadflyBackend}, i::Integer)
+    mapping = getGadflyMappings(plt, i)[1]
+    mapping[:x], mapping[:y]
+end
+
+function setxy!(plt::Plot{GadflyBackend}, xy::Tuple{X,Y}, i::Integer) where {X,Y}
+    for mapping in getGadflyMappings(plt, i)
+        mapping[:x], mapping[:y] = xy
+    end
+    plt
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# # create the underlying object (each backend will do this differently)
+# function _create_subplot(subplt::Subplot{GadflyBackend}, isbefore::Bool)
+#     isbefore && return false # wait until after plotting to create the subplots
+#     subplt.o = nothing
+#     true
+# end
+
+
+function _remove_axis(plt::Plot{GadflyBackend}, isx::Bool)
+    gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
+    addOrReplace(gplt.guides, isx ? Gadfly.Guide.xticks : Gadfly.Guide.yticks; label=false)
+    addOrReplace(gplt.guides, isx ? Gadfly.Guide.xlabel : Gadfly.Guide.ylabel, "")
+end
+
+function _expand_limits(lims, plt::Plot{GadflyBackend}, isx::Bool)
+    for l in getGadflyContext(plt).layers
+        _expand_limits(lims, l.mapping[isx ? :x : :y])
+    end
+end
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+getGadflyContext(plt::Plot{GadflyBackend}) = plt.o
+# getGadflyContext(subplt::Subplot{GadflyBackend}) = buildGadflySubplotContext(subplt)
+
+# # create my Compose.Context grid by hstacking and vstacking the Gadfly.Plot objects
+# function buildGadflySubplotContext(subplt::Subplot)
+#     rows = Any[]
+#     row = Any[]
+#     for (i,(r,c)) in enumerate(subplt.layout)
+#
+#         # add the Plot object to the row
+#         push!(row, getGadflyContext(subplt.plts[i]))
+#
+#         # add the row
+#         if c == ncols(subplt.layout, r)
+#             push!(rows, Gadfly.hstack(row...))
+#             row = Any[]
+#         end
+#     end
+#
+#     # stack the rows
+#     Gadfly.vstack(rows...)
+# end
+
+setGadflyDisplaySize(w,h) = Compose.set_default_graphic_size(w * Compose.px, h * Compose.px)
+setGadflyDisplaySize(plt::Plot) = setGadflyDisplaySize(plt.attr[:size]...)
+# setGadflyDisplaySize(subplt::Subplot) = setGadflyDisplaySize(getattr(subplt, 1)[:size]...)
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+function doshow(io::IO, func, plt::AbstractPlot{P}) where P<:Union{GadflyBackend,ImmerseBackend}
+    gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
+    setGadflyDisplaySize(plt)
+    Gadfly.draw(func(io, Compose.default_graphic_width, Compose.default_graphic_height), gplt)
+end
+
+getGadflyWriteFunc(::MIME"image/png") = Gadfly.PNG
+getGadflyWriteFunc(::MIME"image/svg+xml") = Gadfly.SVG
+# getGadflyWriteFunc(::MIME"text/html") = Gadfly.SVGJS
+getGadflyWriteFunc(::MIME"application/pdf") = Gadfly.PDF
+getGadflyWriteFunc(::MIME"application/postscript") = Gadfly.PS
+getGadflyWriteFunc(::MIME"application/x-tex") = Gadfly.PGF
+getGadflyWriteFunc(m::MIME) = error("Unsupported in Gadfly/Immerse: ", m)
+
+for mime in (MIME"image/png", MIME"image/svg+xml", MIME"application/pdf", MIME"application/postscript", MIME"application/x-tex")
+    @eval function Base.show(io::IO, ::$mime, plt::AbstractPlot{P}) where P<:Union{GadflyBackend,ImmerseBackend}
+        func = getGadflyWriteFunc($mime())
+        doshow(io, func, plt)
+    end
+end
+
+
+
+function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{GadflyBackend})
+    setGadflyDisplaySize(plt.attr[:size]...)
+    display(plt.o)
+end
+
+
+# function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, subplt::Subplot{GadflyBackend})
+#     setGadflyDisplaySize(getattr(subplt,1)[:size]...)
+#     ctx = buildGadflySubplotContext(subplt)
+#
+#     # taken from Gadfly since I couldn't figure out how to do it directly
+#
+#     filename = string(Gadfly.tempname(), ".html")
+#     output = open(filename, "w")
+#
+#     plot_output = IOBuffer()
+#     Gadfly.draw(Gadfly.SVGJS(plot_output, Compose.default_graphic_width,
+#              Compose.default_graphic_height, false), ctx)
+#     plotsvg = takebuf_string(plot_output)
+#
+#     write(output,
+#       """
+#       <!DOCTYPE html>
+#       <html>
+#         <head>
+#           <title>Gadfly Plot</title>
+#           <meta charset="utf-8">
+#         </head>
+#           <body>
+#           <script charset="utf-8">
+#               $(readall(Compose.snapsvgjs))
+#           </script>
+#           <script charset="utf-8">
+#               $(readall(Gadfly.gadflyjs))
+#           </script>
+#           $(plotsvg)
+#         </body>
+#       </html>
+#       """)
+#     close(output)
+#     Gadfly.open_file(filename)
+# end
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@


 # Geometry which displays arbitrary shapes at given (x, y) positions.
-immutable ShapeGeometry <: Gadfly.GeometryElement
-    vertices::AbstractVector{@compat(Tuple{Float64,Float64})}
+# note: vertices is a list of shapes
+struct ShapeGeometry <: Gadfly.GeometryElement
+    vertices::AbstractVector #{Tuple{Float64,Float64}}
    tag::Symbol

    function ShapeGeometry(shape; tag::Symbol=Gadfly.Geom.empty_tag)
@@ -66,24 +67,27 @@ function Gadfly.render(geom::ShapeGeometry, theme::Gadfly.Theme, aes::Gadfly.Aes
 end

 function gadflyshape(sv::Shape)
-  ShapeGeometry(sv.vertices)
+  ShapeGeometry(Any[vertices(sv)])
+end
+
+function gadflyshape(sv::AVec{Shape})
+    ShapeGeometry(Any[vertices(s) for s in sv])
 end


 # create a Compose context given a ShapeGeometry and the xs/ys/sizes
 function make_polygon(geom::ShapeGeometry, xs::AbstractArray, ys::AbstractArray, rs::AbstractArray)
  n = max(length(xs), length(ys), length(rs))
-  T = @compat(Tuple{Compose.Measure, Compose.Measure})
+  T = Tuple{Compose.Measure, Compose.Measure}
  polys = Array(Vector{T}, n)
  for i in 1:n
    x = Compose.x_measure(xs[mod1(i, length(xs))])
    y = Compose.y_measure(ys[mod1(i, length(ys))])
    r = rs[mod1(i, length(rs))]
-    polys[i] = T[(x + r * sx, y + r * sy) for (sx,sy) in geom.vertices]
+    polys[i] = T[(x + r * sx, y + r * sy) for (sx,sy) in _cycle(geom.vertices, i)]
  end
  Gadfly.polygon(polys, geom.tag)
 end


 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+
+# https://github.com/JuliaGraphics/Immerse.jl
+
+supported_attrs(::ImmerseBackend) = supported_attrs(GadflyBackend())
+supported_types(::ImmerseBackend) = supported_types(GadflyBackend())
+supported_styles(::ImmerseBackend) = supported_styles(GadflyBackend())
+supported_markers(::ImmerseBackend) = supported_markers(GadflyBackend())
+supported_scales(::ImmerseBackend) = supported_scales(GadflyBackend())
+is_subplot_supported(::ImmerseBackend) = true
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _initialize_backend(::ImmerseBackend; kw...)
+  @eval begin
+    import Immerse, Gadfly, Compose, Gtk
+    export Immerse, Gadfly, Compose, Gtk
+    include(joinpath(dirname(@__FILE__), "gadfly_shapes.jl"))
+  end
+end
+
+function createImmerseFigure(d::KW)
+  w,h = d[:size]
+  figidx = Immerse.figure(; name = d[:window_title], width = w, height = h)
+  Immerse.Figure(figidx)
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# create a blank Gadfly.Plot object
+# function _create_plot(pkg::ImmerseBackend, d::KW)
+#   # create the underlying Gadfly.Plot object
+#   gplt = createGadflyPlotObject(d)
+#
+#   # save both the Immerse.Figure and the Gadfly.Plot
+#   Plot((nothing,gplt), pkg, 0, d, KW[])
+# end
+function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{ImmerseBackend})
+    (nothing, createGadflyPlotObject(plt.attr))
+end
+
+
+# # plot one data series
+# function _series_added(::ImmerseBackend, plt::Plot, d::KW)
+#   addGadflySeries!(plt, d)
+#   push!(plt.seriesargs, d)
+#   plt
+# end
+
+function _series_added(plt::Plot{ImmerseBackend}, series::Series)
+    addGadflySeries!(plt, series.d)
+end
+
+
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{ImmerseBackend}, d::KW)
+  updateGadflyGuides(plt, d)
+  updateGadflyPlotTheme(plt, d)
+end
+
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _add_annotations(plt::Plot{ImmerseBackend}, anns::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,V}}) where {X,Y,V}
+  for ann in anns
+    push!(getGadflyContext(plt).guides, createGadflyAnnotationObject(ann...))
+  end
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# accessors for x/y data
+
+function getxy(plt::Plot{ImmerseBackend}, i::Integer)
+  mapping = getGadflyMappings(plt, i)[1]
+  mapping[:x], mapping[:y]
+end
+
+function setxy!(plt::Plot{ImmerseBackend}, xy::Tuple{X,Y}, i::Integer) where {X,Y}
+  for mapping in getGadflyMappings(plt, i)
+    mapping[:x], mapping[:y] = xy
+  end
+  plt
+end
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+# function _create_subplot(subplt::Subplot{ImmerseBackend}, isbefore::Bool)
+#   return false
+#   # isbefore && return false
+# end
+#
+# function showSubplotObject(subplt::Subplot{ImmerseBackend})
+#   # create the Gtk window with vertical box vsep
+#   d = getattr(subplt,1)
+#   w,h = d[:size]
+#   vsep = Gtk.GtkBoxLeaf(:v)
+#   win = Gtk.GtkWindowLeaf(vsep, d[:window_title], w, h)
+#
+#   figindices = []
+#   row = Gtk.GtkBoxLeaf(:h)
+#   push!(vsep, row)
+#   for (i,(r,c)) in enumerate(subplt.layout)
+#     plt = subplt.plts[i]
+#
+#     # get the components... box is the main plot GtkBox, and canvas is the GtkCanvas where it's plotted
+#     box, toolbar, canvas = Immerse.createPlotGuiComponents()
+#
+#     # add the plot's box to the row
+#     push!(row, box)
+#
+#     # create the figure and store the index returned for destruction later
+#     figidx = Immerse.figure(canvas)
+#     push!(figindices, figidx)
+#
+#     fig = Immerse.figure(figidx)
+#     plt.o = (fig, plt.o[2])
+#
+#     # add the row
+#     if c == ncols(subplt.layout, r)
+#       row = Gtk.GtkBoxLeaf(:h)
+#       push!(vsep, row)
+#     end
+#
+#   end
+#
+#   # destructor... clean up plots
+#   Gtk.on_signal_destroy((x...) -> ([Immerse.dropfig(Immerse._display,i) for i in figindices]; subplt.o = nothing), win)
+#
+#   subplt.o = win
+#   true
+# end
+
+
+function _remove_axis(plt::Plot{ImmerseBackend}, isx::Bool)
+  gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
+  addOrReplace(gplt.guides, isx ? Gadfly.Guide.xticks : Gadfly.Guide.yticks; label=false)
+  addOrReplace(gplt.guides, isx ? Gadfly.Guide.xlabel : Gadfly.Guide.ylabel, "")
+end
+
+function _expand_limits(lims, plt::Plot{ImmerseBackend}, isx::Bool)
+  for l in getGadflyContext(plt).layers
+    _expand_limits(lims, l.mapping[isx ? :x : :y])
+  end
+end
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+getGadflyContext(plt::Plot{ImmerseBackend}) = plt.o[2]
+# getGadflyContext(subplt::Subplot{ImmerseBackend}) = buildGadflySubplotContext(subplt)
+
+
+function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{ImmerseBackend})
+
+  fig, gplt = plt.o
+  if fig == nothing
+    fig = createImmerseFigure(plt.attr)
+    Gtk.on_signal_destroy((x...) -> (Immerse.dropfig(Immerse._display, fig.figno); plt.o = (nothing,gplt)), fig.canvas)
+    plt.o = (fig, gplt)
+  end
+
+  Immerse.figure(fig.figno; displayfig = false)
+  display(gplt)
+end
+
+
+# function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, subplt::Subplot{ImmerseBackend})
+#
+#   # if we haven't created the window yet, do it
+#   if subplt.o == nothing
+#     showSubplotObject(subplt)
+#   end
+#
+#   # display the plots by creating a fresh Immerse.Figure object from the GtkCanvas and Gadfly.Plot
+#   for plt in subplt.plts
+#     fig, gplt = plt.o
+#     Immerse.figure(fig.figno; displayfig = false)
+#     display(gplt)
+#   end
+#
+#   # o is the window... show it
+#   showall(subplt.o)
+# end
@@ -1,7 +1,35 @@

 # https://github.com/tbreloff/Qwt.jl

-function _initialize_backend(::QwtPackage; kw...)
+
+supported_attrs(::QwtBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
+    :annotations,
+    :linecolor,
+    :fillrange,
+    :fillcolor,
+    :label,
+    :legend,
+    :seriescolor, :seriesalpha,
+    :linestyle,
+    :linewidth,
+    :markershape,
+    :markercolor,
+    :markersize,
+    :bins,
+    :pos,
+    :title,
+    :window_title,
+    :guide, :lims, :ticks, :scale,
+  ])
+supported_types(::QwtBackend) = [:path, :scatter, :hexbin, :bar]
+supported_markers(::QwtBackend) = [:none, :auto, :rect, :circle, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5, :star8, :hexagon]
+supported_scales(::QwtBackend) = [:identity, :log10]
+is_subplot_supported(::QwtBackend) = true
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _initialize_backend(::QwtBackend; kw...)
  @eval begin
    warn("Qwt is no longer supported... many features will likely be broken.")
    import Qwt
@@ -11,8 +39,8 @@ end

 # -------------------------------

-@compat const _qwtAliases = Dict(
-    :nbins => :heatmap_n,
+const _qwtAliases = KW(
+    :bins => :heatmap_n,
    :fillrange => :fillto,
    :linewidth => :width,
    :markershape => :marker,
@@ -24,7 +52,7 @@ end
    :star8 => :star2,
  )

-function fixcolors(d::Dict)
+function fixcolors(d::KW)
  for (k,v) in d
    if typeof(v) <: ColorScheme
      d[k] = getColor(v)
@@ -38,31 +66,31 @@ function replaceQwtAliases(d, s)
  end
 end

-function adjustQwtKeywords(plt::Plot{QwtPackage}, iscreating::Bool; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  lt = d[:linetype]
-  if lt == :scatter
-    d[:linetype] = :none
+function adjustQwtKeywords(plt::Plot{QwtBackend}, iscreating::Bool; kw...)
+  d = KW(kw)
+  st = d[:seriestype]
+  if st == :scatter
+    d[:seriestype] = :none
    if d[:markershape] == :none
-      d[:markershape] = :ellipse
+      d[:markershape] = :circle
    end

-  elseif lt in (:hline, :vline)
+  elseif st in (:hline, :vline)
    addLineMarker(plt, d)
-    d[:linetype] = :none
-    d[:markershape] = :ellipse
+    d[:seriestype] = :none
+    d[:markershape] = :circle
    d[:markersize] = 1
-    if lt == :vline
+    if st == :vline
      d[:x], d[:y] = d[:y], d[:x]
    end

-  elseif !iscreating && lt == :bar
+  elseif !iscreating && st == :bar
    d = barHack(; kw...)
-  elseif !iscreating && lt == :hist
+  elseif !iscreating && st == :histogram
    d = barHack(; histogramHack(; kw...)...)
  end

-  replaceQwtAliases(d, :linetype)
+  replaceQwtAliases(d, :seriestype)
  replaceQwtAliases(d, :markershape)

  for k in keys(d)
@@ -73,38 +101,39 @@ function adjustQwtKeywords(plt::Plot{QwtPackage}, iscreating::Bool; kw...)

  d[:x] = collect(d[:x])
  d[:y] = collect(d[:y])
-  
+
  d
 end

-function _create_plot(pkg::QwtPackage; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  fixcolors(d)
-  dumpdict(d,"\n\n!!! plot")
-  o = Qwt.plot(zeros(0,0); d..., show=false)
-  plt = Plot(o, pkg, 0, d, Dict[])
-  plt
+# function _create_plot(pkg::QwtBackend, d::KW)
+function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{QwtBackend})
+  fixcolors(plt.attr)
+  dumpdict(plt.attr,"\n\n!!! plot")
+  o = Qwt.plot(zeros(0,0); plt.attr..., show=false)
+  # plt = Plot(o, pkg, 0, d, KW[])
+  # plt
 end

-function _add_series(::QwtPackage, plt::Plot; kw...)
-  d = adjustQwtKeywords(plt, false; kw...)
+# function _series_added(::QwtBackend, plt::Plot, d::KW)
+function _series_added(plt::Plot{QwtBackend}, series::Series)
+  d = adjustQwtKeywords(plt, false; series.d...)
  fixcolors(d)
  dumpdict(d,"\n\n!!! plot!")
  Qwt.oplot(plt.o; d...)
-  push!(plt.seriesargs, d)
-  plt
+  # push!(plt.seriesargs, d)
+  # plt
 end


 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-function updateLimsAndTicks(plt::Plot{QwtPackage}, d::Dict, isx::Bool)
+function updateLimsAndTicks(plt::Plot{QwtBackend}, d::KW, isx::Bool)
  lims = get(d, isx ? :xlims : :ylims, nothing)
  ticks = get(d, isx ? :xticks : :yticks, nothing)
  w = plt.o.widget
-  axisid = Qwt.QWT.QwtPlot[isx ? :xBottom : :yLeft] 
-  
-  if typeof(lims) <: @compat(Union{Tuple,AVec}) && length(lims) == 2
+  axisid = Qwt.QWT.QwtPlot[isx ? :xBottom : :yLeft]
+
+  if typeof(lims) <: Union{Tuple,AVec} && length(lims) == 2
    if isx
      plt.o.autoscale_x = false
    else
@@ -132,21 +161,21 @@ function updateLimsAndTicks(plt::Plot{QwtPackage}, d::Dict, isx::Bool)
    # scaletype == :log       && w[:setAxisScaleEngine](axisid, Qwt.QWT.QwtLogScaleEngine(e))
    # scaletype == :log2      && w[:setAxisScaleEngine](axisid, Qwt.QWT.QwtLogScaleEngine(2))
    scaletype == :log10     && w[:setAxisScaleEngine](axisid, Qwt.QWT.QwtLog10ScaleEngine())
-    scaletype in supportedScales() || warn("Unsupported scale type: ", scaletype)
+    scaletype in supported_scales() || warn("Unsupported scale type: ", scaletype)
  end

 end


-function _update_plot(plt::Plot{QwtPackage}, d::Dict)
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{QwtBackend}, d::KW)
  haskey(d, :title) && Qwt.title(plt.o, d[:title])
-  haskey(d, :xlabel) && Qwt.xlabel(plt.o, d[:xlabel])
-  haskey(d, :ylabel) && Qwt.ylabel(plt.o, d[:ylabel])
+  haskey(d, :xguide) && Qwt.xlabel(plt.o, d[:xguide])
+  haskey(d, :yguide) && Qwt.ylabel(plt.o, d[:yguide])
  updateLimsAndTicks(plt, d, true)
  updateLimsAndTicks(plt, d, false)
 end

