Update Project.toml

Merge pull request #2310 from BeastyBlacksmith/pgfplotsx
fix ribbons and interaction between background and fill between
2019-12-17 15:24:20 +01:00 · 2019-12-17 15:23:26 +01:00 · 2019-12-13 23:48:25 +01:00 · 2019-12-13 23:37:15 +01:00 · 2019-12-13 23:35:05 +01:00 · 2019-12-13 21:14:45 +01:00
48 changed files with 5543 additions and 1912 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+name: CompatHelper
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '00 * * * *'
+
+jobs:
+  CompatHelper:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        julia-version: [1.2.0]
+        julia-arch: [x86]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest]
+    steps:
+      - uses: julia-actions/setup-julia@latest
+        with:
+          version: ${{ matrix.julia-version }}
+      - name: Pkg.add("CompatHelper")
+        run: julia -e 'using Pkg; Pkg.add("CompatHelper")'
+      - name: CompatHelper.main()
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: julia -e 'using CompatHelper; CompatHelper.main()'
@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ examples/meetup/.ipynb_checkpoints/*
 deps/plotly-latest.min.js
 deps/build.log
 deps/deps.jl
+Manifest.toml
@@ -4,57 +4,31 @@ os:
  - linux
  # - osx
 julia:
-  # - 1.0
+  - 1
+  - 1.2
  - nightly
-# matrix:
-#   allow_failures:
-#     - julia: nightly

-# # before install:
-# #   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then brew update          ; fi
-# #   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then brew install wkhtmltopdf; fi
+matrix:
+  allow_failures:
+  - julia: nightly

-# ref: http://askubuntu.com/a/556672 for the wkhtmltopdf apt repository info
+addons:
+  apt:
+    packages:
+      - at-spi2-core
+      - libgtk-3-dev
+      - xauth
+      - xvfb

 sudo: required
 before_install:
  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then pwd ; fi
  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then ./test/install_wkhtmltoimage.sh ; fi
-#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:pov/wkhtmltopdf  ; fi
-#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  sudo apt-get -qq update                      ; fi
-#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  sudo apt-get install -y wkhtmltopdf          ; fi
-#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  wkhtmltopdf -V                               ; fi
-#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  wkhtmltoimage -V                             ; fi
-#   echo 'exec xvfb-run -a -s "-screen 0 640x480x16" wkhtmltopdf "$@"' | sudo tee /usr/local/bin/wkhtmltopdf.sh >/dev/null
-# sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/wkhtmltopdf.sh
-
-# # borrowed from Blink.jl's travis file
-# matrix:
-#   include:
-#     - os: linux
-#       julia: 0.4
-#       env: TESTCMD="xvfb-run julia"
-#     - os: osx
-#       julia: 0.4
-#       env: TESTCMD="julia"
-
-

 notifications:
  email: true
-# uncomment the following lines to override the default test script
-# script:
- # - if [[ -a .git/shallow ]]; then git fetch --unshallow; fi
- # - julia -e 'import Pkg; Pkg.add(Pkg.PackageSpec(path=pwd())); Pkg.build("Plots")'
- # - julia test/travis_commands.jl
- # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("ImageMagick"); Pkg.build("ImageMagick")'
- # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("GR"); Pkg.build("GR")'
- # # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/tbreloff/ImageMagick.jl.git"); Pkg.checkout("ImageMagick","tb_write"); Pkg.build("ImageMagick")'
- # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/tbreloff/ExamplePlots.jl.git");'
- # # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/JunoLab/Blink.jl.git"); Pkg.build("Blink"); import Blink; Blink.AtomShell.install()'
- # # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/spencerlyon2/PlotlyJS.jl.git")'
- # - julia -e 'ENV["PYTHON"] = ""; Pkg.add("PyPlot"); Pkg.build("PyPlot")'
- #
- # # - $TESTCMD -e 'Pkg.test("Plots"; coverage=false)'
- # - julia -e 'Pkg.test("Plots"; coverage=false)'
- # # - julia -e 'cd(Pkg.dir("Plots")); Pkg.add("Coverage"); using Coverage; Coveralls.submit(process_folder()); Codecov.submit(process_folder())'
+
+script:
+  - if [[ -a .git/shallow ]]; then git fetch --unshallow; fi
+  - if [[ `uname` = "Linux" ]]; then TESTCMD="xvfb-run julia"; else TESTCMD="julia"; fi
+  - $TESTCMD -e 'using Pkg; Pkg.build(); Pkg.test(coverage=true)'
@@ -3,14 +3,115 @@

 #### notes on release changes, ongoing development, and future planned work

- Minor version 0.17 is the last one to support Julia 0.6!!
- Minor version 0.11 is the last one to support Julia 0.5!!
-	- Critical bugfixes only
-    - `backports` branch is for Julia 0.5
-
---
 ## (current master)

+## 0.28.3
+- support generalized array interface
+- save to pdf, svg and eps in plotlyjs
+- fix for clims in line_z
+- optimize heatmap logic in gr
+
+## 0.26.3
+- fix `vline` with dates
+- fix PyPlot logscale bug
+- avoid annotation clipping for PyPlot
+- allow plotting of Any vectors and 3D plotting again in convertToAnyVector
+- specify legend title font in GR and PyPlot
+- delete `pushtomaster.sh`
+- use `=== nothing`
+
+## 0.26.2
+- improve empty animation build error
+- fix GR axis flip for heatmaps and images
+- fix ribbons specified as tuples
+- add Char recipe
+- fix Plotly plots with single-element series
+- rewrite PlotlyJS backend
+
+## 0.26.1
+- handle `Char`s as input data
+- fix html saving for Plotly
+- expand ~ in paths on UNIX systems
+- convertToAnyVector clean-up
+- fix color_palette grouping issue
+
+## 0.26.0
+- use FFMPEG.jl
+- add missing method for convertToAnyVector
+
+## 0.25.3
+- add areaplot
+- allow missing in z_color arguments
+- more general tuple recipe
+- stephist logscale improvements
+
+## 0.25.2
+- improvements to handle missings
+- pyplot: allow setting the color gradient for z values
+- document :colorbar_entry
+- limit number of automatic bins
+- fix ENV['PLOTS_DEFAULT_BACKEND']
+- don't let aspect_ratio impact subplot size
+- implement arrowstyle for GR
+- fix bug in plotly_convert_to_datetime
+- improve missing support
+- gr: polar heatmaps
+- make sure show returns nothing
+
+## 0.25.1
+- fix gr_display
+
+## 0.25.0
+- Replace StaticArrays with GeometryTypes
+- Contour fixes for GR
+
+## 0.24.0
+- Update to the new PyCall and PyPlot API
+- fix drawing of ticks
+- fix y label position with GR
+
+## 0.23.2
+- pyplot fixes
+- Add option :tex_output_standalone to set the 'include_preamble' argument in the PGFPlots backend.
+- fix ticks
+- support plotly json mime
+- fix image axis limits
+- default to radius 0 at center for polar plots
+
+## 0.23.1
+- slightly faster load time
+- fixed errant MethodError
+- fix bar plots with unicodeplots
+- better colorbars for contour
+- add volume seriestype for GR
+- fix passing a tuple to custom ticks
+- add vline to pgfplots
+- add tex output for pyplot
+- better 3d axis labels for GR
+
+## 0.23.0
+- compatible with StatPlots -> StatsPlots name shift
+- fix histograms for vectors with NaN and Inf
+- change gif behaviour (remove cache-busting)
+- improved docstrings for shorthands functions
+- fix font rotation for pyplot
+- fix greyscale images for pyplot
+- clamp greyscale images with values outside 0,1
+- support keyword argument for font options
+- allow vector of markers for pyplot scatter
+
+## 0.22.5
+- improve behaviour of plotlyjs backend
+
+## 0.22.4
+- Add support for discrete contourf plots with GR
+
+## 0.22.3
+- Fix the `showtheme` function
+
+## 0.22.2
+- Allow annotations to accept a Tuple instead of the result of a text call (making it possible to specify font characteristics in recipes). E.g. `annotations = (2, 4, ("test", :right, 8, :red))` is the same as `annotations = (2, 4, text("test", :right, 8, :red))`
+
 ## 0.22.1
 - push PlotsDisplay just after REPLDisplay

@@ -182,7 +283,7 @@ Many updates, min julia 1.0
 - add `reset_defaults()` function to reset plot defaults
 - update syntax to 0.6
 - make `fill = true` fill to 0 rather than to 1
- use new `@df` syntax in StatPlots examples
+- use new `@df` syntax in StatsPlots examples
 - allow changing the color of legend box
 - implement `title_location` for gr
 - add `hline` marker to pgfplots - fixes errorbars
@@ -334,7 +435,7 @@ Many updates, min julia 1.0
 - added dependency on PlotThemes
 - set_theme --> theme
 - remove Compat from REQUIRE
- warning for DataFrames without StatPlots
+- warning for DataFrames without StatsPlots
 - closeall exported and implemented for gr/pyplot
 - fix DateTime recipe
 - reset theme with theme(:none)
@@ -456,8 +557,8 @@ Many updates, min julia 1.0
 #### 0.8.0

 - added dependency on PlotUtils
- BREAKING: removed DataFrames support (now in StatPlots.jl)
- BREAKING: removed boxplot/violin/density recipes (now in StatPlots.jl)
+- BREAKING: removed DataFrames support (now in StatsPlots.jl)
+- BREAKING: removed boxplot/violin/density recipes (now in StatsPlots.jl)
 - GR:
    - inline iterm2 support
    - trisurface support
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+name = "Plots"
+uuid = "91a5bcdd-55d7-5caf-9e0b-520d859cae80"
+author = ["Tom Breloff (@tbreloff)"]
+version = "0.28.4"
+
+[deps]
+Base64 = "2a0f44e3-6c83-55bd-87e4-b1978d98bd5f"
+Contour = "d38c429a-6771-53c6-b99e-75d170b6e991"
+Dates = "ade2ca70-3891-5945-98fb-dc099432e06a"
+FFMPEG = "c87230d0-a227-11e9-1b43-d7ebe4e7570a"
+FixedPointNumbers = "53c48c17-4a7d-5ca2-90c5-79b7896eea93"
+GR = "28b8d3ca-fb5f-59d9-8090-bfdbd6d07a71"
+GeometryTypes = "4d00f742-c7ba-57c2-abde-4428a4b178cb"
+JSON = "682c06a0-de6a-54ab-a142-c8b1cf79cde6"
+LinearAlgebra = "37e2e46d-f89d-539d-b4ee-838fcccc9c8e"
+Measures = "442fdcdd-2543-5da2-b0f3-8c86c306513e"
+NaNMath = "77ba4419-2d1f-58cd-9bb1-8ffee604a2e3"
+Pkg = "44cfe95a-1eb2-52ea-b672-e2afdf69b78f"
+PlotThemes = "ccf2f8ad-2431-5c83-bf29-c5338b663b6a"
+PlotUtils = "995b91a9-d308-5afd-9ec6-746e21dbc043"
+Printf = "de0858da-6303-5e67-8744-51eddeeeb8d7"
+REPL = "3fa0cd96-eef1-5676-8a61-b3b8758bbffb"
+Random = "9a3f8284-a2c9-5f02-9a11-845980a1fd5c"
+RecipesBase = "3cdcf5f2-1ef4-517c-9805-6587b60abb01"
+Reexport = "189a3867-3050-52da-a836-e630ba90ab69"
+Requires = "ae029012-a4dd-5104-9daa-d747884805df"
+Showoff = "992d4aef-0814-514b-bc4d-f2e9a6c4116f"
+SparseArrays = "2f01184e-e22b-5df5-ae63-d93ebab69eaf"
+Statistics = "10745b16-79ce-11e8-11f9-7d13ad32a3b2"
+StatsBase = "2913bbd2-ae8a-5f71-8c99-4fb6c76f3a91"
+UUIDs = "cf7118a7-6976-5b1a-9a39-7adc72f591a4"
+
+[compat]
+Contour = "0.5"
+FFMPEG = "0.2"
+FixedPointNumbers = "0.6"
+GR = "0.44"
+GeometryTypes = "0.7"
+JSON = "0.21"
+Measures = "0.3"
+NaNMath = "0.3"
+PlotThemes = "1"
+PlotUtils = "0.6.1"
+RecipesBase = "0.6, 0.7"
+Reexport = "0.2"
+Requires = "0.5, 1.0"
+Showoff = "0.3.1"
+StatsBase = "0.32"
+julia = "1"
+
+[extras]
+FileIO = "5789e2e9-d7fb-5bc7-8068-2c6fae9b9549"
+GeometryTypes = "4d00f742-c7ba-57c2-abde-4428a4b178cb"
+Gtk = "4c0ca9eb-093a-5379-98c5-f87ac0bbbf44"
+ImageMagick = "6218d12a-5da1-5696-b52f-db25d2ecc6d1"
+Images = "916415d5-f1e6-5110-898d-aaa5f9f070e0"
+LaTeXStrings = "b964fa9f-0449-5b57-a5c2-d3ea65f4040f"
+LibGit2 = "76f85450-5226-5b5a-8eaa-529ad045b433"
+PGFPlotsX = "8314cec4-20b6-5062-9cdb-752b83310925"
+RDatasets = "ce6b1742-4840-55fa-b093-852dadbb1d8b"
+Random = "9a3f8284-a2c9-5f02-9a11-845980a1fd5c"
+StatsPlots = "f3b207a7-027a-5e70-b257-86293d7955fd"
+Test = "8dfed614-e22c-5e08-85e1-65c5234f0b40"
+UnicodePlots = "b8865327-cd53-5732-bb35-84acbb429228"
+VisualRegressionTests = "34922c18-7c2a-561c-bac1-01e79b2c4c92"
+
+[targets]
+test = ["FileIO", "GeometryTypes", "Gtk", "ImageMagick", "Images", "LaTeXStrings", "LibGit2", "PGFPlotsX", "Random", "RDatasets", "StatsPlots", "Test", "UnicodePlots", "VisualRegressionTests"]
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@

 #### Created by Tom Breloff (@tbreloff)

-#### Maintained by the [JuliaPlot members](https://github.com/orgs/JuliaPlots/people)
+#### Maintained by the [JuliaPlots members](https://github.com/orgs/JuliaPlots/people)

 Plots is a plotting API and toolset.  My goals with the package are:

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-julia 1.0
-
-RecipesBase 0.6.0
-PlotUtils 0.4.1
-PlotThemes 0.1.3
-Reexport
-StaticArrays 0.5
-FixedPointNumbers 0.3
-Measures
-Showoff
-StatsBase 0.14.0
-JSON
-NaNMath
-Requires
-Contour
-GR 0.37.0
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ environment:
  matrix:
  # - julia_version: 0.7
  - julia_version: 1
+  - julia_version: 1.2
  - julia_version: nightly

 platform:
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# To figure out what should be precompiled, run this script, then move
+# precompile_Plots.jl in precompiles_path (see below) to src/precompile.jl
+
+# This script works by using SnoopCompile to log compilations that take place
+# while running the examples on the GR backend. So SnoopCompile must be
+# installed, and StatsPlots, RDatasets, and FileIO are also required for
+# certain examples.
+
+# If precompilation fails with an UndefVarError for a module, probably what is
+# happening is that the module appears in the precompile statements, but is
+# only visible to one of Plots' dependencies, and not Plots itself. Adding the
+# module to the blacklist below will remove these precompile statements.
+
+# Anonymous functions may appear in precompile statements as functions with
+# hashes in their name. Those of the form "#something##kw" have to do with
+# compiling functions with keyword arguments, and are named reproducibly, so
+# can be kept. Others generally will not work. Currently, SnoopCompile includes
+# some anonymous functions that not reproducible, but SnoopCompile PR #30
+# (which looks about to be merged) will ensure that anonymous functions are
+# actually defined before attempting to precompile them. Alternatively, we can
+# keep only the keyword argument related anonymous functions by changing the
+# regex that SnoopCompile uses to detect anonymous functions to
+# r"#{1,2}[^\"#]+#{1,2}\d+" (see anonrex in SnoopCompile.jl). To exclude all
+# precompile statements involving anonymous functions, "#" can also be added to
+# the blacklist below.
+
+using SnoopCompile
+
+log_path = joinpath(tempdir(), "compiles.log")
+precompiles_path = joinpath(tempdir(), "precompile")
+
+# run examples with GR backend, logging what needs to be compiled
+SnoopCompile.@snoopc log_path begin
+    using Plots
+    Plots.test_examples(:gr, disp=true)
+end
+
+# precompile calls containing the following strings are dropped
+blacklist = [
+    # functions defined in examples
+    "PlotExampleModule",
+    # the following are not visible to Plots, only its dependencies
+    "CategoricalArrays",
+    "FixedPointNumbers",
+    "SparseArrays",
+    r"#{1,2}[^\"#]+#{1,2}\d+",
+]
+
+data = SnoopCompile.read(log_path)
+pc = SnoopCompile.parcel(reverse!(data[2]), blacklist=blacklist)
+SnoopCompile.write(precompiles_path, pc)
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-git checkout master
-git merge --ff-only dev
-git push origin master
-git checkout dev
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 module Plots

-_current_plots_version = v"0.20.6"
+const _current_plots_version = VersionNumber(split(first(filter(line -> occursin("version", line), readlines(normpath(@__DIR__, "..", "Project.toml")))), "\"")[2])

 using Reexport

-import StaticArrays
+import GeometryTypes
 using Dates, Printf, Statistics, Base64, LinearAlgebra, Random
 import SparseArrays: findnz

+using FFMPEG
+
@reexport using RecipesBase
 import RecipesBase: plot, plot!, animate
 using Base.Meta
@@ -84,7 +86,6 @@ export
    backends,
    backend_name,
    backend_object,
-    add_backend,
    aliases,

    Shape,
@@ -180,103 +181,15 @@ include("arg_desc.jl")
 include("plotattr.jl")
 include("backends.jl")
 include("output.jl")
+include("ijulia.jl")
+include("fileio.jl")
 include("init.jl")

 include("backends/plotly.jl")
 include("backends/gr.jl")
 include("backends/web.jl")

-# ---------------------------------------------------------
-
-@shorthands scatter
-@shorthands bar
-@shorthands barh
-@shorthands histogram
-@shorthands barhist
-@shorthands stephist
-@shorthands scatterhist
-@shorthands histogram2d
-@shorthands density
-@shorthands heatmap
-@shorthands plots_heatmap
-@shorthands hexbin
-@shorthands sticks
-@shorthands hline
-@shorthands vline
-@shorthands hspan
-@shorthands vspan
-@shorthands ohlc
-@shorthands contour
-@shorthands contourf
-@shorthands contour3d
-@shorthands surface
-@shorthands wireframe
-@shorthands path3d
-@shorthands scatter3d
-@shorthands boxplot
-@shorthands violin
-@shorthands quiver
-@shorthands curves
-
-"Plot a pie diagram"
-pie(args...; kw...)        = plot(args...; kw...,  seriestype = :pie, aspect_ratio = :equal, grid=false, xticks=nothing, yticks=nothing)
-pie!(args...; kw...)       = plot!(args...; kw..., seriestype = :pie, aspect_ratio = :equal, grid=false, xticks=nothing, yticks=nothing)
-
-"Plot with seriestype :path3d"
-plot3d(args...; kw...)     = plot(args...; kw...,  seriestype = :path3d)
-plot3d!(args...; kw...)    = plot!(args...; kw..., seriestype = :path3d)
-
-"Add title to an existing plot"
-title!(s::AbstractString; kw...)                 = plot!(; title = s, kw...)
-
-"Add xlabel to an existing plot"
-xlabel!(s::AbstractString; kw...)                = plot!(; xlabel = s, kw...)
-
-"Add ylabel to an existing plot"
-ylabel!(s::AbstractString; kw...)                = plot!(; ylabel = s, kw...)
-
-"Set xlims for an existing plot"
-xlims!(lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:Real} = plot!(; xlims = lims, kw...)
-
-"Set ylims for an existing plot"
-ylims!(lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:Real} = plot!(; ylims = lims, kw...)
-
-"Set zlims for an existing plot"
-zlims!(lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:Real} = plot!(; zlims = lims, kw...)
-
-xlims!(xmin::Real, xmax::Real; kw...)                     = plot!(; xlims = (xmin,xmax), kw...)
-ylims!(ymin::Real, ymax::Real; kw...)                     = plot!(; ylims = (ymin,ymax), kw...)
-zlims!(zmin::Real, zmax::Real; kw...)                     = plot!(; zlims = (zmin,zmax), kw...)
-
-
-"Set xticks for an existing plot"
-xticks!(v::TicksArgs; kw...) where {T<:Real}                       = plot!(; xticks = v, kw...)
-
-"Set yticks for an existing plot"
-yticks!(v::TicksArgs; kw...) where {T<:Real}                       = plot!(; yticks = v, kw...)
-
-xticks!(
-ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:AbstractString}     = plot!(; xticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
-yticks!(
-ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:AbstractString}     = plot!(; yticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
-
-"Add annotations to an existing plot"
-annotate!(anns...; kw...)                                 = plot!(; annotation = anns, kw...)
-annotate!(anns::AVec{T}; kw...) where {T<:Tuple}                 = plot!(; annotation = anns, kw...)
-
-"Flip the current plots' x axis"
-xflip!(flip::Bool = true; kw...)                          = plot!(; xflip = flip, kw...)
-
-"Flip the current plots' y axis"
-yflip!(flip::Bool = true; kw...)                          = plot!(; yflip = flip, kw...)
-
-"Specify x axis attributes for an existing plot"
-xaxis!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; xaxis = args, kw...)
-
-"Specify x axis attributes for an existing plot"
-yaxis!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; yaxis = args, kw...)
-xgrid!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; xgrid = args, kw...)
-ygrid!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; ygrid = args, kw...)
+include("shorthands.jl")

 let PlotOrSubplot = Union{Plot, Subplot}
    global title!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, s::AbstractString; kw...)                  = plot!(plt; title = s, kw...)
@@ -309,4 +222,7 @@ end

 const CURRENT_BACKEND = CurrentBackend(:none)

+include("precompile.jl")
+_precompile_()
+
 end # module
@@ -60,31 +60,39 @@ end

 file_extension(fn) = Base.Filesystem.splitext(fn)[2][2:end]

-gif(anim::Animation, fn = giffn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim.dir, fn; kw...)
-mov(anim::Animation, fn = movfn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim.dir, fn, false; kw...)
-mp4(anim::Animation, fn = mp4fn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim.dir, fn, false; kw...)
+gif(anim::Animation, fn = giffn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim, fn; kw...)
+mov(anim::Animation, fn = movfn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim, fn, false; kw...)
+mp4(anim::Animation, fn = mp4fn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim, fn, false; kw...)

+ffmpeg_framerate(fps) = "$fps"
+ffmpeg_framerate(fps::Rational) = "$(fps.num)/$(fps.den)"

-function buildanimation(animdir::AbstractString, fn::AbstractString,
+function buildanimation(anim::Animation, fn::AbstractString,
                        is_animated_gif::Bool=true;
-                        fps::Integer = 20, loop::Integer = 0,
+                        fps::Real = 20, loop::Integer = 0,
                        variable_palette::Bool=false,
                        show_msg::Bool=true)
-    fn = abspath(fn)
+    if length(anim.frames) == 0
+        throw(ArgumentError("Cannot build empty animations"))
+    end
+
+    fn = abspath(expanduser(fn))
+    animdir = anim.dir
+    framerate = ffmpeg_framerate(fps)

    if is_animated_gif
        if variable_palette
            # generate a colorpalette for each frame for highest quality, but larger filesize
            palette="palettegen=stats_mode=single[pal],[0:v][pal]paletteuse=new=1"
-            run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -framerate $fps -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -lavfi "$palette" -y $fn`)
+            ffmpeg_exe(`-v 0 -framerate $framerate -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -lavfi "$palette" -y $fn`)
        else
            # generate a colorpalette first so ffmpeg does not have to guess it
-            run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -vf "palettegen=stats_mode=diff" -y "$(animdir)/palette.bmp"`)
+            ffmpeg_exe(`-v 0 -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -vf "palettegen=stats_mode=diff" -y "$(animdir)/palette.bmp"`)
            # then apply the palette to get better results
-            run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -framerate $fps -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -i "$(animdir)/palette.bmp" -lavfi "paletteuse=dither=sierra2_4a" -y $fn`)
+            ffmpeg_exe(` -v 0 -framerate $framerate -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -i "$(animdir)/palette.bmp" -lavfi "paletteuse=dither=sierra2_4a" -y $fn`)
        end
    else
-        run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -framerate $fps -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -pix_fmt yuv420p -y $fn`)
+        ffmpeg_exe(`-v 0 -framerate $framerate -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -pix_fmt yuv420p -y $fn`)
    end

    show_msg && @info("Saved animation to ", fn)
@@ -93,16 +101,30 @@ end



-# write out html to view the gif... note the rand call which is a hack so the image doesn't get cached
+# write out html to view the gif
 function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", agif::AnimatedGif)
    ext = file_extension(agif.filename)
-    write(io, if ext == "gif"
-        "<img src=\"$(relpath(agif.filename))?$(rand())>\" />"
+    if ext == "gif"
+        html = "<img src=\"data:image/gif;base64," * base64encode(read(agif.filename)) * "\" />"
    elseif ext in ("mov", "mp4")
-        "<video controls><source src=\"$(relpath(agif.filename))?$(rand())>\" type=\"video/$ext\"></video>"
+        mimetype = ext == "mov" ? "video/quicktime" : "video/mp4"
+        html = "<video controls><source src=\"data:$mimetype;base64," *
+               base64encode(read(agif.filename)) *
+               "\" type = \"$mimetype\"></video>"
    else
        error("Cannot show animation with extension $ext: $agif")
-    end)
+    end
+
+    write(io, html)
+    return nothing
+end
+
+
+# Only gifs can be shown via image/gif
+Base.showable(::MIME"image/gif", agif::AnimatedGif) = file_extension(agif.filename) == "gif"
+
+function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/gif", agif::AnimatedGif)
+    open(fio-> write(io, fio), agif.filename)
 end


@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 const _arg_desc = KW(

 # series args
-:label 				=> "String type. The label for a series, which appears in a legend.  If empty, no legend entry is added.",
+:label 			=> "String type. The label for a series, which appears in a legend.  If empty, no legend entry is added.",
 :seriescolor 		=> "Color Type. The base color for this series.  `:auto` (the default) will select a color from the subplot's `color_palette`, based on the order it was added to the subplot",
 :seriesalpha 		=> "Number in [0,1]. The alpha/opacity override for the series.  `nothing` (the default) means it will take the alpha value of the color.",
 :seriestype 		=> "Symbol. This is the identifier of the type of visualization for this series. Choose from $(_allTypes) or any series recipes which are defined.",
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :linewidth         	=> "Number. Width of the line (in pixels)",
 :linecolor         	=> "Color Type. Color of the line (for path and bar stroke).  `:match` will take the value from `:seriescolor`, (though histogram/bar types use `:black` as a default).",
 :linealpha         	=> "Number in [0,1]. The alpha/opacity override for the line.  `nothing` (the default) means it will take the alpha value of linecolor.",
-:fillrange         	=> "Number or AbstractVector.  Fills area from this to y for line-types, sets the base for bar/stick types, and similar for other types.",
+:fillrange         	=> "Number or AbstractVector.  Fills area between fillrange and y for line-types, sets the base for bar/stick types, and similar for other types.",
 :fillcolor         	=> "Color Type. Color of the filled area of path or bar types.  `:match` will take the value from `:seriescolor`.",
 :fillalpha         	=> "Number in [0,1]. The alpha/opacity override for the fill area.  `nothing` (the default) means it will take the alpha value of fillcolor.",
 :markershape       	=> "Symbol, Shape, or AbstractVector. Choose from $(_allMarkers).",
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :markerstrokewidth 	=> "Number. Width of the marker stroke (border. in pixels)",
 :markerstrokecolor 	=> "Color Type. Color of the marker stroke (border).  `:match` will take the value from `:foreground_color_subplot`.",
 :markerstrokealpha 	=> "Number in [0,1]. The alpha/opacity override for the marker stroke (border).  `nothing` (the default) means it will take the alpha value of markerstrokecolor.",
-:bins              	=> "Integer, NTuple{2,Integer}, AbstractVector or Symbol. Default is :auto (the Freedman-Diaconis rule). For histogram-types, defines the approximate number of bins to aim for, or the auto-binning algorithm to use (:sturges, :sqrt, :rice, :scott or :fd). For fine-grained control pass a Vector of break values, e.g. `range(min(x), stop = extrema(x), length = 25)`",
+:bins              	=> "Integer, NTuple{2,Integer}, AbstractVector or Symbol. Default is :auto (the Freedman-Diaconis rule). For histogram-types, defines the approximate number of bins to aim for, or the auto-binning algorithm to use (:sturges, :sqrt, :rice, :scott or :fd). For fine-grained control pass a Vector of break values, e.g. `range(minimum(x), stop = maximum(x), length = 25)`",
 :smooth            	=> "Bool.  Add a regression line?",
 :group             	=> "AbstractVector. Data is split into a separate series, one for each unique value in `group`.",
 :x                 	=> "Various. Input data. First Dimension",
@@ -29,26 +29,28 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :z                 	=> "Various. Input data. Third Dimension. May be wrapped by a `Surface` for surface and heatmap types.",
 :marker_z          	=> "AbstractVector, Function `f(x,y,z) -> z_value`, or Function `f(x,y) -> z_value`, or nothing. z-values for each series data point, which correspond to the color to be used from a markercolor gradient.",
 :line_z          	=> "AbstractVector, Function `f(x,y,z) -> z_value`, or Function `f(x,y) -> z_value`, or nothing. z-values for each series line segment, which correspond to the color to be used from a linecolor gradient.  Note that for N points, only the first N-1 values are used (one per line-segment).",
-:fill_z           => "Matrix{Float64} of the same size as z matrix, which specifies the color of the 3D surface; the default value is `nothing`.",
-:levels            	=> "Integer, NTuple{2,Integer}. Number of levels (or x-levels/y-levels) for a contour type.",
+:fill_z                 => "Matrix{Float64} of the same size as z matrix, which specifies the color of the 3D surface; the default value is `nothing`.",
+:levels            	=> "Integer, NTuple{2,Integer}, or AbstractVector. Levels or number of levels (or x-levels/y-levels) for a contour type.",
 :orientation       	=> "Symbol.  Horizontal or vertical orientation for bar types.  Values `:h`, `:hor`, `:horizontal` correspond to horizontal (sideways, anchored to y-axis), and `:v`, `:vert`, and `:vertical` correspond to vertical (the default).",
 :bar_position      	=> "Symbol.  Choose from `:overlay` (default), `:stack`.  (warning: May not be implemented fully)",
-:bar_width         	=> "nothing or Number. Width of bars in data coordinates. When nothing, chooses based on x (or y when `orientation = :h`).",
-:bar_edges         	=> "Bool.  Align bars to edges (true), or centers (the default)?",
-:xerror            	=> "AbstractVector or 2-Tuple of Vectors. x (horizontal) error relative to x-value.  If 2-tuple of vectors, the first vector corresponds to the left error (and the second to the right)",
+:bar_width              => "nothing or Number. Width of bars in data coordinates. When nothing, chooses based on x (or y when `orientation = :h`).",
+:bar_edges              => "Bool.  Align bars to edges (true), or centers (the default)?",
+:xerror                 => "AbstractVector or 2-Tuple of Vectors. x (horizontal) error relative to x-value.  If 2-tuple of vectors, the first vector corresponds to the left error (and the second to the right)",
 :yerror            	=> "AbstractVector or 2-Tuple of Vectors. y (vertical) error relative to y-value.  If 2-tuple of vectors, the first vector corresponds to the bottom error (and the second to the top)",
 :ribbon            	=> "Number or AbstractVector.  Creates a fillrange around the data points.",
 :quiver            	=> "AbstractVector or 2-Tuple of vectors.  The directional vectors U,V which specify velocity/gradient vectors for a quiver plot.",
 :arrow             	=> "nothing (no arrows), Bool (if true, default arrows), Arrow object, or arg(s) that could be style or head length/widths.  Defines arrowheads that should be displayed at the end of path line segments (just before a NaN and the last non-NaN point).  Used in quiverplot, streamplot, or similar.",
 :normalize         	=> "Bool or Symbol. Histogram normalization mode. Possible values are: false/:none (no normalization, default), true/:pdf (normalize to a discrete Probability Density Function, where the total area of the bins is 1), :probability (bin heights sum to 1) and :density (the area of each bin, rather than the height, is equal to the counts - useful for uneven bin sizes).",
 :weights           	=> "AbstractVector. Used in histogram types for weighted counts.",
+:show_empty_bins    => "Bool. Whether empty bins in a 2D histogram are colored as 0 (true), or transparent (the default).",
 :contours          	=> "Bool. Add contours to the side-grids of 3D plots?  Used in surface/wireframe.",
-:contour_labels     => "Bool. Show labels at the contour lines?",
+:contour_labels         => "Bool. Show labels at the contour lines?",
 :match_dimensions  	=> "Bool. For heatmap types... should the first dimension of a matrix (rows) correspond to the first dimension of the plot (x-axis)?  The default is false, which matches the behavior of Matplotlib, Plotly, and others.  Note: when passing a function for z, the function should still map `(x,y) -> z`.",
 :subplot           	=> "Integer (subplot index) or Subplot object.  The subplot that this series belongs to.",
-:series_annotations => "AbstractVector of String or PlotText.  These are annotations which are mapped to data points/positions.",
-:primary            => "Bool.  Does this count as a 'real series'?  For example, you could have a path (primary), and a scatter (secondary) as 2 separate series, maybe with different data (see sticks recipe for an example).  The secondary series will get the same color, etc as the primary.",
-:hover 				=> "nothing or vector of strings. Text to display when hovering over each data point.",
+:series_annotations     => "AbstractVector of String or PlotText.  These are annotations which are mapped to data points/positions.",
+:primary                => "Bool.  Does this count as a 'real series'?  For example, you could have a path (primary), and a scatter (secondary) as 2 separate series, maybe with different data (see sticks recipe for an example).  The secondary series will get the same color, etc as the primary.",
+:hover 	        	=> "nothing or vector of strings. Text to display when hovering over each data point.",
+:colorbar_entry   => "Bool.  Include this series in the color bar?  Set to `false` to exclude.",

 # plot args
 :plot_title               => "String. Title for the whole plot (not the subplots) (Note: Not currently implemented)",
@@ -63,11 +65,12 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :link                     => "Symbol.  How/whether to link axis limits between subplots. Values: `:none`, `:x` (x axes are linked by columns), `:y` (y axes are linked by rows), `:both` (x and y are linked), `:all` (every subplot is linked together regardless of layout position).",
 :overwrite_figure         => "Bool.  Should we reuse the same GUI window/figure when plotting (true) or open a new one (false).",
 :html_output_format       => "Symbol.  When writing html output, what is the format?  `:png` and `:svg` are currently supported.",
-:inset_subplots 		  => "nothing or vector of 2-tuple (parent,bbox).  optionally pass a vector of (parent,bbox) tuples which are the parent layout and the relative bounding box of inset subplots",
-:dpi 					  => "Number.  Dots Per Inch of output figures",
+:tex_output_standalone    => "Bool. When writing tex output, should the source include a preamble for a standalone document class.",
+:inset_subplots           => "nothing or vector of 2-tuple (parent,bbox).  optionally pass a vector of (parent,bbox) tuples which are the parent layout and the relative bounding box of inset subplots",
+:dpi 			  => "Number.  Dots Per Inch of output figures",
 :thickness_scaling        => "Number. Scale for the thickness of all line elements like lines, borders, axes, grid lines, ... defaults to 1.",
-:display_type 			  => "Symbol (`:auto`, `:gui`, or `:inline`).  When supported, `display` will either open a GUI window or plot inline.",
-:extra_kwargs 			  => "KW (Dict{Symbol,Any}).  Pass a map of extra keyword args which may be specific to a backend.",
+:display_type             => "Symbol (`:auto`, `:gui`, or `:inline`).  When supported, `display` will either open a GUI window or plot inline.",
+:extra_kwargs 	          => "KW (Dict{Symbol,Any}).  Pass a map of extra keyword args which may be specific to a backend.",
 :fontfamily               => "String or Symbol.  Default font family for title, legend entries, tick labels and guides",

 # subplot args
@@ -93,12 +96,19 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :legendfontvalign         => "Symbol. Font vertical alignment of legend entries: :vcenter, :top, :bottom or :center",
 :legendfontrotation       => "Real. Font rotation of legend entries",
 :legendfontcolor          => "Color Type. Font color of legend entries",
+:legendtitlefontfamily    => "String or Symbol. Font family of the legend title.",
+:legendtitlefontsize           => "Integer. Font pointsize the legend title.",
+:legendtitlefonthalign         => "Symbol. Font horizontal alignment of the legend title: :hcenter, :left, :right or :center",
+:legendtitlefontvalign         => "Symbol. Font vertical alignment of the legend title: :vcenter, :top, :bottom or :center",
+:legendtitlefontrotation       => "Real. Font rotation of the legend title",
+:legendtitlefontcolor          => "Color Type. Font color of the legend title",
 :colorbar                 => "Bool (show the colorbar?) or Symbol (colorbar position).  Symbol values: `:none`, `:best`, `:right`, `:left`, `:top`, `:bottom`, `:legend` (matches legend value) (note: only some may be supported in each backend)",
 :clims 					  => "`:auto` or NTuple{2,Number}.  Fixes the limits of the colorbar.",
 :legendfont               => "Font. Font of legend items.",
+:legendtitlefont          => "Font. Font of the legend title.",
 :annotations              => "(x,y,text) tuple(s).  Can be a single tuple or a list of them.  Text can be String or PlotText (created with `text(args...)`)  Add one-off text annotations at the x,y coordinates.",
 :projection               => "Symbol or String.  '3d' or 'polar'",
-:aspect_ratio             => "Symbol (:equal) or Number. Plot area is resized so that 1 y-unit is the same size as `apect_ratio` x-units.",
+:aspect_ratio             => "Symbol (:equal) or Number. Plot area is resized so that 1 y-unit is the same size as `aspect_ratio` x-units.",
 :margin                   => "Measure (multiply by `mm`, `px`, etc). Base for individual margins... not directly used.  Specifies the extra padding around subplots.",
 :left_margin              => "Measure (multiply by `mm`, `px`, etc) or `:match` (matches `:margin`).  Specifies the extra padding to the left of the subplot.",
 :top_margin               => "Measure (multiply by `mm`, `px`, etc) or `:match` (matches `:margin`).  Specifies the extra padding on the top of the subplot.",
@@ -110,14 +120,14 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :camera                   => "NTuple{2, Real}. Sets the view angle (azimuthal, elevation) for 3D plots",

 # axis args
-:guide     				  => "String. Axis guide (label).",
+:guide     		  => "String. Axis guide (label).",
 :guide_position		  => "Symbol. Position of axis guides: :top, :bottom, :left or :right",
-:lims      				  => "NTuple{2,Number} or Symbol. Force axis limits.  Only finite values are used (you can set only the right limit with `xlims = (-Inf, 2)` for example). `:round` widens the limit to the nearest round number ie. [0.1,3.6]=>[0.0,4.0]",
-:ticks     				  => "Vector of numbers (set the tick values), Tuple of (tickvalues, ticklabels), or `:auto`",
-:scale     				  => "Symbol. Scale of the axis: `:none`, `:ln`, `:log2`, `:log10`",
-:rotation  				  => "Number. Degrees rotation of tick labels.",
-:flip      				  => "Bool.  Should we flip (reverse) the axis?",
-:formatter 				  => "Function, :scientific, :plain or :auto. A method which converts a number to a string for tick labeling.",
+:lims      		  => "NTuple{2,Number} or Symbol. Force axis limits.  Only finite values are used (you can set only the right limit with `xlims = (-Inf, 2)` for example). `:round` widens the limit to the nearest round number ie. [0.1,3.6]=>[0.0,4.0]",
+:ticks     		  => "Vector of numbers (set the tick values), Tuple of (tickvalues, ticklabels), or `:auto`",
+:scale     		  => "Symbol. Scale of the axis: `:none`, `:ln`, `:log2`, `:log10`",
+:rotation  		  => "Number. Degrees rotation of tick labels.",
+:flip      		  => "Bool.  Should we flip (reverse) the axis?",
+:formatter                => "Function, :scientific, :plain or :auto. A method which converts a number to a string for tick labeling.",
 :tickfontfamily           => "String or Symbol. Font family of tick labels.",
 :tickfontsize             => "Integer. Font pointsize of tick labels.",
 :tickfonthalign           => "Symbol. Font horizontal alignment of tick labels: :hcenter, :left, :right or :center",
@@ -149,4 +159,5 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :tick_direction           => "Symbol.  Direction of the ticks. `:in` or `:out`",
 :showaxis                 => "Bool, Symbol or String.  Show the axis. `true`, `false`, `:show`, `:hide`, `:yes`, `:no`, `:x`, `:y`, `:z`, `:xy`, ..., `:all`, `:off`",
 :widen                    => "Bool. Widen the axis limits by a small factor to avoid cut-off markers and lines at the borders. Defaults to `true`.",
+:draw_arrow               => "Bool. Draw arrow at the end of the axis.",
 )
@@ -232,6 +232,7 @@ const _bar_width = 0.8

 const _series_defaults = KW(
    :label             => "AUTO",
+    :colorbar_entry    => true,
    :seriescolor       => :auto,
    :seriesalpha       => nothing,
    :seriestype        => :path,
@@ -271,6 +272,7 @@ const _series_defaults = KW(
    :arrow             => nothing,   # allows for adding arrows to line/path... call `arrow(args...)`
    :normalize         => false,     # do we want a normalized histogram?
    :weights           => nothing,   # optional weights for histograms (1D and 2D)
+    :show_empty_bins   => false,     # should empty bins in 2D histogram be colored as zero (otherwise they are transparent)
    :contours          => false,     # add contours to 3d surface and wireframe plots
    :contour_labels    => false,
    :match_dimensions  => false,     # do rows match x (true) or y (false) for heatmap/image/spy? see issue 196
@@ -298,6 +300,7 @@ const _plot_defaults = KW(
    :link                        => :none,
    :overwrite_figure            => true,
    :html_output_format          => :auto,
+    :tex_output_standalone       => false,
    :inset_subplots              => nothing,   # optionally pass a vector of (parent,bbox) tuples which are
                                               # the parent layout and the relative bounding box of inset subplots
    :dpi                         => DPI,        # dots per inch for images, etc
@@ -334,6 +337,12 @@ const _subplot_defaults = KW(
    :legendfontvalign         => :vcenter,
    :legendfontrotation       => 0.0,
    :legendfontcolor          => :match,
+    :legendtitlefontfamily    => :match,
+    :legendtitlefontsize      => 11,
+    :legendtitlefonthalign    => :hcenter,
+    :legendtitlefontvalign    => :vcenter,
+    :legendtitlefontrotation  => 0.0,
+    :legendtitlefontcolor     => :match,
    :annotations              => [],                # annotation tuples... list of (x,y,annotation)
    :projection               => :none,             # can also be :polar or :3d
    :aspect_ratio             => :none,             # choose from :none or :equal
@@ -390,6 +399,7 @@ const _axis_defaults = KW(
    :minorgrid                => false,
    :showaxis                 => true,
    :widen                    => true,
+    :draw_arrow               => false,
 )

 const _suppress_warnings = Set{Symbol}([
@@ -447,6 +457,7 @@ const _initial_axis_defaults = deepcopy(_axis_defaults)
 # to be able to reset font sizes to initial values
 const _initial_fontsizes = Dict(:titlefontsize  => _subplot_defaults[:titlefontsize],
                                :legendfontsize => _subplot_defaults[:legendfontsize],
+                                :legendtitlefontsize => _subplot_defaults[:legendtitlefontsize],
                                :tickfontsize   => _axis_defaults[:tickfontsize],
                                :guidefontsize  => _axis_defaults[:guidefontsize])

@@ -571,6 +582,7 @@ add_aliases(:xerror, :xerr, :xerrorbar)
 add_aliases(:yerror, :yerr, :yerrorbar, :err, :errorbar)
 add_aliases(:quiver, :velocity, :quiver2d, :gradient, :vectorfield)
 add_aliases(:normalize, :norm, :normed, :normalized)
+add_aliases(:show_empty_bins, :showemptybins, :showempty, :show_empty)
 add_aliases(:aspect_ratio, :aspectratio, :axis_ratio, :axisratio, :ratio)
 add_aliases(:match_dimensions, :transpose, :transpose_z)
 add_aliases(:subplot, :sp, :subplt, :splt)
@@ -682,15 +694,15 @@ function processLineArg(plotattributes::KW, arg)
        plotattributes[:linestyle] = arg

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Stroke
-        arg.width == nothing || (plotattributes[:linewidth] = arg.width)
-        arg.color == nothing || (plotattributes[:linecolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
-        arg.alpha == nothing || (plotattributes[:linealpha] = arg.alpha)
-        arg.style == nothing || (plotattributes[:linestyle] = arg.style)
+        arg.width === nothing || (plotattributes[:linewidth] = arg.width)
+        arg.color === nothing || (plotattributes[:linecolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
+        arg.alpha === nothing || (plotattributes[:linealpha] = arg.alpha)
+        arg.style === nothing || (plotattributes[:linestyle] = arg.style)

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Brush
-        arg.size  == nothing || (plotattributes[:fillrange] = arg.size)
-        arg.color == nothing || (plotattributes[:fillcolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
-        arg.alpha == nothing || (plotattributes[:fillalpha] = arg.alpha)
+        arg.size  === nothing || (plotattributes[:fillrange] = arg.size)
+        arg.color === nothing || (plotattributes[:fillcolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
+        arg.alpha === nothing || (plotattributes[:fillalpha] = arg.alpha)

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Arrow || arg in (:arrow, :arrows)
        plotattributes[:arrow] = arg
@@ -721,20 +733,24 @@ function processMarkerArg(plotattributes::KW, arg)
        plotattributes[:markerstrokestyle] = arg

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Stroke
-        arg.width == nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokewidth] = arg.width)
-        arg.color == nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
-        arg.alpha == nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokealpha] = arg.alpha)
-        arg.style == nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokestyle] = arg.style)
+        arg.width === nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokewidth] = arg.width)
+        arg.color === nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
+        arg.alpha === nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokealpha] = arg.alpha)
+        arg.style === nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokestyle] = arg.style)

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Brush
-        arg.size  == nothing || (plotattributes[:markersize]  = arg.size)
-        arg.color == nothing || (plotattributes[:markercolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
-        arg.alpha == nothing || (plotattributes[:markeralpha] = arg.alpha)
+        arg.size  === nothing || (plotattributes[:markersize]  = arg.size)
+        arg.color === nothing || (plotattributes[:markercolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
+        arg.alpha === nothing || (plotattributes[:markeralpha] = arg.alpha)

    # linealpha
    elseif allAlphas(arg)
        plotattributes[:markeralpha] = arg

+    # bool
+    elseif typeof(arg) <: Bool
+        plotattributes[:markershape] = arg ? :circle : :none
+
    # markersize
    elseif allReals(arg)
        plotattributes[:markersize] = arg
@@ -750,9 +766,9 @@ end
 function processFillArg(plotattributes::KW, arg)
    # fr = get(plotattributes, :fillrange, 0)
    if typeof(arg) <: Brush
-        arg.size  == nothing || (plotattributes[:fillrange] = arg.size)
-        arg.color == nothing || (plotattributes[:fillcolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
-        arg.alpha == nothing || (plotattributes[:fillalpha] = arg.alpha)
+        arg.size  === nothing || (plotattributes[:fillrange] = arg.size)
+        arg.color === nothing || (plotattributes[:fillcolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
+        arg.alpha === nothing || (plotattributes[:fillalpha] = arg.alpha)

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Bool
        plotattributes[:fillrange] = arg ? 0 : nothing
@@ -786,10 +802,10 @@ function processGridArg!(plotattributes::KW, arg, letter)
        plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :gridstyle)] = arg

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Stroke
-        arg.width == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :gridlinewidth)] = arg.width)
-        arg.color == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :foreground_color_grid)] = arg.color in (:auto, :match) ? :match : plot_color(arg.color))
-        arg.alpha == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :gridalpha)] = arg.alpha)
-        arg.style == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :gridstyle)] = arg.style)
+        arg.width === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :gridlinewidth)] = arg.width)
+        arg.color === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :foreground_color_grid)] = arg.color in (:auto, :match) ? :match : plot_color(arg.color))
+        arg.alpha === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :gridalpha)] = arg.alpha)
+        arg.style === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :gridstyle)] = arg.style)

    # linealpha
    elseif allAlphas(arg)
@@ -815,10 +831,10 @@ function processMinorGridArg!(plotattributes::KW, arg, letter)
        plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgrid)] = true

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Stroke
-        arg.width == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgridlinewidth)] = arg.width)
-        arg.color == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :foreground_color_minor_grid)] = arg.color in (:auto, :match) ? :match : plot_color(arg.color))
-        arg.alpha == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgridalpha)] = arg.alpha)
-        arg.style == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgridstyle)] = arg.style)
+        arg.width === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgridlinewidth)] = arg.width)
+        arg.color === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :foreground_color_minor_grid)] = arg.color in (:auto, :match) ? :match : plot_color(arg.color))
+        arg.alpha === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgridalpha)] = arg.alpha)
+        arg.style === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgridstyle)] = arg.style)
        plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgrid)] = true

    # linealpha
@@ -923,6 +939,15 @@ function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::KW)
        end
    end

+    # vline accesses the y argument but actually maps it to the x axis.
+    # Hence, we have to swap formatters
+    if get(plotattributes, :seriestype, :path) == :vline
+        xformatter = get(plotattributes, :xformatter, :auto)
+        yformatter = get(plotattributes, :yformatter, :auto)
+        plotattributes[:xformatter] = yformatter
+        plotattributes[:yformatter] = xformatter
+    end
+
    # handle grid args common to all axes
    args = pop!(plotattributes, :grid, ())
    for arg in wraptuple(args)
@@ -954,7 +979,7 @@ function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::KW)
        end
    end
    # fonts
-    for fontname in (:titlefont, :legendfont)
+    for fontname in (:titlefont, :legendfont, :legendtitlefont)
        args = pop!(plotattributes, fontname, ())
        for arg in wraptuple(args)
            processFontArg!(plotattributes, fontname, arg)
@@ -1023,7 +1048,7 @@ function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::KW)
            arrow()
        elseif a in (false, nothing, :none)
            nothing
-        elseif !(typeof(a) <: Arrow)
+        elseif !(typeof(a) <: Arrow || typeof(a) <: AbstractArray{Arrow})
            arrow(wraptuple(a)...)
        else
            a
@@ -1050,8 +1075,8 @@ function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::KW)

    # warnings for moved recipes
    st = get(plotattributes, :seriestype, :path)
-    if st in (:boxplot, :violin, :density) && !isdefined(Main, :StatPlots)
-        @warn("seriestype $st has been moved to StatPlots.  To use: \`Pkg.add(\"StatPlots\"); using StatPlots\`")
+    if st in (:boxplot, :violin, :density) && !isdefined(Main, :StatsPlots)
+        @warn("seriestype $st has been moved to StatsPlots.  To use: \`Pkg.add(\"StatsPlots\"); using StatsPlots\`")
    end

    return
@@ -1073,7 +1098,7 @@ function extractGroupArgs(v::AVec, args...; legendEntry = string)
    if n > 100
        @warn("You created n=$n groups... Is that intended?")
    end
-    groupIds = Vector{Int}[filter(i -> v[i] == glab, 1:length(v)) for glab in groupLabels]
+    groupIds = Vector{Int}[filter(i -> v[i] == glab, eachindex(v)) for glab in groupLabels]
    GroupBy(map(legendEntry, groupLabels), groupIds)
 end

@@ -1081,7 +1106,7 @@ legendEntryFromTuple(ns::Tuple) = join(ns, ' ')

 # this is when given a tuple of vectors of values to group by
 function extractGroupArgs(vs::Tuple, args...)
-    isempty(vs) && return GroupBy([""], [1:size(args[1],1)])
+    isempty(vs) && return GroupBy([""], [axes(args[1],1)])
    v = map(tuple, vs...)
    extractGroupArgs(v, args...; legendEntry = legendEntryFromTuple)
 end
@@ -1091,7 +1116,7 @@ legendEntryFromTuple(ns::NamedTuple) =
    join(["$k = $v" for (k, v) in pairs(ns)], ", ")

 function extractGroupArgs(vs::NamedTuple, args...)
-    isempty(vs) && return GroupBy([""], [1:size(args[1],1)])
+    isempty(vs) && return GroupBy([""], [axes(args[1],1)])
    v = map(NamedTuple{keys(vs)}∘tuple, values(vs)...)
    extractGroupArgs(v, args...; legendEntry = legendEntryFromTuple)
 end
@@ -1114,7 +1139,7 @@ end

 function _filter_input_data!(plotattributes::KW)
    idxfilter = pop!(plotattributes, :idxfilter, nothing)
-    if idxfilter != nothing
+    if idxfilter !== nothing
        filter_data!(plotattributes, idxfilter)
    end
 end
@@ -1180,7 +1205,7 @@ function convertLegendValue(val::Symbol)
        :best
    elseif val in (:no, :none)
        :none
-    elseif val in (:right, :left, :top, :bottom, :inside, :best, :legend, :topright, :topleft, :bottomleft, :bottomright, :outertopright)
+    elseif val in (:right, :left, :top, :bottom, :inside, :best, :legend, :topright, :topleft, :bottomleft, :bottomright, :outertopright, :outertopleft, :outertop, :outerright, :outerleft, :outerbottomright, :outerbottomleft, :outerbottom)
        val
    else
        error("Invalid symbol for legend: $val")
@@ -1200,7 +1225,8 @@ convertLegendValue(v::AbstractArray) = map(convertLegendValue, v)
 # anything else is returned as-is
 function slice_arg(v::AMat, idx::Int)
    c = mod1(idx, size(v,2))
-    size(v,1) == 1 ? v[1,c] : v[:,c]
+    m,n = axes(v)
+    size(v,1) == 1 ? v[first(m),n[c]] : v[:,n[c]]
 end
 slice_arg(wrapper::InputWrapper, idx) = wrapper.obj
 slice_arg(v, idx) = v
@@ -1230,7 +1256,7 @@ end
 #     v = plotattributes[k]
 #     plotattributes[k] = if v == :match
 #         match_color
-#     elseif v == nothing
+#     elseif v === nothing
 #         plot_color(RGBA(0,0,0,0))
 #     else
 #         v
@@ -1239,7 +1265,7 @@ end

 function color_or_nothing!(plotattributes::KW, k::Symbol)
    v = plotattributes[k]
-    plotattributes[k] = if v == nothing || v == false
+    plotattributes[k] = if v === nothing || v == false
        RGBA{Float64}(0,0,0,0)
    elseif v != :match
        plot_color(v)
@@ -1264,8 +1290,10 @@ const _match_map = KW(
    :bottom_margin => :margin,
    :titlefontfamily          => :fontfamily_subplot,
    :legendfontfamily         => :fontfamily_subplot,
+    :legendtitlefontfamily    => :fontfamily_subplot,
    :titlefontcolor           => :foreground_color_subplot,
    :legendfontcolor          => :foreground_color_subplot,
+    :legendtitlefontcolor     => :foreground_color_subplot,
    :tickfontcolor            => :foreground_color_text,
    :guidefontcolor           => :foreground_color_guide,
 )
@@ -1508,19 +1536,19 @@ function has_black_border_for_default(st::Symbol)
    like_histogram(st) || st in (:hexbin, :bar, :shape)
 end

-
-# converts a symbol or string into a colorant (Colors.RGB), and assigns a color automatically
-function getSeriesRGBColor(c, sp::Subplot, n::Int)
+# converts a symbol or string into a Colorant or ColorGradient
+# and assigns a color automatically
+function get_series_color(c, sp::Subplot, n::Int, seriestype)
    if c == :auto
-        c = autopick(sp[:color_palette], n)
+        c = like_surface(seriestype) ? cgrad() : autopick(sp[:color_palette], n)
    elseif isa(c, Int)
        c = autopick(sp[:color_palette], c)
    end
    plot_color(c)
 end

-function getSeriesRGBColor(c::AbstractArray, sp::Subplot, n::Int)
-    map(x->getSeriesRGBColor(x, sp, n), c)
+function get_series_color(c::AbstractArray, sp::Subplot, n::Int, seriestype)
+    map(x->get_series_color(x, sp, n, seriestype), c)
 end

 function ensure_gradient!(plotattributes::KW, csym::Symbol, asym::Symbol)
@@ -1556,30 +1584,32 @@ function _update_series_attributes!(plotattributes::KW, plt::Plot, sp::Subplot)

    # update alphas
    for asym in (:linealpha, :markeralpha, :fillalpha)
-        if plotattributes[asym] == nothing
+        if plotattributes[asym] === nothing
            plotattributes[asym] = plotattributes[:seriesalpha]
        end
    end
-    if plotattributes[:markerstrokealpha] == nothing
+    if plotattributes[:markerstrokealpha] === nothing
        plotattributes[:markerstrokealpha] = plotattributes[:markeralpha]
    end

    # update series color
-    plotattributes[:seriescolor] = getSeriesRGBColor(plotattributes[:seriescolor], sp, plotIndex)
+    scolor = plotattributes[:seriescolor]
+    stype = plotattributes[:seriestype]
+    plotattributes[:seriescolor] = scolor = get_series_color(scolor, sp, plotIndex, stype)

    # update other colors
    for s in (:line, :marker, :fill)
        csym, asym = Symbol(s,:color), Symbol(s,:alpha)
        plotattributes[csym] = if plotattributes[csym] == :auto
-            plot_color(if has_black_border_for_default(plotattributes[:seriestype]) && s == :line
+            plot_color(if has_black_border_for_default(stype) && s == :line
                sp[:foreground_color_subplot]
            else
-                plotattributes[:seriescolor]
+                scolor
            end)
        elseif plotattributes[csym] == :match
-            plot_color(plotattributes[:seriescolor])
+            plot_color(scolor)
        else
-            getSeriesRGBColor(plotattributes[csym], sp, plotIndex)
+            get_series_color(plotattributes[csym], sp, plotIndex, stype)
        end
    end

@@ -1587,19 +1617,19 @@ function _update_series_attributes!(plotattributes::KW, plt::Plot, sp::Subplot)
    plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor] = if plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor] == :match
        plot_color(sp[:foreground_color_subplot])
    elseif plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor] == :auto
-        getSeriesRGBColor(plotattributes[:markercolor], sp, plotIndex)
+        get_series_color(plotattributes[:markercolor], sp, plotIndex, stype)
    else
-        getSeriesRGBColor(plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor], sp, plotIndex)
+        get_series_color(plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor], sp, plotIndex, stype)
    end

    # if marker_z, fill_z or line_z are set, ensure we have a gradient
-    if plotattributes[:marker_z] != nothing
+    if plotattributes[:marker_z] !== nothing
        ensure_gradient!(plotattributes, :markercolor, :markeralpha)
    end
-    if plotattributes[:line_z] != nothing
+    if plotattributes[:line_z] !== nothing
        ensure_gradient!(plotattributes, :linecolor, :linealpha)
    end
-    if plotattributes[:fill_z] != nothing
+    if plotattributes[:fill_z] !== nothing
        ensure_gradient!(plotattributes, :fillcolor, :fillalpha)
    end