-function _update_plot_pos_size(plt::PlottingObject{QwtPackage}, d::Dict)
+function _update_plot_pos_size(plt::AbstractPlot{QwtBackend}, d::KW)
  haskey(d, :size) && Qwt.resizewidget(plt.o, d[:size]...)
  haskey(d, :pos) && Qwt.movewidget(plt.o, d[:pos]...)
 end
@@ -155,10 +184,10 @@ end
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

        # curve.setPen(Qt.QPen(Qt.QColor(color), linewidth, self.getLineStyle(linestyle)))
-function addLineMarker(plt::Plot{QwtPackage}, d::Dict)
+function addLineMarker(plt::Plot{QwtBackend}, d::KW)
  for yi in d[:y]
    marker = Qwt.QWT.QwtPlotMarker()
-    ishorizontal = (d[:linetype] == :hline)
+    ishorizontal = (d[:seriestype] == :hline)
    marker[:setLineStyle](ishorizontal ? 1 : 2)
    marker[ishorizontal ? :setYValue : :setXValue](yi)
    qcolor = Qwt.convertRGBToQColor(getColor(d[:linecolor]))
@@ -182,14 +211,14 @@ function createQwtAnnotation(plt::Plot, x, y, val::PlotText)
  marker[:attach](plt.o.widget)
 end

-function createQwtAnnotation(plt::Plot, x, y, val::@compat(AbstractString))
+function createQwtAnnotation(plt::Plot, x, y, val::AbstractString)
  marker = Qwt.QWT.QwtPlotMarker()
  marker[:setValue](x, y)
  marker[:setLabel](Qwt.QWT.QwtText(val))
  marker[:attach](plt.o.widget)
 end

-function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{QwtPackage}, anns::AVec{@compat(Tuple{X,Y,V})})
+function _add_annotations(plt::Plot{QwtBackend}, anns::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,V}}) where {X,Y,V}
  for ann in anns
    createQwtAnnotation(plt, ann...)
  end
@@ -199,12 +228,12 @@ end

 # accessors for x/y data

-function Base.getindex(plt::Plot{QwtPackage}, i::Int)
+function getxy(plt::Plot{QwtBackend}, i::Int)
  series = plt.o.lines[i]
  series.x, series.y
 end

-function Base.setindex!(plt::Plot{QwtPackage}, xy::Tuple, i::Integer)
+function setxy!(plt::Plot{QwtBackend}, xy::Tuple{X,Y}, i::Integer) where {X,Y}
  series = plt.o.lines[i]
  series.x, series.y = xy
  plt
@@ -213,70 +242,67 @@ end

 # -------------------------------

-# savepng(::QwtPackage, plt::PlottingObject, fn::@compat(AbstractString), args...) = Qwt.savepng(plt.o, fn)
-
 # -------------------------------

-# create the underlying object (each backend will do this differently)
-function _create_subplot(subplt::Subplot{QwtPackage}, isbefore::Bool)
-  isbefore && return false
-  i = 0
-  rows = Any[]
-  row = Any[]
-  for (i,(r,c)) in enumerate(subplt.layout)
-    push!(row, subplt.plts[i].o)
-    if c == ncols(subplt.layout, r)
-      push!(rows, Qwt.hsplitter(row...))
-      row = Any[]
-    end
-  end
-  # for rowcnt in subplt.layout.rowcounts
-  #   push!(rows, Qwt.hsplitter([plt.o for plt in subplt.plts[(1:rowcnt) + i]]...))
-  #   i += rowcnt
-  # end
-  subplt.o = Qwt.vsplitter(rows...)
-  # Qwt.resizewidget(subplt.o, getplotargs(subplt,1)[:size]...)
-  # Qwt.moveToLastScreen(subplt.o)  # hack so it goes to my center monitor... sorry
-  true
-end
+# # create the underlying object (each backend will do this differently)
+# function _create_subplot(subplt::Subplot{QwtBackend}, isbefore::Bool)
+#   isbefore && return false
+#   i = 0
+#   rows = Any[]
+#   row = Any[]
+#   for (i,(r,c)) in enumerate(subplt.layout)
+#     push!(row, subplt.plts[i].o)
+#     if c == ncols(subplt.layout, r)
+#       push!(rows, Qwt.hsplitter(row...))
+#       row = Any[]
+#     end
+#   end
+#   # for rowcnt in subplt.layout.rowcounts
+#   #   push!(rows, Qwt.hsplitter([plt.o for plt in subplt.plts[(1:rowcnt) + i]]...))
+#   #   i += rowcnt
+#   # end
+#   subplt.o = Qwt.vsplitter(rows...)
+#   # Qwt.resizewidget(subplt.o, getattr(subplt,1)[:size]...)
+#   # Qwt.moveToLastScreen(subplt.o)  # hack so it goes to my center monitor... sorry
+#   true
+# end

-function _expand_limits(lims, plt::Plot{QwtPackage}, isx::Bool)
+function _expand_limits(lims, plt::Plot{QwtBackend}, isx::Bool)
  for series in plt.o.lines
    _expand_limits(lims, isx ? series.x : series.y)
  end
 end


-function _remove_axis(plt::Plot{QwtPackage}, isx::Bool)
+function _remove_axis(plt::Plot{QwtBackend}, isx::Bool)
 end


 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{QwtPackage})
+function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{QwtBackend})
  Qwt.refresh(plt.o)
  Qwt.savepng(plt.o, "/tmp/dfskjdhfkh.png")
  write(io, readall("/tmp/dfskjdhfkh.png"))
 end

-function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", subplt::Subplot{QwtPackage})
-  for plt in subplt.plts
-    Qwt.refresh(plt.o)
-  end
-  Qwt.savepng(subplt.o, "/tmp/dfskjdhfkh.png")
-  write(io, readall("/tmp/dfskjdhfkh.png"))
-end
+# function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", subplt::Subplot{QwtBackend})
+#   for plt in subplt.plts
+#     Qwt.refresh(plt.o)
+#   end
+#   Qwt.savepng(subplt.o, "/tmp/dfskjdhfkh.png")
+#   write(io, readall("/tmp/dfskjdhfkh.png"))
+# end


-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{QwtPackage})
+function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{QwtBackend})
  Qwt.refresh(plt.o)
  Qwt.showwidget(plt.o)
 end

-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, subplt::Subplot{QwtPackage})
-  for plt in subplt.plts
-    Qwt.refresh(plt.o)
-  end
-  Qwt.showwidget(subplt.o)
-end
-
+# function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, subplt::Subplot{QwtBackend})
+#   for plt in subplt.plts
+#     Qwt.refresh(plt.o)
+#   end
+#   Qwt.showwidget(subplt.o)
+# end
@@ -3,7 +3,35 @@

 # credit goes to https://github.com/jverzani for contributing to the first draft of this backend implementation

-function _initialize_backend(::WinstonPackage; kw...)
+supported_attrs(::WinstonBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
+    :annotations,
+    :linecolor,
+    :fillrange,
+    :fillcolor,
+    :label,
+    :legend,
+    :seriescolor, :seriesalpha,
+    :linestyle,
+    :linewidth,
+    :markershape,
+    :markercolor,
+    :markersize,
+    :bins,
+    :title,
+    :window_title,
+    :guide, :lims, :scale,
+  ])
+supported_types(::WinstonBackend) = [:path, :scatter, :bar]
+supported_styles(::WinstonBackend) = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot]
+supported_markers(::WinstonBackend) = [:none, :auto, :rect, :circle, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5]
+supported_scales(::WinstonBackend) = [:identity, :log10]
+is_subplot_supported(::WinstonBackend) = false
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+function _initialize_backend(::WinstonBackend; kw...)
  @eval begin
    # ENV["WINSTON_OUTPUT"] = "gtk"
    warn("Winston is no longer supported... many features will likely be broken.")
@@ -16,15 +44,15 @@ end


 ## dictionaries for conversion of Plots.jl names to Winston ones.
-@compat const winston_linestyle =  Dict(:solid=>"solid",
+const winston_linestyle =  KW(:solid=>"solid",
                                :dash=>"dash",
                                :dot=>"dotted",
                                :dashdot=>"dotdashed"
                               )

-@compat const winston_marker = Dict(:none=>".",
+const winston_marker = KW(:none=>".",
                            :rect => "square",
-                            :ellipse=>"circle",
+                            :circle=>"circle",
                            :diamond=>"diamond",
                            :utriangle=>"triangle",
                            :dtriangle=>"down-triangle",
@@ -33,23 +61,23 @@ end
                            :star5 => "asterisk"
                           )

-function _before_add_series(plt::Plot{WinstonPackage})
+function _before_update(plt::Plot{WinstonBackend})
  Winston.ghf(plt.o)
 end

 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

-
-function _create_plot(pkg::WinstonPackage; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  wplt = Winston.FramedPlot(title = d[:title], xlabel = d[:xlabel], ylabel = d[:ylabel])
-  
-  Plot(wplt, pkg, 0, d, Dict[])
+function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{WinstonBackend})
+    Winston.FramedPlot(
+        title = plt.attr[:title],
+        xlabel = plt.attr[:xguide],
+        ylabel = plt.attr[:yguide]
+    )
 end

-copy_remove(d::Dict, s::Symbol) = delete!(copy(d), s)
+copy_remove(d::KW, s::Symbol) = delete!(copy(d), s)

-function addRegressionLineWinston(d::Dict, wplt)
+function addRegressionLineWinston(d::KW, wplt)
  xs, ys = regressionXY(d[:x], d[:y])
  Winston.add(wplt, Winston.Curve(xs, ys, kind="dotted"))
 end
@@ -64,18 +92,17 @@ function getWinstonItems(plt::Plot)
  window, canvas, wplt
 end

-function _add_series(::WinstonPackage, plt::Plot; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-
+function _series_added(plt::Plot{WinstonBackend}, series::Series)
+    d = series.d
  window, canvas, wplt = getWinstonItems(plt)

  # until we call it normally, do the hack
-  if d[:linetype] == :bar
+  if d[:seriestype] == :bar
    d = barHack(;d...)
  end


-  e = Dict()
+  e = KW()
  e[:color] = getColor(d[:linecolor])
  e[:linewidth] = d[:linewidth]
  e[:kind] = winston_linestyle[d[:linestyle]]
@@ -88,11 +115,11 @@ function _add_series(::WinstonPackage, plt::Plot; kw...)



-  ## lintype :path, :step, :stepinverted, :sticks, :dots, :none, :heatmap, :hexbin, :hist, :bar
-  if d[:linetype] == :none
+  ## lintype :path, :step, :stepinverted, :sticks, :dots, :none, :histogram2d, :hexbin, :histogram, :bar
+  if d[:seriestype] == :none
    Winston.add(wplt, Winston.Points(d[:x], d[:y]; copy_remove(e, :kind)..., color=getColor(d[:markercolor])))

-  elseif d[:linetype] == :path
+  elseif d[:seriestype] == :path
    x, y = d[:x], d[:y]
    Winston.add(wplt, Winston.Curve(x, y; e...))

@@ -106,38 +133,38 @@ function _add_series(::WinstonPackage, plt::Plot; kw...)
      Winston.add(wplt, Winston.FillBetween(x, y, x, y2, fillcolor=getColor(d[:fillcolor])))
    end

-  elseif d[:linetype] == :scatter
+  elseif d[:seriestype] == :scatter
    if d[:markershape] == :none
-      d[:markershape] = :ellipse
+      d[:markershape] = :circle
    end

-  # elseif d[:linetype] == :step
+  # elseif d[:seriestype] == :step
  #     fn = Winston.XXX

-  # elseif d[:linetype] == :stepinverted
+  # elseif d[:seriestype] == :stepinverted
  #     fn = Winston.XXX

-  elseif d[:linetype] == :sticks
+  elseif d[:seriestype] == :sticks
      Winston.add(wplt, Winston.Stems(d[:x], d[:y]; e...))

-  # elseif d[:linetype] == :dots
+  # elseif d[:seriestype] == :dots
  #     fn = Winston.XXX

-  # elseif d[:linetype] == :heatmap
+  # elseif d[:seriestype] == :histogram2d
  #     fn = Winston.XXX

-  # elseif d[:linetype] == :hexbin
+  # elseif d[:seriestype] == :hexbin
  #     fn = Winston.XXX

-  elseif d[:linetype] == :hist
-      hst = hist(d[:y], d[:nbins])
-      Winston.add(wplt, Winston.Histogram(hst...; copy_remove(e, :nbins)...))
+  elseif d[:seriestype] == :histogram
+      hst = hist(d[:y], d[:bins])
+      Winston.add(wplt, Winston.Histogram(hst...; copy_remove(e, :bins)...))

-  # elseif d[:linetype] == :bar
+  # elseif d[:seriestype] == :bar
  #     # fn = Winston.XXX

  else
-    error("linetype $(d[:linetype]) not supported by Winston.")
+    error("seriestype $(d[:seriestype]) not supported by Winston.")

  end

@@ -149,25 +176,25 @@ function _add_series(::WinstonPackage, plt::Plot; kw...)


  # optionally add a regression line
-  d[:smooth] && d[:linetype] != :hist && addRegressionLineWinston(d, wplt)
+  d[:smooth] && d[:seriestype] != :histogram && addRegressionLineWinston(d, wplt)

-  push!(plt.seriesargs, d)
-  plt
+  # push!(plt.seriesargs, d)
+  # plt
 end


 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-@compat const _winstonNames = Dict(
+const _winstonNames = KW(
    :xlims => :xrange,
    :ylims => :yrange,
    :xscale => :xlog,
    :yscale => :ylog,
  )

-function _update_plot(plt::Plot{WinstonPackage}, d::Dict)
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{WinstonBackend}, d::KW)
  window, canvas, wplt = getWinstonItems(plt)
-  for k in (:xlabel, :ylabel, :title, :xlims, :ylims)
+  for k in (:xguide, :yguide, :title, :xlims, :ylims)
    if haskey(d, k)
      Winston.setattr(wplt, string(get(_winstonNames, k, k)), d[k])
    end
@@ -186,11 +213,11 @@ end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-function createWinstonAnnotationObject(plt::Plot{WinstonPackage}, x, y, val::@compat(AbstractString))
+function createWinstonAnnotationObject(plt::Plot{WinstonBackend}, x, y, val::AbstractString)
  Winston.text(x, y, val)
 end

-function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{WinstonPackage}, anns::AVec{@compat(Tuple{X,Y,V})})
+function _add_annotations(plt::Plot{WinstonBackend}, anns::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,V}}) where {X,Y,V}
  for ann in anns
    createWinstonAnnotationObject(plt, ann...)
  end
@@ -199,26 +226,26 @@ end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-function _create_subplot(subplt::Subplot{WinstonPackage}, isbefore::Bool)
-  # TODO: build the underlying Subplot object.  this is where you might layout the panes within a GUI window, for example
-end
+# function _create_subplot(subplt::Subplot{WinstonBackend}, isbefore::Bool)
+#   # TODO: build the underlying Subplot object.  this is where you might layout the panes within a GUI window, for example
+# end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

 function addWinstonLegend(plt::Plot, wplt)
-  if plt.plotargs[:legend] != :none
+  if plt.attr[:legend] != :none
    Winston.legend(wplt, [sd[:label] for sd in plt.seriesargs])
  end
 end

-function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::PlottingObject{WinstonPackage})
+function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::AbstractPlot{WinstonBackend})
  window, canvas, wplt = getWinstonItems(plt)
  addWinstonLegend(plt, wplt)
-  writemime(io, "image/png", wplt)
+  show(io, "image/png", wplt)
 end


-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{WinstonPackage})
+function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{WinstonBackend})

  window, canvas, wplt = getWinstonItems(plt)

@@ -227,9 +254,9 @@ function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{WinstonPackage})
      error("Gtk is the only supported display for Winston in Plots.  Set `output_surface = gtk` in src/Winston.ini")
    end
    # initialize window
-    w,h = plt.plotargs[:size]
+    w,h = plt.attr[:size]
    canvas = Gtk.GtkCanvasLeaf()
-    window = Gtk.GtkWindowLeaf(canvas, plt.plotargs[:windowtitle], w, h)
+    window = Gtk.GtkWindowLeaf(canvas, plt.attr[:window_title], w, h)
    plt.o = (window, canvas, wplt)
  end

@@ -240,6 +267,6 @@ function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot{WinstonPackage})
 end


-function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, subplt::Subplot{WinstonPackage})
-  # TODO: display/show the Subplot object
-end
+# function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, subplt::Subplot{WinstonBackend})
+#   # TODO: display/show the Subplot object
+# end
@@ -1,14 +1,42 @@

-abstract ColorScheme
+abstract type ColorScheme end
+
+Base.getindex(scheme::ColorScheme, i::Integer) = getColor(scheme, i)
+
+export
+    cgrad
+
+cgrad() = default_gradient()
+
+function cgrad(arg, values = nothing; alpha = nothing, scale = :identity)
+    colors = ColorGradient(arg, alpha=alpha).colors
+    values = if values != nothing
+        values
+    elseif scale in (:log, :log10)
+        log10(linspace(1,10,30))
+    elseif scale == :log2
+        log2(linspace(1,2,30))
+    elseif scale == :ln
+        log(linspace(1,pi,30))
+    elseif scale in (:exp, :exp10)
+        (exp10(linspace(0,1,30)) - 1) / 9
+    else
+        linspace(0, 1, length(colors))
+    end
+    ColorGradient(colors, values)
+end
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------

 getColor(scheme::ColorScheme) = getColor(scheme, 1)
 getColorVector(scheme::ColorScheme) = [getColor(scheme)]

 colorscheme(scheme::ColorScheme) = scheme
+colorscheme(s::AbstractString; kw...) = colorscheme(Symbol(s); kw...)
 colorscheme(s::Symbol; kw...) = haskey(_gradients, s) ? ColorGradient(s; kw...) : ColorWrapper(convertColor(s); kw...)
-colorscheme{T<:Real}(s::Symbol, vals::AVec{T}; kw...) = ColorGradient(s, vals; kw...)
+colorscheme(s::Symbol, vals::AVec{T}; kw...) where {T<:Real} = ColorGradient(s, vals; kw...)
 colorscheme(cs::AVec, vs::AVec; kw...) = ColorGradient(cs, vs; kw...)
-colorscheme{T<:Colorant}(cs::AVec{T}; kw...) = ColorGradient(cs; kw...)
+colorscheme(cs::AVec{T}; kw...) where {T<:Colorant} = ColorGradient(cs; kw...)
 colorscheme(f::Function; kw...) = ColorFunction(f; kw...)
 colorscheme(v::AVec; kw...) = ColorVector(v; kw...)
 colorscheme(m::AMat; kw...) = size(m,1) == 1 ? map(c->colorscheme(c; kw...), m) : [colorscheme(m[:,i]; kw...) for i in 1:size(m,2)]'
@@ -18,17 +46,20 @@ colorscheme(c::Colorant; kw...) = ColorWrapper(c; kw...)
 # --------------------------------------------------------------


-convertColor(c::@compat(Union{AbstractString, Symbol})) = parse(Colorant, string(c))
+convertColor(c::AbstractString) = parse(Colorant, c)
+convertColor(c::Symbol) = parse(Colorant, string(c))
 convertColor(c::Colorant) = c
 convertColor(cvec::AbstractVector) = map(convertColor, cvec)
 convertColor(c::ColorScheme) = c
+convertColor(v::Void) = RGBA(0,0,0,0)
+convertColor(b::Bool) = b ? RGBA(0,0,0,1) : RGBA(0,0,0,0)

 function convertColor(c, α::Real)
  c = convertColor(c)
-  RGBA(RGB(c), α)
+  RGBA(RGB(getColor(c)), α)
 end
 convertColor(cs::AVec, α::Real) = map(c -> convertColor(c, α), cs)
-convertColor(c, α::@compat(Void)) = convertColor(c)
+convertColor(c, α::Void) = convertColor(c)

 # backup... try to convert
 getColor(c) = convertColor(c)
@@ -48,11 +79,11 @@ end

 # --------------------------------------------------------------

-const _rainbowColors = [colorant"blue", colorant"purple", colorant"green", colorant"orange", colorant"red"]
+const _rainbowColors = [colorant"purple", colorant"blue", colorant"green", colorant"orange", colorant"red"]
 const _testColors = [colorant"darkblue", colorant"blueviolet",  colorant"darkcyan",colorant"green",
                     darken(colorant"yellow",0.3), colorant"orange", darken(colorant"red",0.2)]

-@compat const _gradients = Dict(
+const _gradients = KW(
    :blues        => [colorant"lightblue", colorant"darkblue"],
    :reds         => [colorant"lightpink", colorant"darkred"],
    :greens       => [colorant"lightgreen", colorant"darkgreen"],
@@ -67,19 +98,26 @@ const _testColors = [colorant"darkblue", colorant"blueviolet",  colorant"darkcya
    :lighttest    => map(c -> lighten(c, 0.3), _testColors),
  )

+function register_gradient_colors(name::Symbol, colors::AVec{C}) where C<:Colorant
+    _gradients[name] = colors
+end
+
+include("color_gradients.jl")
+
+default_gradient() = ColorGradient(:inferno)

 # --------------------------------------------------------------

 "Continuous gradient between values.  Wraps a list of bounding colors and the values they represent."
-immutable ColorGradient <: ColorScheme
-  colors::Vector{Colorant}
-  values::Vector{Float64}
+struct ColorGradient <: ColorScheme
+  colors::Vector
+  values::Vector

-  function ColorGradient{T<:Colorant,S<:Real}(cs::AVec{T}, vals::AVec{S} = linspace(0, 1, length(cs)); alpha = nothing)
+  function ColorGradient(cs::AVec, vals::AVec{S} = linspace(0, 1, length(cs)); alpha = nothing) where S<:Real
    if length(cs) == length(vals)
      return new(convertColor(cs,alpha), collect(vals))
    end
-    
+
    # # otherwise interpolate evenly between the minval and maxval
    # minval, maxval = minimum(vals), maximum(vals)
    # vs = Float64[interpolate(minval, maxval, w) for w in linspace(0, 1, length(cs))]
@@ -93,8 +131,14 @@ immutable ColorGradient <: ColorScheme
  end
 end

+
+
+Base.getindex(cs::ColorGradient, i::Integer) = getColor(cs, i)
+Base.getindex(cs::ColorGradient, z::Number) = getColorZ(cs, z)
+
+
 # create a gradient from a symbol (blues, reds, etc) and vector of boundary values
-function ColorGradient{T<:Real}(s::Symbol, vals::AVec{T} = 0:0; kw...)
+function ColorGradient(s::Symbol, vals::AVec{T} = 0:0; kw...) where T<:Real
  haskey(_gradients, s) || error("Invalid gradient symbol.  Choose from: ", sort(collect(keys(_gradients))))
  cs = _gradients[s]
  if vals == 0:0
@@ -103,8 +147,17 @@ function ColorGradient{T<:Real}(s::Symbol, vals::AVec{T} = 0:0; kw...)
  ColorGradient(cs, vals; kw...)
 end

-function ColorGradient{T<:Real}(cs::AVec{Symbol}, vals::AVec{T} = linspace(0, 1, length(cs)); kw...)
-  ColorGradient(map(convertColor, cs), vals; kw...)
+# function ColorGradient{T<:Real}(cs::AVec, vals::AVec{T} = linspace(0, 1, length(cs)); kw...)
+#   ColorGradient(map(convertColor, cs), vals; kw...)
+# end
+
+function ColorGradient(grad::ColorGradient; alpha = nothing)
+  ColorGradient(convertColor(grad.colors, alpha), grad.values)
+end
+
+# anything else just gets the default gradient
+function ColorGradient(cw; alpha=nothing)
+    ColorGradient(default_gradient(), alpha=alpha)
 end

 getColor(gradient::ColorGradient, idx::Int) = gradient.colors[mod1(idx, length(gradient.colors))]
@@ -155,7 +208,7 @@ end
 # --------------------------------------------------------------

 "Wraps a function, taking an index and returning a Colorant"
-immutable ColorFunction <: ColorScheme
+struct ColorFunction <: ColorScheme
  f::Function
 end

@@ -164,16 +217,16 @@ getColor(scheme::ColorFunction, idx::Int) = scheme.f(idx)
 # --------------------------------------------------------------

 "Wraps a function, taking an z-value and returning a Colorant"
-immutable ColorZFunction <: ColorScheme
+struct ColorZFunction <: ColorScheme
  f::Function
 end

-getColorZ(scheme::ColorFunction, z::Real) = scheme.f(z)
+getColorZ(scheme::ColorZFunction, z::Real) = scheme.f(z)

 # --------------------------------------------------------------

 "Wraps a vector of colors... may be vector of Symbol/String/Colorant"
-immutable ColorVector <: ColorScheme
+struct ColorVector <: ColorScheme
  v::Vector{Colorant}
  ColorVector(v::AVec; alpha = nothing) = new(convertColor(v,alpha))
 end
@@ -185,7 +238,7 @@ getColorVector(scheme::ColorVector) = scheme.v
 # --------------------------------------------------------------

 "Wraps a single color"
-immutable ColorWrapper <: ColorScheme
+struct ColorWrapper <: ColorScheme
  c::RGBA
  ColorWrapper(c::Colorant; alpha = nothing) = new(convertColor(c, alpha))
 end
@@ -194,6 +247,7 @@ ColorWrapper(s::Symbol; alpha = nothing) = ColorWrapper(convertColor(parse(Color

 getColor(scheme::ColorWrapper, idx::Int) = scheme.c
 getColorZ(scheme::ColorWrapper, z::Real) = scheme.c
+convertColor(c::ColorWrapper, α::Void) = c.c

 # --------------------------------------------------------------

@@ -283,7 +337,7 @@ function generate_colorgradient(bgcolor = colorant"white";
  gradient_from_list(colors)
 end

-function get_color_palette(palette, bgcolor::@compat(Union{Colorant,ColorWrapper}), numcolors::Integer)
+function get_color_palette(palette, bgcolor::Union{Colorant,ColorWrapper}, numcolors::Integer)
  grad = if palette == :auto
    generate_colorgradient(bgcolor)
  else
@@ -293,7 +347,8 @@ function get_color_palette(palette, bgcolor::@compat(Union{Colorant,ColorWrapper
  RGBA[getColorZ(grad, z) for z in zrng]
 end

-function get_color_palette(palette::Vector{RGBA}, bgcolor::@compat(Union{Colorant,ColorWrapper}), numcolors::Integer)
+function get_color_palette(palette::Vector{C},
+bgcolor::Union{Colorant,ColorWrapper}, numcolors::Integer) where C<:Colorant
  palette
 end

@@ -336,10 +391,10 @@ end
 make255(x) = round(Int, 255 * x)

 function webcolor(c::Color)
-  @sprintf("rgb(%d, %d, %d)", [make255(f(c)) for f in [red,green,blue]]...)
+    @sprintf("rgb(%d, %d, %d)", [make255(f(c)) for f in [red,green,blue]]...)
 end
 function webcolor(c::TransparentColor)
-  @sprintf("rgba(%d, %d, %d, %1.3f)", [make255(f(c)) for f in [red,green,blue]]..., alpha(c))
+    @sprintf("rgba(%d, %d, %d, %1.3f)", [make255(f(c)) for f in [red,green,blue]]..., alpha(c))
 end
 webcolor(cs::ColorScheme) = webcolor(getColor(cs))
 webcolor(c) = webcolor(convertColor(c))
@@ -347,42 +402,12 @@ webcolor(c, α) = webcolor(convertColor(getColor(c), α))

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-# TODO: allow the setting of the algorithm, either by passing a symbol (:colordiff, :fixed, etc) or a function? 
-
-# function getBackgroundRGBColor(c, d::Dict)
-function handlePlotColors(::PlottingPackage, d::Dict)
-  if :background_color in supportedArgs()
-    bgcolor = convertColor(d[:background_color])
-  else
-    bgcolor = _plotDefaults[:background_color]
-    if d[:background_color] != _plotDefaults[:background_color]
-      warn("Cannot set background_color with backend $(backend())")
-    end
-  end
-
-
-  d[:color_palette] = get_color_palette(get(d, :color_palette, :auto), bgcolor, 100)
-
-
-  # set the foreground color (text, ticks, gridlines) to be white or black depending
-  # on how dark the background is.  
-  fgcolor = get(d, :foreground_color, :auto)
-  fgcolor = if fgcolor == :auto
-    isdark(bgcolor) ? colorant"white" : colorant"black"
-  else
-    convertColor(fgcolor)
-  end
-
-  # bgcolor
-  d[:background_color] = colorscheme(bgcolor)
-  d[:foreground_color] = colorscheme(fgcolor)
-end

 # converts a symbol or string into a colorant (Colors.RGB), and assigns a color automatically
-function getSeriesRGBColor(c, plotargs::Dict, n::Int)
+function getSeriesRGBColor(c, sp::Subplot, n::Int)

  if c == :auto
-    c = autopick(plotargs[:color_palette], n)
+    c = autopick(sp[:color_palette], n)
  end