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ function process_axis_arg!(plotattributes::KW, arg, letter = "")
    elseif T <: AVec
        plotattributes[Symbol(letter,:ticks)] = arg

-    elseif arg == nothing
+    elseif arg === nothing
        plotattributes[Symbol(letter,:ticks)] = []

    elseif T <: Bool || arg in _allShowaxisArgs
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ end

 # -------------------------------------------------------------------------

-Base.show(io::IO, axis::Axis) = dumpdict(axis.plotattributes, "Axis", true)
+Base.show(io::IO, axis::Axis) = dumpdict(io, axis.plotattributes, "Axis", true)
 # Base.getindex(axis::Axis, k::Symbol) = getindex(axis.plotattributes, k)
 Base.setindex!(axis::Axis, v, ks::Symbol...) = setindex!(axis.plotattributes, v, ks...)
 Base.haskey(axis::Axis, k::Symbol) = haskey(axis.plotattributes, k)
@@ -152,8 +152,8 @@ scalefunc(scale::Symbol) = x -> get(_scale_funcs, scale, identity)(Float64(x))
 invscalefunc(scale::Symbol) = x -> get(_inv_scale_funcs, scale, identity)(Float64(x))
 labelfunc(scale::Symbol, backend::AbstractBackend) = get(_label_func, scale, string)

-function optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis::Axis, ticks = nothing)
-    amin,amax = axis_limits(axis)
+function optimal_ticks_and_labels(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis, ticks = nothing)
+    amin, amax = axis_limits(sp, axis[:letter])

    # scale the limits
    scale = axis[:scale]
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ function optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis::Axis, ticks = nothing)
    # or DateTime) is chosen based on the time span between amin and amax
    # rather than on the input format
    # TODO: maybe: non-trivial scale (:ln, :log2, :log10) for date/datetime
-    if ticks == nothing && scale == :identity
+    if ticks === nothing && scale == :identity
        if axis[:formatter] == dateformatter
            # optimize_datetime_ticks returns ticks and labels(!) based on
            # integers/floats corresponding to the DateTime type. Thus, the axes
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ function optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis::Axis, ticks = nothing)
    end

    # get a list of well-laid-out ticks
-    if ticks == nothing
+    if ticks === nothing
        scaled_ticks = optimize_ticks(
            sf(amin),
            sf(amax);
@@ -218,6 +218,8 @@ function optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis::Axis, ticks = nothing)
            map(labelfunc(scale, backend()), Showoff.showoff(scaled_ticks, :plain))
        elseif formatter == :scientific
            Showoff.showoff(unscaled_ticks, :scientific)
+	elseif formatter == :latex
+	    map(x -> string("\$", replace(convert_sci_unicode(x), '×' => "\\times"), "\$"), Showoff.showoff(unscaled_ticks, :auto))
        else
            # there was an override for the formatter... use that on the unscaled ticks
            map(formatter, unscaled_ticks)
@@ -238,9 +240,9 @@ function optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis::Axis, ticks = nothing)
 end

 # return (continuous_values, discrete_values) for the ticks on this axis
-function get_ticks(axis::Axis)
+function get_ticks(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis)
    ticks = _transform_ticks(axis[:ticks])
-    ticks in (nothing, false) && return nothing
+    ticks in (:none, nothing, false) && return nothing

    # treat :native ticks as :auto
    ticks = ticks == :native ? :auto : ticks
@@ -251,7 +253,7 @@ function get_ticks(axis::Axis)
            # discrete ticks...
            n = length(dvals)
            rng = if ticks == :auto
-                Int[round(Int,i) for i in range(1, stop=n, length=15)]
+                Int[round(Int,i) for i in range(1, stop=n, length=min(n,15))]
            else # if ticks == :all
                1:n
            end
@@ -261,7 +263,7 @@ function get_ticks(axis::Axis)
            (collect(0:pi/4:7pi/4), string.(0:45:315))
        else
            # compute optimal ticks and labels
-            optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis)
+            optimal_ticks_and_labels(sp, axis)
        end
    elseif typeof(ticks) <: Union{AVec, Int}
        if !isempty(dvals) && typeof(ticks) <: Int
@@ -269,7 +271,7 @@ function get_ticks(axis::Axis)
            axis[:continuous_values][rng], dvals[rng]
        else
            # override ticks, but get the labels
-            optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis, ticks)
+            optimal_ticks_and_labels(sp, axis, ticks)
        end
    elseif typeof(ticks) <: NTuple{2, Any}
        # assuming we're passed (ticks, labels)
@@ -286,16 +288,16 @@ _transform_ticks(ticks) = ticks
 _transform_ticks(ticks::AbstractArray{T}) where T <: Dates.TimeType = Dates.value.(ticks)
 _transform_ticks(ticks::NTuple{2, Any}) = (_transform_ticks(ticks[1]), ticks[2])

-function get_minor_ticks(axis,ticks)
-    axis[:minorticks] in (nothing, false) && !axis[:minorgrid] && return nothing
+function get_minor_ticks(sp, axis, ticks)
+    axis[:minorticks] in (:none, nothing, false) && !axis[:minorgrid] && return nothing
    ticks = ticks[1]
    length(ticks) < 2 && return nothing

-    amin, amax = axis_limits(axis)
+    amin, amax = axis_limits(sp, axis[:letter])
    #Add one phantom tick either side of the ticks to ensure minor ticks extend to the axis limits
    if length(ticks) > 2
        ratio = (ticks[3] - ticks[2])/(ticks[2] - ticks[1])
-    elseif axis[:scale] == :none
+    elseif axis[:scale] in (:none, :identity)
        ratio = 1
    else
        return nothing
@@ -309,7 +311,9 @@ function get_minor_ticks(axis,ticks)
    minorticks = typeof(ticks[1])[]
    for (i,hi) in enumerate(ticks[2:end])
        lo = ticks[i]
-        append!(minorticks,collect(lo + (hi-lo)/n :(hi-lo)/n: hi - (hi-lo)/2n))
+        if isfinite(lo) && hi > lo
+            append!(minorticks,collect(lo + (hi-lo)/n :(hi-lo)/n: hi - (hi-lo)/2n))
+        end
    end
    minorticks[amin .<= minorticks .<= amax]
 end
@@ -382,7 +386,7 @@ function expand_extrema!(sp::Subplot, plotattributes::KW)
                data = plotattributes[letter] = Surface(Matrix{Float64}(data.surf))
            end
            expand_extrema!(axis, data)
-        elseif data != nothing
+        elseif data !== nothing
            # TODO: need more here... gotta track the discrete reference value
            #       as well as any coord offset (think of boxplot shape coords... they all
            #       correspond to the same x-value)
@@ -399,10 +403,10 @@ function expand_extrema!(sp::Subplot, plotattributes::KW)

    # expand for fillrange
    fr = plotattributes[:fillrange]
-    if fr == nothing && plotattributes[:seriestype] == :bar
+    if fr === nothing && plotattributes[:seriestype] == :bar
        fr = 0.0
    end
-    if fr != nothing && !all3D(plotattributes)
+    if fr !== nothing && !all3D(plotattributes)
        axis = sp.attr[vert ? :yaxis : :xaxis]
        if typeof(fr) <: Tuple
            for fri in fr
@@ -419,7 +423,7 @@ function expand_extrema!(sp::Subplot, plotattributes::KW)
        data = plotattributes[dsym]

        bw = plotattributes[:bar_width]
-        if bw == nothing
+        if bw === nothing
            bw = plotattributes[:bar_width] = _bar_width * ignorenan_minimum(filter(x->x>0,diff(sort(data))))
        end
        axis = sp.attr[Symbol(dsym, :axis)]
@@ -479,11 +483,13 @@ function round_limits(amin,amax)
 end

 # using the axis extrema and limit overrides, return the min/max value for this axis
-function axis_limits(axis::Axis, should_widen::Bool = default_should_widen(axis))
+function axis_limits(sp, letter, should_widen = default_should_widen(sp[Symbol(letter, :axis)]), consider_aspect = true)
+    axis = sp[Symbol(letter, :axis)]
    ex = axis[:extrema]
    amin, amax = ex.emin, ex.emax
    lims = axis[:lims]
-    if (isa(lims, Tuple) || isa(lims, AVec)) && length(lims) == 2
+    has_user_lims = (isa(lims, Tuple) || isa(lims, AVec)) && length(lims) == 2
+    if has_user_lims
        if isfinite(lims[1])
            amin = lims[1]
        end
@@ -497,12 +503,12 @@ function axis_limits(axis::Axis, should_widen::Bool = default_should_widen(axis)
    if !isfinite(amin) && !isfinite(amax)
        amin, amax = 0.0, 1.0
    end
-    if ispolar(axis.sps[1])
+    amin, amax = if ispolar(axis.sps[1])
        if axis[:letter] == :x
            amin, amax = 0, 2pi
        elseif lims == :auto
            #widen max radius so ticks dont overlap with theta axis
-            amin, amax + 0.1 * abs(amax - amin)
+            0, amax + 0.1 * abs(amax - amin)
        else
            amin, amax
        end
@@ -513,6 +519,32 @@ function axis_limits(axis::Axis, should_widen::Bool = default_should_widen(axis)
    else
        amin, amax
    end
+
+    if !has_user_lims && consider_aspect && letter in (:x, :y) && !(sp[:aspect_ratio] in (:none, :auto) || is3d(:sp))
+        aspect_ratio = isa(sp[:aspect_ratio], Number) ? sp[:aspect_ratio] : 1
+        plot_ratio = height(plotarea(sp)) / width(plotarea(sp))
+        dist = amax - amin
+
+        if letter == :x
+            yamin, yamax = axis_limits(sp, :y, default_should_widen(sp[:yaxis]), false)
+            ydist = yamax - yamin
+            axis_ratio = aspect_ratio * ydist / dist
+            factor = axis_ratio / plot_ratio
+        else
+            xamin, xamax = axis_limits(sp, :x, default_should_widen(sp[:xaxis]), false)
+            xdist = xamax - xamin
+            axis_ratio = aspect_ratio * dist / xdist
+            factor = plot_ratio / axis_ratio
+        end
+
+        if factor > 1
+            center = (amin + amax) / 2
+            amin = center + factor * (amin - center)
+            amax = center + factor * (amax - center)
+        end
+    end
+
+    return amin, amax
 end

 # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -545,10 +577,10 @@ end

 # add the discrete value for each item.  return the continuous values and the indices
 function discrete_value!(axis::Axis, v::AVec)
-    n = length(v)
-    cvec = zeros(n)
-    discrete_indices = zeros(Int, n)
-    for i=1:n
+    n = eachindex(v)
+    cvec = zeros(axes(v))
+    discrete_indices = similar(Array{Int}, axes(v))
+    for i in n
        cvec[i], discrete_indices[i] = discrete_value!(axis, v[i])
    end
    cvec, discrete_indices
@@ -556,10 +588,10 @@ end

 # add the discrete value for each item.  return the continuous values and the indices
 function discrete_value!(axis::Axis, v::AMat)
-    n,m = size(v)
-    cmat = zeros(n,m)
-    discrete_indices = zeros(Int, n, m)
-    for i=1:n, j=1:m
+    n,m = axes(v)
+    cmat = zeros(axes(v))
+    discrete_indices = similar(Array{Int}, axes(v))
+    for i in n, j in m
        cmat[i,j], discrete_indices[i,j] = discrete_value!(axis, v[i,j])
    end
    cmat, discrete_indices
@@ -586,12 +618,12 @@ end
 # compute the line segments which should be drawn for this axis
 function axis_drawing_info(sp::Subplot)
    xaxis, yaxis = sp[:xaxis], sp[:yaxis]
-    xmin, xmax = axis_limits(xaxis)
-    ymin, ymax = axis_limits(yaxis)
-    xticks = get_ticks(xaxis)
-    yticks = get_ticks(yaxis)
-    xminorticks = get_minor_ticks(xaxis,xticks)
-    yminorticks = get_minor_ticks(yaxis,yticks)
+    xmin, xmax = axis_limits(sp, :x)
+    ymin, ymax = axis_limits(sp, :y)
+    xticks = get_ticks(sp, xaxis)
+    yticks = get_ticks(sp, yaxis)
+    xminorticks = get_minor_ticks(sp, xaxis, xticks)
+    yminorticks = get_minor_ticks(sp, yaxis, yticks)
    xaxis_segs = Segments(2)
    yaxis_segs = Segments(2)
    xtick_segs = Segments(2)
@@ -605,126 +637,370 @@ function axis_drawing_info(sp::Subplot)

    if sp[:framestyle] != :none
        # xaxis
+        y1, y2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+            0.0, 0.0
+        else
+            xor(xaxis[:mirror], yaxis[:flip]) ? (ymax, ymin) : (ymin, ymax)
+        end
        if xaxis[:showaxis]
            if sp[:framestyle] != :grid
-                y1, y2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-                    0.0, 0.0
-                else
-                    xor(xaxis[:mirror], yaxis[:flip]) ? (ymax, ymin) : (ymin, ymax)
-                end
                push!(xaxis_segs, (xmin, y1), (xmax, y1))
                # don't show the 0 tick label for the origin framestyle
-                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(xticks in (nothing,false)) && length(xticks) > 1
+                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(xticks in (:none, nothing, false)) && length(xticks) > 1
                    showticks = xticks[1] .!= 0
                    xticks = (xticks[1][showticks], xticks[2][showticks])
                end
            end
            sp[:framestyle] in (:semi, :box) && push!(xborder_segs, (xmin, y2), (xmax, y2)) # top spine
        end
-        if !(xaxis[:ticks] in (nothing, false))
+        if !(xaxis[:ticks] in (:none, nothing, false))
            f = scalefunc(yaxis[:scale])
            invf = invscalefunc(yaxis[:scale])
-            ticks_in = xaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
-            t1 = invf(f(ymin) + 0.015 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)
-            t2 = invf(f(ymax) - 0.015 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)
-            t3 = invf(f(0) + 0.015 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)
+            tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                t = invf(f(0) + 0.012 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)))
+                (-t, t)
+            else
+                ticks_in = xaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
+                t = invf(f(y1) + 0.012 * (f(y2) - f(y1)) * ticks_in)
+                (y1, t)
+            end

            for xtick in xticks[1]
                if xaxis[:showaxis]
-                    tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                        (0, t3)
-                    else
-                        xor(xaxis[:mirror], yaxis[:flip]) ? (ymax, t2) : (ymin, t1)
-                    end
                    push!(xtick_segs, (xtick, tick_start), (xtick, tick_stop)) # bottom tick
                end
-                # sp[:draw_axes_border] && push!(xaxis_segs, (xtick, ymax), (xtick, t2)) # top tick
                xaxis[:grid] && push!(xgrid_segs, (xtick, ymin), (xtick, ymax)) # vertical grid
            end
-        end
-        if !(xaxis[:minorticks] in (nothing, false)) || xaxis[:minorgrid]
-            f = scalefunc(yaxis[:scale])
-            invf = invscalefunc(yaxis[:scale])
-            ticks_in = xaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
-            t1 = invf(f(ymin) + 0.01 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)
-            t2 = invf(f(ymax) - 0.01 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)
-            t3 = invf(f(0) + 0.01 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)

-            for xminortick in xminorticks
-                if xaxis[:showaxis]
-                    tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                        (0, t3)
-                    else
-                        xor(xaxis[:mirror], yaxis[:flip]) ? (ymax, t2) : (ymin, t1)
-                    end
-                    push!(xtick_segs, (xminortick, tick_start), (xminortick, tick_stop)) # bottom tick
+            if !(xaxis[:minorticks] in (:none, nothing, false)) || xaxis[:minorgrid]
+                tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                    t = invf(f(0) + 0.006 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)))
+                    (-t, t)
+                else
+                    t = invf(f(y1) + 0.006 * (f(y2) - f(y1)) * ticks_in)
+                    (y1, t)
+                end
+                for xtick in xminorticks
+                    if xaxis[:showaxis]
+                        push!(xtick_segs, (xtick, tick_start), (xtick, tick_stop)) # bottom tick
+                    end
+                    xaxis[:minorgrid] && push!(xminorgrid_segs, (xtick, ymin), (xtick, ymax)) # vertical grid
                end
-                # sp[:draw_axes_border] && push!(xaxis_segs, (xtick, ymax), (xtick, t2)) # top tick
-                xaxis[:minorgrid] && push!(xminorgrid_segs, (xminortick, ymin), (xminortick, ymax)) # vertical grid
            end
        end


        # yaxis
+        x1, x2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+            0.0, 0.0
+        else
+            xor(yaxis[:mirror], xaxis[:flip]) ? (xmax, xmin) : (xmin, xmax)
+        end
        if yaxis[:showaxis]
            if sp[:framestyle] != :grid
-                x1, x2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-                    0.0, 0.0
-                else
-                    xor(yaxis[:mirror], xaxis[:flip]) ? (xmax, xmin) : (xmin, xmax)
-                end
                push!(yaxis_segs, (x1, ymin), (x1, ymax))
                # don't show the 0 tick label for the origin framestyle
-                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(yticks in (nothing,false)) && length(yticks) > 1
+                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(yticks in (:none, nothing,false)) && length(yticks) > 1
                    showticks = yticks[1] .!= 0
                    yticks = (yticks[1][showticks], yticks[2][showticks])
                end
            end
            sp[:framestyle] in (:semi, :box) && push!(yborder_segs, (x2, ymin), (x2, ymax)) # right spine
        end
-        if !(yaxis[:ticks] in (nothing, false))
+        if !(yaxis[:ticks] in (:none, nothing, false))
            f = scalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
            invf = invscalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
-            ticks_in = yaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
-            t1 = invf(f(xmin) + 0.015 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)
-            t2 = invf(f(xmax) - 0.015 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)
-            t3 = invf(f(0) + 0.015 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)
+            tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                t = invf(f(0) + 0.012 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)))
+                (-t, t)
+            else
+                ticks_in = yaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
+                t = invf(f(x1) + 0.012 * (f(x2) - f(x1)) * ticks_in)
+                (x1, t)
+            end

            for ytick in yticks[1]
                if yaxis[:showaxis]
-                    tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                        (0, t3)
-                    else
-                        xor(yaxis[:mirror], xaxis[:flip]) ? (xmax, t2) : (xmin, t1)
-                    end
                    push!(ytick_segs, (tick_start, ytick), (tick_stop, ytick)) # left tick
                end
-                # sp[:draw_axes_border] && push!(yaxis_segs, (xmax, ytick), (t2, ytick)) # right tick
                yaxis[:grid] && push!(ygrid_segs, (xmin, ytick), (xmax, ytick)) # horizontal grid
            end
-        end
-        if !(yaxis[:minorticks] in (nothing, false)) || yaxis[:minorgrid]
-            f = scalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
-            invf = invscalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
-            ticks_in = yaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
-            t1 = invf(f(xmin) + 0.01 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)
-            t2 = invf(f(xmax) - 0.01 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)
-            t3 = invf(f(0) + 0.01 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)

-            for ytick in yminorticks
-                if yaxis[:showaxis]
-                    tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                        (0, t3)
-                    else
-                        xor(yaxis[:mirror], xaxis[:flip]) ? (xmax, t2) : (xmin, t1)
-                    end
-                    push!(ytick_segs, (tick_start, ytick), (tick_stop, ytick)) # left tick
+            if !(yaxis[:minorticks] in (:none, nothing, false)) || yaxis[:minorgrid]
+                tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                    t = invf(f(0) + 0.006 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)))
+                    (-t, t)
+                else
+                    t = invf(f(x1) + 0.006 * (f(x2) - f(x1)) * ticks_in)
+                    (x1, t)
+                end
+                for ytick in yminorticks
+                    if yaxis[:showaxis]
+                        push!(ytick_segs, (tick_start, ytick), (tick_stop, ytick)) # left tick
+                    end
+                    yaxis[:minorgrid] && push!(yminorgrid_segs, (xmin, ytick), (xmax, ytick)) # horizontal grid
                end
-                # sp[:draw_axes_border] && push!(yaxis_segs, (xmax, ytick), (t2, ytick)) # right tick
-                yaxis[:minorgrid] && push!(yminorgrid_segs, (xmin, ytick), (xmax, ytick)) # horizontal grid
            end
        end
    end

    xticks, yticks, xaxis_segs, yaxis_segs, xtick_segs, ytick_segs, xgrid_segs, ygrid_segs, xminorgrid_segs, yminorgrid_segs, xborder_segs, yborder_segs
 end
+
+
+function axis_drawing_info_3d(sp::Subplot)
+    xaxis, yaxis, zaxis = sp[:xaxis], sp[:yaxis], sp[:zaxis]
+    xmin, xmax = axis_limits(sp, :x)
+    ymin, ymax = axis_limits(sp, :y)
+    zmin, zmax = axis_limits(sp, :z)
+    xticks = get_ticks(sp, xaxis)
+    yticks = get_ticks(sp, yaxis)
+    zticks = get_ticks(sp, zaxis)
+    xminorticks = get_minor_ticks(sp, xaxis, xticks)
+    yminorticks = get_minor_ticks(sp, yaxis, yticks)
+    zminorticks = get_minor_ticks(sp, zaxis, zticks)
+    xaxis_segs = Segments(3)
+    yaxis_segs = Segments(3)
+    zaxis_segs = Segments(3)
+    xtick_segs = Segments(3)
+    ytick_segs = Segments(3)
+    ztick_segs = Segments(3)
+    xgrid_segs = Segments(3)
+    ygrid_segs = Segments(3)
+    zgrid_segs = Segments(3)
+    xminorgrid_segs = Segments(3)
+    yminorgrid_segs = Segments(3)
+    zminorgrid_segs = Segments(3)
+    xborder_segs = Segments(3)
+    yborder_segs = Segments(3)
+    zborder_segs = Segments(3)
+
+    if sp[:framestyle] != :none
+
+        # xaxis
+        y1, y2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+            0.0, 0.0
+        else
+            xor(xaxis[:mirror], yaxis[:flip]) ? (ymax, ymin) : (ymin, ymax)
+        end
+        z1, z2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+            0.0, 0.0
+        else
+            xor(xaxis[:mirror], zaxis[:flip]) ? (zmax, zmin) : (zmin, zmax)
+        end
+        if xaxis[:showaxis]
+            if sp[:framestyle] != :grid
+                push!(xaxis_segs, (xmin, y1, z1), (xmax, y1, z1))
+                # don't show the 0 tick label for the origin framestyle
+                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(xticks in (:none, nothing, false)) && length(xticks) > 1
+                    showticks = xticks[1] .!= 0
+                    xticks = (xticks[1][showticks], xticks[2][showticks])
+                end
+            end
+            sp[:framestyle] in (:semi, :box) && push!(xborder_segs, (xmin, y2, z2), (xmax, y2, z2)) # top spine
+        end
+        if !(xaxis[:ticks] in (:none, nothing, false))
+            f = scalefunc(yaxis[:scale])
+            invf = invscalefunc(yaxis[:scale])
+            tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                t = invf(f(0) + 0.012 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)))
+                (-t, t)
+            else
+                ticks_in = xaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
+                t = invf(f(y1) + 0.012 * (f(y2) - f(y1)) * ticks_in)
+                (y1, t)
+            end
+
+            for xtick in xticks[1]
+                if xaxis[:showaxis]
+                    push!(xtick_segs, (xtick, tick_start, z1), (xtick, tick_stop, z1)) # bottom tick
+                end
+                if xaxis[:grid]
+                    if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+                        push!(xgrid_segs, (xtick, ymin, 0.0), (xtick, ymax, 0.0))
+                        push!(xgrid_segs, (xtick, 0.0, zmin), (xtick, 0.0, zmax))
+                    else
+                        push!(xgrid_segs, (xtick, y1, z1), (xtick, y2, z1))
+                        push!(xgrid_segs, (xtick, y2, z1), (xtick, y2, z2))
+                    end
+                end
+            end
+
+            if !(xaxis[:minorticks] in (:none, nothing, false)) || xaxis[:minorgrid]
+                tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                    t = invf(f(0) + 0.006 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)))
+                    (-t, t)
+                else
+                    t = invf(f(y1) + 0.006 * (f(y2) - f(y1)) * ticks_in)
+                    (y1, t)
+                end
+                for xtick in xminorticks
+                    if xaxis[:showaxis]
+                        push!(xtick_segs, (xtick, tick_start, z1), (xtick, tick_stop, z1)) # bottom tick
+                    end
+                    if xaxis[:minorgrid]
+                        if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+                            push!(xminorgrid_segs, (xtick, ymin, 0.0), (xtick, ymax, 0.0))
+                            push!(xminorgrid_segs, (xtick, 0.0, zmin), (xtick, 0.0, zmax))
+                        else
+                            push!(xminorgrid_segs, (xtick, y1, z1), (xtick, y2, z1))
+                            push!(xminorgrid_segs, (xtick, y2, z1), (xtick, y2, z2))
+                        end
+                    end
+                end
+            end
+        end
+
+
+        # yaxis
+        x1, x2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+            0.0, 0.0
+        else
+            xor(yaxis[:mirror], xaxis[:flip]) ? (xmin, xmax) : (xmax, xmin)
+        end
+        z1, z2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+            0.0, 0.0
+        else
+            xor(yaxis[:mirror], zaxis[:flip]) ? (zmax, zmin) : (zmin, zmax)
+        end
+        if yaxis[:showaxis]
+            if sp[:framestyle] != :grid
+                push!(yaxis_segs, (x1, ymin, z1), (x1, ymax, z1))
+                # don't show the 0 tick label for the origin framestyle
+                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(yticks in (:none, nothing,false)) && length(yticks) > 1
+                    showticks = yticks[1] .!= 0
+                    yticks = (yticks[1][showticks], yticks[2][showticks])
+                end
+            end
+            sp[:framestyle] in (:semi, :box) && push!(yborder_segs, (x2, ymin, z2), (x2, ymax, z2)) # right spine
+        end
+        if !(yaxis[:ticks] in (:none, nothing, false))
+            f = scalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
+            invf = invscalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
+            tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                t = invf(f(0) + 0.012 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)))
+                (-t, t)
+            else
+                ticks_in = yaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
+                t = invf(f(x1) + 0.012 * (f(x2) - f(x1)) * ticks_in)
+                (x1, t)
+            end
+
+            for ytick in yticks[1]
+                if yaxis[:showaxis]
+                    push!(ytick_segs, (tick_start, ytick, z1), (tick_stop, ytick, z1)) # left tick
+                end
+                if yaxis[:grid]
+                    if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+                        push!(ygrid_segs, (xmin, ytick, 0.0), (xmax, ytick, 0.0))
+                        push!(ygrid_segs, (0.0, ytick, zmin), (0.0, ytick, zmax))
+                    else
+                        push!(ygrid_segs, (x1, ytick, z1), (x2, ytick, z1))
+                        push!(ygrid_segs, (x2, ytick, z1), (x2, ytick, z2))
+                    end
+                end
+            end
+
+            if !(yaxis[:minorticks] in (:none, nothing, false)) || yaxis[:minorgrid]
+                tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                    t = invf(f(0) + 0.006 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)))
+                    (-t, t)
+                else
+                    t = invf(f(x1) + 0.006 * (f(x2) - f(x1)) * ticks_in)
+                    (x1, t)
+                end
+                for ytick in yminorticks
+                    if yaxis[:showaxis]
+                        push!(ytick_segs, (tick_start, ytick, z1), (tick_stop, ytick, z1)) # left tick
+                    end
+                    if yaxis[:minorgrid]
+                        if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+                            push!(yminorgrid_segs, (xmin, ytick, 0.0), (xmax, ytick, 0.0))
+                            push!(yminorgrid_segs, (0.0, ytick, zmin), (0.0, ytick, zmax))
+                        else
+                            push!(yminorgrid_segs, (x1, ytick, z1), (x2, ytick, z1))
+                            push!(yminorgrid_segs, (x2, ytick, z1), (x2, ytick, z2))
+                        end
+                    end
+                end
+            end
+        end
+
+
+        # zaxis
+        x1, x2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+            0.0, 0.0
+        else
+            xor(zaxis[:mirror], xaxis[:flip]) ? (xmax, xmin) : (xmin, xmax)
+        end
+        y1, y2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+            0.0, 0.0
+        else
+            xor(zaxis[:mirror], yaxis[:flip]) ? (ymax, ymin) : (ymin, ymax)
+        end
+        if zaxis[:showaxis]
+            if sp[:framestyle] != :grid
+                push!(zaxis_segs, (x1, y1, zmin), (x1, y1, zmax))
+                # don't show the 0 tick label for the origin framestyle
+                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(zticks in (:none, nothing,false)) && length(zticks) > 1
+                    showticks = zticks[1] .!= 0
+                    zticks = (zticks[1][showticks], zticks[2][showticks])
+                end
+            end
+            sp[:framestyle] in (:semi, :box) && push!(zborder_segs, (x2, y2, zmin), (x2, y2, zmax))
+        end
+        if !(zaxis[:ticks] in (:none, nothing, false))
+            f = scalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
+            invf = invscalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
+            tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                t = invf(f(0) + 0.012 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)))
+                (-t, t)
+            else
+                ticks_in = zaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
+                t = invf(f(y1) + 0.012 * (f(y2) - f(y1)) * ticks_in)
+                (y1, t)
+            end
+
+            for ztick in zticks[1]
+                if zaxis[:showaxis]
+                    push!(ztick_segs, (x1, tick_start, ztick), (x1, tick_stop, ztick)) # left tick
+                end
+                if zaxis[:grid]
+                    if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+                        push!(zgrid_segs, (xmin, 0.0, ztick), (xmax, 0.0, ztick))
+                        push!(ygrid_segs, (0.0, ymin, ztick), (0.0, ymax, ztick))
+                    else
+                        push!(ygrid_segs, (x1, y1, ztick), (x1, y2, ztick))
+                        push!(ygrid_segs, (x1, y2, ztick), (x2, y2, ztick))
+                    end
+                end
+            end
+
+            if !(zaxis[:minorticks] in (:none, nothing, false)) || zaxis[:minorgrid]
+                tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                    t = invf(f(0) + 0.006 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)))
+                    (-t, t)
+                else
+                    t = invf(f(y1) + 0.006 * (f(y2) - f(y1)) * ticks_in)
+                    (y1, t)
+                end
+                for ztick in zminorticks
+                    if zaxis[:showaxis]
+                        push!(ztick_segs, (x1, tick_start, ztick), (x1, tick_stop, ztick)) # left tick
+                    end
+                    if zaxis[:minorgrid]
+                        if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+                            push!(zminorgrid_segs, (xmin, 0.0, ztick), (xmax, 0.0, ztick))
+                            push!(zminorgrid_segs, (0.0, ymin, ztick), (0.0, ymax, ztick))
+                        else
+                            push!(zminorgrid_segs, (x1, y1, ztick), (x1, y2, ztick))
+                            push!(zminorgrid_segs, (x1, y2, ztick), (x2, y2, ztick))
+                        end
+                    end
+                end
+            end
+        end
+    end
+
+    xticks, yticks, zticks, xaxis_segs, yaxis_segs, zaxis_segs, xtick_segs, ytick_segs, ztick_segs, xgrid_segs, ygrid_segs, zgrid_segs, xminorgrid_segs, yminorgrid_segs, zminorgrid_segs, xborder_segs, yborder_segs, zborder_segs
+end
@@ -7,16 +7,20 @@ const _backendSymbol = Dict{DataType, Symbol}(NoBackend => :none)
 const _backends = Symbol[]
 const _initialized_backends = Set{Symbol}()
 const _default_backends = (:none, :gr, :plotly)
-const _backendPackage = Dict{Symbol, Symbol}()
+
+const _backend_packages = Dict{Symbol, Symbol}()