  # c should now be a subtype of ColorScheme
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+
+# create a new "build_series_args" which converts all inputs into xs = Any[xitems], ys = Any[yitems].
+# Special handling for: no args, xmin/xmax, parametric, dataframes
+# Then once inputs have been converted, build the series args, map functions, etc.
+# This should cut down on boilerplate code and allow more focused dispatch on type
+# note: returns meta information... mainly for use with automatic labeling from DataFrames for now
+
+const FuncOrFuncs = Union{Function, AVec{Function}}
+
+all3D(d::KW) = trueOrAllTrue(st -> st in (:contour, :contourf, :heatmap, :surface, :wireframe, :contour3d, :image), get(d, :seriestype, :none))
+
+# missing
+convertToAnyVector(v::Void, d::KW) = Any[nothing], nothing
+
+# fixed number of blank series
+convertToAnyVector(n::Integer, d::KW) = Any[zeros(0) for i in 1:n], nothing
+
+# numeric vector
+convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{T}, d::KW) where {T<:Number} = Any[v], nothing
+
+# string vector
+convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{T}, d::KW) where {T<:AbstractString} = Any[v], nothing
+
+function convertToAnyVector(v::AMat, d::KW)
+    if all3D(d)
+        Any[Surface(v)]
+    else
+        Any[v[:,i] for i in 1:size(v,2)]
+    end, nothing
+end
+
+# function
+convertToAnyVector(f::Function, d::KW) = Any[f], nothing
+
+# surface
+convertToAnyVector(s::Surface, d::KW) = Any[s], nothing
+
+# # vector of OHLC
+# convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{OHLC}, d::KW) = Any[v], nothing
+
+# dates
+convertToAnyVector(dts::AVec{D}, d::KW) where {D<:Union{Date,DateTime}} = Any[dts], nothing
+
+# list of things (maybe other vectors, functions, or something else)
+function convertToAnyVector(v::AVec, d::KW)
+    if all(x -> typeof(x) <: Number, v)
+        # all real numbers wrap the whole vector as one item
+        Any[convert(Vector{Float64}, v)], nothing
+    else
+        # something else... treat each element as an item
+        vcat(Any[convertToAnyVector(vi, d)[1] for vi in v]...), nothing
+        # Any[vi for vi in v], nothing
+    end
+end
+
+convertToAnyVector(t::Tuple, d::KW) = Any[t], nothing
+
+
+function convertToAnyVector(args...)
+    error("In convertToAnyVector, could not handle the argument types: $(map(typeof, args[1:end-1]))")
+end
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# TODO: can we avoid the copy here?  one error that crops up is that mapping functions over the same array
+#       result in that array being shared.  push!, etc will add too many items to that array
+
+compute_x(x::Void, y::Void, z)      = 1:size(z,1)
+compute_x(x::Void, y, z)            = 1:size(y,1)
+compute_x(x::Function, y, z)        = map(x, y)
+compute_x(x, y, z)                  = copy(x)
+
+# compute_y(x::Void, y::Function, z)  = error()
+compute_y(x::Void, y::Void, z)      = 1:size(z,2)
+compute_y(x, y::Function, z)        = map(y, x)
+compute_y(x, y, z)                  = copy(y)
+
+compute_z(x, y, z::Function)        = map(z, x, y)
+compute_z(x, y, z::AbstractMatrix)  = Surface(z)
+compute_z(x, y, z::Void)            = nothing
+compute_z(x, y, z)                  = copy(z)
+
+nobigs(v::AVec{BigFloat}) = map(Float64, v)
+nobigs(v::AVec{BigInt}) = map(Int64, v)
+nobigs(v) = v
+
+@noinline function compute_xyz(x, y, z)
+    x = compute_x(x,y,z)
+    y = compute_y(x,y,z)
+    z = compute_z(x,y,z)
+    nobigs(x), nobigs(y), nobigs(z)
+end
+
+# not allowed
+compute_xyz(x::Void, y::FuncOrFuncs, z)       = error("If you want to plot the function `$y`, you need to define the x values!")
+compute_xyz(x::Void, y::Void, z::FuncOrFuncs) = error("If you want to plot the function `$z`, you need to define x and y values!")
+compute_xyz(x::Void, y::Void, z::Void)        = error("x/y/z are all nothing!")
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+"""
+Holds all data needed for a documentation example... header, description, and plotting expression (Expr)
+"""
+mutable struct PlotExample
+  header::AbstractString
+  desc::AbstractString
+  exprs::Vector{Expr}
+end
+
+# the _examples we'll run for each
+const _examples = PlotExample[
+
+PlotExample("Lines",
+    "A simple line plot of the columns.",
+    [:(begin
+        plot(Plots.fakedata(50,5), w=3)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Functions, adding data, and animations",
+"""
+Plot multiple functions.  You can also put the function first, or use the form `plot(f,
+xmin, xmax)` where f is a Function or AbstractVector{Function}.\n\nGet series data:
+`x, y = plt[i]`.  Set series data: `plt[i] = (x,y)`. Add to the series with
+`push!`/`append!`.\n\nEasily build animations.  (`convert` or `ffmpeg` must be available
+to generate the animation.)  Use command `gif(anim, filename, fps=15)` to save the
+animation.
+""",
+    [:(begin
+        p = plot([sin,cos], zeros(0), leg=false)
+        anim = Animation()
+        for x in linspace(0, 10π, 100)
+            push!(p, x, Float64[sin(x), cos(x)])
+            frame(anim)
+        end
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Parametric plots",
+    "Plot function pair (x(u), y(u)).",
+    [:(begin
+        plot(sin, x->sin(2x), 0, 2π, line=4, leg=false, fill=(0,:orange))
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Colors",
+"""
+Access predefined palettes (or build your own with the `colorscheme` method).
+Line/marker colors are auto-generated from the plot's palette, unless overridden.  Set
+the `z` argument to turn on series gradients.
+""",
+    [:(begin
+y = rand(100)
+plot(0:10:100,rand(11,4),lab="lines",w=3,palette=:grays,fill=0, α=0.6)
+scatter!(y, zcolor=abs.(y-.5), m=(:heat,0.8,stroke(1,:green)), ms=10*abs.(y-0.5)+4,
+         lab="grad")
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Global",
+"""
+Change the guides/background/limits/ticks.  Convenience args `xaxis` and `yaxis` allow
+you to pass a tuple or value which will be mapped to the relevant args automatically.
+The `xaxis` below will be replaced with `xlabel` and `xlims` args automatically during
+the preprocessing step. You can also use shorthand functions: `title!`, `xaxis!`,
+`yaxis!`, `xlabel!`, `ylabel!`, `xlims!`, `ylims!`, `xticks!`, `yticks!`
+""",
+    [:(begin
+y = rand(20,3)
+plot(y, xaxis=("XLABEL",(-5,30),0:2:20,:flip), background_color = RGB(0.2,0.2,0.2),
+     leg=false)
+hline!(mean(y,1)+rand(1,3), line=(4,:dash,0.6,[:lightgreen :green :darkgreen]))
+vline!([5,10])
+title!("TITLE")
+yaxis!("YLABEL", :log10)
+    end)]
+),
+
+# PlotExample("Two-axis",
+#             "Use the `axis` arguments.",
+#             [
+#               :(plot(Vector[randn(100), randn(100)*100], axis = [:l :r], ylabel="LEFT", yrightlabel="RIGHT", xlabel="X", title="TITLE"))
+#             ]),
+
+PlotExample("Images",
+    "Plot an image.  y-axis is set to flipped",
+    [:(begin
+        import FileIO
+        img = FileIO.load(Pkg.dir("PlotReferenceImages","Plots","pyplot","0.7.0","ref1.png"))
+        plot(img)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Arguments",
+"""
+Plot multiple series with different numbers of points.  Mix arguments that apply to all
+series (marker/markersize) with arguments unique to each series (colors).  Special
+arguments `line`, `marker`, and `fill` will automatically figure out what arguments to
+set (for example, we are setting the `linestyle`, `linewidth`, and `color` arguments with
+`line`.)  Note that we pass a matrix of colors, and this applies the colors to each
+series.
+""",
+    [:(begin
+        ys = Vector[rand(10), rand(20)]
+        plot(ys, color=[:black :orange], line=(:dot,4), marker=([:hex :d],12,0.8,stroke(3,:gray)))
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Build plot in pieces",
+    "Start with a base plot...",
+    [:(begin
+        plot(rand(100)/3, reg=true, fill=(0,:green))
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("",
+    "and add to it later.",
+    [:(begin
+        scatter!(rand(100), markersize=6, c=:orange)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Histogram2D",
+    "",
+    [:(begin
+        histogram2d(randn(10000), randn(10000), nbins=20)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Line types",
+    "",
+    [:(begin
+        linetypes = [:path :steppre :steppost :sticks :scatter]
+        n = length(linetypes)
+        x = Vector[sort(rand(20)) for i in 1:n]
+        y = rand(20,n)
+        plot(x, y, line=(linetypes,3), lab=map(string,linetypes), ms=15)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Line styles",
+    "",
+    [:(begin
+styles = filter(s -> s in Plots.supported_styles(),
+                [:solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot])
+styles = reshape(styles, 1, length(styles)) # Julia 0.6 unfortunately gives an error when transposing symbol vectors
+n = length(styles)
+y = cumsum(randn(20,n),1)
+plot(y, line = (5, styles), label = map(string,styles), legendtitle = "linestyle")
+             end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Marker types",
+    "",
+    [:(begin
+        markers = filter(m -> m in Plots.supported_markers(), Plots._shape_keys)
+        markers = reshape(markers, 1, length(markers))
+        n = length(markers)
+        x = linspace(0,10,n+2)[2:end-1]
+        y = repmat(reshape(reverse(x),1,:), n, 1)
+        scatter(x, y, m=(8,:auto), lab=map(string,markers), bg=:linen, xlim=(0,10), ylim=(0,10))
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Bar",
+    "x is the midpoint of the bar. (todo: allow passing of edges instead of midpoints)",
+    [:(begin
+        bar(randn(99))
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Histogram",
+    "",
+    [:(begin
+        histogram(randn(1000), bins = :scott, weights = repeat(1:5, outer = 200))
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Subplots",
+"""
+Use the `layout` keyword, and optionally the convenient `@layout` macro to generate
+arbitrarily complex subplot layouts.
+""",
+    [:(begin
+l = @layout([a{0.1h}; b [c;d e]])
+plot(randn(100,5), layout=l, t=[:line :histogram :scatter :steppre :bar], leg=false,
+     ticks=nothing, border=:none)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Adding to subplots",
+"""
+Note here the automatic grid layout, as well as the order in which new series are added
+to the plots.
+""",
+    [:(begin
+plot(Plots.fakedata(100,10), layout=4, palette=[:grays :blues :heat :lightrainbow],
+     bg_inside=[:orange :pink :darkblue :black])
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("",
+    "",
+    [:(begin
+        srand(111)
+        plot!(Plots.fakedata(100,10))
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Open/High/Low/Close",
+"""
+Create an OHLC chart.  Pass in a list of (open,high,low,close) tuples as your `y`
+argument.  This uses recipes to first convert the tuples to OHLC objects, and
+subsequently create a :path series with the appropriate line segments.
+""",
+    [:(begin
+n=20
+hgt=rand(n)+1
+bot=randn(n)
+openpct=rand(n)
+closepct=rand(n)
+y = OHLC[(openpct[i]*hgt[i]+bot[i], bot[i]+hgt[i], bot[i],
+          closepct[i]*hgt[i]+bot[i]) for i in 1:n]
+ohlc(y)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Annotations",
+"""
+The `annotations` keyword is used for text annotations in data-coordinates.  Pass in a
+tuple (x,y,text) or a vector of annotations.  `annotate!(ann)` is shorthand for `plot!(;
+annotation=ann)`.  Series annotations are used for annotating individual data points.
+They require only the annotation... x/y values are computed.  A `PlotText` object can be
+build with the method `text(string, attr...)`, which wraps font and color attributes.
+""",
+    [:(begin
+y = rand(10)
+plot(y, annotations = (3,y[3],text("this is #3",:left)), leg=false)
+annotate!([(5, y[5], text("this is #5",16,:red,:center)),
+          (10, y[10], text("this is #10",:right,20,"courier"))])
+scatter!(linspace(2,8,6), rand(6), marker=(50,0.2,:orange),
+         series_annotations = ["series","annotations","map","to","series",
+                               text("data",:green)])
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Custom Markers",
+"""A `Plots.Shape` is a light wrapper around vertices of a polygon.  For supported
+backends, pass arbitrary polygons as the marker shapes.  Note: The center is (0,0) and
+the size is expected to be rougly the area of the unit circle.
+""",
+    [:(begin
+verts = [(-1.0,1.0),(-1.28,0.6),(-0.2,-1.4),(0.2,-1.4),(1.28,0.6),(1.0,1.0),
+         (-1.0,1.0),(-0.2,-0.6),(0.0,-0.2),(-0.4,0.6),(1.28,0.6),(0.2,-1.4),
+         (-0.2,-1.4),(0.6,0.2),(-0.2,0.2),(0.0,-0.2),(0.2,0.2),(-0.2,-0.6)]
+x = 0.1:0.2:0.9
+y = 0.7rand(5)+0.15
+plot(x, y, line = (3,:dash,:lightblue), marker = (Shape(verts),30,RGBA(0,0,0,0.2)),
+     bg=:pink, fg=:darkblue, xlim = (0,1), ylim=(0,1), leg=false)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Contours",
+"""
+Any value for fill works here.  We first build a filled contour from a function, then an
+unfilled contour from a matrix.
+""",
+    [:(begin
+        x = 1:0.5:20
+        y = 1:0.5:10
+        f(x,y) = (3x+y^2)*abs(sin(x)+cos(y))
+        X = repmat(reshape(x,1,:), length(y), 1)
+        Y = repmat(y, 1, length(x))
+        Z = map(f, X, Y)
+        p1 = contour(x, y, f, fill=true)
+        p2 = contour(x, y, Z)
+        plot(p1, p2)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Pie",
+    "",
+    [:(begin
+        x = ["Nerds", "Hackers", "Scientists"]
+        y = [0.4, 0.35, 0.25]
+        pie(x, y, title="The Julia Community", l=0.5)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("3D",
+    "",
+    [:(begin
+        n = 100
+        ts = linspace(0,8π,n)
+        x = ts .* map(cos,ts)
+        y = 0.1ts .* map(sin,ts)
+        z = 1:n
+        plot(x, y, z, zcolor=reverse(z), m=(10,0.8,:blues,stroke(0)), leg=false, cbar=true, w=5)
+        plot!(zeros(n),zeros(n),1:n, w=10)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("DataFrames",
+    "Plot using DataFrame column symbols.",
+    [:(begin
+        import RDatasets
+        iris = RDatasets.dataset("datasets", "iris")
+        @df iris scatter(:SepalLength, :SepalWidth, group=:Species,
+            title = "My awesome plot", xlabel = "Length", ylabel = "Width",
+            marker = (0.5, [:cross :hex :star7], 12), bg=RGB(.2,.2,.2))
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Groups and Subplots",
+    "",
+    [:(begin
+        group = rand(map(i->"group $i",1:4),100)
+        plot(rand(100), layout=@layout([a b;c]), group=group,
+            linetype=[:bar :scatter :steppre], linecolor = :match)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Polar Plots",
+    "",
+    [:(begin
+        Θ = linspace(0,1.5π,100)
+        r = abs.(0.1randn(100)+sin.(3Θ))
+        plot(Θ, r, proj=:polar, m=2)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Heatmap, categorical axes, and aspect_ratio",
+    "",
+    [:(begin
+        xs = [string("x",i) for i=1:10]
+        ys = [string("y",i) for i=1:4]
+        z = float((1:4)*reshape(1:10,1,:))
+        heatmap(xs, ys, z, aspect_ratio=1)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Layouts, margins, label rotation, title location",
+    "",
+    [:(begin
+        using Plots.PlotMeasures # for Measures, e.g. mm and px
+        plot(rand(100,6),layout=@layout([a b; c]),title=["A" "B" "C"],
+                        title_location=:left, left_margin=[20mm 0mm],
+                        bottom_margin=10px, xrotation=60)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Boxplot and Violin series recipes",
+    "",
+    [:(begin
+        import RDatasets
+        singers = RDatasets.dataset("lattice", "singer")
+        @df singers violin(:VoicePart, :Height, line = 0, fill = (0.2, :blue))
+        @df singers boxplot!(:VoicePart, :Height, line = (2,:black), fill = (0.3, :orange))
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Animation with subplots",
+    "The `layout` macro can be used to create an animation with subplots.",
+    [:(begin
+        l = @layout([[a; b] c])
+        p = plot(plot([sin,cos],1,leg=false),
+        scatter([atan,cos],1,leg=false),
+        plot(log,1,xlims=(1,10π),ylims=(0,5),leg=false),layout=l)
+
+        anim = Animation()
+        for x = linspace(1,10π,100)
+          plot(push!(p,x,Float64[sin(x),cos(x),atan(x),cos(x),log(x)]))
+          frame(anim)
+        end
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Spy",
+"""
+For a matrix `mat` with unique nonzeros `spy(mat)` returns a colorless plot. If `mat` has 
+various different nonzero values, a colorbar is added. The colorbar can be disabled with 
+`legend = nothing`.
+""",
+    [:(begin
+    a = spdiagm((ones(50), ones(49), ones(49), ones(40), ones(40)),(0, 1, -1, 10, -10))
+    b = spdiagm((1:50, 1:49, 1:49, 1:40, 1:40),(0, 1, -1, 10, -10))
+    plot(spy(a), spy(b), title = ["Unique nonzeros" "Different nonzeros"])
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Magic grid argument",
+"""
+The grid lines can be modified individually for each axis with the magic `grid` argument.
+""",
+    [:(begin
+    x = rand(10)
+    p1 = plot(x, title = "Default looks")
+    p2 = plot(x, grid = (:y, :olivedrab, :dot, 1, 0.9), title = "Modified y grid")
+    p3 = plot(deepcopy(p2), title = "Add x grid")
+    xgrid!(p3, :on, :cadetblue, 2, :dashdot, 0.4)
+    plot(p1, p2, p3, layout = (1, 3), label = "", fillrange = 0, fillalpha = 0.3)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Framestyle",
+"""
+The style of the frame/axes of a (sub)plot can be changed with the `framestyle`
+attribute. The default framestyle is `:axes`.
+""",
+    [:(begin
+    scatter(fill(randn(10), 6), fill(randn(10), 6),
+        framestyle = [:box :semi :origin :zerolines :grid :none],
+        title = [":box" ":semi" ":origin" ":zerolines" ":grid" ":none"],
+        color = RowVector(1:6), layout = 6, label = "", markerstrokewidth = 0,
+        ticks = -2:2)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Lines and markers with varying colors",
+"""
+You can use the `line_z` and `marker_z` properties to associate a color with
+each line segment or marker in the plot. 
+""",
+    [:(begin
+        t = linspace(0, 1, 100)
+        θ = 6π .* t
+        x = t .* cos.(θ)
+        y = t .* sin.(θ)
+        p1 = plot(x, y, line_z=t, linewidth=3, legend=false)
+        p2 = scatter(x, y, marker_z=t, color=:bluesreds, legend=false)
+        plot(p1, p2)
+    end)]
+),
+
+]
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# make and display one plot
+function test_examples(pkgname::Symbol, idx::Int; debug = false, disp = true)
+  Plots._debugMode.on = debug
+  info("Testing plot: $pkgname:$idx:$(_examples[idx].header)")
+  backend(pkgname)
+  backend()
+  map(eval, _examples[idx].exprs)
+  plt = current()
+  if disp
+    gui(plt)
+  end
+  plt
+end
+
+# generate all plots and create a dict mapping idx --> plt
+"""
+test_examples(pkgname[, idx]; debug = false, disp = true, sleep = nothing,
+                                        skip = [], only = nothing
+
+Run the `idx` test example for a given backend, or all examples if `idx`
+is not specified.
+"""
+function test_examples(pkgname::Symbol; debug = false, disp = true, sleep = nothing,
+                                        skip = [], only = nothing)
+  Plots._debugMode.on = debug
+  plts = Dict()
+  for i in 1:length(_examples)
+    only != nothing && !(i in only) && continue
+    i in skip && continue
+    try
+      plt = test_examples(pkgname, i, debug=debug, disp=disp)
+      plts[i] = plt
+    catch ex
+      # TODO: put error info into markdown?
+      warn("Example $pkgname:$i:$(_examples[i].header) failed with: $ex")
+    end
+    if sleep != nothing
+        Base.sleep(sleep)
+    end
+  end
+  plts
+end
@@ -0,0 +1,800 @@
+
+# NOTE: (0,0) is the top-left !!!
+
+to_pixels(m::AbsoluteLength) = m.value / 0.254
+
+const _cbar_width = 5mm
+
+Base.broadcast(::typeof(Base.:.*), m::Measure, n::Number) = m * n
+Base.broadcast(::typeof(Base.:.*), m::Number, n::Measure) = m * n
+Base.:-(m::Measure, a::AbstractArray) = map(ai -> m - ai, a)
+Base.:-(a::AbstractArray, m::Measure) = map(ai -> ai - m, a)
+Base.zero(::Type{typeof(mm)}) = 0mm
+Base.one(::Type{typeof(mm)}) = 1mm
+Base.typemin(::typeof(mm)) = -Inf*mm
+Base.typemax(::typeof(mm)) = Inf*mm
+Base.convert(::Type{F}, l::AbsoluteLength) where {F<:AbstractFloat} = convert(F, l.value)
+
+# TODO: these are unintuitive and may cause tricky bugs
+# Base.:+(m1::AbsoluteLength, m2::Length{:pct}) = AbsoluteLength(m1.value * (1 + m2.value))
+# Base.:+(m1::Length{:pct}, m2::AbsoluteLength) = AbsoluteLength(m2.value * (1 + m1.value))
+# Base.:-(m1::AbsoluteLength, m2::Length{:pct}) = AbsoluteLength(m1.value * (1 - m2.value))
+# Base.:-(m1::Length{:pct}, m2::AbsoluteLength) = AbsoluteLength(m2.value * (m1.value - 1))
+
+Base.:*(m1::AbsoluteLength, m2::Length{:pct}) = AbsoluteLength(m1.value * m2.value)
+Base.:*(m1::Length{:pct}, m2::AbsoluteLength) = AbsoluteLength(m2.value * m1.value)
+Base.:/(m1::AbsoluteLength, m2::Length{:pct}) = AbsoluteLength(m1.value / m2.value)
+Base.:/(m1::Length{:pct}, m2::AbsoluteLength) = AbsoluteLength(m2.value / m1.value)
+
+
+Base.zero(::Type{typeof(pct)}) = 0pct
+Base.one(::Type{typeof(pct)}) = 1pct
+Base.typemin(::typeof(pct)) = 0pct
+Base.typemax(::typeof(pct)) = 1pct
+
+const defaultbox = BoundingBox(0mm, 0mm, 0mm, 0mm)
+
+left(bbox::BoundingBox) = bbox.x0[1]
+top(bbox::BoundingBox) = bbox.x0[2]
+right(bbox::BoundingBox) = left(bbox) + width(bbox)
+bottom(bbox::BoundingBox) = top(bbox) + height(bbox)
+Base.size(bbox::BoundingBox) = (width(bbox), height(bbox))
+
+# Base.:*{T,N}(m1::Length{T,N}, m2::Length{T,N}) = Length{T,N}(m1.value * m2.value)
+ispositive(m::Measure) = m.value > 0
+
+# union together bounding boxes
+function Base.:+(bb1::BoundingBox, bb2::BoundingBox)
+    # empty boxes don't change the union
+    ispositive(width(bb1))  || return bb2
+    ispositive(height(bb1)) || return bb2
+    ispositive(width(bb2))  || return bb1
+    ispositive(height(bb2)) || return bb1
+
+    l = min(left(bb1), left(bb2))
+    t = min(top(bb1), top(bb2))
+    r = max(right(bb1), right(bb2))
+    b = max(bottom(bb1), bottom(bb2))
+    BoundingBox(l, t, r-l, b-t)
+end
+
+# this creates a bounding box in the parent's scope, where the child bounding box
+# is relative to the parent
+function crop(parent::BoundingBox, child::BoundingBox)
+    l = left(parent) + left(child)
+    t = top(parent) + top(child)
+    w = width(child)
+    h = height(child)
+    BoundingBox(l, t, w, h)
+end
+
+# convert x,y coordinates from absolute coords to percentages...
+# returns x_pct, y_pct
+function xy_mm_to_pcts(x::AbsoluteLength, y::AbsoluteLength, figw, figh, flipy = true)
+    xmm, ymm = x.value, y.value
+    if flipy
+        ymm = figh.value - ymm  # flip y when origin in bottom-left
+    end
+    xmm / figw.value, ymm / figh.value
+end
+
+# convert a bounding box from absolute coords to percentages...
+# returns an array of percentages of figure size: [left, bottom, width, height]
+function bbox_to_pcts(bb::BoundingBox, figw, figh, flipy = true)
+    mms = Float64[f(bb).value for f in (left,bottom,width,height)]
+    if flipy
+        mms[2] = figh.value - mms[2]  # flip y when origin in bottom-left
+    end
+    mms ./ Float64[figw.value, figh.value, figw.value, figh.value]
+end
+
+function Base.show(io::IO, bbox::BoundingBox)
+    print(io, "BBox{l,t,r,b,w,h = $(left(bbox)),$(top(bbox)), $(right(bbox)),$(bottom(bbox)), $(width(bbox)),$(height(bbox))}")
+end
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+# points combined by x/y, pct, and length
+mutable struct MixedMeasures
+    xy::Float64
+    pct::Float64
+    len::AbsoluteLength
+end
+
+function resolve_mixed(mix::MixedMeasures, sp::Subplot, letter::Symbol)
+    xy = mix.xy
+    pct = mix.pct
+    if mix.len != 0mm
+        f = (letter == :x ? width : height)
+        totlen = f(plotarea(sp))
+        @show totlen
+        pct += mix.len / totlen
+    end
+    if pct != 0
+        amin, amax = axis_limits(sp[Symbol(letter,:axis)])
+        xy += pct * (amax-amin)
+    end
+    xy
+end
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------
+# AbstractLayout
+
+Base.show(io::IO, layout::AbstractLayout) = print(io, "$(typeof(layout))$(size(layout))")
+
+make_measure_hor(n::Number) = n * w
+make_measure_hor(m::Measure) = m
+
+make_measure_vert(n::Number) = n * h
+make_measure_vert(m::Measure) = m
+
+"""
+    bbox(x, y, w, h [,originargs...])
+    bbox(layout)
+
+Create a bounding box for plotting
+"""
+function bbox(x, y, w, h, oarg1::Symbol, originargs::Symbol...)
+    oargs = vcat(oarg1, originargs...)
+    orighor = :left
+    origver = :top
+    for oarg in oargs
+        if oarg == :center
+            orighor = origver = oarg
+        elseif oarg in (:left, :right, :hcenter)
+            orighor = oarg
+        elseif oarg in (:top, :bottom, :vcenter)
+            origver = oarg
+        else
+            warn("Unused origin arg in bbox construction: $oarg")
+        end
+    end
+    bbox(x, y, w, h; h_anchor = orighor, v_anchor = origver)
+end
+
+# create a new bbox
+function bbox(x, y, width, height; h_anchor = :left, v_anchor = :top)
+    x = make_measure_hor(x)
+    y = make_measure_vert(y)
+    width = make_measure_hor(width)
+    height = make_measure_vert(height)
+    left = if h_anchor == :left
+        x
+    elseif h_anchor in (:center, :hcenter)
+        0.5w - 0.5width + x
+    else
+        1w - x - width
+    end
+    top = if v_anchor == :top
+        y
+    elseif v_anchor in (:center, :vcenter)
+        0.5h - 0.5height + y
+    else
+        1h - y - height
+    end
+    BoundingBox(left, top, width, height)
+end
+
+# this is the available area for drawing everything in this layout... as percentages of total canvas
+bbox(layout::AbstractLayout) = layout.bbox
+bbox!(layout::AbstractLayout, bb::BoundingBox) = (layout.bbox = bb)
+
+# layouts are recursive, tree-like structures, and most will have a parent field
+Base.parent(layout::AbstractLayout) = layout.parent
+parent_bbox(layout::AbstractLayout) = bbox(parent(layout))
+
+# padding_w(layout::AbstractLayout) = left_padding(layout) + right_padding(layout)
+# padding_h(layout::AbstractLayout) = bottom_padding(layout) + top_padding(layout)
+# padding(layout::AbstractLayout) = (padding_w(layout), padding_h(layout))
+
+update_position!(layout::AbstractLayout) = nothing
+update_child_bboxes!(layout::AbstractLayout, minimum_perimeter = [0mm,0mm,0mm,0mm]) = nothing
+
+left(layout::AbstractLayout) = left(bbox(layout))
+top(layout::AbstractLayout) = top(bbox(layout))
+right(layout::AbstractLayout) = right(bbox(layout))
+bottom(layout::AbstractLayout) = bottom(bbox(layout))
+width(layout::AbstractLayout) = width(bbox(layout))
+height(layout::AbstractLayout) = height(bbox(layout))
+
+# pass these through to the bbox methods if there's no plotarea
+plotarea(layout::AbstractLayout) = bbox(layout)
+plotarea!(layout::AbstractLayout, bb::BoundingBox) = bbox!(layout, bb)
+
+attr(layout::AbstractLayout, k::Symbol) = layout.attr[k]
+attr(layout::AbstractLayout, k::Symbol, v) = get(layout.attr, k, v)
+attr!(layout::AbstractLayout, v, k::Symbol) = (layout.attr[k] = v)
+hasattr(layout::AbstractLayout, k::Symbol) = haskey(layout.attr, k)
+
+leftpad(layout::AbstractLayout)   = 0mm
+toppad(layout::AbstractLayout)    = 0mm
+rightpad(layout::AbstractLayout)  = 0mm
+bottompad(layout::AbstractLayout) = 0mm
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------
+# RootLayout
+
+# this is the parent of the top-level layout
+struct RootLayout <: AbstractLayout end
+
+Base.parent(::RootLayout) = nothing
+parent_bbox(::RootLayout) = defaultbox
+bbox(::RootLayout) = defaultbox
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------
+# EmptyLayout
+
+# contains blank space
+mutable struct EmptyLayout <: AbstractLayout
+    parent::AbstractLayout
+    bbox::BoundingBox
+    attr::KW  # store label, width, and height for initialization
+    # label  # this is the label that the subplot will take (since we create a layout before initialization)
+end
+EmptyLayout(parent = RootLayout(); kw...) = EmptyLayout(parent, defaultbox, KW(kw))
+
+Base.size(layout::EmptyLayout) = (0,0)
+Base.length(layout::EmptyLayout) = 0
+Base.getindex(layout::EmptyLayout, r::Int, c::Int) = nothing
+
+_update_min_padding!(layout::EmptyLayout) = nothing
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------
+# GridLayout
+
+# nested, gridded layout with optional size percentages
+mutable struct GridLayout <: AbstractLayout
+    parent::AbstractLayout
+    minpad::Tuple # leftpad, toppad, rightpad, bottompad
+    bbox::BoundingBox
+    grid::Matrix{AbstractLayout} # Nested layouts. Each position is a AbstractLayout, which allows for arbitrary recursion
+    widths::Vector{Measure}
+    heights::Vector{Measure}
+    attr::KW
+end
+
+"""
+    grid(args...; kw...)
+
+Create a grid layout for subplots. `args` specify the dimensions, e.g.
+`grid(3,2, widths = (0.6,04))` creates a grid with three rows and two
+columns of different width.
+"""
+grid(args...; kw...) = GridLayout(args...; kw...)
+
+function GridLayout(dims...;
+                    parent = RootLayout(),
+                    widths = zeros(dims[2]),
+                    heights = zeros(dims[1]),
+                    kw...)
+    grid = Matrix{AbstractLayout}(dims...)
+    layout = GridLayout(
+        parent,
+        (20mm, 5mm, 2mm, 10mm),
+        defaultbox,
+        grid,
+        Measure[w*pct for w in widths],
+        Measure[h*pct for h in heights],
+        # convert(Vector{Float64}, widths),
+        # convert(Vector{Float64}, heights),
+        KW(kw))
+    for i in eachindex(grid)
+        grid[i] = EmptyLayout(layout)
+    end
+    layout
+end
+
+Base.size(layout::GridLayout) = size(layout.grid)
+Base.length(layout::GridLayout) = length(layout.grid)
+Base.getindex(layout::GridLayout, r::Int, c::Int) = layout.grid[r,c]
+function Base.setindex!(layout::GridLayout, v, r::Int, c::Int)
+    layout.grid[r,c] = v
+end
+
+leftpad(layout::GridLayout)   = layout.minpad[1]
+toppad(layout::GridLayout)    = layout.minpad[2]
+rightpad(layout::GridLayout)  = layout.minpad[3]
+bottompad(layout::GridLayout) = layout.minpad[4]
+
+
+# here's how this works... first we recursively "update the minimum padding" (which
+# means to calculate the minimum size needed from the edge of the subplot to plot area)
+# for the whole layout tree.  then we can compute the "padding borders" of this
+# layout as the biggest padding of the children on the perimeter.  then we need to
+# recursively pass those borders back down the tree, one side at a time, but ONLY
+# to those perimeter children.
+
+# leftpad, toppad, rightpad, bottompad
+function _update_min_padding!(layout::GridLayout)
+    map(_update_min_padding!, layout.grid)
+    layout.minpad = (
+        maximum(map(leftpad,   layout.grid[:,1])),
+        maximum(map(toppad,    layout.grid[1,:])),
+        maximum(map(rightpad,  layout.grid[:,end])),
+        maximum(map(bottompad, layout.grid[end,:]))
+    )
+end
+
+
+function update_position!(layout::GridLayout)
+    map(update_position!, layout.grid)
+end
+
+# some lengths are fixed... we have to split up the free space among the list v
+function recompute_lengths(v)
+    # dump(v)
+    tot = 0pct
+    cnt = 0
+    for vi in v
+        if vi == 0pct
+            cnt += 1
+        else
+            tot += vi
+        end
+    end
+    leftover = 1.0pct - tot
+    if cnt > 1 && leftover.value <= 0
+        error("Not enough length left over in layout!  v = $v, cnt = $cnt, leftover = $leftover")
+    end
+
+    # now fill in the blanks
+    Measure[(vi == 0pct ? leftover / cnt : vi) for vi in v]
+end
+
+# recursively compute the bounding boxes for the layout and plotarea (relative to canvas!)
+function update_child_bboxes!(layout::GridLayout, minimum_perimeter = [0mm,0mm,0mm,0mm])
+    nr, nc = size(layout)
+
+    # # create a matrix for each minimum padding direction
+    # _update_min_padding!(layout)
+
+    minpad_left   = map(leftpad,   layout.grid)
+    minpad_top    = map(toppad,    layout.grid)
+    minpad_right  = map(rightpad,  layout.grid)
+    minpad_bottom = map(bottompad, layout.grid)
+
+    # get the max horizontal (left and right) padding over columns,
+    # and max vertical (bottom and top) padding over rows
+    # TODO: add extra padding here
+    pad_left   = maximum(minpad_left,   1)
+    pad_top    = maximum(minpad_top,    2)
+    pad_right  = maximum(minpad_right,  1)
+    pad_bottom = maximum(minpad_bottom, 2)
+
+    # make sure the perimeter match the parent
+    pad_left[1]     = max(pad_left[1], minimum_perimeter[1])
+    pad_top[1]      = max(pad_top[1], minimum_perimeter[2])
+    pad_right[end]  = max(pad_right[end], minimum_perimeter[3])
+    pad_bottom[end] = max(pad_bottom[end], minimum_perimeter[4])
+
+    # scale this up to the total padding in each direction
+    total_pad_horizontal = sum(pad_left + pad_right)
+    total_pad_vertical   = sum(pad_top + pad_bottom)
+
+    # now we can compute the total plot area in each direction
+    total_plotarea_horizontal = width(layout)  - total_pad_horizontal
+    total_plotarea_vertical   = height(layout) - total_pad_vertical
+
+    # recompute widths/heights
+    layout.widths = recompute_lengths(layout.widths)
+    layout.heights = recompute_lengths(layout.heights)
+
+    # normalize widths/heights so they sum to 1
+    # denom_w = sum(layout.widths)
+    # denom_h = sum(layout.heights)
+
+    # we have all the data we need... lets compute the plot areas and set the bounding boxes
+    for r=1:nr, c=1:nc
+        child = layout[r,c]
+
+        # get the top-left corner of this child... the first one is top-left of the parent (i.e. layout)
+        child_left = (c == 1 ? left(layout.bbox) : right(layout[r, c-1].bbox))
+        child_top  = (r == 1 ? top(layout.bbox) : bottom(layout[r-1, c].bbox))
+
+        # compute plot area
+        plotarea_left   = child_left + pad_left[c]
+        plotarea_top    = child_top + pad_top[r]
+        plotarea_width  = total_plotarea_horizontal * layout.widths[c]
+        plotarea_height = total_plotarea_vertical * layout.heights[r]
+        plotarea!(child, BoundingBox(plotarea_left, plotarea_top, plotarea_width, plotarea_height))
+
+        # compute child bbox
+        child_width  = pad_left[c] + plotarea_width + pad_right[c]
+        child_height = pad_top[r] + plotarea_height + pad_bottom[r]
+        bbox!(child, BoundingBox(child_left, child_top, child_width, child_height))
+
+        # this is the minimum perimeter as decided by this child's parent, so that
+        # all children on this border have the same value
+        min_child_perimeter = [
+            c == 1  ? layout.minpad[1] : 0mm,
+            r == 1  ? layout.minpad[2] : 0mm,
+            c == nc ? layout.minpad[3] : 0mm,
+            r == nr ? layout.minpad[4] : 0mm
+        ]
+
+        # recursively update the child's children
+        update_child_bboxes!(child, min_child_perimeter)
+    end
+end
+
+# for each inset (floating) subplot, resolve the relative position
+# to absolute canvas coordinates, relative to the parent's plotarea
+function update_inset_bboxes!(plt::Plot)
+    for sp in plt.inset_subplots
+        p_area = Measures.resolve(plotarea(sp.parent), sp[:relative_bbox])
+        plotarea!(sp, p_area)
+
+        bbox!(sp, bbox(
+            left(p_area) - leftpad(sp),
+            top(p_area) - toppad(sp),
+            width(p_area) + leftpad(sp) + rightpad(sp),
+            height(p_area) + toppad(sp) + bottompad(sp)
+        ))
+    end
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+calc_num_subplots(layout::AbstractLayout) = 1
+function calc_num_subplots(layout::GridLayout)
+    tot = 0
+    for l in layout.grid
+        tot += calc_num_subplots(l)
+    end
+    tot
+end
+
+function compute_gridsize(numplts::Int, nr::Int, nc::Int)
+    # figure out how many rows/columns we need
+    if nr < 1
+        if nc < 1
+            nr = round(Int, sqrt(numplts))
+            nc = ceil(Int, numplts / nr)
+        else
+            nr = ceil(Int, numplts / nc)
+        end
+    else
+        nc = ceil(Int, numplts / nr)
+    end
+    nr, nc
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# constructors
+
+# pass the layout arg through
+function layout_args(d::KW)
+    layout_args(get(d, :layout, default(:layout)))
+end
+
+function layout_args(d::KW, n_override::Integer)
+    layout, n = layout_args(get(d, :layout, n_override))
+    if n != n_override
+        error("When doing layout, n ($n) != n_override ($(n_override)).  You're probably trying to force existing plots into a layout that doesn't fit them.")
+    end
+    layout, n
+end
+
+function layout_args(n::Integer)
+    nr, nc = compute_gridsize(n, -1, -1)
+    GridLayout(nr, nc), n
+end
+
+function layout_args(sztup::NTuple{2,I}) where I<:Integer
+    nr, nc = sztup
+    GridLayout(nr, nc), nr*nc
+end
+
+function layout_args(sztup::NTuple{3,I}) where I<:Integer
+    n, nr, nc = sztup
+    nr, nc = compute_gridsize(n, nr, nc)
+    GridLayout(nr, nc), n
+end
+
+# compute number of subplots
+function layout_args(layout::GridLayout)
+    # recursively get the size of the grid
+    n = calc_num_subplots(layout)
+    layout, n
+end
+
+layout_args(huh) = error("unhandled layout type $(typeof(huh)): $huh")
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+function build_layout(args...)
+    layout, n = layout_args(args...)
+    build_layout(layout, n)
+end
+
+# # just a single subplot
+# function build_layout(sp::Subplot, n::Integer)
+#     sp, Subplot[sp], SubplotMap(gensym() => sp)
+# end
+
+# n is the number of subplots... build a grid and initialize the inner subplots recursively
+function build_layout(layout::GridLayout, n::Integer)
+    nr, nc = size(layout)
+    subplots = Subplot[]
+    spmap = SubplotMap()
+    i = 0
+    for r=1:nr, c=1:nc
+        l = layout[r,c]
+        if isa(l, EmptyLayout) && !get(l.attr, :blank, false)
+            sp = Subplot(backend(), parent=layout)
+            layout[r,c] = sp
+            push!(subplots, sp)
+            spmap[attr(l,:label,gensym())] = sp
+            if get(l.attr, :width, :auto) != :auto
+                layout.widths[c] = attr(l,:width)
+            end
+            if get(l.attr, :height, :auto) != :auto
+                layout.heights[r] = attr(l,:height)
+            end
+            i += 1
+        elseif isa(l, GridLayout)
+            # sub-grid
+            if get(l.attr, :width, :auto) != :auto
+                layout.widths[c] = attr(l,:width)
+            end
+            if get(l.attr, :height, :auto) != :auto
+                layout.heights[r] = attr(l,:height)
+            end
+            l, sps, m = build_layout(l, n-i)
+            append!(subplots, sps)
+            merge!(spmap, m)
+            i += length(sps)
+        elseif isa(l, Subplot)
+            error("Subplot exists. Cannot re-use existing layout.  Please make a new one.")
+        end
+        i >= n && break  # only add n subplots
+    end
+
+    layout, subplots, spmap
+end
+
+# build a layout from a list of existing Plot objects
+# TODO... much of the logic overlaps with the method above... can we merge?
+function build_layout(layout::GridLayout, numsp::Integer, plts::AVec{Plot})
+    nr, nc = size(layout)
+    subplots = Subplot[]
+    spmap = SubplotMap()
+    i = 0
+    for r=1:nr, c=1:nc
+        l = layout[r,c]
+        if isa(l, EmptyLayout) && !get(l.attr, :blank, false)
+            plt = shift!(plts)  # grab the first plot out of the list
+            layout[r,c] = plt.layout
+            append!(subplots, plt.subplots)
+            merge!(spmap, plt.spmap)
+            if get(l.attr, :width, :auto) != :auto
+                layout.widths[c] = attr(l,:width)
+            end
+            if get(l.attr, :height, :auto) != :auto
+                layout.heights[r] = attr(l,:height)
+            end
+            i += length(plt.subplots)
+        elseif isa(l, GridLayout)
+            # sub-grid
+            if get(l.attr, :width, :auto) != :auto
+                layout.widths[c] = attr(l,:width)
+            end
+            if get(l.attr, :height, :auto) != :auto
+                layout.heights[r] = attr(l,:height)
+            end
+            l, sps, m = build_layout(l, numsp-i, plts)
+            append!(subplots, sps)
+            merge!(spmap, m)
+            i += length(sps)
+        end
+        i >= numsp && break  # only add n subplots
+    end
+    layout, subplots, spmap
+end
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# @layout macro
+
+function add_layout_pct!(kw::KW, v::Expr, idx::Integer, nidx::Integer)
+    # dump(v)
+    # something like {0.2w}?
+    if v.head == :call && v.args[1] == :*
+        num = v.args[2]
+        if length(v.args) == 3 && isa(num, Number)
+            units = v.args[3]
+            if units == :h
+                return kw[:h] = num*pct
+            elseif units == :w
+                return kw[:w] = num*pct
+            elseif units in (:pct, :px, :mm, :cm, :inch)
+                idx == 1 && (kw[:w] = v)
+                (idx == 2 || nidx == 1) && (kw[:h] = v)
+                # return kw[idx == 1 ? :w : :h] = v
+            end
+        end
+    end
+    error("Couldn't match layout curly (idx=$idx): $v")
+end
+
+function add_layout_pct!(kw::KW, v::Number, idx::Integer)
+    # kw[idx == 1 ? :w : :h] = v*pct
+    idx == 1 && (kw[:w] = v*pct)
+    (idx == 2 || nidx == 1) && (kw[:h] = v*pct)
+end
+
+isrow(v) = isa(v, Expr) && v.head in (:hcat,:row)
+iscol(v) = isa(v, Expr) && v.head == :vcat
+rowsize(v) = isrow(v) ? length(v.args) : 1
+
+
+function create_grid(expr::Expr)
+    if iscol(expr)
+        create_grid_vcat(expr)
+    elseif isrow(expr)
+        :(let cell = GridLayout(1, $(length(expr.args)))
+            $([:(cell[1,$i] = $(create_grid(v))) for (i,v) in enumerate(expr.args)]...)
+            cell
+        end)
+
+    elseif expr.head == :curly
+        create_grid_curly(expr)
+    else
+        # if it's something else, just return that (might be an existing layout?)
+        esc(expr)
+    end
+end
+
+function create_grid_vcat(expr::Expr)
+    rowsizes = map(rowsize, expr.args)
+    rmin, rmax = extrema(rowsizes)
+    if rmin > 0 && rmin == rmax
+        # we have a grid... build the whole thing
+        # note: rmin is the number of columns
+        nr = length(expr.args)
+        nc = rmin
+        body = Expr(:block)
+        for r=1:nr
+            arg = expr.args[r]
+            if isrow(arg)
+                for (c,item) in enumerate(arg.args)
+                    push!(body.args, :(cell[$r,$c] = $(create_grid(item))))
+                end
+            else
+                push!(body.args, :(cell[$r,1] = $(create_grid(arg))))
+            end
+        end
+        :(let cell = GridLayout($nr, $nc)
+            $body
+            cell
+        end)
+    else
+        # otherwise just build one row at a time
+        :(let cell = GridLayout($(length(expr.args)), 1)
+            $([:(cell[$i,1] = $(create_grid(v))) for (i,v) in enumerate(expr.args)]...)
+            cell
+        end)
+    end
+end
+
+function create_grid_curly(expr::Expr)
+    kw = KW()
+    for (i,arg) in enumerate(expr.args[2:end])
+        add_layout_pct!(kw, arg, i, length(expr.args)-1)
+    end
+    s = expr.args[1]
+    if isa(s, Expr) && s.head == :call && s.args[1] == :grid
+        create_grid(:(grid($(s.args[2:end]...), width = $(get(kw, :w, QuoteNode(:auto))), height = $(get(kw, :h, QuoteNode(:auto))))))
+    elseif isa(s, Symbol)
+        :(EmptyLayout(label = $(QuoteNode(s)), width = $(get(kw, :w, QuoteNode(:auto))), height = $(get(kw, :h, QuoteNode(:auto)))))
+    else
+        error("Unknown use of curly brackets: $expr")
+    end
+end
+
+function create_grid(s::Symbol)
+    :(EmptyLayout(label = $(QuoteNode(s)), blank = $(s == :_)))
+end
+
+macro layout(mat::Expr)
+    create_grid(mat)
+end
+
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# make all reference the same axis extrema/values.
+# merge subplot lists.
+function link_axes!(axes::Axis...)
+    a1 = axes[1]
+    for i=2:length(axes)
+        a2 = axes[i]
+        expand_extrema!(a1, ignorenan_extrema(a2))
+        for k in (:extrema, :discrete_values, :continuous_values, :discrete_map)
+            a2[k] = a1[k]
+        end
+
+        # make a2's subplot list refer to a1's and add any missing values
+        sps2 = a2.sps
+        for sp in sps2
+            sp in a1.sps || push!(a1.sps, sp)
+        end
+        a2.sps = a1.sps
+    end
+end
+
+# figure out which subplots to link
+function link_subplots(a::AbstractArray{AbstractLayout}, axissym::Symbol)
+    subplots = []
+    for l in a
+        if isa(l, Subplot)
+            push!(subplots, l)
+        elseif isa(l, GridLayout) && size(l) == (1,1)
+            push!(subplots, l[1,1])
+        end
+    end
+    subplots
+end
+
+# for some vector or matrix of layouts, filter only the Subplots and link those axes
+function link_axes!(a::AbstractArray{AbstractLayout}, axissym::Symbol)
+    subplots = link_subplots(a, axissym)
+    axes = [sp.attr[axissym] for sp in subplots]
+    if length(axes) > 0
+        link_axes!(axes...)
+    end
+end
+
+# don't do anything for most layout types
+function link_axes!(l::AbstractLayout, link::Symbol)
+end
+
+# process a GridLayout, recursively linking axes according to the link symbol
+function link_axes!(layout::GridLayout, link::Symbol)
+    nr, nc = size(layout)
+    if link in (:x, :both)
+        for c=1:nc
+            link_axes!(layout.grid[:,c], :xaxis)
+        end
+    end
+    if link in (:y, :both)
+        for r=1:nr
+            link_axes!(layout.grid[r,:], :yaxis)
+        end
+    end
+    if link == :square
+        sps = filter(l -> isa(l, Subplot), layout.grid)
+        if !isempty(sps)
+            base_axis = sps[1][:xaxis]
+            for sp in sps
+                link_axes!(base_axis, sp[:xaxis])
+                link_axes!(base_axis, sp[:yaxis])
+            end
+        end
+    end
+    if link == :all
+        link_axes!(layout.grid, :xaxis)
+        link_axes!(layout.grid, :yaxis)
+    end
+    for l in layout.grid
+        link_axes!(l, link)
+    end
+end
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"Adds a new, empty subplot overlayed on top of `sp`, with a mirrored y-axis and linked x-axis."
+function twinx(sp::Subplot)
+    sp[:right_margin] = max(sp[:right_margin], 30px)
+    plot!(sp.plt, inset = (sp[:subplot_index], bbox(0,0,1,1)))
+    twinsp = sp.plt.subplots[end]
+    twinsp[:yaxis][:mirror] = true
+    twinsp[:background_color_inside] = RGBA{Float64}(0,0,0,0)
+    link_axes!(sp[:xaxis], twinsp[:xaxis])
+    twinsp
+end
+
+twinx(plt::Plot = current()) = twinx(plt[1])
@@ -1,63 +1,82 @@