 "Returns a list of supported backends"
 backends() = _backends

 "Returns the name of the current backend"
 backend_name() = CURRENT_BACKEND.sym
-_backend_instance(sym::Symbol) = haskey(_backendType, sym) ? _backendType[sym]() : error("Unsupported backend $sym")
-backend_package(pkg::Symbol) = pkg in _default_backends ? :Plots : Symbol("Plots", _backendPackage[pkg])
-backend_package_name(sym::Symbol) = sym in _default_backends ? :Plots : _backendPackage[sym]
+
+function _backend_instance(sym::Symbol)::AbstractBackend
+    haskey(_backendType, sym) ? _backendType[sym]() : error("Unsupported backend $sym")
+end
+
+backend_package_name(sym::Symbol) = _backend_packages[sym]

 macro init_backend(s)
    package_str = string(s)
@@ -26,14 +30,13 @@ macro init_backend(s)
    esc(quote
        struct $T <: AbstractBackend end
        export $sym
-        $sym(; kw...) = (default(; kw...); backend(Symbol($str)))
+        $sym(; kw...) = (default(; kw...); backend($T()))
        backend_name(::$T) = Symbol($str)
        backend_package_name(pkg::$T) = backend_package_name(Symbol($str))
        push!(_backends, Symbol($str))
        _backendType[Symbol($str)] = $T
        _backendSymbol[$T] = Symbol($str)
-        _backendPackage[Symbol($str)] = Symbol($package_str)
-        # include("backends/" * $str * ".jl")
+        _backend_packages[Symbol($str)] = Symbol($package_str)
    end)
 end

@@ -42,12 +45,6 @@ end

 # ---------------------------------------------------------

-function add_backend(pkg::Symbol)
-    @info("To do a standard install of $pkg, copy and run this:\n\n")
-    println(add_backend_string(_backend_instance(pkg)))
-    println()
-end
-
 # don't do anything as a default
 _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot) = nothing
 _prepare_plot_object(plt::Plot) = nothing
@@ -77,9 +74,9 @@ end
 text_size(lab::AbstractString, sz::Number, rot::Number = 0) = text_size(length(lab), sz, rot)

 # account for the size/length/rotation of tick labels
-function tick_padding(axis::Axis)
-    ticks = get_ticks(axis)
-    if ticks == nothing
+function tick_padding(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis)
+    ticks = get_ticks(sp, axis)
+    if ticks === nothing
        0mm
    else
        vals, labs = ticks
@@ -108,10 +105,10 @@ end
 # to fit ticks, tick labels, guides, colorbars, etc.
 function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot)
    # TODO: something different when `is3d(sp) == true`
-    leftpad   = tick_padding(sp[:yaxis]) + sp[:left_margin]   + guide_padding(sp[:yaxis])
+    leftpad   = tick_padding(sp, sp[:yaxis]) + sp[:left_margin]   + guide_padding(sp[:yaxis])
    toppad    = sp[:top_margin]    + title_padding(sp)
    rightpad  = sp[:right_margin]
-    bottompad = tick_padding(sp[:xaxis]) + sp[:bottom_margin] + guide_padding(sp[:xaxis])
+    bottompad = tick_padding(sp, sp[:xaxis]) + sp[:bottom_margin] + guide_padding(sp[:xaxis])

    # switch them?
    if sp[:xaxis][:mirror]
@@ -138,33 +135,22 @@ CurrentBackend(sym::Symbol) = CurrentBackend(sym, _backend_instance(sym))

 # ---------------------------------------------------------

-function pickDefaultBackend()
+_fallback_default_backend() = backend(GRBackend())
+
+function _pick_default_backend()
    env_default = get(ENV, "PLOTS_DEFAULT_BACKEND", "")
    if env_default != ""
        sym = Symbol(lowercase(env_default))
        if sym in _backends
-            if sym in _initialized_backends
-                return backend(sym)
-            else
-                @warn("You have set `PLOTS_DEFAULT_BACKEND=$env_default` but `$(backend_package_name(sym))` is not loaded.")
-            end
+            backend(sym)
        else
            @warn("You have set PLOTS_DEFAULT_BACKEND=$env_default but it is not a valid backend package.  Choose from:\n\t" *
                 join(sort(_backends), "\n\t"))
+            _fallback_default_backend()
        end
+    else
+        _fallback_default_backend()
    end
-
-    # the ordering/inclusion of this package list is my semi-arbitrary guess at
-    # which one someone will want to use if they have the package installed...accounting for
-    # features, speed, and robustness
-    # for pkgstr in ("GR", "PyPlot", "PlotlyJS", "PGFPlots", "UnicodePlots", "InspectDR")
-    #     if pkgstr in keys(Pkg.installed())
-    #         return backend(Symbol(lowercase(pkgstr)))
-    #     end
-    # end
-
-    # the default if nothing else is installed
-    backend(:gr)
 end


@@ -174,13 +160,11 @@ end
 Returns the current plotting package name.  Initializes package on first call.
 """
 function backend()
+    if CURRENT_BACKEND.sym == :none
+        _pick_default_backend()
+    end

-  global CURRENT_BACKEND
-  if CURRENT_BACKEND.sym == :none
-    pickDefaultBackend()
-  end
-
-  CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg
+    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg
 end

 """
@@ -188,20 +172,13 @@ Set the plot backend.
 """
 function backend(pkg::AbstractBackend)
    sym = backend_name(pkg)
-    if sym in _initialized_backends
-        CURRENT_BACKEND.sym = backend_name(pkg)
-        CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = pkg
-    else
-        # try
-            _initialize_backend(pkg)
-            push!(_initialized_backends, sym)
-            CURRENT_BACKEND.sym = backend_name(pkg)
-            CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = pkg
-        # catch
-        #     add_backend(sym)
-        # end
+    if !(sym in _initialized_backends)
+        _initialize_backend(pkg)
+        push!(_initialized_backends, sym)
    end
-    backend()
+    CURRENT_BACKEND.sym = sym
+    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = pkg
+    pkg
 end

 function backend(sym::Symbol)
@@ -209,8 +186,8 @@ function backend(sym::Symbol)
        backend(_backend_instance(sym))
    else
        @warn("`:$sym` is not a supported backend.")
+        backend()
    end
-    backend()
 end

 const _deprecated_backends = [:qwt, :winston, :bokeh, :gadfly, :immerse, :glvisualize]
@@ -251,7 +228,7 @@ const _base_supported_args = [
    :subplot_index,
    :discrete_values,
    :projection,
-
+    :show_empty_bins
 ]

 function merge_with_base_supported(v::AVec)
@@ -274,6 +251,7 @@ end
@init_backend PlotlyJS
@init_backend GR
@init_backend PGFPlots
+@init_backend PGFPlotsX
@init_backend InspectDR
@init_backend HDF5

@@ -316,13 +294,7 @@ function _initialize_backend(pkg::AbstractBackend)
    end
 end

-function add_backend_string(pkg::AbstractBackend)
-    sym = backend_package_name(pkg)
-    """
-    using Pkg
-    Pkg.add("$sym")
-    """
-end
+_initialize_backend(pkg::GRBackend) = nothing

 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # gr
@@ -352,7 +324,7 @@ const _gr_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :guidefontfamily, :guidefontsize, :guidefonthalign, :guidefontvalign,
    :guidefontrotation, :guidefontcolor,
    :grid, :gridalpha, :gridstyle, :gridlinewidth,
-    :legend, :legendtitle, :colorbar, :colorbar_title,
+    :legend, :legendtitle, :colorbar, :colorbar_title, :colorbar_entry,
    :fill_z, :line_z, :marker_z, :levels,
    :ribbon, :quiver,
    :orientation,
@@ -371,7 +343,7 @@ const _gr_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
 const _gr_seriestype = [
    :path, :scatter, :straightline,
    :heatmap, :pie, :image,
-    :contour, :path3d, :scatter3d, :surface, :wireframe,
+    :contour, :path3d, :scatter3d, :surface, :wireframe, :volume,
    :shape
 ]
 const _gr_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
@@ -379,16 +351,19 @@ const _gr_marker = _allMarkers
 const _gr_scale = [:identity, :log10]
 is_marker_supported(::GRBackend, shape::Shape) = true

-function add_backend_string(::GRBackend)
-    """
-    Pkg.add("GR")
-    Pkg.build("GR")
-    """
-end
-
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # plotly

+function _initialize_backend(pkg::PlotlyBackend)
+    try
+        @eval Main begin
+            import ORCA
+        end
+    catch
+        @info "For saving to png with the Plotly backend ORCA has to be installed."
+    end
+end
+
 const _plotly_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :annotations,
    :background_color_legend, :background_color_inside, :background_color_outside,
@@ -413,7 +388,7 @@ const _plotly_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :guide, :lims, :ticks, :scale, :flip, :rotation,
    :tickfont, :guidefont, :legendfont,
    :grid, :gridalpha, :gridlinewidth,
-    :legend, :colorbar, :colorbar_title,
+    :legend, :colorbar, :colorbar_title, :colorbar_entry,
    :marker_z, :fill_z, :line_z, :levels,
    :ribbon, :quiver,
    :orientation,
@@ -444,17 +419,11 @@ const _plotly_marker = [
 ]
 const _plotly_scale = [:identity, :log10]

+defaultOutputFormat(plt::Plot{Plots.PlotlyBackend}) = "html"
+
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # pgfplots

-function add_backend_string(::PGFPlotsBackend)
-    """
-    using Pkg
-    Pkg.add("PGFPlots")
-    Pkg.build("PGFPlots")
-    """
-end
-
 const _pgfplots_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :annotations,
    :background_color_legend,
@@ -492,29 +461,19 @@ const _pgfplots_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
 ])
 const _pgfplots_seriestype = [:path, :path3d, :scatter, :steppre, :stepmid, :steppost, :histogram2d, :ysticks, :xsticks, :contour, :shape, :straightline,]
 const _pgfplots_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
-const _pgfplots_marker = [:none, :auto, :circle, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5, :pentagon, :hline] #vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
+const _pgfplots_marker = [:none, :auto, :circle, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5, :pentagon, :hline, :vline] #vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
 const _pgfplots_scale = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]

 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # plotlyjs

 function _initialize_backend(pkg::PlotlyJSBackend)
-    sym = backend_package_name(pkg)
    @eval Main begin
        import PlotlyJS, ORCA
        export PlotlyJS
    end
 end

-function add_backend_string(::PlotlyJSBackend)
-    """
-    using Pkg
-    Pkg.add(["PlotlyJS", "Blink", "ORCA"])
-    import Blink
-    Blink.AtomShell.install()
-    """
-end
-
 const _plotlyjs_attr        = _plotly_attr
 const _plotlyjs_seriestype  = _plotly_seriestype
 const _plotlyjs_style       = _plotly_style
@@ -535,16 +494,6 @@ function _initialize_backend(::PyPlotBackend)
    end
 end

-function add_backend_string(::PyPlotBackend)
-    """
-    using Pkg
-    withenv("PYTHON" => "") do
-        Pkg.add("PyPlot")
-        Pkg.build("PyPlot")
-    end
-    """
-end
-
 const _pyplot_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :annotations,
    :background_color_legend, :background_color_inside, :background_color_outside,
@@ -564,7 +513,7 @@ const _pyplot_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :tickfontfamily, :tickfontsize, :tickfontcolor,
    :guidefontfamily, :guidefontsize, :guidefontcolor,
    :grid, :gridalpha, :gridstyle, :gridlinewidth,
-    :legend, :legendtitle, :colorbar,
+    :legend, :legendtitle, :colorbar, :colorbar_title, :colorbar_entry,
    :marker_z, :line_z, :fill_z,
    :levels,
    :ribbon, :quiver, :arrow,
@@ -577,7 +526,6 @@ const _pyplot_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :clims,
    :inset_subplots,
    :dpi,
-    :colorbar_title,
    :stride,
    :framestyle,
    :tick_direction,
@@ -598,14 +546,6 @@ const _pyplot_scale = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # unicodeplots

-function add_backend_string(::UnicodePlotsBackend)
-    """
-    using Pkg
-    Pkg.add("UnicodePlots")
-    Pkg.build("UnicodePlots")
-    """
-end
-
 const _unicodeplots_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :label,
    :legend,
@@ -728,3 +668,57 @@ const _inspectdr_marker = Symbol[
 ]

 const _inspectdr_scale = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# pgfplotsx
+
+const _pgfplotsx_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
+    :annotations,
+    :background_color_legend, :background_color_inside, :background_color_outside,
+    :foreground_color_legend, :foreground_color_grid, :foreground_color_axis,
+    :foreground_color_text, :foreground_color_border,
+    :label,
+    :seriescolor, :seriesalpha,
+    :linecolor, :linestyle, :linewidth, :linealpha,
+    :markershape, :markercolor, :markersize, :markeralpha,
+    :markerstrokewidth, :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha,
+    :fillrange, :fillcolor, :fillalpha,
+    :bins,
+    :layout,
+    :title, :window_title,
+    :guide, :lims, :ticks, :scale, :flip,
+    :match_dimensions,
+    :titlefontfamily, :titlefontsize, :titlefonthalign, :titlefontvalign,
+    :titlefontrotation, :titlefontcolor,
+    :legendfontfamily, :legendfontsize, :legendfonthalign, :legendfontvalign,
+    :legendfontrotation, :legendfontcolor,
+    :tickfontfamily, :tickfontsize, :tickfonthalign, :tickfontvalign,
+    :tickfontrotation, :tickfontcolor,
+    :guidefontfamily, :guidefontsize, :guidefonthalign, :guidefontvalign,
+    :guidefontrotation, :guidefontcolor,
+    :grid, :gridalpha, :gridstyle, :gridlinewidth,
+    :legend, :legendtitle, :colorbar, :colorbar_title, :colorbar_entry,
+    :fill_z, :line_z, :marker_z, :levels,
+    :ribbon, :quiver,
+    :orientation,
+    :overwrite_figure,
+    :polar,
+    :aspect_ratio,
+    :normalize, :weights,
+    :inset_subplots,
+    :bar_width,
+    :arrow,
+    :framestyle,
+    :tick_direction,
+    :camera,
+    :contour_labels,
+])
+const _pgfplotsx_seriestype =
+        [:path,  :scatter, :straightline,
+        :path3d, :scatter3d, :surface, :wireframe,
+        :heatmap, :contour, :contour3d,
+        :shape,
+        :steppre, :stepmid, :steppost,  :ysticks, :xsticks]
+const _pgfplotsx_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
+const _pgfplotsx_marker = [:none, :auto, :circle, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :ltriangle, :rtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5, :pentagon, :hline, :vline, Shape]
+const _pgfplotsx_scale = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]
+is_marker_supported(::PGFPlotsXBackend, shape::Shape) = true
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
    gplot = _inspectdr_getgui(plt.o)

    #:overwrite_figure: want to reuse current figure
-    if plt[:overwrite_figure] && mplot != nothing
+    if plt[:overwrite_figure] && mplot !== nothing
        mplot.subplots = [] #Reset
-        if gplot != nothing #Ensure still references current plot
+        if gplot !== nothing #Ensure still references current plot
            gplot.src = mplot
        end
    else #want new one:
@@ -294,8 +294,8 @@ function _inspectdr_setupsubplot(sp::Subplot{InspectDRBackend})

        plot.xscale = _inspectdr_getscale(xaxis[:scale], false)
        strip.yscale = _inspectdr_getscale(yaxis[:scale], true)
-        xmin, xmax  = axis_limits(xaxis)
-        ymin, ymax  = axis_limits(yaxis)
+        xmin, xmax  = axis_limits(sp, :x)
+        ymin, ymax  = axis_limits(sp, :y)
        if ispolar(sp)
            #Plots.jl appears to give (xmin,xmax) ≜ (Θmin,Θmax) & (ymin,ymax) ≜ (rmin,rmax)
            rmax = NaNMath.max(abs(ymin), abs(ymax))
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+function plotlybase_syncplot(plt::Plot)
+    plt.o = ORCA.PlotlyBase.Plot()
+    traces = ORCA.PlotlyBase.GenericTrace[]
+    for series_dict in plotly_series(plt)
+        plotly_type = pop!(series_dict, :type)
+        push!(traces, ORCA.PlotlyBase.GenericTrace(plotly_type; series_dict...))
+    end
+    ORCA.PlotlyBase.addtraces!(plt.o, traces...)
+    layout = plotly_layout(plt)
+    w, h = plt[:size]
+    ORCA.PlotlyBase.relayout!(plt.o, layout, width = w, height = h)
+    return plt.o
+end
+
+const _orca_mimeformats = Dict(
+    "application/pdf" => "pdf",
+    "image/png"       => "png",
+    "image/svg+xml"   => "svg",
+    "image/eps"       => "eps",
+)
+
+for (mime, fmt) in _orca_mimeformats
+    @eval _show(io::IO, ::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}) = ORCA.PlotlyBase.savefig(io, plotlybase_syncplot(plt), format = $fmt)
+end
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@ const _pgfplots_markers = KW(
    :star6 => "asterisk",
    :diamond => "diamond*",
    :pentagon => "pentagon*",
-    :hline => "-"
+    :hline => "-",
+    :vline => "|"
 )

 const _pgfplots_legend_pos = KW(
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ pgf_thickness_scaling(series) = pgf_thickness_scaling(series[:subplot])
 function pgf_fillstyle(plotattributes, i = 1)
    cstr,a = pgf_color(get_fillcolor(plotattributes, i))
    fa = get_fillalpha(plotattributes, i)
-    if fa != nothing
+    if fa !== nothing
        a = fa
    end
    "fill = $cstr, fill opacity=$a"
@@ -127,16 +128,18 @@ function pgf_marker(plotattributes, i = 1)
    shape = _cycle(plotattributes[:markershape], i)
    cstr, a = pgf_color(plot_color(get_markercolor(plotattributes, i), get_markeralpha(plotattributes, i)))
    cstr_stroke, a_stroke = pgf_color(plot_color(get_markerstrokecolor(plotattributes, i), get_markerstrokealpha(plotattributes, i)))
-    """
-    mark = $(get(_pgfplots_markers, shape, "*")),
-    mark size = $(pgf_thickness_scaling(plotattributes) * 0.5 * _cycle(plotattributes[:markersize], i)),
-    mark options = {
-        color = $cstr_stroke, draw opacity = $a_stroke,
-        fill = $cstr, fill opacity = $a,
-        line width = $(pgf_thickness_scaling(plotattributes) * _cycle(plotattributes[:markerstrokewidth], i)),
-        rotate = $(shape == :dtriangle ? 180 : 0),
-        $(get(_pgfplots_linestyles, _cycle(plotattributes[:markerstrokestyle], i), "solid"))
-    }"""
+    return string(
+        "mark = $(get(_pgfplots_markers, shape, "*")),\n",
+        "mark size = $(pgf_thickness_scaling(plotattributes) * 0.5 * _cycle(plotattributes[:markersize], i)),\n",
+        plotattributes[:seriestype] == :scatter ? "only marks,\n" : "",
+        "mark options = {
+            color = $cstr_stroke, draw opacity = $a_stroke,
+            fill = $cstr, fill opacity = $a,
+            line width = $(pgf_thickness_scaling(plotattributes) * _cycle(plotattributes[:markerstrokewidth], i)),
+            rotate = $(shape == :dtriangle ? 180 : 0),
+            $(get(_pgfplots_linestyles, _cycle(plotattributes[:markerstrokestyle], i), "solid"))
+        }"
+        )
 end

 function pgf_add_annotation!(o, x, y, val, thickness_scaling = 1)
@@ -170,18 +173,18 @@ function pgf_series(sp::Subplot, series::Series)
    elseif st == :shape
        shape_data(series)
    elseif ispolar(sp)
-        theta, r = filter_radial_data(plotattributes[:x], plotattributes[:y], axis_limits(sp[:yaxis]))
+        theta, r = plotattributes[:x], plotattributes[:y]
        rad2deg.(theta), r
    else
        plotattributes[:x], plotattributes[:y]
    end

    # PGFPlots can't handle non-Vector?
-    args = map(a -> if typeof(a) <: AbstractVector && typeof(a) != Vector
-            collect(a)
-        else
-            a
-        end, args)
+    # args = map(a -> if typeof(a) <: AbstractVector && typeof(a) != Vector
+    #         collect(a)
+    #     else
+    #         a
+    #     end, args)

    if st in (:contour, :histogram2d)
        style = []
@@ -215,12 +218,12 @@ function pgf_series(sp::Subplot, series::Series)

            # add to legend?
            if i == 1 && sp[:legend] != :none && should_add_to_legend(series)
-                if plotattributes[:fillrange] != nothing
+                if plotattributes[:fillrange] !== nothing
                    push!(style, "forget plot")
                    push!(series_collection, pgf_fill_legend_hack(plotattributes, args))
                else
                    kw[:legendentry] = plotattributes[:label]
-                    if st == :shape # || plotattributes[:fillrange] != nothing
+                    if st == :shape # || plotattributes[:fillrange] !== nothing
                        push!(style, "area legend")
                    end
                end
@@ -237,7 +240,7 @@ function pgf_series(sp::Subplot, series::Series)
            kw[:style] = join(style, ',')

            # add fillrange
-            if series[:fillrange] != nothing && st != :shape
+            if series[:fillrange] !== nothing && st != :shape
                push!(series_collection, pgf_fillrange_series(series, i, _cycle(series[:fillrange], rng), seg_args...))
            end

@@ -360,13 +363,13 @@ function pgf_axis(sp::Subplot, letter)
    # limits
    # TODO: support zlims
    if letter != :z
-        lims = ispolar(sp) && letter == :x ? rad2deg.(axis_limits(axis)) : axis_limits(axis)
+        lims = ispolar(sp) && letter == :x ? rad2deg.(axis_limits(sp, :x)) : axis_limits(sp, letter)
        kw[Symbol(letter,:min)] = lims[1]
        kw[Symbol(letter,:max)] = lims[2]
    end

    if !(axis[:ticks] in (nothing, false, :none, :native)) && framestyle != :none
-        ticks = get_ticks(axis)
+        ticks = get_ticks(sp, axis)
        #pgf plot ignores ticks with angle below 90 when xmin = 90 so shift values
        tick_values = ispolar(sp) && letter == :x ? [rad2deg.(ticks[1])[3:end]..., 360, 405] : ticks[1]
        push!(style, string(letter, "tick = {", join(tick_values,","), "}"))
@@ -398,8 +401,12 @@ function pgf_axis(sp::Subplot, letter)
    # framestyle
    if framestyle in (:axes, :origin)
        axispos = framestyle == :axes ? "left" : "middle"
-        # the * after lines disables the arrows at the axes
-        push!(style, string("axis lines* = ", axispos))
+        if axis[:draw_arrow]
+            push!(style, string("axis ", letter, " line = ", axispos))
+        else
+            # the * after line disables the arrow at the axis
+            push!(style, string("axis ", letter, " line* = ", axispos))
+        end
    end

    if framestyle == :zerolines
@@ -471,8 +478,18 @@ function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
        if haskey(_pgfplots_legend_pos, legpos)
            kw[:legendPos] = _pgfplots_legend_pos[legpos]
        end
-        cstr, a = pgf_color(plot_color(sp[:background_color_legend]))
-        push!(style, string("legend style = {", pgf_linestyle(pgf_thickness_scaling(sp), sp[:foreground_color_legend], 1.0, "solid"), ",", "fill = $cstr,", "font = ", pgf_font(sp[:legendfontsize], pgf_thickness_scaling(sp)), "}"))
+        cstr, bg_alpha = pgf_color(plot_color(sp[:background_color_legend]))
+        fg_alpha = alpha(plot_color(sp[:foreground_color_legend]))
+
+        push!(style, string(
+            "legend style = {", 
+                pgf_linestyle(pgf_thickness_scaling(sp), sp[:foreground_color_legend], fg_alpha, "solid", ), ",", 
+                "fill = $cstr,", 
+                "fill opacity = $bg_alpha,", 
+                "text opacity = $(alpha(plot_color(sp[:legendfontcolor]))),", 
+                "font = ", pgf_font(sp[:legendfontsize], pgf_thickness_scaling(sp)), 
+            "}",
+        ))

        if any(s[:seriestype] == :contour for s in series_list(sp))
            kw[:view] = "{0}{90}"
@@ -563,7 +580,7 @@ end

 function _show(io::IO, mime::MIME"application/x-tex", plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
    fn = tempname()*".tex"
-    PGFPlots.save(fn, backend_object(plt), include_preamble=false)
+    PGFPlots.save(fn, backend_object(plt), include_preamble=plt.attr[:tex_output_standalone])
    write(io, read(open(fn), String))
 end