-defaultOutputFormat(plt::PlottingObject) = "png"
+defaultOutputFormat(plt::Plot) = "png"

-function png(plt::PlottingObject, fn::@compat(AbstractString))
+function png(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
  fn = addExtension(fn, "png")
  io = open(fn, "w")
-  writemime(io, MIME("image/png"), plt)
+  show(io, MIME("image/png"), plt)
  close(io)
 end
-png(fn::@compat(AbstractString)) = png(current(), fn)
+png(fn::AbstractString) = png(current(), fn)

-function svg(plt::PlottingObject, fn::@compat(AbstractString))
+function svg(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
  fn = addExtension(fn, "svg")
  io = open(fn, "w")
-  writemime(io, MIME("image/svg+xml"), plt)
+  show(io, MIME("image/svg+xml"), plt)
  close(io)
 end
-svg(fn::@compat(AbstractString)) = svg(current(), fn)
+svg(fn::AbstractString) = svg(current(), fn)


-function pdf(plt::PlottingObject, fn::@compat(AbstractString))
+function pdf(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
  fn = addExtension(fn, "pdf")
  io = open(fn, "w")
-  writemime(io, MIME("application/pdf"), plt)
+  show(io, MIME("application/pdf"), plt)
  close(io)
 end
-pdf(fn::@compat(AbstractString)) = pdf(current(), fn)
+pdf(fn::AbstractString) = pdf(current(), fn)


-function ps(plt::PlottingObject, fn::@compat(AbstractString))
+function ps(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
  fn = addExtension(fn, "ps")
  io = open(fn, "w")
-  writemime(io, MIME("application/postscript"), plt)
+  show(io, MIME("application/postscript"), plt)
  close(io)
 end
-ps(fn::@compat(AbstractString)) = ps(current(), fn)
+ps(fn::AbstractString) = ps(current(), fn)

+function eps(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
+  fn = addExtension(fn, "eps")
+  io = open(fn, "w")
+  show(io, MIME("image/eps"), plt)
+  close(io)
+end
+eps(fn::AbstractString) = eps(current(), fn)

-function tex(plt::PlottingObject, fn::@compat(AbstractString))
+function tex(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
  fn = addExtension(fn, "tex")
  io = open(fn, "w")
-  writemime(io, MIME("application/x-tex"), plt)
+  show(io, MIME("application/x-tex"), plt)
  close(io)
 end
-tex(fn::@compat(AbstractString)) = tex(current(), fn)
+tex(fn::AbstractString) = tex(current(), fn)
+
+function html(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
+    fn = addExtension(fn, "html")
+    io = open(fn, "w")
+    _use_remote[] = true
+    show(io, MIME("text/html"), plt)
+    _use_remote[] = false
+    close(io)
+end
+html(fn::AbstractString) = html(current(), fn)


 # ----------------------------------------------------------------


-@compat const _savemap = Dict(
+const _savemap = Dict(
    "png" => png,
    "svg" => svg,
    "pdf" => pdf,
    "ps"  => ps,
+    "eps" => eps,
    "tex" => tex,
+    "html" => html,
  )

-function getExtension(fn::@compat(AbstractString))
+function getExtension(fn::AbstractString)
  pieces = split(fn, ".")
  length(pieces) > 1 || error("Can't extract file extension: ", fn)
  ext = pieces[end]
@@ -65,7 +84,7 @@ function getExtension(fn::@compat(AbstractString))
  ext
 end

-function addExtension(fn::@compat(AbstractString), ext::@compat(AbstractString))
+function addExtension(fn::AbstractString, ext::AbstractString)
  try
    oldext = getExtension(fn)
    if oldext == ext
@@ -78,8 +97,15 @@ function addExtension(fn::@compat(AbstractString), ext::@compat(AbstractString))
  end
 end

-function savefig(plt::PlottingObject, fn::@compat(AbstractString))
-  
+"""
+    savefig([plot,] filename)
+
+Save a Plot (the current plot if `plot` is not passed) to file. The file
+type is inferred from the file extension. All backends support png and pdf
+file types, some also support svg, ps, eps, html and tex.
+"""
+function savefig(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
+
  # get the extension
  local ext
  try
@@ -96,24 +122,240 @@ function savefig(plt::PlottingObject, fn::@compat(AbstractString))
  end
  func(plt, fn)
 end
-savefig(fn::@compat(AbstractString)) = savefig(current(), fn)
-
-
-# savepng(args...; kw...) = savepng(current(), args...; kw...)
-# savepng(plt::PlottingObject, fn::@compat(AbstractString); kw...) = (io = open(fn, "w"); writemime(io, MIME("image/png"), plt); close(io))
-
-
+savefig(fn::AbstractString) = savefig(current(), fn)


 # ---------------------------------------------------------
+"""
+    gui([plot])

-gui(plt::PlottingObject = current()) = display(PlotsDisplay(), plt)
+Display a plot using the backends' gui window
+"""
+gui(plt::Plot = current()) = display(PlotsDisplay(), plt)

+# IJulia only... inline display
+function inline(plt::Plot = current())
+    isijulia() || error("inline() is IJulia-only")
+    Main.IJulia.clear_output(true)
+    display(Main.IJulia.InlineDisplay(), plt)
+end
+
+function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot)
+    prepare_output(plt)
+    _display(plt)
+end

 # override the REPL display to open a gui window
-Base.display(::Base.REPL.REPLDisplay, ::MIME"text/plain", plt::PlottingObject) = gui(plt)
+Base.display(::Base.REPL.REPLDisplay, ::MIME"text/plain", plt::Plot) = gui(plt)

-# a backup for html... passes to svg
-function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::PlottingObject)
-  writemime(io, MIME("image/svg+xml"), plt)
+
+_do_plot_show(plt, showval::Bool) = showval && gui(plt)
+function _do_plot_show(plt, showval::Symbol)
+    showval == :gui && gui(plt)
+    showval in (:inline,:ijulia) && inline(plt)
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+const _best_html_output_type = KW(
+    :pyplot => :png,
+    :unicodeplots => :txt,
+    :glvisualize => :png,
+    :plotlyjs => :html,
+    :plotly => :html
+)
+
+# a backup for html... passes to svg or png depending on the html_output_format arg
+function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot)
+    output_type = Symbol(plt.attr[:html_output_format])
+    if output_type == :auto
+        output_type = get(_best_html_output_type, backend_name(plt.backend), :svg)
+    end
+    if output_type == :png
+        # info("writing png to html output")
+        print(io, "<img src=\"data:image/png;base64,", base64encode(show, MIME("image/png"), plt), "\" />")
+    elseif output_type == :svg
+        # info("writing svg to html output")
+        show(io, MIME("image/svg+xml"), plt)
+    elseif output_type == :txt
+        show(io, MIME("text/plain"), plt)
+    else
+        error("only png or svg allowed. got: $(repr(output_type))")
+    end
+end
+
+# delegate mimewritable (showable on julia 0.7) to _show instead
+function Base.mimewritable(m::M, plt::P) where {M<:MIME, P<:Plot}
+    return method_exists(_show, Tuple{IO, M, P})
+end
+
+function _display(plt::Plot)
+    warn("_display is not defined for this backend.")
+end
+
+# for writing to io streams... first prepare, then callback
+for mime in ("text/plain", "text/html", "image/png", "image/eps", "image/svg+xml",
+             "application/eps", "application/pdf", "application/postscript",
+             "application/x-tex")
+    @eval function Base.show(io::IO, m::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot)
+        prepare_output(plt)
+        _show(io, m, plt)
+    end
+end
+
+# default text/plain for all backends
+_show(io::IO, ::MIME{Symbol("text/plain")}, plt::Plot) = show(io, plt)
+
+"Close all open gui windows of the current backend"
+closeall() = closeall(backend())
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+# A backup, if no PNG generation is defined, is to try to make a PDF and use FileIO to convert
+
+const PDFBackends = Union{PGFPlotsBackend,PlotlyJSBackend,PyPlotBackend,InspectDRBackend,GRBackend}
+if is_installed("FileIO")
+    @eval import FileIO
+    function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{<:PDFBackends})
+        fn = tempname()
+
+        # first save a pdf file
+        pdf(plt, fn)
+
+        # load that pdf into a FileIO Stream
+        s = FileIO.load(fn * ".pdf")
+
+        # save a png
+        pngfn = fn * ".png"
+        FileIO.save(pngfn, s)
+
+        # now write from the file
+        write(io, readstring(open(pngfn)))
+    end
+end
+
+# function html_output_format(fmt)
+#     if fmt == "png"
+#         @eval function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot)
+#             print(io, "<img src=\"data:image/png;base64,", base64(show, MIME("image/png"), plt), "\" />")
+#         end
+#     elseif fmt == "svg"
+#         @eval function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot)
+#             show(io, MIME("image/svg+xml"), plt)
+#         end
+#     else
+#         error("only png or svg allowed. got: $fmt")
+#     end
+# end
+#
+# html_output_format("svg")
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+# IJulia
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+@require IJulia begin
+    if IJulia.inited
+
+        """
+        Add extra jupyter mimetypes to display_dict based on the plot backed.
+
+        The default is nothing, except for plotly based backends, where it
+        adds data for `application/vnd.plotly.v1+json` that is used in
+        frontends like jupyterlab and nteract.
+        """
+        _extra_mime_info!(plt::Plot, out::Dict) = out
+        function _extra_mime_info!(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}, out::Dict)
+            out["application/vnd.plotly.v1+json"] = JSON.lower(plt.o)
+            out
+        end
+
+        function _extra_mime_info!(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}, out::Dict)
+            out["application/vnd.plotly.v1+json"] = Dict(
+                :data => plotly_series(plt),
+                :layout => plotly_layout(plt)
+            )
+            out
+        end
+
+        function IJulia.display_dict(plt::Plot)
+            output_type = Symbol(plt.attr[:html_output_format])
+            if output_type == :auto
+                output_type = get(_best_html_output_type, backend_name(plt.backend), :svg)
+            end
+            out = Dict()
+            if output_type == :txt
+                mime = "text/plain"
+                out[mime] = sprint(show, MIME(mime), plt)
+            elseif output_type == :png
+                mime = "image/png"
+                out[mime] = base64encode(show, MIME(mime), plt)
+            elseif output_type == :svg
+                mime = "image/svg+xml"
+                out[mime] = sprint(show, MIME(mime), plt)
+            elseif output_type == :html
+                mime = "text/html"
+                out[mime] = sprint(show, MIME(mime), plt)
+            else
+                error("Unsupported output type $output_type")
+            end
+            _extra_mime_info!(plt, out)
+            out
+        end
+
+        ENV["MPLBACKEND"] = "Agg"
+    end
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+# Atom PlotPane
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+@require Juno begin
+    import Hiccup, Media
+
+    if Juno.isactive()
+        Media.media(Plot, Media.Plot)
+
+        function Juno.render(e::Juno.Editor, plt::Plot)
+            Juno.render(e, nothing)
+        end
+
+        if get(ENV, "PLOTS_USE_ATOM_PLOTPANE", true) in (true, 1, "1", "true", "yes")
+            function Juno.render(pane::Juno.PlotPane, plt::Plot)
+                # temporarily overwrite size to be Atom.plotsize
+                sz = plt[:size]
+                dpi = plt[:dpi]
+                thickness_scaling = plt[:thickness_scaling]
+                jsize = Juno.plotsize()
+                jsize[1] == 0 && (jsize[1] = 400)
+                jsize[2] == 0 && (jsize[2] = 500)
+
+                scale = minimum(jsize[i] / sz[i] for i in 1:2)
+                plt[:size] = (s * scale for s in sz)
+                plt[:dpi] = Plots.DPI
+                plt[:thickness_scaling] *= scale
+                Juno.render(pane, HTML(stringmime(MIME("text/html"), plt)))
+                plt[:size] = sz
+                plt[:dpi] = dpi
+                plt[:thickness_scaling] = thickness_scaling
+            end
+            # special handling for PlotlyJS
+            function Juno.render(pane::Juno.PlotPane, plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+                display(Plots.PlotsDisplay(), plt)
+            end
+        else
+            function Juno.render(pane::Juno.PlotPane, plt::Plot)
+                display(Plots.PlotsDisplay(), plt)
+                s = "PlotPane turned off.  Unset ENV[\"PLOTS_USE_ATOM_PLOTPANE\"] and restart Julia to enable it."
+                Juno.render(pane, HTML(s))
+            end
+        end
+
+        # special handling for plotly... use PlotsDisplay
+        function Juno.render(pane::Juno.PlotPane, plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
+            display(Plots.PlotsDisplay(), plt)
+            s = "PlotPane turned off.  The plotly backend cannot render in the PlotPane due to javascript issues. Plotlyjs is similar to plotly and is compatible with the plot pane."
+            Juno.render(pane, HTML(s))
+        end
+    end
 end
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# preprocessing
+
+function command_idx(kw_list::AVec{KW}, kw::KW)
+    Int(kw[:series_plotindex]) - Int(kw_list[1][:series_plotindex]) + 1
+end
+
+function _expand_seriestype_array(d::KW, args)
+    sts = get(d, :seriestype, :path)
+    if typeof(sts) <: AbstractArray
+        delete!(d, :seriestype)
+        RecipeData[begin
+            dc = copy(d)
+            dc[:seriestype] = sts[r:r,:]
+            RecipeData(dc, args)
+        end for r=1:size(sts,1)]
+    else
+        RecipeData[RecipeData(copy(d), args)]
+    end
+end
+
+function _preprocess_args(d::KW, args, still_to_process::Vector{RecipeData})
+    # the grouping mechanism is a recipe on a GroupBy object
+    # we simply add the GroupBy object to the front of the args list to allow
+    # the recipe to be applied
+    if haskey(d, :group)
+        args = (extractGroupArgs(d[:group], args...), args...)
+    end
+
+    # if we were passed a vector/matrix of seriestypes and there's more than one row,
+    # we want to duplicate the inputs, once for each seriestype row.
+    if !isempty(args)
+        append!(still_to_process, _expand_seriestype_array(d, args))
+    end
+
+    # remove subplot and axis args from d... they will be passed through in the kw_list
+    if !isempty(args)
+        for (k,v) in d
+            for defdict in (_subplot_defaults,
+                            _axis_defaults,
+                            _axis_defaults_byletter)
+                if haskey(defdict, k)
+                    delete!(d, k)
+                end
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    args
+end
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# user recipes
+
+
+function _process_userrecipes(plt::Plot, d::KW, args)
+    still_to_process = RecipeData[]
+    args = _preprocess_args(d, args, still_to_process)
+
+    # for plotting recipes, swap out the args and update the parameter dictionary
+    # we are keeping a stack of series that still need to be processed.
+    # each pass through the loop, we pop one off and apply the recipe.
+    # the recipe will return a list a Series objects... the ones that are
+    # finished (no more args) get added to the kw_list, the ones that are not
+    # are placed on top of the stack and are then processed further.
+    kw_list = KW[]
+    while !isempty(still_to_process)
+        # grab the first in line to be processed and either add it to the kw_list or
+        # pass it through apply_recipe to generate a list of RecipeData objects (data + attributes)
+        # for further processing.
+        next_series = shift!(still_to_process)
+        # recipedata should be of type RecipeData.  if it's not then the inputs must not have been fully processed by recipes
+        if !(typeof(next_series) <: RecipeData)
+            error("Inputs couldn't be processed... expected RecipeData but got: $next_series")
+        end
+        if isempty(next_series.args)
+            _process_userrecipe(plt, kw_list, next_series)
+        else
+            rd_list = RecipesBase.apply_recipe(next_series.d, next_series.args...)
+            prepend!(still_to_process,rd_list)
+        end
+    end
+
+    # don't allow something else to handle it
+    d[:smooth] = false
+    kw_list
+end
+
+function _process_userrecipe(plt::Plot, kw_list::Vector{KW}, recipedata::RecipeData)
+    # when the arg tuple is empty, that means there's nothing left to recursively
+    # process... finish up and add to the kw_list
+    kw = recipedata.d
+    preprocessArgs!(kw)
+    _preprocess_userrecipe(kw)
+    warnOnUnsupported_scales(plt.backend, kw)
+
+    # add the plot index
+    plt.n += 1
+    kw[:series_plotindex] = plt.n
+
+    push!(kw_list, kw)
+    _add_errorbar_kw(kw_list, kw)
+    _add_smooth_kw(kw_list, kw)
+    return
+end
+
+function _preprocess_userrecipe(kw::KW)
+    _add_markershape(kw)
+
+    # if there was a grouping, filter the data here
+    _filter_input_data!(kw)
+
+    # map marker_z if it's a Function
+    if isa(get(kw, :marker_z, nothing), Function)
+        # TODO: should this take y and/or z as arguments?
+        kw[:marker_z] = map(kw[:marker_z], kw[:x], kw[:y], kw[:z])
+    end
+
+    # map line_z if it's a Function
+    if isa(get(kw, :line_z, nothing), Function)
+        kw[:line_z] = map(kw[:line_z], kw[:x], kw[:y], kw[:z])
+    end
+
+    # convert a ribbon into a fillrange
+    if get(kw, :ribbon, nothing) != nothing
+        make_fillrange_from_ribbon(kw)
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+function _add_errorbar_kw(kw_list::Vector{KW}, kw::KW)
+    # handle error bars by creating new recipedata data... these will have
+    # the same recipedata index as the recipedata they are copied from
+    for esym in (:xerror, :yerror)
+        if get(kw, esym, nothing) != nothing
+            # we make a copy of the KW and apply an errorbar recipe
+            errkw = copy(kw)
+            errkw[:seriestype] = esym
+            errkw[:label] = ""
+            errkw[:primary] = false
+            push!(kw_list, errkw)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+function _add_smooth_kw(kw_list::Vector{KW}, kw::KW)
+    # handle smoothing by adding a new series
+    if get(kw, :smooth, false)
+        x, y = kw[:x], kw[:y]
+        β, α = convert(Matrix{Float64}, [x ones(length(x))]) \ convert(Vector{Float64}, y)
+        sx = [ignorenan_minimum(x), ignorenan_maximum(x)]
+        sy = β * sx + α
+        push!(kw_list, merge(copy(kw), KW(
+            :seriestype => :path,
+            :x => sx,
+            :y => sy,
+            :fillrange => nothing,
+            :label => "",
+            :primary => false,
+        )))
+    end
+end
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# plot recipes
+
+# Grab the first in line to be processed and pass it through apply_recipe
+# to generate a list of RecipeData objects (data + attributes).
+# If we applied a "plot recipe" without error, then add the returned datalist's KWs,
+# otherwise we just add the original KW.
+function _process_plotrecipe(plt::Plot, kw::KW, kw_list::Vector{KW}, still_to_process::Vector{KW})
+    if !isa(get(kw, :seriestype, nothing), Symbol)
+        # seriestype was never set, or it's not a Symbol, so it can't be a plot recipe
+        push!(kw_list, kw)
+        return
+    end
+    try
+        st = kw[:seriestype]
+        st = kw[:seriestype] = get(_typeAliases, st, st)
+        datalist = RecipesBase.apply_recipe(kw, Val{st}, plt)
+        for data in datalist
+            preprocessArgs!(data.d)
+            if data.d[:seriestype] == st
+                error("Plot recipe $st returned the same seriestype: $(data.d)")
+            end
+            push!(still_to_process, data.d)
+        end
+    catch err
+        if isa(err, MethodError)
+            push!(kw_list, kw)
+        else
+            rethrow()
+        end
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# setup plot and subplot
+
+function _plot_setup(plt::Plot, d::KW, kw_list::Vector{KW})
+    # merge in anything meant for the Plot
+    for kw in kw_list, (k,v) in kw
+        haskey(_plot_defaults, k) && (d[k] = pop!(kw, k))
+    end
+
+    # TODO: init subplots here
+    _update_plot_args(plt, d)
+    if !plt.init
+        plt.o = Base.invokelatest(_create_backend_figure, plt)
+
+        # create the layout and subplots from the inputs
+        plt.layout, plt.subplots, plt.spmap = build_layout(plt.attr)
+        for (idx,sp) in enumerate(plt.subplots)
+            sp.plt = plt
+            sp.attr[:subplot_index] = idx
+        end
+
+        plt.init = true
+    end
+
+
+    # handle inset subplots
+    insets = plt[:inset_subplots]
+    if insets != nothing
+        if !(typeof(insets) <: AVec)
+            insets = [insets]
+        end
+        for inset in insets
+            parent, bb = is_2tuple(inset) ? inset : (nothing, inset)
+            P = typeof(parent)
+            if P <: Integer
+                parent = plt.subplots[parent]
+            elseif P == Symbol
+                parent = plt.spmap[parent]
+            else
+                parent = plt.layout
+            end
+            sp = Subplot(backend(), parent=parent)
+            sp.plt = plt
+            push!(plt.subplots, sp)
+            push!(plt.inset_subplots, sp)
+            sp.attr[:relative_bbox] = bb
+            sp.attr[:subplot_index] = length(plt.subplots)
+        end
+    end
+    plt[:inset_subplots] = nothing
+end
+
+function _subplot_setup(plt::Plot, d::KW, kw_list::Vector{KW})
+    # we'll keep a map of subplot to an attribute override dict.
+    # Subplot/Axis attributes set by a user/series recipe apply only to the
+    # Subplot object which they belong to.
+    # TODO: allow matrices to still apply to all subplots
+    sp_attrs = Dict{Subplot,Any}()
+    for kw in kw_list
+        # get the Subplot object to which the series belongs.
+        sps = get(kw, :subplot, :auto)
+        sp = get_subplot(plt, _cycle(sps == :auto ? plt.subplots : plt.subplots[sps], command_idx(kw_list,kw)))
+        kw[:subplot] = sp
+
+        # extract subplot/axis attributes from kw and add to sp_attr
+        attr = KW()
+        for (k,v) in collect(kw)
+            if haskey(_subplot_defaults, k) || haskey(_axis_defaults_byletter, k)
+                attr[k] = pop!(kw, k)
+            end
+            if haskey(_axis_defaults, k)
+                v = pop!(kw, k)
+                for letter in (:x,:y,:z)
+                    attr[Symbol(letter,k)] = v
+                end
+            end
+            for k in (:scale,), letter in (:x,:y,:z)
+                # Series recipes may need access to this information
+                lk = Symbol(letter,k)
+                if haskey(attr, lk)
+                    kw[lk] = attr[lk]
+                end
+            end
+        end
+        sp_attrs[sp] = attr
+    end
+
+    # override subplot/axis args.  `sp_attrs` take precendence
+    for (idx,sp) in enumerate(plt.subplots)
+        attr = if !haskey(d, :subplot) || d[:subplot] == idx
+            merge(d, get(sp_attrs, sp, KW()))
+        else
+            get(sp_attrs, sp, KW())
+        end
+        _update_subplot_args(plt, sp, attr, idx, false)
+    end
+
+    # do we need to link any axes together?
+    link_axes!(plt.layout, plt[:link])
+end
+
+# getting ready to add the series... last update to subplot from anything
+# that might have been added during series recipes
+function _prepare_subplot(plt::Plot{T}, d::KW) where T
+    st::Symbol = d[:seriestype]
+    sp::Subplot{T} = d[:subplot]
+    sp_idx = get_subplot_index(plt, sp)
+    _update_subplot_args(plt, sp, d, sp_idx, true)
+
+    st = _override_seriestype_check(d, st)
+
+    # change to a 3d projection for this subplot?
+    if is3d(st)
+        sp.attr[:projection] = "3d"
+    end
+
+    # initialize now that we know the first series type
+    if !haskey(sp.attr, :init)
+        _initialize_subplot(plt, sp)
+        sp.attr[:init] = true
+    end
+    sp
+end
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# series types
+
+function _override_seriestype_check(d::KW, st::Symbol)
+    # do we want to override the series type?
+    if !is3d(st) && !(st in (:contour,:contour3d))
+        z = d[:z]
+        if !isa(z, Void) && (size(d[:x]) == size(d[:y]) == size(z))
+            st = (st == :scatter ? :scatter3d : :path3d)
+            d[:seriestype] = st
+        end
+    end
+    st
+end
+
+function _prepare_annotations(sp::Subplot, d::KW)
+    # strip out series annotations (those which are based on series x/y coords)
+    # and add them to the subplot attr
+    sp_anns = annotations(sp[:annotations])
+    # series_anns = annotations(pop!(d, :series_annotations, []))
+    # if isa(series_anns, SeriesAnnotations)
+    #     series_anns.x = d[:x]
+    #     series_anns.y = d[:y]
+    # elseif length(series_anns) > 0
+    #     x, y = d[:x], d[:y]
+    #     nx, ny, na = map(length, (x,y,series_anns))
+    #     n = max(nx, ny, na)
+    #     series_anns = [(x[mod1(i,nx)], y[mod1(i,ny)], text(series_anns[mod1(i,na)])) for i=1:n]
+    # end
+    # sp.attr[:annotations] = vcat(sp_anns, series_anns)
+end
+
+function _expand_subplot_extrema(sp::Subplot, d::KW, st::Symbol)
+    # adjust extrema and discrete info
+    if st == :image
+        xmin, xmax = ignorenan_extrema(d[:x]); ymin, ymax = ignorenan_extrema(d[:y])
+        expand_extrema!(sp[:xaxis], (xmin, xmax))
+        expand_extrema!(sp[:yaxis], (ymin, ymax))
+    elseif !(st in (:pie, :histogram, :bins2d, :histogram2d))
+        expand_extrema!(sp, d)
+    end
+    # expand for zerolines (axes through origin)
+    if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+        expand_extrema!(sp[:xaxis], 0.0)
+        expand_extrema!(sp[:yaxis], 0.0)
+    end
+end
+
+function _add_the_series(plt, sp, d)
+    warnOnUnsupported_args(plt.backend, d)
+    warnOnUnsupported(plt.backend, d)
+    series = Series(d)
+    push!(plt.series_list, series)
+    push!(sp.series_list, series)
+    _series_added(plt, series)
+end
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# this method recursively applies series recipes when the seriestype is not supported
+# natively by the backend
+function _process_seriesrecipe(plt::Plot, d::KW)
+    # replace seriestype aliases
+    st = Symbol(d[:seriestype])
+    st = d[:seriestype] = get(_typeAliases, st, st)
+
+    # shapes shouldn't have fillrange set
+    if d[:seriestype] == :shape
+        d[:fillrange] = nothing
+    end
+
+    # if it's natively supported, finalize processing and pass along to the backend, otherwise recurse
+    if is_seriestype_supported(st)
+        sp = _prepare_subplot(plt, d)
+        _prepare_annotations(sp, d)
+        _expand_subplot_extrema(sp, d, st)
+        _update_series_attributes!(d, plt, sp)
+        _add_the_series(plt, sp, d)
+
+    else
+        # get a sub list of series for this seriestype
+        datalist = RecipesBase.apply_recipe(d, Val{st}, d[:x], d[:y], d[:z])
+
+        # assuming there was no error, recursively apply the series recipes
+        for data in datalist
+            if isa(data, RecipeData)
+                preprocessArgs!(data.d)
+                if data.d[:seriestype] == st
+                    error("The seriestype didn't change in series recipe $st.  This will cause a StackOverflow.")
+                end
+                _process_seriesrecipe(plt, data.d)
+            else
+                warn("Unhandled recipe: $(data)")
+                break
+            end
+        end
+    end
+    nothing
+end
@@ -1,18 +1,22 @@