@@ -0,0 +1,862 @@
+using Contour: Contour
+using UUIDs
+Base.@kwdef mutable struct PGFPlotsXPlot
+    is_created::Bool = false
+    was_shown::Bool = false
+    the_plot::PGFPlotsX.TikzDocument = PGFPlotsX.TikzDocument()
+    function PGFPlotsXPlot(is_created, was_shown, the_plot)
+        pgfx_plot = new(is_created, was_shown, the_plot)
+        # tikz libraries
+        PGFPlotsX.push_preamble!(pgfx_plot.the_plot, "\\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}")
+        PGFPlotsX.push_preamble!(pgfx_plot.the_plot, "\\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}")
+        # pgfplots libraries
+        PGFPlotsX.push_preamble!(pgfx_plot.the_plot, "\\usepgfplotslibrary{patchplots}")
+        PGFPlotsX.push_preamble!(pgfx_plot.the_plot, "\\usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween}")
+        # compatibility fixes
+        # add background layer to standard layers
+        PGFPlotsX.push_preamble!(pgfx_plot.the_plot,
+        raw"""
+        \pgfplotsset{
+        /pgfplots/layers/axis on top/.define layer set={
+        background, axis background,pre main,main,axis grid,axis ticks,axis lines,axis tick labels,
+        axis descriptions,axis foreground
+        }{/pgfplots/layers/standard},
+        }
+        """
+        )
+        pgfx_plot
+    end
+end
+
+## end user utility functions
+function pgfx_axes(pgfx_plot::PGFPlotsXPlot)
+    gp =  pgfx_plot.the_plot.elements[1].elements[1]
+    return gp isa PGFPlotsX.GroupPlot ? gp.contents : gp
+end
+
+function pgfx_preamble(pgfx_plot::Plot{PGFPlotsXBackend})
+    old_flag = pgfx_plot.attr[:tex_output_standalone]
+    pgfx_plot.attr[:tex_output_standalone] = true
+    fulltext = String(repr("application/x-tex", pgfx_plot))
+    preamble = fulltext[1:first(findfirst("\\begin{document}", fulltext)) - 1]
+    pgfx_plot.attr[:tex_output_standalone] = old_flag
+    preamble
+end
+##
+
+function surface_to_vecs(x::AVec, y::AVec, s::Union{AMat, Surface})
+    a = Array(s)
+    xn = Vector{eltype(x)}(undef, length(a))
+    yn = Vector{eltype(y)}(undef, length(a))
+    zn = Vector{eltype(s)}(undef, length(a))
+    for (n, (i, j)) in enumerate(Tuple.(CartesianIndices(a)))
+        xn[n] = x[j]
+        yn[n] = y[i]
+        zn[n] = a[i,j]
+    end
+    return xn, yn, zn
+end
+
+function Base.push!(pgfx_plot::PGFPlotsXPlot, item)
+    push!(pgfx_plot.the_plot, item)
+end
+
+function (pgfx_plot::PGFPlotsXPlot)(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsXBackend})
+    if !pgfx_plot.is_created
+        the_plot = PGFPlotsX.TikzPicture(PGFPlotsX.Options())
+        rows, cols = size(plt.layout.grid)
+        bgc = plt.attr[:background_color_outside] == :match ? plt.attr[:background_color] : plt.attr[:background_color_outside]
+        if bgc isa Colors.Colorant
+            cstr = plot_color(bgc)
+            a = alpha(cstr)
+            push!(the_plot.options,
+                "/tikz/background rectangle/.style" => PGFPlotsX.Options(
+                    "fill" => cstr,
+                    "draw opacity" => a,
+                ),
+                "show background rectangle" => nothing,
+            )
+        end
+
+        # the combination of groupplot and polaraxis is broken in pgfplots
+        if !any( sp -> ispolar(sp), plt.subplots )
+            pl_height, pl_width = plt.attr[:size]
+            push!( the_plot, PGFPlotsX.GroupPlot(
+                    PGFPlotsX.Options(
+                        "group style" => PGFPlotsX.Options(
+                            "group size" => string(cols)*" by "*string(rows),
+                            "horizontal sep" => string(maximum(sp -> sp.minpad[1], plt.subplots)),
+                            "vertical sep" => string(maximum(sp -> sp.minpad[2], plt.subplots)),
+                        ),
+                    "height" => pl_height > 0 ? string(pl_height * px) : "{}",
+                    "width" => pl_width > 0 ? string(pl_width * px) : "{}",
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+        end
+        for sp in plt.subplots
+            bb = bbox(sp)
+            sp_width = width(bb)
+            sp_height = height(bb)
+            cstr = plot_color(sp[:background_color_legend])
+            a = alpha(cstr)
+            fg_alpha = alpha(plot_color(sp[:foreground_color_legend]))
+            title_cstr = plot_color(sp[:titlefontcolor])
+            title_a = alpha(title_cstr)
+            axis_opt = PGFPlotsX.Options(
+                "title" => sp[:title],
+                "title style" => PGFPlotsX.Options(
+                    "font" => pgfx_font(sp[:titlefontsize], pgfx_thickness_scaling(sp)),
+                    "color" => title_cstr,
+                    "draw opacity" => title_a,
+                    "rotate" => sp[:titlefontrotation]
+                ),
+                "legend style" => PGFPlotsX.Options(
+                    pgfx_linestyle(pgfx_thickness_scaling(sp), sp[:foreground_color_legend], fg_alpha, "solid") => nothing,
+                    "fill" => cstr,
+                    "fill opacity" => a,
+                    "text opacity" => alpha(plot_color(sp[:legendfontcolor])),
+                    "font" => pgfx_font(sp[:legendfontsize], pgfx_thickness_scaling(sp))
+                ),
+                "axis background/.style" => PGFPlotsX.Options(
+                    "fill" => sp[:background_color_inside]
+                ),
+                "axis on top" => nothing,
+            )
+            sp_width > 0*mm ? push!(axis_opt, "width" => string(sp_width)) : nothing
+            sp_height > 0*mm ? push!(axis_opt, "height" => string(sp_height)) : nothing
+            # legend position
+            if sp[:legend] isa Tuple
+                x, y = sp[:legend]
+                push!(axis_opt["legend style"], "at={($x, $y)}" )
+            else
+                push!(axis_opt, "legend pos" => get(_pgfplotsx_legend_pos, sp[:legend], "outer north east"),
+                )
+            end
+            for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
+                if letter != :z || is3d(sp)
+                    pgfx_axis!(axis_opt, sp, letter)
+                end
+            end
+            # Search series for any gradient. In case one series uses a gradient set
+           # the colorbar and colomap.
+           # The reasoning behind doing this on the axis level is that pgfplots
+           # colorbar seems to only works on axis level and needs the proper colormap for
+           # correctly displaying it.
+           # It's also possible to assign the colormap to the series itself but
+           # then the colormap needs to be added twice, once for the axis and once for the
+           # series.
+           # As it is likely that all series within the same axis use the same
+           # colormap this should not cause any problem.
+           for series in series_list(sp)
+               for col in (:markercolor, :fillcolor, :linecolor)
+                   if typeof(series.plotattributes[col]) == ColorGradient
+                        PGFPlotsX.push_preamble!(pgfx_plot.the_plot, """\\pgfplotsset{
+                            colormap={plots$(sp.attr[:subplot_index])}{$(pgfx_colormap(series.plotattributes[col]))},
+                        }""")
+                        push!(axis_opt,
+                            "colorbar" => nothing,
+                            "colormap name" => "plots$(sp.attr[:subplot_index])",
+                        )
+                       # goto is needed to break out of col and series for
+                       @goto colorbar_end
+                   end
+               end
+           end
+           @label colorbar_end
+
+           push!(axis_opt, "colorbar style" => PGFPlotsX.Options(
+                   "title" => sp[:colorbar_title],
+                   "point meta max" => get_clims(sp)[2],
+                   "point meta min" => get_clims(sp)[1]
+               )
+           )
+           if is3d(sp)
+               azim, elev = sp[:camera]
+               push!( axis_opt, "view" => (azim, elev) )
+           end
+           axisf = if sp[:projection] == :polar
+               # push!(axis_opt, "xmin" => 90)
+               # push!(axis_opt, "xmax" => 450)
+               PGFPlotsX.PolarAxis
+           else
+               PGFPlotsX.Axis
+           end
+           axis = axisf(
+           axis_opt
+           )
+           for (series_index, series) in enumerate(series_list(sp))
+               opt = series.plotattributes
+               st = series[:seriestype]
+               series_opt = PGFPlotsX.Options(
+               "color" => single_color(opt[:linecolor]),
+               )
+               if is3d(series) || st == :heatmap
+                   series_func = PGFPlotsX.Plot3
+               else
+                   series_func = PGFPlotsX.Plot
+               end
+               if series[:fillrange] !== nothing && !isfilledcontour(series) && series[:ribbon] === nothing
+                   push!(series_opt, "area legend" => nothing)
+               end
+               if st == :heatmap
+                   push!(axis.options,
+                   "view" => "{0}{90}",
+                   )
+               end
+               # treat segments
+               segments = if st in (:wireframe, :heatmap, :contour, :surface, :contour3d)
+                   iter_segments(surface_to_vecs(series[:x], series[:y], series[:z])...)
+               else
+                   iter_segments(series)
+               end
+               for (i, rng) in enumerate(segments)
+                   segment_opt = PGFPlotsX.Options()
+                   segment_opt = merge( segment_opt, pgfx_linestyle(opt, i) )
+                   if opt[:markershape] != :none
+                       marker = opt[:markershape]
+                       if marker isa Shape
+                           x = marker.x
+                           y = marker.y
+                           scale_factor = 0.025
+                           mark_size = opt[:markersize] * scale_factor
+                           path = join(["($(x[i] * mark_size), $(y[i] * mark_size))" for i in eachindex(x)], " -- ")
+                           c = get_markercolor(series, i)
+                           a = get_markeralpha(series, i)
+                           PGFPlotsX.push_preamble!(pgfx_plot.the_plot,
+                           """
+                           \\pgfdeclareplotmark{PlotsShape$(series_index)}{
+                           \\filldraw
+                           $path;
+                           }
+                           """
+                           )
+                       end
+                       segment_opt = merge( segment_opt, pgfx_marker(opt, i) )
+                   end
+                   if st == :shape ||
+                       isfilledcontour(series)
+                       segment_opt = merge( segment_opt, pgfx_fillstyle(opt, i) )
+                   end
+                   # add fillrange
+                   if series[:fillrange] !== nothing && !isfilledcontour(series) && series[:ribbon] === nothing
+                       pgfx_fillrange_series!( axis, series, series_func, i, _cycle(series[:fillrange], rng), rng)
+                       if i == 1 && opt[:label] != "" && sp[:legend] != :none && should_add_to_legend(series)
+                           pgfx_filllegend!(series_opt, opt)
+                       end
+                   end
+                   # series
+                   #
+                   coordinates = pgfx_series_coordinates!( sp, series, segment_opt, opt, rng )
+                   segment_plot = series_func(
+                       merge(series_opt, segment_opt),
+                       coordinates,
+                   )
+                   push!(axis, segment_plot)
+                   # add ribbons?
+                   ribbon = series[:ribbon]
+                   if ribbon !== nothing
+                       pgfx_add_ribbons!( axis, series, segment_plot, series_func, series_index )
+                   end
+                   # add to legend?
+                   if i == 1 && opt[:label] != "" && sp[:legend] != :none && should_add_to_legend(series)
+                       leg_opt = PGFPlotsX.Options()
+                       if ribbon !== nothing
+                           pgfx_filllegend!(axis.contents[end-3].options, opt)
+                       end
+                       legend = PGFPlotsX.LegendEntry(leg_opt, opt[:label], false)
+                       push!( axis, legend )
+                   end
+                   # add series annotations
+                   anns = series[:series_annotations]
+                   for (xi,yi,str,fnt) in EachAnn(anns, series[:x], series[:y])
+                       pgfx_add_annotation!(axis, xi, yi, PlotText(str, fnt), pgfx_thickness_scaling(series))
+                   end
+               end
+               # add subplot annotations
+               anns = sp.attr[:annotations]
+               for (xi,yi,txt) in anns
+                   pgfx_add_annotation!(axis, xi, yi, txt, pgfx_thickness_scaling(sp))
+               end
+           end
+           if ispolar(sp)
+               axes = the_plot
+           else
+               axes = the_plot.elements[1]
+           end
+           push!( axes, axis )
+           if length(plt.o.the_plot.elements) > 0
+               plt.o.the_plot.elements[1] = the_plot
+           else
+               push!(plt.o, the_plot)
+           end
+       end
+        pgfx_plot.is_created = true
+    end
+    return pgfx_plot
+end
+## seriestype specifics
+@inline function pgfx_series_coordinates!(sp, series, segment_opt, opt, rng)
+    st = series[:seriestype]
+    # function args
+    args =  if st in (:contour, :contour3d)
+        opt[:x], opt[:y], Array(opt[:z])'
+    elseif st in (:heatmap, :surface, :wireframe)
+            surface_to_vecs(opt[:x], opt[:y], opt[:z])
+    elseif is3d(st)
+        opt[:x], opt[:y], opt[:z]
+    elseif st == :straightline
+        straightline_data(series)
+    elseif st == :shape
+        shape_data(series)
+    elseif ispolar(sp)
+        theta, r = opt[:x], opt[:y]
+        rad2deg.(theta), r
+    else
+        opt[:x], opt[:y]
+    end
+    seg_args = if st in (:contour, :contour3d)
+            args
+        else
+            (arg[rng] for arg in args)
+        end
+    if opt[:quiver] !== nothing
+        push!(segment_opt, "quiver" => PGFPlotsX.Options(
+            "u" => "\\thisrow{u}",
+            "v" => "\\thisrow{v}",
+            pgfx_arrow(opt[:arrow]) => nothing
+            ),
+        )
+        x, y = collect(seg_args)
+        return PGFPlotsX.Table([:x => x, :y => y, :u => opt[:quiver][1], :v => opt[:quiver][2]])
+    else
+        if isfilledcontour(series)
+            st = :filledcontour
+        end
+        pgfx_series_coordinates!(Val(st), segment_opt, opt, seg_args)
+    end
+end
+function pgfx_series_coordinates!(st_val::Union{Val{:path}, Val{:path3d}, Val{:straightline}}, segment_opt, opt, args)
+    return PGFPlotsX.Coordinates(args...)
+end
+function pgfx_series_coordinates!(st_val::Union{Val{:scatter}, Val{:scatter3d}}, segment_opt, opt, args)
+    push!( segment_opt, "only marks" => nothing )
+    return PGFPlotsX.Coordinates(args...)
+end
+function pgfx_series_coordinates!(st_val::Val{:heatmap}, segment_opt, opt, args)
+    push!(segment_opt,
+        "matrix plot*" => nothing,
+        "mesh/rows" => length(opt[:x]),
+        "mesh/cols" => length(opt[:y]),
+    )
+    return PGFPlotsX.Table(args...)
+end
+
+function pgfx_series_coordinates!(st_val::Val{:steppre}, segment_opt, opt, args)
+    push!( segment_opt, "const plot mark right" => nothing )
+    return PGFPlotsX.Coordinates(args...)
+end
+function pgfx_series_coordinates!(st_val::Val{:stepmid}, segment_opt, opt, args)
+    push!( segment_opt, "const plot mark mid" => nothing )
+    return PGFPlotsX.Coordinates(args...)
+end
+function pgfx_series_coordinates!(st_val::Val{:steppost}, segment_opt, opt, args)
+    push!( segment_opt, "const plot" => nothing )
+    return PGFPlotsX.Coordinates(args...)
+end
+function pgfx_series_coordinates!(st_val::Union{Val{:ysticks},Val{:sticks}}, segment_opt, opt, args)
+    push!( segment_opt, "ycomb" => nothing )
+    return PGFPlotsX.Coordinates(args...)
+end
+function pgfx_series_coordinates!(st_val::Val{:xsticks}, segment_opt, opt, args)
+    push!( segment_opt, "xcomb" => nothing )
+    return PGFPlotsX.Coordinates(args...)
+end
+function pgfx_series_coordinates!(st_val::Val{:surface}, segment_opt, opt, args)
+    push!( segment_opt, "surf" => nothing,
+        "mesh/rows" => length(opt[:x]),
+        "mesh/cols" => length(opt[:y]),
+    )
+    return PGFPlotsX.Coordinates(args...)
+end
+function pgfx_series_coordinates!(st_val::Val{:volume}, segment_opt, opt, args)
+    push!( segment_opt, "patch" => nothing )
+    return PGFPlotsX.Coordinates(args...)
+end
+function pgfx_series_coordinates!(st_val::Val{:wireframe}, segment_opt, opt, args)
+    push!( segment_opt, "mesh" => nothing,
+        "mesh/rows" => length(opt[:x])
+    )
+    return PGFPlotsX.Coordinates(args...)
+end
+function pgfx_series_coordinates!(st_val::Val{:shape}, segment_opt, opt, args)
+    push!( segment_opt, "area legend" => nothing )
+    return PGFPlotsX.Coordinates(args...)
+end
+function pgfx_series_coordinates!(st_val::Union{Val{:contour}, Val{:contour3d}}, segment_opt, opt, args)
+    push!(segment_opt,
+        "contour prepared" => PGFPlotsX.Options(
+            "labels" => opt[:contour_labels],
+        ),
+    )
+    return PGFPlotsX.Table(Contour.contours(args..., opt[:levels]))
+end
+function pgfx_series_coordinates!(st_val::Val{:filledcontour}, segment_opt, opt, args)
+    xs, ys, zs = collect(args)
+    push!(segment_opt,
+        "contour filled" => PGFPlotsX.Options(
+            "labels" => opt[:contour_labels],
+        ),
+        "point meta" => "explicit",
+        "shader" => "flat"
+    )
+    if opt[:levels] isa Number
+        push!(segment_opt["contour filled"],
+            "number" => opt[:levels],
+        )
+    elseif opt[:levels] isa AVec
+        push!(segment_opt["contour filled"],
+            "levels" => opt[:levels],
+        )
+    end
+
+    cs = join([
+            join(["($x, $y) [$(zs[j, i])]" for (j, x) in enumerate(xs)], " ") for (i, y) in enumerate(ys)], "\n\n"
+        )
+    """
+        coordinates {
+        $cs
+        };
+    """
+end
+##
+const _pgfplotsx_linestyles = KW(
+    :solid => "solid",
+    :dash => "dashed",
+    :dot => "dotted",
+    :dashdot => "dashdotted",
+    :dashdotdot => "dashdotdotted",
+)
+
+const _pgfplotsx_markers = KW(
+    :none => "none",
+    :cross => "+",
+    :xcross => "x",
+    :+ => "+",
+    :x => "x",
+    :utriangle => "triangle*",
+    :dtriangle => "triangle*",
+    :rtriangle => "triangle*",
+    :ltriangle => "triangle*",
+    :circle => "*",
+    :rect => "square*",
+    :star5 => "star",
+    :star6 => "asterisk",
+    :diamond => "diamond*",
+    :pentagon => "pentagon*",
+    :hline => "-",
+    :vline => "|"
+)
+
+const _pgfplotsx_legend_pos = KW(
+    :bottomleft => "south west",
+    :bottomright => "south east",
+    :topright => "north east",
+    :topleft => "north west",
+    :outertopright => "outer north east",
+)
+
+const _pgfx_framestyles = [:box, :axes, :origin, :zerolines, :grid, :none]
+const _pgfx_framestyle_defaults = Dict(:semi => :box)
+
+# we use the anchors to define orientations for example to align left
+# one needs to use the right edge as anchor
+const _pgfx_annotation_halign = KW(
+    :center => "",
+    :left => "right",
+    :right => "left"
+)
+## --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Generates a colormap for pgfplots based on a ColorGradient
+pgfx_arrow(::Nothing) = "every arrow/.append style={-}"
+function pgfx_arrow( arr::Arrow )
+    components = String[]
+    head = String[]
+    push!(head, "{stealth[length = $(arr.headlength)pt, width = $(arr.headwidth)pt")
+    if arr.style == :open
+        push!(head, ", open")
+    end
+    push!(head, "]}")
+    head = join(head, "")
+    if arr.side == :both || arr.side == :tail
+        push!( components,  head )
+    end
+    push!(components, "-")
+    if arr.side == :both || arr.side == :head
+        push!( components, head )
+    end
+    components = join( components, "" )
+    return "every arrow/.append style={$(components)}"
+end
+
+function pgfx_filllegend!( series_opt, opt )
+    io = IOBuffer()
+    PGFPlotsX.print_tex(io, pgfx_fillstyle(opt))
+    style = strip(String(take!(io)),['[',']', ' '])
+    push!( series_opt, "legend image code/.code" => """{
+    \\draw[$style] (0cm,-0.1cm) rectangle (0.6cm,0.1cm);
+    }""" )
+end
+
+function pgfx_colormap(grad::ColorGradient)
+    join(map(grad.colors) do c
+        @sprintf("rgb=(%.8f,%.8f,%.8f)", red(c), green(c), blue(c))
+    end,"\n")
+end
+function pgfx_colormap(grad::Vector{<:Colorant})
+    join(map(grad) do c
+        @sprintf("rgb=(%.8f,%.8f,%.8f)", red(c), green(c), blue(c))
+    end,"\n")
+end
+
+function pgfx_framestyle(style::Symbol)
+    if style in _pgfx_framestyles
+        return style
+    else
+        default_style = get(_pgfx_framestyle_defaults, style, :axes)
+        @warn("Framestyle :$style is not (yet) supported by the PGFPlots backend. :$default_style was cosen instead.")
+        default_style
+    end
+end
+
+pgfx_thickness_scaling(plt::Plot) = plt[:thickness_scaling]
+pgfx_thickness_scaling(sp::Subplot) = pgfx_thickness_scaling(sp.plt)
+pgfx_thickness_scaling(series) = pgfx_thickness_scaling(series[:subplot])
+
+function pgfx_fillstyle(plotattributes, i = 1)
+    cstr = get_fillcolor(plotattributes, i)
+    a = get_fillalpha(plotattributes, i)
+    if a === nothing
+        a = alpha(single_color(cstr))
+    end
+    PGFPlotsX.Options("fill" => cstr, "fill opacity" => a)
+end
+
+function pgfx_linestyle(linewidth::Real, color, α = 1, linestyle = "solid")
+    cstr = plot_color(color, α)
+    a = alpha(cstr)
+    return PGFPlotsX.Options(
+        "color" => cstr,
+        "draw opacity" => a,
+        "line width" => linewidth,
+        get(_pgfplotsx_linestyles, linestyle, "solid") => nothing
+    )
+end
+
+function pgfx_linestyle(plotattributes, i = 1)
+    lw = pgfx_thickness_scaling(plotattributes) * get_linewidth(plotattributes, i)
+    lc = single_color(get_linecolor(plotattributes, i))
+    la = get_linealpha(plotattributes, i)
+    ls = get_linestyle(plotattributes, i)
+    return pgfx_linestyle(lw, lc, la, ls)
+end
+
+function pgfx_font(fontsize, thickness_scaling = 1, font = "\\selectfont")
+    fs = fontsize * thickness_scaling
+    return string("{\\fontsize{", fs, " pt}{", 1.3fs, " pt}", font, "}")
+end
+
+function pgfx_marker(plotattributes, i = 1)
+    shape = _cycle(plotattributes[:markershape], i)
+    cstr = plot_color(get_markercolor(plotattributes, i), get_markeralpha(plotattributes, i))
+    a = alpha(cstr)
+    cstr_stroke = plot_color(get_markerstrokecolor(plotattributes, i), get_markerstrokealpha(plotattributes, i))
+    a_stroke = alpha(cstr_stroke)
+    mark_size = pgfx_thickness_scaling(plotattributes) * 0.5 * _cycle(plotattributes[:markersize], i)
+    return PGFPlotsX.Options(
+        "mark" => shape isa Shape ? "PlotsShape$i" : get(_pgfplotsx_markers, shape, "*"),
+        "mark size" => "$mark_size pt",
+        "mark options" => PGFPlotsX.Options(
+            "color" => cstr_stroke,
+            "draw opacity" => a_stroke,
+            "fill" => cstr,
+            "fill opacity" => a,
+            "line width" => pgfx_thickness_scaling(plotattributes) * _cycle(plotattributes[:markerstrokewidth], i),
+            "rotate" => if shape == :dtriangle
+                            180
+                        elseif shape == :rtriangle
+                            270
+                        elseif shape == :ltriangle
+                            90
+                        else
+                            0
+                        end,
+            get(_pgfplotsx_linestyles, _cycle(plotattributes[:markerstrokestyle], i), "solid") => nothing
+            )
+    )
+end
+
+function pgfx_add_annotation!(o, x, y, val, thickness_scaling = 1)
+    # Construct the style string.
+    cstr = val.font.color
+    a = alpha(cstr)
+    push!(o, ["\\node",
+        PGFPlotsX.Options(
+            get(_pgfx_annotation_halign, val.font.halign, "") => nothing,
+            "color" => cstr,
+            "draw opacity" => convert(Float16, a),
+            "rotate" => val.font.rotation,
+            "font" => pgfx_font(val.font.pointsize, thickness_scaling)
+        ),
+        " at (axis cs:$x, $y) {$(val.str)};"
+    ])
+end
+
+function pgfx_add_ribbons!( axis, series, segment_plot, series_func, series_index )
+    ribbon_y = series[:ribbon]
+    opt = series.plotattributes
+    if ribbon_y isa AVec
+        ribbon_n = length(opt[:y]) ÷ length(ribbon_y)
+        ribbon_yp = ribbon_ym = repeat(ribbon_y, outer = ribbon_n)
+    elseif ribbon_y isa Tuple
+        ribbon_ym, ribbon_yp = ribbon_y
+        ribbon_nm = length(opt[:y]) ÷ length(ribbon_ym)
+        ribbon_ym = repeat(ribbon_ym, outer = ribbon_nm)
+        ribbon_np = length(opt[:y]) ÷ length(ribbon_yp)
+        ribbon_yp = repeat(ribbon_yp, outer = ribbon_np)
+    else
+        ribbon_yp = ribbon_ym = ribbon_y
+    end
+    # upper ribbon
+    rib_uuid = uuid4()
+    ribbon_name_plus = "plots_rib_p$rib_uuid"
+    ribbon_opt_plus = merge(segment_plot.options, PGFPlotsX.Options(
+        "name path" => ribbon_name_plus,
+        "color" => opt[:fillcolor],
+        "draw opacity" => opt[:fillalpha],
+        "forget plot" => nothing
+    ))
+    coordinates_plus = PGFPlotsX.Coordinates(opt[:x], opt[:y] .+ ribbon_yp)
+    ribbon_plot_plus = series_func(
+        ribbon_opt_plus,
+        coordinates_plus
+    )
+    push!(axis, ribbon_plot_plus)
+    # lower ribbon
+    ribbon_name_minus = "plots_rib_m$rib_uuid"
+    ribbon_opt_minus = merge(segment_plot.options, PGFPlotsX.Options(
+        "name path" => ribbon_name_minus,
+        "color" => opt[:fillcolor],
+        "draw opacity" => opt[:fillalpha],
+        "forget plot" => nothing
+    ))
+    coordinates_plus = PGFPlotsX.Coordinates(opt[:x], opt[:y] .- ribbon_ym)
+    ribbon_plot_plus = series_func(
+        ribbon_opt_minus,
+        coordinates_plus
+    )
+    push!(axis, ribbon_plot_plus)
+    # fill
+    push!(axis, series_func(
+        merge(pgfx_fillstyle(opt, series_index), PGFPlotsX.Options("forget plot" => nothing)),
+        "fill between [of=$(ribbon_name_plus) and $(ribbon_name_minus)]"
+    ))
+    return axis
+end
+
+function pgfx_fillrange_series!(axis, series, series_func, i, fillrange, rng)
+    fillrange_opt = PGFPlotsX.Options(
+        "line width" => "0",
+        "draw opacity" => "0",
+    )
+    fillrange_opt = merge( fillrange_opt, pgfx_fillstyle(series, i) )
+    fillrange_opt = merge( fillrange_opt, pgfx_marker(series, i) )
+    push!( fillrange_opt, "forget plot" => nothing )
+    opt = series.plotattributes
+    args = is3d(series) ? (opt[:x][rng], opt[:y][rng], opt[:z][rng]) : (opt[:x][rng], opt[:y][rng])
+    push!(axis, PGFPlotsX.PlotInc(fillrange_opt, pgfx_fillrange_args(fillrange, args...)))
+    return axis
+end
+
+function pgfx_fillrange_args(fillrange, x, y)
+    n = length(x)
+    x_fill = [x; x[n:-1:1]; x[1]]
+    y_fill = [y; _cycle(fillrange, n:-1:1); y[1]]
+    return PGFPlotsX.Coordinates(x_fill, y_fill)
+end
+
+function pgfx_fillrange_args(fillrange, x, y, z)
+    n = length(x)
+    x_fill = [x; x[n:-1:1]; x[1]]
+    y_fill = [y; y[n:-1:1]; x[1]]
+    z_fill = [z; _cycle(fillrange, n:-1:1); z[1]]
+    return PGFPlotsX.Coordiantes(x_fill, y_fill, z_fill)
+end
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+function pgfx_axis!(opt::PGFPlotsX.Options, sp::Subplot, letter)
+    axis = sp[Symbol(letter,:axis)]
+
+    # turn off scaled ticks
+    push!(opt, "scaled $(letter) ticks" => "false",
+        string(letter,:label) => axis[:guide],
+    )
+
+    # set to supported framestyle
+    framestyle = pgfx_framestyle(sp[:framestyle] == false ? :none : sp[:framestyle])
+
+    # axis label position
+    labelpos = ""
+    if letter == :x && axis[:guide_position] == :top
+        labelpos = "at={(0.5,1)},above,"
+    elseif letter == :y && axis[:guide_position] == :right
+        labelpos = "at={(1,0.5)},below,"
+    end
+
+    # Add label font
+    cstr = plot_color(axis[:guidefontcolor])
+    α = alpha(cstr)
+    push!(opt, string(letter, "label style") => PGFPlotsX.Options(
+        labelpos => nothing,
+        "font" => pgfx_font(axis[:guidefontsize], pgfx_thickness_scaling(sp)),
+        "color" => cstr,
+        "draw opacity" => α,
+        "rotate" => axis[:guidefontrotation],
+        )
+    )
+
+    # flip/reverse?
+    axis[:flip] && push!(opt, "$letter dir" => "reverse")
+
+    # scale
+    scale = axis[:scale]
+    if scale in (:log2, :ln, :log10)
+        push!(opt, string(letter,:mode) => "log")
+        scale == :ln || push!(opt, "log basis $letter" => "$(scale == :log2 ? 2 : 10)")
+    end
+
+    # ticks on or off
+    if axis[:ticks] in (nothing, false, :none) || framestyle == :none
+        push!(opt, "$(letter)majorticks" => "false")
+    end
+
+    # grid on or off
+    if axis[:grid] && framestyle != :none
+        push!(opt, "$(letter)majorgrids" => "true")
+    else
+        push!(opt, "$(letter)majorgrids" => "false")
+    end
+
+    # limits
+    lims = ispolar(sp) && letter == :x ? rad2deg.(axis_limits(sp, :x)) : axis_limits(sp, letter)
+    push!( opt,
+        string(letter,:min) => lims[1],
+        string(letter,:max) => lims[2]
+    )
+
+    if !(axis[:ticks] in (nothing, false, :none, :native)) && framestyle != :none
+        ticks = get_ticks(sp, axis)
+        #pgf plot ignores ticks with angle below 90 when xmin = 90 so shift values
+        tick_values = ispolar(sp) && letter == :x ? [rad2deg.(ticks[1])[3:end]..., 360, 405] : ticks[1]
+        push!(opt, string(letter, "tick") => string("{", join(tick_values,","), "}"))
+        if axis[:showaxis] && axis[:scale] in (:ln, :log2, :log10) && axis[:ticks] == :auto
+            # wrap the power part of label with }
+            tick_labels = Vector{String}(undef, length(ticks[2]))
+            for (i, label) in enumerate(ticks[2])
+                base, power = split(label, "^")
+                power = string("{", power, "}")
+                tick_labels[i] = string(base, "^", power)
+            end
+            push!(opt, string(letter, "ticklabels") => string("{\$", join(tick_labels,"\$,\$"), "\$}"))
+        elseif axis[:showaxis]
+            tick_labels = ispolar(sp) && letter == :x ? [ticks[2][3:end]..., "0", "45"] : ticks[2]
+            if axis[:formatter] in (:scientific, :auto)
+                tick_labels = string.("\$", convert_sci_unicode.(tick_labels), "\$")
+                tick_labels = replace.(tick_labels, Ref("×" => "\\times"))
+            end
+            push!(opt, string(letter, "ticklabels") => string("{", join(tick_labels,","), "}"))
+        else
+            push!(opt, string(letter, "ticklabels") => "{}")
+        end
+        push!(opt, string(letter, "tick align") => (axis[:tick_direction] == :out ? "outside" : "inside"))
+        cstr = plot_color(axis[:tickfontcolor])
+        α = alpha(cstr)
+        push!(opt, string(letter, "ticklabel style") => PGFPlotsX.Options(
+                "font" => pgfx_font(axis[:tickfontsize], pgfx_thickness_scaling(sp)),
+                "color" => cstr,
+                "draw opacity" => α,
+                "rotate" => axis[:tickfontrotation]
+            )
+        )
+        push!(opt, string(letter, " grid style") => pgfx_linestyle(pgfx_thickness_scaling(sp) * axis[:gridlinewidth], axis[:foreground_color_grid], axis[:gridalpha], axis[:gridstyle])
+        )
+    end
+
+    # framestyle
+    if framestyle in (:axes, :origin)
+        axispos = framestyle == :axes ? "left" : "middle"
+        if axis[:draw_arrow]
+            push!(opt, string("axis ", letter, " line") => axispos)
+        else
+            # the * after line disables the arrow at the axis
+            push!(opt, string("axis ", letter, " line*") => axispos)
+        end
+    end
+
+    if framestyle == :zerolines
+        push!(opt, string("extra ", letter, " ticks") => "0")
+        push!(opt, string("extra ", letter, " tick labels") => "")
+        push!(opt, string("extra ", letter, " tick style") => PGFPlotsX.Options(
+                "grid" => "major",
+                "major grid style" => pgfx_linestyle(pgfx_thickness_scaling(sp), axis[:foreground_color_border], 1.0)
+            )
+        )
+    end
+
+    if !axis[:showaxis]
+        push!(opt, "separate axis lines")
+    end
+    if !axis[:showaxis] || framestyle in (:zerolines, :grid, :none)
+        push!(opt, string(letter, " axis line style") => "{draw opacity = 0}")
+    else
+        push!(opt, string(letter, " axis line style") => pgfx_linestyle(pgfx_thickness_scaling(sp), axis[:foreground_color_border], 1.0)
+        )
+    end
+end
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# display calls this and then _display, its called 3 times for plot(1:5)
+# Set the (left, top, right, bottom) minimum padding around the plot area
+# to fit ticks, tick labels, guides, colorbars, etc.
+function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot{PGFPlotsXBackend})
+    # TODO: make padding more intelligent
+    # order: right, top, left, bottom
+    sp.minpad = (22mm + sp[:right_margin],
+                 12mm + sp[:top_margin],
+                 2mm + sp[:left_margin],
+                 10mm + sp[:bottom_margin])
+end
+
+function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsXBackend})
+    plt.o = PGFPlotsXPlot()
+end
+
+function _series_added(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsXBackend}, series::Series)
+    plt.o.is_created = false
+end
+
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsXBackend})
+    plt.o(plt)
+end
+
+for mime in ("application/pdf", "image/png", "image/svg+xml")
+    @eval function _show(io::IO, mime::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{PGFPlotsXBackend})
+        show(io, mime, plt.o.the_plot)
+    end
+end
+
+function _show(io::IO, mime::MIME{Symbol("application/x-tex")}, plt::Plot{PGFPlotsXBackend})
+    PGFPlotsX.print_tex(io, plt.o.the_plot, include_preamble = plt.attr[:tex_output_standalone])
+end
+
+function _display(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsXBackend})
+    display(PGFPlotsX.PGFPlotsXDisplay(), plt.o.the_plot)
+end
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ const plotly_remote_file_path = "https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-latest.min.js"
 # end
 using UUIDs

-push!(_initialized_backends, :plotly)
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

 const _plotly_legend_pos = KW(
@@ -114,8 +113,8 @@ function plotly_apply_aspect_ratio(sp::Subplot, plotarea, pcts)
        if aspect_ratio == :equal
            aspect_ratio = 1.0
        end
-        xmin,xmax = axis_limits(sp[:xaxis])
-        ymin,ymax = axis_limits(sp[:yaxis])
+        xmin,xmax = axis_limits(sp, :x)
+        ymin,ymax = axis_limits(sp, :y)
        want_ratio = ((xmax-xmin) / (ymax-ymin)) / aspect_ratio
        parea_ratio = width(plotarea) / height(plotarea)
        if want_ratio > parea_ratio
@@ -174,7 +173,7 @@ function plotly_axis(plt::Plot, axis::Axis, sp::Subplot)

    ax[:tickangle] = -axis[:rotation]
    ax[:type] = plotly_scale(axis[:scale])
-    lims = axis_limits(axis)
+    lims = axis_limits(sp, letter)

    if axis[:ticks] != :native || axis[:lims] != :auto
        ax[:range] = map(scalefunc(axis[:scale]), lims)
@@ -186,14 +185,9 @@ function plotly_axis(plt::Plot, axis::Axis, sp::Subplot)
        ax[:tickcolor] = framestyle in (:zerolines, :grid) || !axis[:showaxis] ? rgba_string(invisible()) : rgb_string(axis[:foreground_color_axis])
        ax[:linecolor] = rgba_string(axis[:foreground_color_axis])

-        # flip
-        if axis[:flip]
-            ax[:range] = reverse(ax[:range])
-        end
-
        # ticks
        if axis[:ticks] != :native
-            ticks = get_ticks(axis)
+            ticks = get_ticks(sp, axis)
            ttype = ticksType(ticks)
            if ttype == :ticks
                ax[:tickmode] = "array"
@@ -208,20 +202,24 @@ function plotly_axis(plt::Plot, axis::Axis, sp::Subplot)
        ax[:showgrid] = false
    end

+    # flip
+    if axis[:flip]
+        ax[:range] = reverse(ax[:range])
+    end

    ax
 end

-function plotly_polaraxis(axis::Axis)
+function plotly_polaraxis(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis)
    ax = KW(
        :visible => axis[:showaxis],
        :showline => axis[:grid],
    )

    if axis[:letter] == :x
-        ax[:range] = rad2deg.(axis_limits(axis))
+        ax[:range] = rad2deg.(axis_limits(sp, :x))
    else
-        ax[:range] = axis_limits(axis)
+        ax[:range] = axis_limits(sp, :y)
        ax[:orientation] = -90
    end

@@ -284,8 +282,8 @@ function plotly_layout(plt::Plot)
                ),
            )
        elseif ispolar(sp)
-            plotattributes_out[Symbol("angularaxis$(spidx)")] = plotly_polaraxis(sp[:xaxis])
-            plotattributes_out[Symbol("radialaxis$(spidx)")] = plotly_polaraxis(sp[:yaxis])
+            plotattributes_out[Symbol("angularaxis$(spidx)")] = plotly_polaraxis(sp, sp[:xaxis])
+            plotattributes_out[Symbol("radialaxis$(spidx)")] = plotly_polaraxis(sp, sp[:yaxis])
        else
            plotattributes_out[Symbol("xaxis$(x_idx)")] = plotly_axis(plt, sp[:xaxis], sp)
            # don't allow yaxis to be reupdated/reanchored in a linked subplot
@@ -348,14 +346,14 @@ function plotly_layout(plt::Plot)
 end

 function plotly_layout_json(plt::Plot)
-    JSON.json(plotly_layout(plt))
+    JSON.json(plotly_layout(plt), 4)
 end


 function plotly_colorscale(grad::ColorGradient, α)
-    [[grad.values[i], rgba_string(plot_color(grad.colors[i], α))] for i in 1:length(grad.colors)]
+    [[grad.values[i], rgba_string(plot_color(grad.colors[i], α))] for i in eachindex(grad.colors)]
 end
-plotly_colorscale(c, α) = plotly_colorscale(cgrad(alpha=α), α)
+plotly_colorscale(c::Colorant,α) = plotly_colorscale(_as_gradient(c),α)
 function plotly_colorscale(c::AbstractVector{<:RGBA}, α)
    if length(c) == 1
        return [[0.0, rgba_string(plot_color(c[1], α))], [1.0, rgba_string(plot_color(c[1], α))]]
@@ -394,7 +392,7 @@ end
 # we split by NaNs and then construct/destruct the shapes to get the closed coords
 function plotly_close_shapes(x, y)
    xs, ys = nansplit(x), nansplit(y)
-    for i=1:length(xs)
+    for i=eachindex(xs)
        shape = Shape(xs[i], ys[i])
        xs[i], ys[i] = coords(shape)
    end
@@ -404,7 +402,7 @@ end
 function plotly_data(series::Series, letter::Symbol, data)
    axis = series[:subplot][Symbol(letter, :axis)]

-    data = if axis[:ticks] == :native && data != nothing
+    data = if axis[:ticks] == :native && data !== nothing
        plotly_native_data(axis, data)
    else
       data
@@ -416,7 +414,8 @@ function plotly_data(series::Series, letter::Symbol, data)
        plotly_data(data)
    end
 end
-plotly_data(v) = v != nothing ? collect(v) : v
+plotly_data(v) = v !== nothing ? collect(v) : v
+plotly_data(v::AbstractArray) = v
 plotly_data(surf::Surface) = surf.surf
 plotly_data(v::AbstractArray{R}) where {R<:Rational} = float(v)

@@ -437,7 +436,7 @@ plotly_native_data(axis::Axis, a::Surface) = Surface(plotly_native_data(axis, a.

 function plotly_convert_to_datetime(x::AbstractArray, formatter::Function)
    if formatter == datetimeformatter
-        map(xi -> replace(formatter(xi), "T", " "), x)
+        map(xi -> replace(formatter(xi), "T" => " "), x)
    elseif formatter == dateformatter
        map(xi -> string(formatter(xi), " 00:00:00"), x)
    elseif formatter == timeformatter
@@ -455,7 +454,7 @@ function plotly_series(plt::Plot, series::Series)
    st = series[:seriestype]

    sp = series[:subplot]
-    clims = get_clims(sp)
+    clims = get_clims(sp, series)

    if st == :shape
        return plotly_series_shapes(plt, series, clims)
@@ -470,7 +469,7 @@ function plotly_series(plt::Plot, series::Series)
    plotattributes_out[:showlegend] = should_add_to_legend(series)

    if st == :straightline
-        x, y = straightline_data(series)
+        x, y = straightline_data(series, 100)
        z = series[:z]
    else
        x, y, z  = series[:x], series[:y], series[:z]
@@ -507,13 +506,13 @@ function plotly_series(plt::Plot, series::Series)
        plotattributes_out[:showscale] = hascolorbar(sp)

    elseif st == :contour
+        filled = isfilledcontour(series)
        plotattributes_out[:type] = "contour"
        plotattributes_out[:x], plotattributes_out[:y], plotattributes_out[:z] = x, y, z
-        # plotattributes_out[:showscale] = series[:colorbar] != :none
-        plotattributes_out[:ncontours] = series[:levels]
-        plotattributes_out[:contours] = KW(:coloring => series[:fillrange] != nothing ? "fill" : "lines", :showlabels => series[:contour_labels] == true)
+        plotattributes_out[:ncontours] = series[:levels] + 2
+        plotattributes_out[:contours] = KW(:coloring => filled ? "fill" : "lines", :showlabels => series[:contour_labels] == true)
        plotattributes_out[:colorscale] = plotly_colorscale(series[:linecolor], series[:linealpha])
-        plotattributes_out[:showscale] = hascolorbar(sp)
+        plotattributes_out[:showscale] = hascolorbar(sp) && hascolorbar(series)

    elseif st in (:surface, :wireframe)
        plotattributes_out[:type] = "surface"
@@ -530,7 +529,7 @@ function plotly_series(plt::Plot, series::Series)
        else
            plotattributes_out[:colorscale] = plotly_colorscale(series[:fillcolor], series[:fillalpha])
            plotattributes_out[:opacity] = series[:fillalpha]
-            if series[:fill_z] != nothing
+            if series[:fill_z] !== nothing
                plotattributes_out[:surfacecolor] = plotly_surface_data(series, series[:fill_z])
            end
            plotattributes_out[:showscale] = hascolorbar(sp)
@@ -585,7 +584,7 @@ function plotly_series_shapes(plt::Plot, series::Series, clims)
    )

    x, y = (plotly_data(series, letter, data)
-        for (letter, data) in zip((:x, :y), shape_data(series))
+        for (letter, data) in zip((:x, :y), shape_data(series, 100))
    )

    for (i,rng) in enumerate(segments)
@@ -612,11 +611,11 @@ function plotly_series_shapes(plt::Plot, series::Series, clims)
        plotly_hover!(plotattributes_out, _cycle(series[:hover], i))
        plotattributes_outs[i] = plotattributes_out
    end
-    if series[:fill_z] != nothing
+    if series[:fill_z] !== nothing
        push!(plotattributes_outs, plotly_colorbar_hack(series, plotattributes_base, :fill))
-    elseif series[:line_z] != nothing
+    elseif series[:line_z] !== nothing
        push!(plotattributes_outs, plotly_colorbar_hack(series, plotattributes_base, :line))
-    elseif series[:marker_z] != nothing
+    elseif series[:marker_z] !== nothing
        push!(plotattributes_outs, plotly_colorbar_hack(series, plotattributes_base, :marker))
    end
    plotattributes_outs
@@ -632,11 +631,9 @@ function plotly_series_segments(series::Series, plotattributes_base::KW, x, y, z
        (isa(series[:fillrange], AbstractVector) || isa(series[:fillrange], Tuple))

    segments = iter_segments(series)
-    plotattributes_outs = Vector{KW}(undef, (hasfillrange ? 2 : 1 ) * length(segments))
+    plotattributes_outs = fill(KW(), (hasfillrange ? 2 : 1 ) * length(segments))

    for (i,rng) in enumerate(segments)
-        !isscatter && length(rng) < 2 && continue
-
        plotattributes_out = deepcopy(plotattributes_base)
        plotattributes_out[:showlegend] = i==1 ? should_add_to_legend(series) : false
        plotattributes_out[:legendgroup] = series[:label]
@@ -736,11 +733,11 @@ function plotly_series_segments(series::Series, plotattributes_base::KW, x, y, z
        end
    end

-    if series[:line_z] != nothing
+    if series[:line_z] !== nothing
        push!(plotattributes_outs, plotly_colorbar_hack(series, plotattributes_base, :line))
-    elseif series[:fill_z] != nothing
+    elseif series[:fill_z] !== nothing
        push!(plotattributes_outs, plotly_colorbar_hack(series, plotattributes_base, :fill))
-    elseif series[:marker_z] != nothing
+    elseif series[:marker_z] !== nothing
        push!(plotattributes_outs, plotly_colorbar_hack(series, plotattributes_base, :marker))
    end

@@ -775,7 +772,7 @@ end
 function plotly_polar!(plotattributes_out::KW, series::Series)
    # convert polar plots x/y to theta/radius
    if ispolar(series[:subplot])
-        theta, r = filter_radial_data(pop!(plotattributes_out, :x), pop!(plotattributes_out, :y), axis_limits(series[:subplot][:yaxis]))
+        theta, r = pop!(plotattributes_out, :x), pop!(plotattributes_out, :y)
        plotattributes_out[:t] = rad2deg.(theta)
        plotattributes_out[:r] = r
    end
@@ -785,7 +782,7 @@ function plotly_hover!(plotattributes_out::KW, hover)
    # hover text
    if hover in (:none, false)
        plotattributes_out[:hoverinfo] = "none"
-    elseif hover != nothing
+    elseif hover !== nothing
        plotattributes_out[:hoverinfo] = "text"
        plotattributes_out[:text] = hover
    end
@@ -801,13 +798,16 @@ function plotly_series(plt::Plot)
 end

 # get json string for a list of dictionaries, each representing the series params
-plotly_series_json(plt::Plot) = JSON.json(plotly_series(plt))
+plotly_series_json(plt::Plot) = JSON.json(plotly_series(plt), 4)

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

+html_head(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}) = plotly_html_head(plt)
+html_body(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}) = plotly_html_body(plt)
+
 const ijulia_initialized = Ref(false)

-function html_head(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
+function plotly_html_head(plt::Plot)
    local_file = ("file://" * plotly_local_file_path)
    plotly = use_local_dependencies[] ? local_file : plotly_remote_file_path
    if isijulia() && !ijulia_initialized[]
@@ -823,13 +823,11 @@ function html_head(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
        """)
        ijulia_initialized[] = true
    end
-    # IJulia just needs one initialization
-    isijulia() && return ""
    return "<script src=$(repr(plotly))></script>"
 end

-function html_body(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}, style = nothing)
-    if style == nothing
+function plotly_html_body(plt, style = nothing)
+    if style === nothing
        w, h = plt[:size]
        style = "width:$(w)px;height:$(h)px;"
    end
@@ -844,21 +842,34 @@ function html_body(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}, style = nothing)
    html
 end

-function js_body(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}, uuid)
+function js_body(plt::Plot, uuid)
    js = """
        PLOT = document.getElementById('$(uuid)');
        Plotly.plot(PLOT, $(plotly_series_json(plt)), $(plotly_layout_json(plt)));
    """
 end

+function plotly_show_js(io::IO, plot::Plot)
+    data = []
+    for series in plot.series_list
+        append!(data, plotly_series(plot, series))
+    end
+    layout = plotly_layout(plot)
+    JSON.print(io, Dict(:data => data, :layout => layout))
+end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

+function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"application/vnd.plotly.v1+json", plot::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
+    plotly_show_js(io, plot)
+end
+

 function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
-    write(io, html_head(plt) * html_body(plt))
+    write(io, standalone_html(plt))
 end

+
 function _display(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
    standalone_html_window(plt)
 end
@@ -1,86 +1,44 @@
+# https://github.com/sglyon/PlotlyJS.jl

-# https://github.com/spencerlyon2/PlotlyJS.jl
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
-    if !isplotnull() && plt[:overwrite_figure] && isa(current().o, PlotlyJS.SyncPlot)
-        PlotlyJS.SyncPlot(PlotlyJS.Plot(), options = current().o.options)
-    else
-        PlotlyJS.plot()
+function plotlyjs_syncplot(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+    plt[:overwrite_figure] && closeall()
+    plt.o = PlotlyJS.plot()
+    traces = PlotlyJS.GenericTrace[]
+    for series_dict in plotly_series(plt)
+        plotly_type = pop!(series_dict, :type)
+        push!(traces, PlotlyJS.GenericTrace(plotly_type; series_dict...))
    end
+    PlotlyJS.addtraces!(plt.o, traces...)
+    layout = plotly_layout(plt)
+    w, h = plt[:size]
+    PlotlyJS.relayout!(plt.o, layout, width = w, height = h)
+    return plt.o
 end

+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-function _series_added(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}, series::Series)
-    syncplot = plt.o
-    pdicts = plotly_series(plt, series)
-    for pdict in pdicts
-        typ = pop!(pdict, :type)
-        gt = PlotlyJS.GenericTrace(typ; pdict...)
-        PlotlyJS.addtraces!(syncplot, gt)
-    end
+const _plotlyjs_mimeformats = Dict(
+    "application/pdf" => "pdf",
+    "image/png"       => "png",
+    "image/svg+xml"   => "svg",
+    "image/eps"       => "eps",
+)
+
+for (mime, fmt) in _plotlyjs_mimeformats
+    @eval _show(io::IO, ::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = PlotlyJS.savefig(io, plotlyjs_syncplot(plt), format = $fmt)
 end

-function _series_updated(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}, series::Series)
-    xsym, ysym = (ispolar(series) ? (:t,:r) : (:x,:y))
-    kw = KW(xsym => (series.plotattributes[:x],), ysym => (series.plotattributes[:y],))
-    z = series[:z]
-    if z != nothing
-        kw[:z] = (isa(z,Surface) ? transpose_z(series, series[:z].surf, false) : z,)
-    end
-    PlotlyJS.restyle!(
-        plt.o,
-        findfirst(isequal(series), plt.series_list),
-        kw
-    )
-end
+# Use the Plotly implementation for json and html:
+_show(io::IO, mime::MIME"application/vnd.plotly.v1+json", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotly_show_js(io, plt)

+html_head(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotly_html_head(plt)
+html_body(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotly_html_body(plt)

-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+_show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = write(io, standalone_html(plt))

-function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
-    pdict = plotly_layout(plt)
-    syncplot = plt.o
-    w,h = plt[:size]
-    PlotlyJS.relayout!(syncplot, pdict, width = w, height = h)
-end
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
-    if isijulia() && !_use_remote[]
-        write(io, PlotlyJS.html_body(PlotlyJS.JupyterPlot(plt.o)))
-    else
-        show(io, MIME("text/html"), plt.o)
-    end
-end
-
-function plotlyjs_save_hack(io::IO, plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}, ext::String)
-    tmpfn = tempname() * "." * ext
-    PlotlyJS.savefig(plt.o, tmpfn)
-    write(io, read(open(tmpfn)))
-end
-_show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/svg+xml", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotlyjs_save_hack(io, plt, "svg")
-_show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotlyjs_save_hack(io, plt, "png")
-_show(io::IO, ::MIME"application/pdf", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotlyjs_save_hack(io, plt, "pdf")
-_show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/eps", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotlyjs_save_hack(io, plt, "eps")
-
-function write_temp_html(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
-    filename = string(tempname(), ".html")
-    savefig(plt, filename)
-    filename
-end
-
-function _display(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
-    if get(ENV, "PLOTS_USE_ATOM_PLOTPANE", true) in (true, 1, "1", "true", "yes")
-        display(plt.o)
-    else
-        standalone_html_window(plt)
-    end
-end
+_display(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = display(plotlyjs_syncplot(plt))

@require WebIO = "0f1e0344-ec1d-5b48-a673-e5cf874b6c29" begin
    function WebIO.render(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ function rebuildUnicodePlot!(plt::Plot, width, height)
    for sp in plt.subplots
        xaxis = sp[:xaxis]
        yaxis = sp[:yaxis]
-        xlim =  axis_limits(xaxis)
-        ylim =  axis_limits(yaxis)
+        xlim =  axis_limits(sp, :x)
+        ylim =  axis_limits(sp, :y)

        # make vectors
        xlim = [xlim[1], xlim[2]]
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ function addUnicodeSeries!(o, plotattributes::KW, addlegend::Bool, xlim, ylim)
    x, y = if st == :straightline
        straightline_data(plotattributes)
    elseif st == :shape
-        shape_data(series)
+        shape_data(plotattributes)
    else
        [collect(float(plotattributes[s])) for s in (:x, :y)]
    end
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@


-const P2 = StaticArrays.SVector{2,Float64}
-const P3 = StaticArrays.SVector{3,Float64}
+const P2 = GeometryTypes.Point2{Float64}
+const P3 = GeometryTypes.Point3{Float64}

 nanpush!(a::AbstractVector{P2}, b) = (push!(a, P2(NaN,NaN)); push!(a, b))
 nanappend!(a::AbstractVector{P2}, b) = (push!(a, P2(NaN,NaN)); append!(a, b))
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ end
 function scale!(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x, c = center(shape))
    sx, sy = coords(shape)
    cx, cy = c
-    for i=1:length(sx)
+    for i=eachindex(sx)
        sx[i] = (sx[i] - cx) * x + cx
        sy[i] = (sy[i] - cy) * y + cy
    end
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ end
 "translate a Shape in space"
 function translate!(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x)
    sx, sy = coords(shape)
-    for i=1:length(sx)
+    for i=eachindex(sx)
        sx[i] += x
        sy[i] += y
    end
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ end
 function rotate!(shape::Shape, Θ::Real, c = center(shape))
    x, y = coords(shape)
    cx, cy = c
-    for i=1:length(x)
+    for i=eachindex(x)
        xi = rotate_x(x[i], y[i], Θ, cx, cy)
        yi = rotate_y(x[i], y[i], Θ, cx, cy)
        x[i], y[i] = xi, yi
@@ -256,8 +256,24 @@ mutable struct Font
  color::Colorant
 end

-"Create a Font from a list of unordered features"
-function font(args...)
+"""
+    font(args...)
+Create a Font from a list of features. Values may be specified either as
+arguments (which are distinguished by type/value) or as keyword arguments.
+# Arguments
+- `family`: AbstractString. "serif" or "sans-serif" or "monospace"
+- `pointsize`: Integer. Size of font in points
+- `halign`: Symbol. Horizontal alignment (:hcenter, :left, or :right)
+- `valign`: Symbol. Vertical aligment (:vcenter, :top, or :bottom)
+- `rotation`: Real. Angle of rotation for text in degrees (use a non-integer type)
+- `color`: Colorant or Symbol
+# Examples
+```julia-repl
+julia> font(8)
+julia> font(family="serif",halign=:center,rotation=45.0)
+```
+"""
+function font(args...;kw...)

  # defaults
  family = "sans-serif"
@@ -301,6 +317,32 @@ function font(args...)
    end
  end

+  for symbol in keys(kw)
+    if symbol == :family
+      family = kw[:family]
+    elseif symbol == :pointsize
+      pointsize = kw[:pointsize]
+    elseif symbol == :halign
+      halign = kw[:halign]
+      if halign == :center
+        halign = :hcenter
+      end
+      @assert halign in (:hcenter, :left, :right)
+    elseif symbol == :valign
+      valign = kw[:valign]
+      if valign == :center
+        valign = :vcenter
+      end
+      @assert valign in (:vcenter, :top, :bottom)
+    elseif symbol == :rotation
+      rotation = kw[:rotation]
+    elseif symbol == :color
+      color = parse(Colorant, kw[:color])
+    else
+      @warn("Unused font kwarg: $symbol")
+    end
+  end
+
  Font(family, pointsize, halign, valign, rotation, color)
 end

@@ -344,15 +386,16 @@ end
 PlotText(str) = PlotText(string(str), font())

 """
-    text(string, args...)
+    text(string, args...; kw...)