-type CurrentPlot
-  nullableplot::Nullable{PlottingObject}
+mutable struct CurrentPlot
+    nullableplot::Nullable{AbstractPlot}
 end
-const CURRENT_PLOT = CurrentPlot(Nullable{PlottingObject}())
+const CURRENT_PLOT = CurrentPlot(Nullable{AbstractPlot}())

 isplotnull() = isnull(CURRENT_PLOT.nullableplot)

+"""
+    current()
+Returns the Plot object for the current plot
+"""
 function current()
-  if isplotnull()
-    error("No current plot/subplot")
-  end
-  get(CURRENT_PLOT.nullableplot)
+    if isplotnull()
+        error("No current plot/subplot")
+    end
+    get(CURRENT_PLOT.nullableplot)
 end
-current(plot::PlottingObject) = (CURRENT_PLOT.nullableplot = Nullable(plot))
+current(plot::AbstractPlot) = (CURRENT_PLOT.nullableplot = Nullable(plot))

 # ---------------------------------------------------------

@@ -22,553 +26,269 @@ Base.print(io::IO, plt::Plot) = print(io, string(plt))
 Base.show(io::IO, plt::Plot) = print(io, string(plt))

 getplot(plt::Plot) = plt
-getplotargs(plt::Plot, idx::Int = 1) = plt.plotargs
+getattr(plt::Plot, idx::Int = 1) = plt.attr
 convertSeriesIndex(plt::Plot, n::Int) = n

 # ---------------------------------------------------------


 """
-The main plot command.  Use `plot` to create a new plot object, and `plot!` to add to an existing one:
+The main plot command. Use `plot` to create a new plot object, and `plot!` to add to an existing one:

 ```
-  plot(args...; kw...)                  # creates a new plot window, and sets it to be the current
-  plot!(args...; kw...)                 # adds to the `current`
-  plot!(plotobj, args...; kw...)        # adds to the plot `plotobj`
+    plot(args...; kw...)                  # creates a new plot window, and sets it to be the current
+    plot!(args...; kw...)                 # adds to the `current`
+    plot!(plotobj, args...; kw...)        # adds to the plot `plotobj`
 ```

 There are lots of ways to pass in data, and lots of keyword arguments... just try it and it will likely work as expected.
-When you pass in matrices, it splits by columns.  See the documentation for more info.
+When you pass in matrices, it splits by columns. To see the list of available attributes, use the `plotattr([attr])`
+function, where `attr` is the symbol `:Series:`, `:Subplot:`, `:Plot` or `:Axis`. Pass any attribute to `plotattr`
+as a String to look up its docstring; e.g. `plotattr("seriestype")`.
 """

 # this creates a new plot with args/kw and sets it to be the current plot
 function plot(args...; kw...)
-  pkg = backend()
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  preprocessArgs!(d)
-  dumpdict(d, "After plot preprocessing")
+    d = KW(kw)
+    preprocessArgs!(d)

-  plotargs = merge(d, getPlotArgs(pkg, d, 1))
-  dumpdict(plotargs, "Plot args")
-  plt = _create_plot(pkg; plotargs...)  # create a new, blank plot
+    # create an empty Plot then process
+    plt = Plot()
+    # plt.user_attr = d
+    _plot!(plt, d, args)
+end

-  delete!(d, :background_color)
-  plot!(plt, args...; d...)  # add to it
+# build a new plot from existing plots
+# note: we split into plt1 and plts_tail so we can dispatch correctly
+function plot(plt1::Plot, plts_tail::Plot...; kw...)
+    d = KW(kw)
+    preprocessArgs!(d)
+
+    # build our plot vector from the args
+    n = length(plts_tail) + 1
+    plts = Array{Plot}(n)
+    plts[1] = plt1
+    for (i,plt) in enumerate(plts_tail)
+        plts[i+1] = plt
+    end
+
+    # compute the layout
+    layout = layout_args(d, n)[1]
+    num_sp = sum([length(p.subplots) for p in plts])
+
+    # create a new plot object, with subplot list/map made of existing subplots.
+    # note: we create a new backend figure for this new plot object
+    # note: all subplots and series "belong" to this new plot...
+    plt = Plot()
+
+    # TODO: build the user_attr dict by creating "Any matrices" for the args of each subplot
+
+    # TODO: replace this with proper processing from a merged user_attr KW
+    # update plot args, first with existing plots, then override with d
+    for p in plts
+        _update_plot_args(plt, copy(p.attr))
+        plt.n += p.n
+    end
+    _update_plot_args(plt, d)
+
+    # pass new plot to the backend
+    plt.o = _create_backend_figure(plt)
+    plt.init = true
+
+    series_attr = KW()
+    for (k,v) in d
+        if haskey(_series_defaults, k)
+            series_attr[k] = pop!(d,k)
+        end
+    end
+
+    # create the layout
+    plt.layout, plt.subplots, plt.spmap = build_layout(layout, num_sp, copy(plts))
+
+    # do we need to link any axes together?
+    link_axes!(plt.layout, plt[:link])
+
+    # initialize the subplots
+    cmdidx = 1
+    for (idx, sp) in enumerate(plt.subplots)
+        _initialize_subplot(plt, sp)
+        serieslist = series_list(sp)
+        if sp in sp.plt.inset_subplots
+            push!(plt.inset_subplots, sp)
+        end
+        sp.plt = plt
+        sp.attr[:subplot_index] = idx
+        for series in serieslist
+            merge!(series.d, series_attr)
+            _add_defaults!(series.d, plt, sp, cmdidx)
+            push!(plt.series_list, series)
+            _series_added(plt, series)
+            cmdidx += 1
+        end
+    end
+
+    # first apply any args for the subplots
+    for (idx,sp) in enumerate(plt.subplots)
+        _update_subplot_args(plt, sp, d, idx, false)
+    end
+
+    # finish up
+    current(plt)
+    _do_plot_show(plt, get(d, :show, default(:show)))
+    plt
 end



 # this adds to the current plot, or creates a new plot if none are current
 function  plot!(args...; kw...)
-  local plt
-  try
-    plt = current()
-  catch
-    return plot(args...; kw...)
-  end
-  plot!(current(), args...; kw...)
-end
-
-# not allowed:
-function plot!(subplt::Subplot, args...; kw...)
-  error("Can't call plot! on a Subplot!")
+    local plt
+    try
+        plt = current()
+    catch
+        return plot(args...; kw...)
+    end
+    plot!(current(), args...; kw...)
 end

 # this adds to a specific plot... most plot commands will flow through here
 function plot!(plt::Plot, args...; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  preprocessArgs!(d)
+    d = KW(kw)
+    preprocessArgs!(d)
+    # merge!(plt.user_attr, d)
+    _plot!(plt, d, args)
+end

-  # for plotting recipes, swap out the args and update the parameter dictionary
-  args = _apply_recipe(d, args...; kw...)
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-  dumpdict(d, "After plot! preprocessing")
+# this is the core plotting function.  recursively apply recipes to build
+# a list of series KW dicts.
+# note: at entry, we only have those preprocessed args which were passed in... no default values yet
+function _plot!(plt::Plot, d::KW, args::Tuple)
+    d[:plot_object] = plt

-  warnOnUnsupportedArgs(plt.backend, d)
-
-  # grouping
-  groupargs = get(d, :group, nothing) == nothing ? [] : [extractGroupArgs(d[:group], args...)]
-
-  # just in case the backend needs to set up the plot (make it current or something)
-  _before_add_series(plt)
-
-  # get the list of dictionaries, one per series
-  seriesArgList, xmeta, ymeta = createKWargsList(plt, groupargs..., args...; d...)
-
-  # if we were able to extract guide information from the series inputs, then update the plot
-  # @show xmeta, ymeta
-  updateDictWithMeta(d, plt.plotargs, xmeta, true)
-  updateDictWithMeta(d, plt.plotargs, ymeta, false)
-
-  # now we can plot the series
-  for (i,di) in enumerate(seriesArgList)
-    plt.n += 1
-
-    if !stringsSupported()
-      setTicksFromStringVector(d, di, :x, :xticks)
-      setTicksFromStringVector(d, di, :y, :yticks)
+    if !isempty(args) && !isdefined(Main, :StatPlots) &&
+            first(split(string(typeof(args[1])), ".")) == "DataFrames"
+        warn("You're trying to plot a DataFrame, but this functionality is provided by StatPlots")
    end

-    # remove plot args
-    for k in keys(_plotDefaults)
-      delete!(di, k)
+    # --------------------------------
+    # "USER RECIPES"
+    # --------------------------------
+
+    kw_list = _process_userrecipes(plt, d, args)
+
+    # info(1)
+    # map(DD, kw_list)
+
+
+    # --------------------------------
+    # "PLOT RECIPES"
+    # --------------------------------
+
+    # "plot recipe", which acts like a series type, and is processed before
+    # the plot layout is created, which allows for setting layouts and other plot-wide attributes.
+    # we get inputs which have been fully processed by "user recipes" and "type recipes",
+    # so we can expect standard vectors, surfaces, etc.  No defaults have been set yet.
+    still_to_process = kw_list
+    kw_list = KW[]
+    while !isempty(still_to_process)
+        next_kw = shift!(still_to_process)
+        _process_plotrecipe(plt, next_kw, kw_list, still_to_process)
    end

-    dumpdict(di, "Series $i")
+    # info(2)
+    # map(DD, kw_list)

-    _add_series(plt.backend, plt; di...)
-  end
+    # --------------------------------
+    # Plot/Subplot/Layout setup
+    # --------------------------------
+    _plot_setup(plt, d, kw_list)
+    _subplot_setup(plt, d, kw_list)

-  _add_annotations(plt, d)
+    # !!! note: At this point, kw_list is fully decomposed into individual series... one KW per series.          !!!
+    # !!!       The next step is to recursively apply series recipes until the backend supports that series type !!!