-Create a PlotText object wrapping a string with font info, for plot annotations
+Create a PlotText object wrapping a string with font info, for plot annotations.
+`args` and `kw` are passed to `font`.
 """
 text(t::PlotText) = t
 text(t::PlotText, font::Font) = PlotText(t.str, font)
 text(str::AbstractString, f::Font) = PlotText(str, f)
-function text(str, args...)
-  PlotText(string(str), font(args...))
+function text(str, args...;kw...)
+  PlotText(string(str), font(args...;kw...))
 end

 Base.length(t::PlotText) = length(t.str)
@@ -486,7 +529,7 @@ function series_annotations_shapes!(series::Series, scaletype::Symbol = :pixels)
    # end

    # @show msw msh
-    if anns != nothing && anns.baseshape != nothing
+    if anns !== nothing && anns.baseshape !== nothing
        # we use baseshape to overwrite the markershape attribute
        # with a list of custom shapes for each
        msw,msh = anns.scalefactor
@@ -525,7 +568,7 @@ mutable struct EachAnn
 end

 function Base.iterate(ea::EachAnn, i = 1)
-    if ea.anns == nothing || isempty(ea.anns.strs) || i > length(ea.y)
+    if ea.anns === nothing || isempty(ea.anns.strs) || i > length(ea.y)
        return nothing
    end

@@ -736,7 +779,7 @@ end

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 "create a BezierCurve for plotting"
-mutable struct BezierCurve{T <: StaticArrays.SVector}
+mutable struct BezierCurve{T <: GeometryTypes.Point}
    control_points::Vector{T}
 end

@@ -749,12 +792,9 @@ function (bc::BezierCurve)(t::Real)
    p
 end

-# mean(x::Real, y::Real) = 0.5*(x+y) #commented out as I cannot see this used anywhere and it overwrites a Base method with different functionality
-# mean{N,T<:Real}(ps::StaticArrays.SVector{N,T}...) = sum(ps) / length(ps) # I also could not see this used anywhere, and it's type piracy - implementing a NaNMath version for this would just involve converting to a standard array
-
@deprecate curve_points coords

-coords(curve::BezierCurve, n::Integer = 30; range = [0,1]) = map(curve, range(range..., stop=n, length=50))
+coords(curve::BezierCurve, n::Integer = 30; range = [0,1]) = map(curve, Base.range(range..., length=n))

 # build a BezierCurve which leaves point p vertically upwards and arrives point q vertically upwards.
 # may create a loop if necessary.  Assumes the view is [0,1]
@@ -86,8 +86,9 @@ yaxis!("YLABEL", :log10)
 PlotExample("Images",
    "Plot an image.  y-axis is set to flipped",
    [:(begin
-    import FileIO, PlotReferenceImages
-    img = FileIO.load(joinpath(dirname(pathof(PlotReferenceImages)), "..", "Plots","pyplot","0.7.0","ref1.png"))
+    import FileIO
+    path = download("http://juliaplots.org/PlotReferenceImages.jl/Plots/pyplot/0.7.0/ref1.png")
+    img = FileIO.load(path)
        plot(img)
    end)]
 ),
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ PlotExample("Marker types",
 ),

 PlotExample("Bar",
-    "x is the midpoint of the bar. (todo: allow passing of edges instead of midpoints)",
+    "`x` is the midpoint of the bar. (todo: allow passing of edges instead of midpoints)",
    [:(begin
        bar(randn(99))
    end)]
@@ -237,12 +238,12 @@ build with the method `text(string, attr...)`, which wraps font and color attrib
 """,
    [:(begin
 y = rand(10)
-plot(y, annotations = (3,y[3],text("this is #3",:left)), leg=false)
-annotate!([(5, y[5], text("this is #5",16,:red,:center)),
-          (10, y[10], text("this is #10",:right,20,"courier"))])
+plot(y, annotations = (3,y[3], Plots.text("this is #3",:left)), leg=false)
+annotate!([(5, y[5], Plots.text("this is #5",16,:red,:center)),
+          (10, y[10], Plots.text("this is #10",:right,20,"courier"))])
 scatter!(range(2, stop=8, length=6), rand(6), marker=(50,0.2,:orange),
         series_annotations = ["series","annotations","map","to","series",
-                               text("data",:green)])
+                               Plots.text("data",:green)])
    end)]
 ),

@@ -304,7 +305,8 @@ PlotExample("3D",

 PlotExample("DataFrames",
    "Plot using DataFrame column symbols.",
-    [:(begin
+    [:(using StatsPlots), # can't be inside begin block because @df gets expanded first
+     :(begin
        import RDatasets
        iris = RDatasets.dataset("datasets", "iris")
        @df iris scatter(:SepalLength, :SepalWidth, group=:Species,
@@ -353,7 +355,8 @@ PlotExample("Layouts, margins, label rotation, title location",

 PlotExample("Boxplot and Violin series recipes",
    "",
-    [:(begin
+    [:(using StatsPlots), # can't be inside begin block because @df gets expanded first
+     :(begin
        import RDatasets
        singers = RDatasets.dataset("lattice", "singer")
        @df singers violin(:VoicePart, :Height, line = 0, fill = (0.2, :blue))
@@ -453,6 +456,49 @@ see: http://stackoverflow.com/a/37732384/5075246
    end)]
 ),

+PlotExample("Ribbons",
+    """
+    Ribbons can be added to lines via the `ribbon` keyword;
+    you can pass a tuple of arrays (upper and lower bounds),
+    a single Array (for symmetric ribbons), a Function, or a number.
+    """,
+    [:(begin
+        plot(
+            plot(0:10; ribbon = (LinRange(0, 2, 10), LinRange(0, 1, 10))),
+            plot(0:10; ribbon = 0:0.5:5),
+            plot(0:10; ribbon = sqrt),
+            plot(0:10; ribbon = 1),
+        )
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Histogram2D (complex values)",
+    "",
+    [:(begin
+        n = 10_000
+        x = exp.(0.1randn(n) .+ randn(n).*(im))
+        histogram2d(x, nbins=(20,40), show_empty_bins=true,
+                    normed=true, aspect_ratio=1)
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Unconnected lines using `missing` or `NaN`",
+"""
+Missing values and non-finite values, including `NaN`, are not plotted.
+Instead, lines are separated into segments at these values.
+""",
+    [:(begin
+        x,y = [1,2,2,1,1], [1,2,1,2,1]
+        plot(
+              plot([rand(5); NaN; rand(5); NaN; rand(5)]),
+              plot([1,missing,2,3], marker=true),
+              plot([x; NaN; x.+2], [y; NaN; y.+1], arrow=2),
+              plot([1, 2+3im, Inf, 4im, 3, -Inf*im, 0, 3+3im], marker=true),
+              legend=false
+        )
+    end)]
+),
+
 ]

 # Some constants for PlotDocs and PlotReferenceImages
@@ -460,7 +506,7 @@ _animation_examples = [2, 30]
 _backend_skips = Dict(
    :gr => [25, 30],
    :pyplot => [25, 30],
-    :plotlyjs => [2, 21, 25, 30, 31],
+    :plotlyjs => [2, 21, 24, 25, 30, 31],
    :pgfplots => [2, 5, 6, 10, 16, 20, 22, 23, 25, 28, 30],
 )

@@ -474,7 +520,12 @@ function test_examples(pkgname::Symbol, idx::Int; debug = false, disp = true)
  @info("Testing plot: $pkgname:$idx:$(_examples[idx].header)")
  backend(pkgname)
  backend()
-  map(eval, _examples[idx].exprs)
+
+  # prevent leaking variables (esp. functions) directly into Plots namespace
+  m = Module(:PlotExampleModule)
+  Base.eval(m, :(using Plots))
+  map(exprs -> Base.eval(m, exprs), _examples[idx].exprs)
+
  plt = current()
  if disp
    gui(plt)
@@ -494,8 +545,8 @@ function test_examples(pkgname::Symbol; debug = false, disp = true, sleep = noth
                                        skip = [], only = nothing)
  Plots._debugMode.on = debug
  plts = Dict()
-  for i in 1:length(_examples)
-    only != nothing && !(i in only) && continue
+  for i in eachindex(_examples)
+    only !== nothing && !(i in only) && continue
    i in skip && continue
    try
      plt = test_examples(pkgname, i, debug=debug, disp=disp)
@@ -504,7 +555,7 @@ function test_examples(pkgname::Symbol; debug = false, disp = true, sleep = noth
      # TODO: put error info into markdown?
      @warn("Example $pkgname:$i:$(_examples[i].header) failed with: $ex")
    end
-    if sleep != nothing
+    if sleep !== nothing
        Base.sleep(sleep)
    end
  end
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+# A backup, if no PNG generation is defined, is to try to make a PDF and use FileIO to convert
+
+_fileio_load(@nospecialize(filename::AbstractString)) = FileIO.load(filename::AbstractString)
+_fileio_save(@nospecialize(filename::AbstractString), @nospecialize(x)) = FileIO.save(filename::AbstractString, x)
+
+function _show_pdfbackends(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot)
+    fn = tempname()
+
+    # first save a pdf file
+    pdf(plt, fn)
+
+    # load that pdf into a FileIO Stream
+    s = _fileio_load(fn * ".pdf")
+
+    # save a png
+    pngfn = fn * ".png"
+    _fileio_save(pngfn, s)
+
+    # now write from the file
+    write(io, read(open(pngfn), String))
+end
+
+const PDFBackends = Union{PGFPlotsBackend,PlotlyJSBackend,PyPlotBackend,InspectDRBackend,GRBackend}
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+const use_local_dependencies = Ref(false)
+const use_local_plotlyjs = Ref(false)
+
+
+function _init_ijulia_plotting()
+    # IJulia is more stable with local file
+    use_local_plotlyjs[] = isfile(plotly_local_file_path)
+
+    ENV["MPLBACKEND"] = "Agg"
+end
+
+
+"""
+Add extra jupyter mimetypes to display_dict based on the plot backed.
+
+The default is nothing, except for plotly based backends, where it
+adds data for `application/vnd.plotly.v1+json` that is used in
+frontends like jupyterlab and nteract.
+"""
+_ijulia__extra_mime_info!(plt::Plot, out::Dict) = out
+
+function _ijulia__extra_mime_info!(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}, out::Dict)
+    out["application/vnd.plotly.v1+json"] = Dict(
+        :data => plotly_series(plt),
+        :layout => plotly_layout(plt)
+    )
+    out
+end
+
+function _ijulia__extra_mime_info!(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}, out::Dict)
+    out["application/vnd.plotly.v1+json"] = Dict(
+        :data => plotly_series(plt),
+        :layout => plotly_layout(plt)
+    )
+    out
+end
+
+
+function _ijulia_display_dict(plt::Plot)
+    output_type = Symbol(plt.attr[:html_output_format])
+    if output_type == :auto
+        output_type = get(_best_html_output_type, backend_name(plt.backend), :svg)
+    end
+    out = Dict()
+    if output_type == :txt
+        mime = "text/plain"
+        out[mime] = sprint(show, MIME(mime), plt)
+    elseif output_type == :png
+        mime = "image/png"
+        out[mime] = base64encode(show, MIME(mime), plt)
+    elseif output_type == :svg
+        mime = "image/svg+xml"
+        out[mime] = sprint(show, MIME(mime), plt)
+    elseif output_type == :html
+        mime = "text/html"
+        out[mime] = sprint(show, MIME(mime), plt)
+    else
+        error("Unsupported output type $output_type")
+    end
+    _ijulia__extra_mime_info!(plt, out)
+    out
+end
@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
 using REPL

-const use_local_dependencies = Ref(false)
+
+function _plots_defaults()
+    if isdefined(Main, :PLOTS_DEFAULTS)
+        Dict{Symbol,Any}(Main.PLOTS_DEFAULTS)
+    else
+        Dict{Symbol,Any}()
+    end
+end
+

 function __init__()
-
-    if isdefined(Main, :PLOTS_DEFAULTS)
-        if haskey(Main.PLOTS_DEFAULTS, :theme)
-            theme(Main.PLOTS_DEFAULTS[:theme])
-        end
-        for (k,v) in Main.PLOTS_DEFAULTS
-            k == :theme || default(k, v)
-        end
+    user_defaults = _plots_defaults()
+    if haskey(user_defaults, :theme)
+        theme(user_defaults[:theme])
+    end
+    for (k,v) in user_defaults
+        k == :theme || default(k, v)
    end

    insert!(Base.Multimedia.displays, findlast(x -> x isa Base.TextDisplay || x isa REPL.REPLDisplay, Base.Multimedia.displays) + 1, PlotsDisplay())
@@ -22,102 +28,74 @@ function __init__()
        insert!(Base.Multimedia.displays, findlast(x -> x isa REPL.REPLDisplay, Base.Multimedia.displays) + 1, PlotsDisplay())
    end)

-    @require HDF5 = "f67ccb44-e63f-5c2f-98bd-6dc0ccc4ba2f" include(joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "hdf5.jl"))
-    @require InspectDR = "d0351b0e-4b05-5898-87b3-e2a8edfddd1d" include(joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "inspectdr.jl"))
-    @require PGFPlots = "3b7a836e-365b-5785-a47d-02c71176b4aa" include(joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "pgfplots.jl"))
-    @require PlotlyJS = "f0f68f2c-4968-5e81-91da-67840de0976a" include(joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "plotlyjs.jl"))
-    @require PyPlot = "d330b81b-6aea-500a-939a-2ce795aea3ee" include(joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "pyplot.jl"))
-    @require UnicodePlots = "b8865327-cd53-5732-bb35-84acbb429228" include(joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "unicodeplots.jl"))
+    @require HDF5 = "f67ccb44-e63f-5c2f-98bd-6dc0ccc4ba2f" begin
+        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "hdf5.jl")
+        include(fn)
+        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
+    end
+
+    @require InspectDR = "d0351b0e-4b05-5898-87b3-e2a8edfddd1d" begin
+        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "inspectdr.jl")
+        include(fn)
+        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
+    end
+
+    @require PGFPlots = "3b7a836e-365b-5785-a47d-02c71176b4aa" begin
+        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "pgfplots.jl")
+        include(fn)
+        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
+    end
+
+    @require ORCA = "47be7bcc-f1a6-5447-8b36-7eeeff7534fd" begin
+        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "orca.jl")
+        include(fn)
+        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
+    end
+
+    @require PGFPlotsX = "8314cec4-20b6-5062-9cdb-752b83310925" begin
+        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "pgfplotsx.jl")
+        include(fn)
+        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
+    end
+
+    @require PlotlyJS = "f0f68f2c-4968-5e81-91da-67840de0976a" begin
+        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "plotlyjs.jl")
+        include(fn)
+        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
+    end
+
+    @require PyPlot = "d330b81b-6aea-500a-939a-2ce795aea3ee" begin
+        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "pyplot.jl")
+        include(fn)
+        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
+    end
+
+    @require UnicodePlots = "b8865327-cd53-5732-bb35-84acbb429228" begin
+        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "unicodeplots.jl")
+        include(fn)
+        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
+    end

-    # ---------------------------------------------------------
-    # IJulia
-    # ---------------------------------------------------------
-    use_local = false
    @require IJulia = "7073ff75-c697-5162-941a-fcdaad2a7d2a" begin
        if IJulia.inited
-            # IJulia is more stable with local file
-            use_local = isfile(plotly_local_file_path)
-            """
-            Add extra jupyter mimetypes to display_dict based on the plot backed.
+            _init_ijulia_plotting()

-            The default is nothing, except for plotly based backends, where it
-            adds data for `application/vnd.plotly.v1+json` that is used in
-            frontends like jupyterlab and nteract.
-            """
-            _extra_mime_info!(plt::Plot, out::Dict) = out
-            function _extra_mime_info!(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}, out::Dict)
-                out["application/vnd.plotly.v1+json"] = JSON.lower(plt.o)
-                out
-            end
-
-            function _extra_mime_info!(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}, out::Dict)
-                out["application/vnd.plotly.v1+json"] = Dict(
-                    :data => plotly_series(plt),
-                    :layout => plotly_layout(plt)
-                )
-                out
-            end
-
-            function IJulia.display_dict(plt::Plot)
-                output_type = Symbol(plt.attr[:html_output_format])
-                if output_type == :auto
-                    output_type = get(_best_html_output_type, backend_name(plt.backend), :svg)
-                end
-                out = Dict()
-                if output_type == :txt
-                    mime = "text/plain"
-                    out[mime] = sprint(show, MIME(mime), plt)
-                elseif output_type == :png
-                    mime = "image/png"
-                    out[mime] = base64encode(show, MIME(mime), plt)
-                elseif output_type == :svg
-                    mime = "image/svg+xml"
-                    out[mime] = sprint(show, MIME(mime), plt)
-                elseif output_type == :html
-                    mime = "text/html"
-                    out[mime] = sprint(show, MIME(mime), plt)
-                else
-                    error("Unsupported output type $output_type")
-                end
-                _extra_mime_info!(plt, out)
-                out
-            end
-
-            ENV["MPLBACKEND"] = "Agg"
+            IJulia.display_dict(plt::Plot) = _ijulia_display_dict(plt)
        end
    end

    if haskey(ENV, "PLOTS_HOST_DEPENDENCY_LOCAL")
-        use_local = ENV["PLOTS_HOST_DEPENDENCY_LOCAL"] == "true"
-        use_local_dependencies[] = isfile(plotly_local_file_path) && use_local
-        if use_local && !isfile(plotly_local_file_path)
+        use_local_plotlyjs[] = ENV["PLOTS_HOST_DEPENDENCY_LOCAL"] == "true"
+        use_local_dependencies[] = isfile(plotly_local_file_path) && use_local_plotlyjs[]
+        if use_local_plotlyjs[] && !isfile(plotly_local_file_path)
            @warn("PLOTS_HOST_DEPENDENCY_LOCAL is set to true, but no local plotly file found. run Pkg.build(\"Plots\") and make sure PLOTS_HOST_DEPENDENCY_LOCAL is set to true")
        end
    else
-        use_local_dependencies[] = use_local
+        use_local_dependencies[] = use_local_plotlyjs[]
    end


-
-    # ---------------------------------------------------------
-    # A backup, if no PNG generation is defined, is to try to make a PDF and use FileIO to convert
    @require FileIO = "5789e2e9-d7fb-5bc7-8068-2c6fae9b9549" begin
-        PDFBackends = Union{PGFPlotsBackend,PlotlyJSBackend,PyPlotBackend,InspectDRBackend,GRBackend}
-        function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{<:PDFBackends})
-            fn = tempname()
-
-            # first save a pdf file
-            pdf(plt, fn)
-
-            # load that pdf into a FileIO Stream
-            s = FileIO.load(fn * ".pdf")
-
-            # save a png
-            pngfn = fn * ".png"
-            FileIO.save(pngfn, s)
-
-            # now write from the file
-            write(io, read(open(pngfn), String))
-        end
+        _show(io::IO, mime::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{<:PDFBackends}) = _show_pdfbackends(io, mime, plt)
    end
 end
@@ -107,11 +107,10 @@ function resolve_mixed(mix::MixedMeasures, sp::Subplot, letter::Symbol)
    if mix.len != 0mm
        f = (letter == :x ? width : height)
        totlen = f(plotarea(sp))
-        @show totlen
        pct += mix.len / totlen
    end
    if pct != 0
-        amin, amax = axis_limits(sp[Symbol(letter,:axis)])
+        amin, amax = axis_limits(sp, letter)
        xy += pct * (amax-amin)
    end
    xy
@@ -218,6 +217,7 @@ bottompad(layout::AbstractLayout) = 0mm
 # this is the parent of the top-level layout
 struct RootLayout <: AbstractLayout end

+Base.show(io::IO, layout::RootLayout) = Base.show_default(io, layout)
 Base.parent(::RootLayout) = nothing
 parent_bbox(::RootLayout) = defaultbox
 bbox(::RootLayout) = defaultbox
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ function layout_args(plotattributes::KW)
 end

 function layout_args(plotattributes::KW, n_override::Integer)
-    layout, n = layout_args(get(plotattributes, :layout, n_override))
+    layout, n = layout_args(n_override, get(plotattributes, :layout, n_override))
    if n != n_override
        error("When doing layout, n ($n) != n_override ($(n_override)).  You're probably trying to force existing plots into a layout that doesn't fit them.")
    end
@@ -481,12 +481,27 @@ function layout_args(n::Integer)
    GridLayout(nr, nc), n
 end

-function layout_args(sztup::NTuple{2,I}) where I<:Integer
+function layout_args(sztup::NTuple{2, Integer})
    nr, nc = sztup
    GridLayout(nr, nc), nr*nc
 end

-function layout_args(sztup::NTuple{3,I}) where I<:Integer
+layout_args(n_override::Integer, n::Integer) = layout_args(n)
+layout_args(n, sztup::NTuple{2, Integer}) = layout_args(sztup)
+
+function layout_args(n, sztup::Tuple{Colon, Integer})
+    nc = sztup[2]
+    nr = ceil(Int, n / nc)
+    GridLayout(nr, nc), n
+end
+
+function layout_args(n, sztup::Tuple{Integer, Colon})
+    nr = sztup[1]
+    nc = ceil(Int, n / nr)
+    GridLayout(nr, nc), n
+end
+
+function layout_args(sztup::NTuple{3, Integer})
    n, nr, nc = sztup
    nr, nc = compute_gridsize(n, nr, nc)
    GridLayout(nr, nc), n
@@ -499,6 +514,8 @@ function layout_args(layout::GridLayout)
    layout, n
 end

+layout_args(n_override::Integer, layout::GridLayout) = layout_args(layout)
+
 layout_args(huh) = error("unhandled layout type $(typeof(huh)): $huh")


@@ -55,9 +55,7 @@ tex(fn::AbstractString) = tex(current(), fn)
 function html(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
    fn = addExtension(fn, "html")
    io = open(fn, "w")
-    _use_remote[] = true
    show(io, MIME("text/html"), plt)
-    _use_remote[] = false
    close(io)
 end
 html(fn::AbstractString) = html(current(), fn)
@@ -74,6 +72,7 @@ const _savemap = Dict(
    "eps" => eps,
    "tex" => tex,
    "html" => html,
+    "tikz" => tex,
  )

 function getExtension(fn::AbstractString)
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ type is inferred from the file extension. All backends support png and pdf
 file types, some also support svg, ps, eps, html and tex.
 """
 function savefig(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
-
+  fn = abspath(expanduser(fn))
  # get the extension
  local ext
  try
@@ -191,7 +190,7 @@ end
 # for writing to io streams... first prepare, then callback
 for mime in ("text/plain", "text/html", "image/png", "image/eps", "image/svg+xml",
             "application/eps", "application/pdf", "application/postscript",
-             "application/x-tex")
+             "application/x-tex", "application/vnd.plotly.v1+json")
    @eval function Base.show(io::IO, m::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot)
        if haskey(io, :juno_plotsize)
          showjuno(io, m, plt)
@@ -199,9 +198,12 @@ for mime in ("text/plain", "text/html", "image/png", "image/eps", "image/svg+xml
          prepare_output(plt)
          _show(io, m, plt)
        end
+        return nothing
    end
 end

+Base.show(io::IO, m::MIME"application/prs.juno.plotpane+html", plt::Plot) = showjuno(io, MIME("text/html"), plt)
+
 # default text/plain for all backends
 _show(io::IO, ::MIME{Symbol("text/plain")}, plt::Plot) = show(io, plt)

@@ -230,15 +232,16 @@ closeall() = closeall(backend())
 # Atom PlotPane
 # ---------------------------------------------------------
 function showjuno(io::IO, m, plt)
-    sz = plt[:size]
+    sz = collect(plt[:size])
    dpi = plt[:dpi]
    thickness_scaling = plt[:thickness_scaling]

    jsize = get(io, :juno_plotsize, [400, 500])
+    jratio = get(io, :juno_dpi_ratio, 1)

    scale = minimum(jsize[i] / sz[i] for i in 1:2)
-    plt[:size] = (s * scale for s in sz)
-    plt[:dpi] = Plots.DPI
+    plt[:size] = [s * scale for s in sz]
+    plt[:dpi] = jratio*Plots.DPI
    plt[:thickness_scaling] *= scale

    prepare_output(plt)
@@ -259,4 +262,6 @@ function _showjuno(io::IO, m::MIME"image/svg+xml", plt)
  end
 end

+Base.showable(::MIME"application/prs.juno.plotpane+html", plt::Plot) = showable(MIME"text/html"(), plt)
+
 _showjuno(io::IO, m, plt) = _show(io, m, plt)
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ function _expand_seriestype_array(plotattributes::KW, args)
    if typeof(sts) <: AbstractArray
        delete!(plotattributes, :seriestype)
        rd = Vector{RecipeData}(undef, size(sts, 1))
-        for r in 1:size(sts, 1)
+        for r in axes(sts, 1)
            dc = copy(plotattributes)
            dc[:seriestype] = sts[r:r,:]
            rd[r] = RecipeData(dc, args)
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ function _preprocess_userrecipe(kw::KW)
    end

    # convert a ribbon into a fillrange
-    if get(kw, :ribbon, nothing) != nothing
+    if get(kw, :ribbon, nothing) !== nothing
        make_fillrange_from_ribbon(kw)
    end
    return
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ function _add_errorbar_kw(kw_list::Vector{KW}, kw::KW)
    # handle error bars by creating new recipedata data... these will have
    # the same recipedata index as the recipedata they are copied from
    for esym in (:xerror, :yerror)
-        if get(kw, esym, nothing) != nothing
+        if get(kw, esym, nothing) !== nothing
            # we make a copy of the KW and apply an errorbar recipe
            errkw = copy(kw)
            errkw[:seriestype] = esym
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ function _plot_setup(plt::Plot, plotattributes::KW, kw_list::Vector{KW})

    # handle inset subplots
    insets = plt[:inset_subplots]
-    if insets != nothing
+    if insets !== nothing
        if !(typeof(insets) <: AVec)
            insets = [insets]
        end
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ mutable struct CurrentPlot
 end
 const CURRENT_PLOT = CurrentPlot(nothing)

-isplotnull() = CURRENT_PLOT.nullableplot == nothing
+isplotnull() = CURRENT_PLOT.nullableplot === nothing

 """
    current()
@@ -166,9 +166,9 @@ end
 function _plot!(plt::Plot, plotattributes::KW, args::Tuple)
    plotattributes[:plot_object] = plt

-    if !isempty(args) && !isdefined(Main, :StatPlots) &&
+    if !isempty(args) && !isdefined(Main, :StatsPlots) &&
            first(split(string(typeof(args[1])), ".")) == "DataFrames"
-        @warn("You're trying to plot a DataFrame, but this functionality is provided by StatPlots")
+        @warn("You're trying to plot a DataFrame, but this functionality is provided by StatsPlots")
    end