-  warnOnUnsupportedScales(plt.backend, d)
+    # --------------------------------
+    # "SERIES RECIPES"
+    # --------------------------------

+    # info(3)
+    # map(DD, kw_list)

-  # add title, axis labels, ticks, etc
-  if !haskey(d, :subplot)
-    merge!(plt.plotargs, d)
-    dumpdict(plt.plotargs, "Updating plot items")
-    _update_plot(plt, plt.plotargs)
-  end
+    for kw in kw_list
+        sp::Subplot = kw[:subplot]
+        # idx = get_subplot_index(plt, sp)

-  _update_plot_pos_size(plt, d)
+        # # we update subplot args in case something like the color palatte is part of the recipe
+        # _update_subplot_args(plt, sp, kw, idx, true)

-  current(plt)
+        # set default values, select from attribute cycles, and generally set the final attributes
+        _add_defaults!(kw, plt, sp, command_idx(kw_list,kw))

-  # NOTE: lets ignore the show param and effectively use the semicolon at the end of the REPL statement
-  # # do we want to show it?
-  if haskey(d, :show) && d[:show]
-    gui()
-  end
-
-  plt
-end
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# if x or y are a vector of strings, we should create a list of unique strings,
-# and map x/y to be the index of the string... then set the x/y tick labels
-function setTicksFromStringVector(d::Dict, di::Dict, sym::Symbol, ticksym::Symbol)
-  # if the x or y values are strings, set ticks to the unique values, and x/y to the indices of the ticks
-
-  v = di[sym]
-  isa(v, AbstractArray) || return
-
-  T = eltype(v)
-  if T <: @compat(AbstractString) || (!isempty(T.types) && all(x -> x <: @compat(AbstractString), T.types))
-
-    ticks = unique(di[sym])
-    di[sym] = Int[findnext(ticks, v, 1) for v in di[sym]]
-
-    if !haskey(d, ticksym) || d[ticksym] == :auto
-      d[ticksym] = (collect(1:length(ticks)), UTF8String[t for t in ticks])
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-_before_add_series(plt::Plot) = nothing
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# should we update the x/y label given the meta info during input slicing?
-function updateDictWithMeta(d::Dict, plotargs::Dict, meta::Symbol, isx::Bool)
-  lsym = isx ? :xlabel : :ylabel
-  if plotargs[lsym] == default(lsym)
-    d[lsym] = string(meta)
-  end
-end
-updateDictWithMeta(d::Dict, plotargs::Dict, meta, isx::Bool) = nothing
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-annotations(::@compat(Void)) = []
-annotations{X,Y,V}(v::AVec{@compat(Tuple{X,Y,V})}) = v
-annotations{X,Y,V}(t::@compat(Tuple{X,Y,V})) = [t]
-annotations(v::AVec{PlotText}) = v
-annotations(v::AVec) = map(PlotText, v)
-annotations(anns) = error("Expecting a tuple (or vector of tuples) for annotations: ",
-                       "(x, y, annotation)\n    got: $(typeof(anns))")
-
-function _add_annotations(plt::Plot, d::Dict)
-  anns = annotations(get(d, :annotation, nothing))
-  if !isempty(anns)
-
-    # if we just have a list of PlotText objects, then create (x,y,text) tuples
-    if typeof(anns) <: AVec{PlotText}
-      x, y = plt[plt.n]
-      anns = Tuple{Float64,Float64,PlotText}[(x[i], y[i], t) for (i,t) in enumerate(anns)]
+        # now we have a fully specified series, with colors chosen.   we must recursively handle
+        # series recipes, which dispatch on seriestype.  If a backend does not natively support a seriestype,
+        # we check for a recipe that will convert that series type into one made up of lower-level components.
+        # For example, a histogram is just a bar plot with binned data, a bar plot is really a filled step plot,
+        # and a step plot is really just a path.  So any backend that supports drawing a path will implicitly
+        # be able to support step, bar, and histogram plots (and any recipes that use those components).
+        _process_seriesrecipe(plt, kw)
    end

-    _add_annotations(plt, anns)
-  end
-end
+    # --------------------------------

+    current(plt)

-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function Base.copy(plt::Plot)
-  backend(plt.backend)
-  plt2 = plot(; plt.plotargs...)
-  for sargs in plt.seriesargs
-    sargs = filter((k,v) -> haskey(_seriesDefaults,k), sargs)
-    plot!(plt2; sargs...)
-  end
-  plt2
-end
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# create a new "createKWargsList" which converts all inputs into xs = Any[xitems], ys = Any[yitems].
-# Special handling for: no args, xmin/xmax, parametric, dataframes
-# Then once inputs have been converted, build the series args, map functions, etc.
-# This should cut down on boilerplate code and allow more focused dispatch on type
-# note: returns meta information... mainly for use with automatic labeling from DataFrames for now
-
-typealias FuncOrFuncs @compat(Union{Function, AVec{Function}})
-
-all3D(d::Dict) = trueOrAllTrue(lt -> lt in (:contour, :surface, :wireframe, :image), get(d, :linetype, :none))
-
-# missing
-convertToAnyVector(v::@compat(Void), d::Dict) = Any[nothing], nothing
-
-# fixed number of blank series
-convertToAnyVector(n::Integer, d::Dict) = Any[zeros(0) for i in 1:n], nothing
-
-# numeric vector
-convertToAnyVector{T<:Real}(v::AVec{T}, d::Dict) = Any[v], nothing
-
-# string vector
-convertToAnyVector{T<:@compat(AbstractString)}(v::AVec{T}, d::Dict) = Any[v], nothing
-
-# numeric matrix
-function convertToAnyVector{T<:Real}(v::AMat{T}, d::Dict)
-  if all3D(d)
-    Any[Surface(v)]
-  else  
-    Any[v[:,i] for i in 1:size(v,2)]
-  end, nothing
-end
-
-# function
-convertToAnyVector(f::Function, d::Dict) = Any[f], nothing
-
-# surface
-convertToAnyVector(s::Surface, d::Dict) = Any[s], nothing
-
-# vector of OHLC
-convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{OHLC}, d::Dict) = Any[v], nothing
-
-# dates
-convertToAnyVector{D<:Union{Date,DateTime}}(dts::AVec{D}, d::Dict) = Any[dts], nothing
-
-# list of things (maybe other vectors, functions, or something else)
-function convertToAnyVector(v::AVec, d::Dict)
-  if all(x -> typeof(x) <: Real, v)
-    # all real numbers wrap the whole vector as one item
-    Any[convert(Vector{Float64}, v)], nothing
-  else
-    # something else... treat each element as an item
-    vcat(Any[convertToAnyVector(vi, d)[1] for vi in v]...), nothing
-    # Any[vi for vi in v], nothing
-  end
-end
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# in computeXandY, we take in any of the possible items, convert into proper x/y vectors, then return.
-# this is also where all the "set x to 1:length(y)" happens, and also where we assert on lengths.
-computeX(x::@compat(Void), y) = 1:size(y,1)
-computeX(x, y) = copy(x)
-computeY(x, y::Function) = map(y, x)
-computeY(x, y) = copy(y)
-function computeXandY(x, y)
-  if x == nothing && isa(y, Function)
-    error("If you want to plot the function `$y`, you need to define the x values somehow!")
-  end
-  x, y = computeX(x,y), computeY(x,y)
-  # @assert length(x) == length(y)
-  x, y
-end
-
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# create n=max(mx,my) series arguments. the shorter list is cycled through
-# note: everything should flow through this
-function createKWargsList(plt::PlottingObject, x, y; kw...)
-  kwdict = Dict(kw)
-  xs, xmeta = convertToAnyVector(x, kwdict)
-  ys, ymeta = convertToAnyVector(y, kwdict)
-
-  mx = length(xs)
-  my = length(ys)
-  ret = Any[]
-  for i in 1:max(mx, my)
-
-    # try to set labels using ymeta
-    d = copy(kwdict)
-    if !haskey(d, :label) && ymeta != nothing
-      if isa(ymeta, Symbol)
-        d[:label] = string(ymeta)
-      elseif isa(ymeta, AVec{Symbol})
-        d[:label] = string(ymeta[mod1(i,length(ymeta))])
-      end
-    end
-
-    # build the series arg dict
-    numUncounted = get(d, :numUncounted, 0)
-    n = plt.n + i + numUncounted
-    dumpdict(d, "before getSeriesArgs")
-    d = getSeriesArgs(plt.backend, getplotargs(plt, n), d, i + numUncounted, convertSeriesIndex(plt, n), n)
-    dumpdict(d, "after getSeriesArgs")
-    d[:x], d[:y] = computeXandY(xs[mod1(i,mx)], ys[mod1(i,my)])
-
-    lt = d[:linetype]
-    if isa(d[:y], Surface)
-      if lt in (:contour, :surface, :wireframe, :image)
-        z = d[:y]
-        d[:y] = 1:size(z,2)
-        d[lt == :image ? :zcolor : :z] = z
-      end
-    end
-
-    if haskey(d, :idxfilter)
-      d[:x] = d[:x][d[:idxfilter]]
-      d[:y] = d[:y][d[:idxfilter]]
-    end
-
-    # for linetype `line`, need to sort by x values
-    if lt == :line
-      # order by x
-      indices = sortperm(d[:x])
-      d[:x] = d[:x][indices]
-      d[:y] = d[:y][indices]
-      d[:linetype] = :path
-    end
-
-    # map functions to vectors
-    if isa(d[:zcolor], Function)
-      d[:zcolor] = map(d[:zcolor], d[:x])
-    end
-    if isa(d[:fillrange], Function)
-      d[:fillrange] = map(d[:fillrange], d[:x])
-    end
-
-    # cleanup those fields that were used only for generating kw args
-    for k in (:idxfilter, :numUncounted, :dataframe)
-      delete!(d, k)
-    end
-
-    # add it to our series list
-    push!(ret, d)
-  end
-
-  ret, xmeta, ymeta
-end
-
-# handle grouping
-function createKWargsList(plt::PlottingObject, groupby::GroupBy, args...; kw...)
-  ret = Any[]
-  for (i,glab) in enumerate(groupby.groupLabels)
-    # TODO: don't automatically overwrite labels
-    kwlist, xmeta, ymeta = createKWargsList(plt, args...; kw...,
-                                            idxfilter = groupby.groupIds[i],
-                                            label = string(glab),
-                                            numUncounted = length(ret))  # we count the idx from plt.n + numUncounted + i
-    append!(ret, kwlist)
-  end
-  ret, nothing, nothing # TODO: handle passing meta through
-end
-
-# pass it off to the x/y version
-function createKWargsList(plt::PlottingObject, y; kw...)
-  createKWargsList(plt, nothing, y; kw...)
-end
-
-# 3d line or scatter
-function createKWargsList(plt::PlottingObject, x::AVec, y::AVec, zvec::AVec; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  if !(get(d, :linetype, :none) in _3dTypes)
-    d[:linetype] = :path3d
-  end
-  createKWargsList(plt, x, y; z=zvec, d...)
-end
-
-function createKWargsList{T<:Real}(plt::PlottingObject, z::AMat{T}; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  if all3D(d)
-    n,m = size(z)
-    createKWargsList(plt, 1:n, 1:m, z; kw...)
-  else
-    createKWargsList(plt, nothing, z; kw...)
-  end
-end
-
-# contours or surfaces... function grid
-function createKWargsList(plt::PlottingObject, x::AVec, y::AVec, zf::Function; kw...)
-  # only allow sorted x/y for now
-  # TODO: auto sort x/y/z properly
-  @assert x == sort(x)
-  @assert y == sort(y)
-  surface = Float64[zf(xi, yi) for xi in x, yi in y]
-  createKWargsList(plt, x, y, surface; kw...)  # passes it to the zmat version
-end
-
-# contours or surfaces... matrix grid
-function createKWargsList{T<:Real}(plt::PlottingObject, x::AVec, y::AVec, zmat::AMat{T}; kw...)
-  # only allow sorted x/y for now
-  # TODO: auto sort x/y/z properly
-  @assert x == sort(x)
-  @assert y == sort(y)
-  @assert size(zmat) == (length(x), length(y))
-  # surf = Surface(convert(Matrix{Float64}, zmat))
-  # surf = Array(Any,1,1)
-  # surf[1,1] = convert(Matrix{Float64}, zmat)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  d[:z] = Surface(convert(Matrix{Float64}, zmat))
-  if !(get(d, :linetype, :none) in (:contour, :surface, :wireframe))
-    d[:linetype] = :contour
-  end
-  createKWargsList(plt, x, y; d...) #, z = surf)
-end
-
-# contours or surfaces... general x, y grid
-function createKWargsList{T<:Real}(plt::PlottingObject, x::AMat{T}, y::AMat{T}, zmat::AMat{T}; kw...)
-  @assert size(zmat) == size(x) == size(y)
-  surf = Surface(convert(Matrix{Float64}, zmat))
-  # surf = Array(Any,1,1)
-  # surf[1,1] = convert(Matrix{Float64}, zmat)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  d[:z] = Surface(convert(Matrix{Float64}, zmat))
-  if !(get(d, :linetype, :none) in (:contour, :surface, :wireframe))
-    d[:linetype] = :contour
-  end
-  createKWargsList(plt, Any[x], Any[y]; d...) #kw..., z = surf, linetype = :contour)
-end
-
-
-function createKWargsList(plt::PlottingObject, surf::Surface; kw...)
-  createKWargsList(plt, 1:size(surf.surf,1), 1:size(surf.surf,2), convert(Matrix{Float64}, surf.surf); kw...)
-end
-
-function createKWargsList(plt::PlottingObject, x::AVec, y::AVec, surf::Surface; kw...)
-  createKWargsList(plt, x, y, convert(Matrix{Float64}, surf.surf); kw...)
-end
-
-function createKWargsList(plt::PlottingObject, f::FuncOrFuncs; kw...)
-  createKWargsList(plt, f, xmin(plt), xmax(plt); kw...)
-end
-
-# list of functions
-function createKWargsList(plt::PlottingObject, f::FuncOrFuncs, x; kw...)
-  @assert !(typeof(x) <: FuncOrFuncs)  # otherwise we'd hit infinite recursion here
-  createKWargsList(plt, x, f; kw...)
-end
-
-# special handling... xmin/xmax with function(s)
-function createKWargsList(plt::PlottingObject, f::FuncOrFuncs, xmin::Real, xmax::Real; kw...)
-  width = get(plt.plotargs, :size, (100,))[1]
-  x = collect(linspace(xmin, xmax, width))  # we don't need more than the width
-  createKWargsList(plt, x, f; kw...)
-end
-
-mapFuncOrFuncs(f::Function, u::AVec) = map(f, u)
-mapFuncOrFuncs(fs::AVec{Function}, u::AVec) = [map(f, u) for f in fs]
-
-# special handling... xmin/xmax with parametric function(s)
-createKWargsList{T<:Real}(plt::PlottingObject, fx::FuncOrFuncs, fy::FuncOrFuncs, u::AVec{T}; kw...) = createKWargsList(plt, mapFuncOrFuncs(fx, u), mapFuncOrFuncs(fy, u); kw...)
-createKWargsList{T<:Real}(plt::PlottingObject, u::AVec{T}, fx::FuncOrFuncs, fy::FuncOrFuncs; kw...) = createKWargsList(plt, mapFuncOrFuncs(fx, u), mapFuncOrFuncs(fy, u); kw...)
-createKWargsList(plt::PlottingObject, fx::FuncOrFuncs, fy::FuncOrFuncs, umin::Real, umax::Real, numPoints::Int = 1000; kw...) = createKWargsList(plt, fx, fy, linspace(umin, umax, numPoints); kw...)
-
-# special handling... 3D parametric function(s)
-createKWargsList{T<:Real}(plt::PlottingObject, fx::FuncOrFuncs, fy::FuncOrFuncs, fz::FuncOrFuncs, u::AVec{T}; kw...) = createKWargsList(plt, mapFuncOrFuncs(fx, u), mapFuncOrFuncs(fy, u), mapFuncOrFuncs(fz, u); kw...)
-createKWargsList{T<:Real}(plt::PlottingObject, u::AVec{T}, fx::FuncOrFuncs, fy::FuncOrFuncs, fz::FuncOrFuncs; kw...) = createKWargsList(plt, mapFuncOrFuncs(fx, u), mapFuncOrFuncs(fy, u), mapFuncOrFuncs(fz, u); kw...)
-createKWargsList(plt::PlottingObject, fx::FuncOrFuncs, fy::FuncOrFuncs, fz::FuncOrFuncs, umin::Real, umax::Real, numPoints::Int = 1000; kw...) = createKWargsList(plt, fx, fy, fz, linspace(umin, umax, numPoints); kw...)
-
-# (x,y) tuples
-function createKWargsList{R1<:Real,R2<:Real}(plt::PlottingObject, xy::AVec{Tuple{R1,R2}}; kw...)
-  createKWargsList(plt, unzip(xy)...; kw...)
-end
-function createKWargsList{R1<:Real,R2<:Real}(plt::PlottingObject, xy::Tuple{R1,R2}; kw...)
-  createKWargsList(plt, [xy[1]], [xy[2]]; kw...)
-end
-
-
-
-# special handling... no args... 1 series
-function createKWargsList(plt::PlottingObject; kw...)
-  d = Dict(kw)
-  if !haskey(d, :y)
-    # assume we just want to create an empty plot object which can be added to later
-    return [], nothing, nothing
-    # error("Called plot/subplot without args... must set y in the keyword args.  Example: plot(; y=rand(10))")
-  end
-
-  if haskey(d, :x)
-    return createKWargsList(plt, d[:x], d[:y]; kw...)
-  else
-    return createKWargsList(plt, d[:y]; kw...)
-  end
-end
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-# @require FixedSizeArrays begin
-
-  unzip{T}(x::AVec{FixedSizeArrays.Vec{2,T}}) = T[xi[1] for xi in x], T[xi[2] for xi in x]
-  unzip{T}(x::FixedSizeArrays.Vec{2,T}) = T[x[1]], T[x[2]]
-
-  function createKWargsList{T<:Real}(plt::PlottingObject, xy::AVec{FixedSizeArrays.Vec{2,T}}; kw...)
-    createKWargsList(plt, unzip(xy)...; kw...)
-  end
-
-  function createKWargsList{T<:Real}(plt::PlottingObject, xy::FixedSizeArrays.Vec{2,T}; kw...)
-    createKWargsList(plt, [xy[1]], [xy[2]]; kw...)
-  end
-
-# end
-
-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-# For DataFrame support.  Imports DataFrames and defines the necessary methods which support them.
-
-@require DataFrames begin
-
-  function createKWargsList(plt::PlottingObject, df::DataFrames.AbstractDataFrame, args...; kw...)
-    createKWargsList(plt, args...; kw..., dataframe = df)
-  end
-
-  # expecting the column name of a dataframe that was passed in... anything else should error
-  function extractGroupArgs(s::Symbol, df::DataFrames.AbstractDataFrame, args...)
-    if haskey(df, s)
-      return extractGroupArgs(df[s])
-    else
-      error("Got a symbol, and expected that to be a key in d[:dataframe]. s=$s d=$d")
-    end
-  end
-
-  function getDataFrameFromKW(d::Dict)
-    # for (k,v) in kw
-    #   if k == :dataframe
-    #     return v
-    #   end
+    # do we want to force display?
+    # if plt[:show]
+    #     gui(plt)
    # end
-    get(d, :dataframe) do
-      error("Missing dataframe argument!")
-    end
-  end
-
-  # the conversion functions for when we pass symbols or vectors of symbols to reference dataframes
-  # convertToAnyVector(s::Symbol; kw...) = Any[getDataFrameFromKW(;kw...)[s]], s
-  # convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{Symbol}; kw...) = (df = getDataFrameFromKW(;kw...); Any[df[s] for s in v]), v
-  convertToAnyVector(s::Symbol, d::Dict) = Any[getDataFrameFromKW(d)[s]], s
-  convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{Symbol}, d::Dict) = (df = getDataFrameFromKW(d); Any[df[s] for s in v]), v
+    _do_plot_show(plt, plt[:show])

+    plt
 end


+# we're getting ready to display/output.  prep for layout calcs, then update
+# the plot object after
+function prepare_output(plt::Plot)
+    _before_layout_calcs(plt)
+
+    w, h = plt.attr[:size]
+    plt.layout.bbox = BoundingBox(0mm, 0mm, w*px, h*px)
+
+    # One pass down and back up the tree to compute the minimum padding
+    # of the children on the perimeter.  This is an backend callback.
+    _update_min_padding!(plt.layout)
+    for sp in plt.inset_subplots
+        _update_min_padding!(sp)
+    end
+
+    # now another pass down, to update the bounding boxes
+    update_child_bboxes!(plt.layout)
+
+    # update those bounding boxes of inset subplots
+    update_inset_bboxes!(plt)
+
+    # the backend callback, to reposition subplots, etc
+    _update_plot_object(plt)
+end
+
+function backend_object(plt::Plot)
+    prepare_output(plt)
+    plt.o
+end
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# plot to a Subplot
+
+function plot(sp::Subplot, args...; kw...)
+    plt = sp.plt
+    plot(plt, args...; kw..., subplot = findfirst(plt.subplots, sp))
+end
+function plot!(sp::Subplot, args...; kw...)
+    plt = sp.plt
+    plot!(plt, args...; kw..., subplot = findfirst(plt.subplots, sp))
+end
+
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More