    # --------------------------------
@@ -50,8 +50,13 @@ function plotattr(attrtype::Symbol, attribute::AbstractString)

    desc = get(_arg_desc, attribute, "")
    first_period_idx = findfirst(isequal('.'), desc)
-    typedesc = desc[1:first_period_idx-1]
-    desc = strip(desc[first_period_idx+1:end])
+    if isnothing(first_period_idx) 
+        typedesc = ""
+        desc = strip(desc)
+    else
+        typedesc = desc[1:first_period_idx-1]
+        desc = strip(desc[first_period_idx+1:end])
+    end
    als = keys(filter(x->x[2]==attribute, _keyAliases)) |> collect |> sort
    als = join(map(string,als), ", ")
    def = _attribute_defaults[attrtype][attribute]
@@ -1,3 +1,873 @@
 function _precompile_()
    ccall(:jl_generating_output, Cint, ()) == 1 || return nothing
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#@layout")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#@layout")), LineNumberNode, Module, Expr})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")), NamedTuple{(:normed, :weights), Tuple{Bool, Array{Int64, 1}}}, typeof(Plots._make_hist), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}, Symbol})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")), NamedTuple{(:normed, :weights), Tuple{Bool, Nothing}}, typeof(Plots._make_hist), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Int64})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")), NamedTuple{(:normed, :weights), Tuple{Bool, Nothing}}, typeof(Plots._make_hist), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Tuple{Int64, Int64}})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")), NamedTuple{(:normed, :weights), Tuple{Bool, Nothing}}, typeof(Plots._make_hist), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}, Symbol})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:flip,), Tuple{Bool}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:foreground_color_grid, :grid, :gridalpha, :gridstyle, :gridlinewidth), Tuple{ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Bool, Float64, Symbol, Int64}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:formatter,), Tuple{Symbol}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:grid, :lims), Tuple{Bool, Tuple{Int64, Int64}}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:grid, :lims, :flip), Tuple{Bool, Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Bool}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:grid, :ticks), Tuple{Bool, Nothing}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:grid,), Tuple{Bool}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:grid,), Tuple{Bool}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:guide,), Tuple{String}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:lims, :flip, :ticks, :guide), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Bool, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, String}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:lims,), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Float64}}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:lims,), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Int64}}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:lims,), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Int64}}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:rotation,), Tuple{Int64}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:scale, :guide), Tuple{Symbol, String}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:ticks,), Tuple{Base.UnitRange{Int64}}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:ticks,), Tuple{Nothing}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##contour")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##contour")), NamedTuple{(:fill,), Tuple{Bool}}, typeof(Plots.contour), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Int})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_polyline")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_polyline")), NamedTuple{(:arrowside, :arrowstyle), Tuple{Symbol, Symbol}}, typeof(Plots.gr_polyline), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_polyline")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_polyline")), NamedTuple{(:arrowside, :arrowstyle), Tuple{Symbol, Symbol}}, typeof(Plots.gr_polyline), Array{Int64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_polyline")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_polyline")), NamedTuple{(:arrowside, :arrowstyle), Tuple{Symbol, Symbol}}, typeof(Plots.gr_polyline), Base.UnitRange{Int64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_set_font")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_set_font")), NamedTuple{(:halign, :valign, :rotation), Tuple{Symbol, Symbol, Int64}}, typeof(Plots.gr_set_font), Plots.Font})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_set_font")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_set_font")), NamedTuple{(:halign, :valign, :rotation), Tuple{Symbol, Symbol, Int64}}, typeof(Plots.gr_set_font), Plots.Font})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##heatmap")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##heatmap")), NamedTuple{(:aspect_ratio,), Tuple{Int64}}, typeof(Plots.heatmap), Array{String, 1}, Int})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##histogram")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##histogram")), NamedTuple{(:bins, :weights), Tuple{Symbol, Array{Int64, 1}}}, typeof(Plots.histogram), Array{Float64, 1}})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##histogram2d")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##histogram2d")), NamedTuple{(:nbins, :show_empty_bins, :normed, :aspect_ratio), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Bool, Bool, Int64}}, typeof(Plots.histogram2d), Array{Base.Complex{Float64}, 1}})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##histogram2d")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##histogram2d")), NamedTuple{(:nbins,), Tuple{Int64}}, typeof(Plots.histogram2d), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##hline!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##hline!")), NamedTuple{(:line,), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Symbol, Float64, Array{Symbol, 2}}}}, typeof(Plots.hline!), Array{Float64, 2}})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##pie")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##pie")), NamedTuple{(:title, :l), Tuple{String, Float64}}, typeof(Plots.pie), Array{String, 1}, Int})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##portfoliocomposition")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##portfoliocomposition")), NamedTuple{(:labels,), Tuple{Array{String, 2}}}, typeof(Plots.portfoliocomposition), Array{Float64, 2}, Int})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter!")), NamedTuple{(:marker, :series_annotations), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Float64, Symbol}, Array{Any, 1}}}, typeof(Plots.scatter!), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Int})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter!")), NamedTuple{(:markersize, :c), Tuple{Int64, Symbol}}, typeof(Plots.scatter!), Array{Float64, 1}})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter!")), NamedTuple{(:zcolor, :m, :ms, :lab), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Symbol, Float64, Plots.Stroke}, Array{Float64, 1}, String}}, typeof(Plots.scatter!), Array{Float64, 1}})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter")), NamedTuple{(:framestyle, :title, :color, :layout, :label, :markerstrokewidth, :ticks), Tuple{Array{Symbol, 2}, Array{String, 2}, Base.ReshapedArray{Int64, 2, Base.UnitRange{Int64}, Tuple{}}, Int64, String, Int64, Base.UnitRange{Int64}}}, typeof(Plots.scatter), Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter")), NamedTuple{(:m, :lab, :bg, :xlim, :ylim), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Symbol}, Array{String, 2}, Symbol, Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Tuple{Int64, Int64}}}, typeof(Plots.scatter), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Int})
+    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##test_examples")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##test_examples")), NamedTuple{(:disp,), Tuple{Bool}}, typeof(Plots.test_examples), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.__init__)})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_defaults!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_defaults!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_errorbar_kw), Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_errorbar_kw), Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_markershape), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_markershape), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_smooth_kw), Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_smooth_kw), Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_the_series), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_the_series), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._apply_type_recipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._apply_type_recipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._apply_type_recipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Function, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._apply_type_recipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Function, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._apply_type_recipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{String, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._apply_type_recipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Union{Base.Missing, Int64}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._apply_type_recipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, typeof(identity)})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._backend_instance), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._backend_instance), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._bin_centers), Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._binbarlike_baseline), Float64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cbar_unique), Array{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, 1}, String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cbar_unique), Array{Int64, 1}, String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cbar_unique), Array{Nothing, 1}, String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cbar_unique), Array{PlotUtils.ColorGradient, 1}, String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cbar_unique), Array{Symbol, 1}, String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._create_backend_figure), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Array{Any, 1}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Int64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Array{Float64, 1}, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Array{Float64, 1}, Base.UnitRange{Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Array{Float64, 1}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Array{Plots.Subplot{T} where T<:RecipesBase.AbstractBackend, 1}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Array{String, 1}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Base.OneTo{Int64}, Array{Int64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Float64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Int64, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Int64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Nothing, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Plots.Shape, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Symbol, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._display), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._display), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._do_plot_show), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._do_plot_show), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._do_plot_show), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._do_plot_show), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Base.Complex{Float64}, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Int64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Plots.OHLC{T} where T<:Real, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Union{Base.Missing, Int64}, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Base.Complex{Float64}, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Function, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Function, 1}, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Int64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Plots.OHLC{T} where T<:Real, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{String, 1}, Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Union{Base.Missing, Int64}, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Plots.PortfolioComposition}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Plots.Spy}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, typeof(Base.log), Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.PortfolioComposition}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.Spy}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{typeof(Base.log), Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_subplot_extrema), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_subplot_extrema), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._filter_input_data!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._heatmap_edges), Array{Float64, 1}, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._hist_edge), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}, Int64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._hist_edges), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._hist_edges), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Tuple{Int64, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._hist_edges), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._override_seriestype_check), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._pick_default_backend)})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._pick_default_backend)})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Base.Complex{Float64}, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Int64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Plots.OHLC{T} where T<:Real, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Union{Base.Missing, Int64}, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.PortfolioComposition}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.Spy}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{typeof(Base.log), Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot_setup), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot_setup), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plots_defaults)})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._prepare_annotations), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._prepare_annotations), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._prepare_subplot), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._prepare_subplot), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._prepare_subplot), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Base.Complex{Float64}, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Base.UnitRange{Int64}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Int64}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Int64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Plots.OHLC{T} where T<:Real, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Union{Base.Missing, Int64}, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Array{Float64, 2}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.UnitRange{Int64}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.PortfolioComposition}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.Spy}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{typeof(Base.log), Int64}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_barlike), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_barlike), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Int64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_barlike), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.OneTo{Int64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_binlike), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_userrecipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_userrecipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_plotrecipe), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_plotrecipe), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_seriesrecipe), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_seriesrecipe), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_seriesrecipe), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipe), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, RecipesBase.RecipeData})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipe), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, RecipesBase.RecipeData})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Base.Complex{Float64}, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Int64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Plots.OHLC{T} where T<:Real, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Union{Base.Missing, Int64}, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.PortfolioComposition}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.Spy}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{typeof(Base.log), Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._replace_linewidth), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._replace_linewidth), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._replace_markershape), Array{Symbol, 2}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._replace_markershape), Plots.Shape})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._scale_adjusted_values), Type{Float64}, Array{Float64, 1}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._series_index), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._show), Base.IOStream, Base.Multimedia.MIME{Symbol("image/png")}, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._show), Base.IOStream, Base.Multimedia.MIME{Symbol("image/png")}, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._subplot_setup), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._subplot_setup), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._transform_ticks), Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._transform_ticks), Base.UnitRange{Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._transform_ticks), Nothing})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._transform_ticks), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis), Plots.Axis, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis), Plots.Axis, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis_colors), Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis_colors), Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis_links), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis_links), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_clims), Float64, Float64, Float64, Float64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_clims), Float64, Float64, Int64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_min_padding!), Plots.GridLayout})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_min_padding!), Plots.GridLayout})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_min_padding!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_min_padding!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_plot_args), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_plot_args), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_series_attributes!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_series_attributes!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_series_attributes!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_args), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_args), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_args), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_colors), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_colors), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_colors), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_periphery), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Array{Any, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_periphery), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Array{Any, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.addExtension), String, String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.add_layout_pct!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Expr, Int64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.add_layout_pct!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Expr, Int64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.aliasesAndAutopick), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Base.Dict{Symbol, Symbol}, Array{Symbol, 1}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.aliasesAndAutopick), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Base.Dict{Symbol, Symbol}, Array{Symbol, 1}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.all3D), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.allAlphas), Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.allStyles), Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.allStyles), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.annotate!), Array{Tuple{Int64, Float64, Plots.PlotText}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.annotations), Array{Any, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.arrow), Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.attr), Plots.EmptyLayout, Symbol, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.attr), Plots.EmptyLayout, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.autopick), Array{ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, 1}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.autopick_ignore_none_auto), Array{Symbol, 1}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.axis_drawing_info), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.axis_drawing_info), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.axis_drawing_info_3d), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.axis_drawing_info_3d), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.axis_limits), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol, Bool, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.axis_limits), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol, Bool, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.axis_limits), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.axis_limits), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.backend), Plots.GRBackend})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.backend), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.backend), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.backend)})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.backend)})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.bar), Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.bbox!), Plots.GridLayout, Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.bbox!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.bottom), Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.bottompad), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.build_layout), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.build_layout), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.build_layout), Plots.GridLayout, Int64, Array{Plots.Plot{T} where T<:RecipesBase.AbstractBackend, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.build_layout), Plots.GridLayout, Int64, Array{Plots.Plot{T} where T<:RecipesBase.AbstractBackend, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.build_layout), Plots.GridLayout, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.build_layout), Plots.GridLayout, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.calc_num_subplots), Plots.EmptyLayout})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.calc_num_subplots), Plots.GridLayout})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.color_or_nothing!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.color_or_nothing!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.colorbar_style), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.colorbar_style), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.command_idx), Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_gridsize), Int64, Int64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Nothing})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Plots.Surface{Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Array{Float64, 1}, typeof(identity), Nothing})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Array{Float64, 1}, typeof(identity), Nothing})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Nothing})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Array{String, 1}, Array{String, 1}, Plots.Surface{Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Nothing, Array{Float64, 1}, Nothing})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Nothing, Array{Union{Base.Missing, Float64}, 1}, Nothing})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Nothing, Nothing, Nothing})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.contour), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Int})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.contour_levels), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertLegendValue), Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertLegendValue), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertToAnyVector), Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertToAnyVector), Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertToAnyVector), Array{Float64, 2}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertToAnyVector), Array{Function, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertToAnyVector), Array{Function, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertToAnyVector), Int64, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convert_sci_unicode), String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convert_sci_unicode), String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convert_to_polar), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Int64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.create_grid), Expr})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.create_grid), Expr})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.create_grid), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.create_grid_curly), Expr})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.create_grid_curly), Expr})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.create_grid_vcat), Expr})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.create_grid_vcat), Expr})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.default), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.default_should_widen), Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.default_should_widen), Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.discrete_value!), Plots.Axis, Array{Any, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.discrete_value!), Plots.Axis, Array{String, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.discrete_value!), Plots.Axis, Array{Union{Base.Missing, Float64}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.discrete_value!), Plots.Axis, Base.Missing})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.discrete_value!), Plots.Axis, Char})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.discrete_value!), Plots.Axis, String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ensure_gradient!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ensure_gradient!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ensure_gradient!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Array{Int64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Array{Int64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Base.OneTo{Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Base.OneTo{Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Base.UnitRange{Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Float64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Float64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Plots.Surface{Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Plots.Surface{Array{Float64, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.extendSeriesData), Array{Float64, 1}, Float64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.extractGroupArgs), Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.fakedata), Int64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.fakedata), Int64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.fg_color), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.fg_color), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.filter_data!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Int64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.filter_data), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Int64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.filter_data), Base.OneTo{Int64}, Array{Int64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.filter_data), Nothing, Array{Int64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.font), Int64, Int})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.font), String, Int})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.font), String, Int})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.font), Symbol, Int})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.frame), Plots.Animation, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.frame), Plots.Animation})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_axis), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_axis), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_clims), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_clims), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_clims), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_clims), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_clims), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_clims), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_fillalpha), Plots.Series, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_fillalpha), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_fillcolor), Plots.Series, Float64, Float64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_fillcolor), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_fillcolor), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linealpha), Plots.Series, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linealpha), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linecolor), Plots.Series, Float64, Float64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linecolor), Plots.Series, Float64, Float64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linecolor), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linecolor), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linecolor), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linestyle), Plots.Series, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linestyle), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linewidth), Plots.Series, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linewidth), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_markeralpha), Plots.Series, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_markercolor), Plots.Series, Float64, Float64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_markercolor), Plots.Series, Float64, Float64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_markerstrokealpha), Plots.Series, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_markerstrokecolor), Plots.Series, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_minor_ticks), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Any, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_minor_ticks), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{String, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_minor_ticks), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{String, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_series_color), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_series_color), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_series_color), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_series_color), Int64, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_series_color), PlotUtils.ColorGradient, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_series_color), PlotUtils.ColorGradient, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_series_color), Symbol, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_series_color), Symbol, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_series_color), Symbol, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_subplot), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_ticks), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_ticks), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_xy), Array{Plots.OHLC{T} where T<:Real, 1}, Base.OneTo{Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_xy), Plots.OHLC{Float64}, Int64, Float64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.getxy), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_axis_height), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_axis_width), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_color), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Type{ColorTypes.RGB{Float64}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_colorbar_colors), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_contour_levels), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_display), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_display), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_display), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_display), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_colorbar), Plots.GRColorbar, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_marker), Float64, Float64, Int64, Plots.Shape})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_marker), Float64, Float64, Int64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_marker), Int64, Float64, Float64, Plots.Shape})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_marker), Int64, Float64, Float64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_marker), Int64, Float64, Int64, Plots.Shape})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_marker), Int64, Float64, Int64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_marker), Int64, Int64, Int64, Plots.Shape})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_marker), Int64, Int64, Int64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Array{Int64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Array{Int64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Array{Int64, 1}, Array{Int64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Array{Int64, 1}, Array{Int64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Base.OneTo{Int64}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Base.OneTo{Int64}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Base.OneTo{Int64}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Float64, Float64, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_fill_viewport), Array{Float64, 1}, ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_get_color), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_get_color), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_get_ticks_size), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Any, 1}}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_get_ticks_size), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{String, 1}}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_get_ticks_size), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{String, 1}}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_inqtext), Int64, Int64, String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_inqtext), Int64, Int64, String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_legend_pos), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Float64, Float64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_polaraxes), Int64, Float64, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_polyline), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, typeof(identity)})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_polyline), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_fill), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_fillcolor), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_font), Plots.Font})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_font), Plots.Font})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_gradient), PlotUtils.ColorGradient})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_gradient), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_gradient), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_line), Float64, Symbol, ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_line), Int64, Symbol, ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_line), Int64, Symbol, PlotUtils.ColorGradient})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_linecolor), PlotUtils.ColorGradient})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_markercolor), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_textcolor), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_transparency), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Float64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_transparency), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Nothing})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_viewport_cmap), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_viewport_polar)})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_xticks_font), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_xticks_font), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_yticks_font), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_yticks_font), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_text), Float64, Float64, String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_text), Float64, Float64, String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_text_size), String, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_text_size), String, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_text_size), String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_update_colorbar!), Plots.GRColorbar, Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_update_colorbar!), Plots.GRColorbar, Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_viewport_from_bbox), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_viewport_from_bbox), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_w3tondc), Float64, Float64, Float64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gui), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.guidefont), Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.guidefont), Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Symbol, 2}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Symbol, 2}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Symbol, 2}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Shape, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.has_attribute_segments), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.has_attribute_segments), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.hascolorbar), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.hascolorbar), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.hasgrid), Symbol, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Array{Float64, 1}, Symbol, Array{Float64, 1}, Symbol, Tuple{Int64, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Array{Float64, 1}, Symbol, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Array{Float64, 1}, Symbol, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Array{Float64, 1}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Symbol, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Symbol, Tuple{Int64, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Symbol, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Symbol, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Symbol, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_extrema), Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_extrema), Array{Float64, 2}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_extrema), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_extrema), Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_extrema), Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_extrema), Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_maximum), Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_maximum), Base.OneTo{Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_minimum), Array{Int64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_minimum), Base.OneTo{Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.inline), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is3d), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is3d), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is3d), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_2tuple), Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_2tuple), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_2tuple), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_2tuple), Tuple{Int64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_2tuple), Tuple{Int64, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_attr_supported), Plots.GRBackend, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_attr_supported), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_marker_supported), Plots.GRBackend, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_marker_supported), Plots.Shape})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_marker_supported), Plots.Stroke})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_marker_supported), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_marker_supported), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_scale_supported), Plots.GRBackend, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_seriestype_supported), Plots.GRBackend, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_seriestype_supported), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_seriestype_supported), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_style_supported), Plots.GRBackend, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_uniformly_spaced), Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iscontour), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iscontour), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.isijulia)})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ispolar), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ispolar), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.isvertical), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.isvertical), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iter_segments), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iter_segments), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iter_segments), Array{Int64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iter_segments), Base.OneTo{Int64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iter_segments), Base.UnitRange{Int64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iter_segments), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iter_segments), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.labelfunc), Symbol, Plots.GRBackend})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Int64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Int64, Plots.GridLayout})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Int64, Tuple{Int64, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Plots.GridLayout})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.leftpad), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.legendfont), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.legendfont), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.legendtitlefont), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.legendtitlefont), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.like_histogram), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.like_surface), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_axes!), Array{RecipesBase.AbstractLayout, 1}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_axes!), Array{RecipesBase.AbstractLayout, 1}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_axes!), Plots.Axis, Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_axes!), Plots.Axis, Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_axes!), Plots.GridLayout, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_axes!), Plots.GridLayout, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_axes!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_subplots), Array{RecipesBase.AbstractLayout, 1}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.locate_annotation), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Float64, Plots.PlotText})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.make_fillrange_from_ribbon), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.make_fillrange_side), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.make_fillrange_side), Array{Float64, 1}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.make_steps), Array{Float64, 1}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.make_steps), Array{Int64, 1}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.make_steps), Base.OneTo{Int64}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.make_steps), Nothing, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.nanappend!), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.nobigs), Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ohlc), Array{Plots.OHLC{T} where T<:Real, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.optimal_ticks_and_labels), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.optimal_ticks_and_labels), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Base.UnitRange{Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.optimal_ticks_and_labels), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Nothing})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.optimal_ticks_and_labels), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Nothing})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.pie_labels), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.plotarea!), Plots.GridLayout, Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.plotarea!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.png), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Array{Float64, 2}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Array{Int32, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Array{Int64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Array{Union{Base.Missing, Int64}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Array{Union{Base.Missing, Number}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Array{Union{Base.Missing, Number}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Base.LinRange{Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepare_output), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepare_output), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.preprocessArgs!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.preprocessArgs!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processFillArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processFillArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Float64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processFillArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processFillArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processFillArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processFillArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processGridArg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Bool, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processGridArg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Float64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processGridArg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processGridArg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processLineArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Symbol, 2}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processLineArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Symbol, 2}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processLineArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Float64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processLineArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processLineArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processLineArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processLineArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Symbol, 2}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Symbol, 2}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Float64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Float64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Shape})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Stroke})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_annotation), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Float64, Plots.PlotText, Plots.Font})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_annotation), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Float64, Plots.PlotText})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_axis_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_axis_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, String, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_axis_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_axis_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_fillrange), Int64, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_fillrange), Nothing, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_ribbon), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_ribbon), Int64, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_ribbon), Nothing, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_ribbon), Tuple{Base.LinRange{Float64}, Base.LinRange{Float64}}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_ribbon), typeof(identity), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.recompute_lengths), Array{Measures.Measure, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.recompute_lengths), Array{Measures.Measure, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.replaceAlias!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Base.Dict{Symbol, Symbol}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.replaceAliases!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Symbol}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.reset_extrema!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.reset_extrema!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.right), Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.rightpad), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.rowsize), Expr})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.rowsize), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.series_annotations), Array{Any, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.series_annotations), Nothing})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.series_annotations), Plots.SeriesAnnotations})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.series_annotations_shapes!), Plots.Series, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.series_annotations_shapes!), Plots.Series, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.setxy!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.shape_data), Plots.Series, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.shape_data), Plots.Series, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.should_add_to_legend), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.should_add_to_legend), Plots.Series})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.showaxis), Symbol, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Array{Any, 1}, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Array{Any, 1}, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Bool, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Bool, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Float64, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Float64, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Int64, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Int64, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Nothing, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Nothing, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, String, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, String, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Int64, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Array{ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, 2}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Array{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, 2}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Array{String, 2}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Array{Symbol, 2}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Base.ReshapedArray{Int64, 2, Base.UnitRange{Int64}, Tuple{}}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Base.UnitRange{Int64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Bool, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Float64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Int64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Nothing, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), String, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Symbol, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Tuple{Int64, Float64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Array{Int64, 1}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Array{String, 1}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Array{Symbol, 2}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, ColorTypes.RGB{Float64}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Float64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Int64, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Plots.GridLayout, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, String, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Symbol, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.straightline_data), Plots.Series, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.straightline_data), Plots.Series, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.straightline_data), Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.stroke), Int64, Int})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.supported_markers), Plots.GRBackend})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.supported_markers)})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.supported_styles), Plots.GRBackend})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.supported_styles)})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.text), String, Int64, Symbol, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.text), String, Symbol, Int64, Int})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.text), String, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.tickfont), Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.tickfont), Plots.Axis})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.title!), String})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.titlefont), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.titlefont), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.toppad), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.tovec), Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.transpose_z), Plots.Series, Array{Float64, 2}, Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.trueOrAllTrue), typeof(Plots.is3d), Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.trueOrAllTrue), typeof(identity), Array{Symbol, 2}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.unzip), Array{Tuple{Float64, Float64, Float64}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.update_child_bboxes!), Plots.GridLayout, Array{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.update_child_bboxes!), Plots.GridLayout, Array{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.update_child_bboxes!), Plots.GridLayout})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.update_child_bboxes!), Plots.GridLayout})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.update_child_bboxes!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Array{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.update_inset_bboxes!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.update_inset_bboxes!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.vline!), Array{Int64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wand_edges), Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.warnOnUnsupported), Plots.GRBackend, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.warnOnUnsupported), Plots.GRBackend, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.warnOnUnsupported_args), Plots.GRBackend, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.warnOnUnsupported_args), Plots.GRBackend, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.warnOnUnsupported_scales), Plots.GRBackend, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.warnOnUnsupported_scales), Plots.GRBackend, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.widen), Float64, Float64, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wrap_surfaces), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Array{Any, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Array{Float64, 1}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Bool})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Float64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Nothing})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Plots.SeriesAnnotations})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Array{Symbol, 2}, Int64, Float64, Plots.Stroke}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Array{Symbol, 2}, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Float64, Array{Symbol, 2}, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Float64, Symbol}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Int64, Array{Symbol, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Int64, Float64, Symbol, Plots.Stroke}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Int64, Float64, Symbol}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Int64, Symbol, Float64, Array{Symbol, 2}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Int64, Symbol, Symbol}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Int64, Symbol}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Plots.Shape, Int64, ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{String, Symbol}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{String, Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Symbol}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Symbol, Float64, Plots.Stroke}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Symbol, Int64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Symbol, Symbol, Int64, Symbol, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Symbol, Symbol, Symbol, Int64, Float64}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.xgrid!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol, Int})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.xlims), Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.xlims), Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.xlims), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.yaxis!), String, Symbol})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ylims), Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ylims), Int64})
+    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ylims), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
 end
@@ -47,16 +47,47 @@ end
 num_series(x::AMat) = size(x,2)
 num_series(x) = 1

-RecipesBase.apply_recipe(plotattributes::KW, ::Type{T}, plt::AbstractPlot) where {T} = throw(MethodError("Unmatched plot recipe: $T"))
+RecipesBase.apply_recipe(plotattributes::KW, ::Type{T}, plt::AbstractPlot) where {T} = throw(MethodError(T, "Unmatched plot recipe: $T"))

 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


 # for seriestype `line`, need to sort by x values
+
+const POTENTIAL_VECTOR_ARGUMENTS = [
+    :seriescolor, :seriesalpha,
+    :linecolor, :linealpha, :linewidth, :linestyle, :line_z,
+    :fillcolor, :fillalpha, :fill_z,
+    :markercolor, :markeralpha, :markershape, :marker_z,
+    :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha,
+    :yerror, :yerror,
+    :series_annotations, :fillrange
+]
+
@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:line}}, x, y, z)
    indices = sortperm(x)
    x := x[indices]
    y := y[indices]
+
+    # sort vector arguments
+    for arg in POTENTIAL_VECTOR_ARGUMENTS
+        if typeof(plotattributes[arg]) <: AVec
+            plotattributes[arg] = _cycle(plotattributes[arg], indices)
+        end
+    end
+
+    # a tuple as fillrange has to be handled differently
+    if typeof(plotattributes[:fillrange]) <: Tuple
+        lower, upper = plotattributes[:fillrange]
+        if typeof(lower) <: AVec
+            lower = _cycle(lower, indices)
+        end
+        if typeof(upper) <: AVec
+            upper = _cycle(upper, indices)
+        end
+        plotattributes[:fillrange] = (lower, upper)
+    end
+
    if typeof(z) <: AVec
        z := z[indices]
    end
@@ -65,19 +96,6 @@ RecipesBase.apply_recipe(plotattributes::KW, ::Type{T}, plt::AbstractPlot) where
 end
@deps line path

-
-function hvline_limits(axis::Axis)
-    vmin, vmax = axis_limits(axis)
-    if vmin >= vmax
-        if isfinite(vmin)
-            vmax = vmin + 1
-        else
-            vmin, vmax = 0.0, 1.1
-        end
-    end
-    vmin, vmax
-end
-
@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:hline}}, x, y, z)
    n = length(y)
    newx = repeat(Float64[-1, 1, NaN], n)
@@ -221,12 +239,13 @@ end
@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:sticks}}, x, y, z)
    n = length(x)
    fr = plotattributes[:fillrange]
-    if fr == nothing
-        yaxis = plotattributes[:subplot][:yaxis]
+    if fr === nothing
+        sp = plotattributes[:subplot]
+        yaxis = sp[:yaxis]
        fr = if yaxis[:scale] == :identity
            0.0
        else
-            NaNMath.min(axis_limits(yaxis)[1], ignorenan_minimum(y))
+            NaNMath.min(axis_limits(sp, :y)[1], ignorenan_minimum(y))
        end
    end
    newx, newy = zeros(3n), zeros(3n)
@@ -272,13 +291,13 @@ end

 # create segmented bezier curves in place of line segments
@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:curves}}, x, y, z; npoints = 30)
-    args = z != nothing ? (x,y,z) : (x,y)
+    args = z !== nothing ? (x,y,z) : (x,y)
    newx, newy = zeros(0), zeros(0)
    fr = plotattributes[:fillrange]
-    newfr = fr != nothing ? zeros(0) : nothing
-    newz = z != nothing ? zeros(0) : nothing
+    newfr = fr !== nothing ? zeros(0) : nothing
+    newz = z !== nothing ? zeros(0) : nothing
    # lz = plotattributes[:line_z]
-    # newlz = lz != nothing ? zeros(0) : nothing
+    # newlz = lz !== nothing ? zeros(0) : nothing

    # for each line segment (point series with no NaNs), convert it into a bezier curve
    # where the points are the control points of the curve
@@ -287,13 +306,13 @@ end
        ts = range(0, stop = 1, length = npoints)
        nanappend!(newx, map(t -> bezier_value(_cycle(x,rng), t), ts))
        nanappend!(newy, map(t -> bezier_value(_cycle(y,rng), t), ts))
-        if z != nothing
+        if z !== nothing
            nanappend!(newz, map(t -> bezier_value(_cycle(z,rng), t), ts))
        end
-        if fr != nothing
+        if fr !== nothing
            nanappend!(newfr, map(t -> bezier_value(_cycle(fr,rng), t), ts))
        end
-        # if lz != nothing
+        # if lz !== nothing
        #     lzrng = _cycle(lz, rng) # the line_z's for this segment
        #     push!(newlz, 0.0)
        #     append!(newlz, map(t -> lzrng[1+floor(Int, t * (length(rng)-1))], ts))
@@ -302,16 +321,16 @@ end

    x := newx
    y := newy
-    if z == nothing
+    if z === nothing
        seriestype := :path
    else
        seriestype := :path3d
        z := newz
    end
-    if fr != nothing
+    if fr !== nothing
        fillrange := newfr
    end
-    # if lz != nothing
+    # if lz !== nothing
    #     # line_z := newlz
    #     linecolor := (isa(plotattributes[:linecolor], ColorGradient) ? plotattributes[:linecolor] : cgrad())
    # end
@@ -338,19 +357,19 @@ end

    # compute half-width of bars
    bw = plotattributes[:bar_width]
-    hw = if bw == nothing
+    hw = if bw === nothing
        if nx > 1
            0.5*_bar_width*ignorenan_minimum(filter(x->x>0, diff(procx)))
        else
            0.5 * _bar_width
        end
    else
-        Float64[0.5_cycle(bw,i) for i=1:length(procx)]
+        Float64[0.5_cycle(bw,i) for i=eachindex(procx)]
    end

    # make fillto a vector... default fills to 0
    fillto = plotattributes[:fillrange]
-    if fillto == nothing
+    if fillto === nothing
        fillto = 0
    end
    if (yscale in _logScales) && !all(_is_positive, fillto)
@@ -472,7 +491,7 @@ end

@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:barbins}}, x, y, z)
    edge, weights, xscale, yscale, baseline = _preprocess_binlike(plotattributes, x, y)
-    if (plotattributes[:bar_width] == nothing)
+    if (plotattributes[:bar_width] === nothing)
        bar_width := diff(edge)
    end
    x := _bin_centers(edge)
@@ -514,18 +533,20 @@ function _stepbins_path(edge, weights, baseline::Real, xscale::Symbol, yscale::S

    last_w = eltype(weights)(NaN)

-    while it_tuple_e != nothing && it_tuple_w != nothing
+    while it_tuple_e !== nothing && it_tuple_w !== nothing
        b, it_state_e = it_tuple_e
        w, it_state_w = it_tuple_w

        if (log_scale_x && a ≈ 0)
-            a = b/_logScaleBases[xscale]^3
+            a = oftype(a, b/_logScaleBases[xscale]^3)
        end

        if isnan(w)
            if !isnan(last_w)
                push!(x, a)
                push!(y, baseline)
+                push!(x, NaN)
+                push!(y, NaN)
            end
        else
            if isnan(last_w)
@@ -538,8 +559,8 @@ function _stepbins_path(edge, weights, baseline::Real, xscale::Symbol, yscale::S
            push!(y, w)
        end

-        a = b
-        last_w = w
+        a = oftype(a, b)
+        last_w = oftype(last_w, w)

        it_tuple_e = iterate(edge, it_state_e)
        it_tuple_w = iterate(weights, it_state_w)
@@ -586,12 +607,13 @@ end
 end
 Plots.@deps stepbins path

-wand_edges(x...) = (@warn("Load the StatPlots package in order to use :wand bins. Defaulting to :auto", once = true); :auto)
+wand_edges(x...) = (@warn("Load the StatsPlots package in order to use :wand bins. Defaulting to :auto", once = true); :auto)

 function _auto_binning_nbins(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}, dim::Integer; mode::Symbol = :auto) where N
-    _cl(x) = ceil(Int, NaNMath.max(x, one(x)))
+    max_bins = 10_000
+    _cl(x) = min(ceil(Int, max(x, one(x))), max_bins)
    _iqr(v) = (q = quantile(v, 0.75) - quantile(v, 0.25); q > 0 ? q : oftype(q, 1))
-    _span(v) = ignorenan_maximum(v) - ignorenan_minimum(v)
+    _span(v) = maximum(v) - minimum(v)

    n_samples = length(LinearIndices(first(vs)))

@@ -616,7 +638,7 @@ function _auto_binning_nbins(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}, dim::Integer; mode::S
    elseif mode == :fd  # Freedman–Diaconis rule
        _cl(_span(v) / (2 * _iqr(v) / nd))
    elseif mode == :wand
-        wand_edges(v)  # this makes this function not type stable, but the type instability does not propagate
+        _cl(wand_edges(v))  # this makes this function not type stable, but the type instability does not propagate
    else
        error("Unknown auto-binning mode $mode")
    end
@@ -635,11 +657,19 @@ _hist_edges(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}, binning::Union{Integer, Symbol, Abstra
 _hist_norm_mode(mode::Symbol) = mode
 _hist_norm_mode(mode::Bool) = mode ? :pdf : :none

+_filternans(vs::NTuple{1,AbstractVector}) = filter!.(isfinite, vs)
+function _filternans(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}) where N
+    _invertedindex(v, not) = [j for (i,j) in enumerate(v) if !(i ∈ not)]
+    nots = union(Set.(findall.(!isfinite, vs))...)
+    _invertedindex.(vs, Ref(nots))
+end
+
 function _make_hist(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}, binning; normed = false, weights = nothing) where N
-    edges = _hist_edges(vs, binning)
-    h = float( weights == nothing ?
-        StatsBase.fit(StatsBase.Histogram, vs, edges, closed = :left) :
-        StatsBase.fit(StatsBase.Histogram, vs, StatsBase.Weights(weights), edges, closed = :left)
+    localvs = _filternans(vs)
+    edges = _hist_edges(localvs, binning)
+    h = float( weights === nothing ?
+        StatsBase.fit(StatsBase.Histogram, localvs, edges, closed = :left) :
+        StatsBase.fit(StatsBase.Histogram, localvs, StatsBase.Weights(weights), edges, closed = :left)
    )
    normalize!(h, mode = _hist_norm_mode(normed))
 end
@@ -716,12 +746,14 @@ end
    edge_x, edge_y, weights = x, y, z.surf

    float_weights = float(weights)
-    if float_weights === weights
-        float_weights = deepcopy(float_weights)
-    end
-    for (i, c) in enumerate(float_weights)
-        if c == 0
-            float_weights[i] = NaN
+    if !plotattributes[:show_empty_bins]
+        if float_weights === weights
+            float_weights = deepcopy(float_weights)
+        end
+        for (i, c) in enumerate(float_weights)
+            if c == 0
+                float_weights[i] = NaN
+            end
        end
    end

@@ -966,7 +998,7 @@ function get_xy(o::OHLC, x, xdiff)
 end

 # get the joined vector
-function get_xy(v::AVec{OHLC}, x = 1:length(v))
+function get_xy(v::AVec{OHLC}, x = eachindex(v))
    xdiff = 0.3ignorenan_mean(abs.(diff(x)))
    x_out, y_out = zeros(0), zeros(0)
    for (i,ohlc) in enumerate(v)
@@ -1024,8 +1056,8 @@ end
    @assert length(g.args) == 1 && typeof(g.args[1]) <: AbstractMatrix
    seriestype := :spy
    mat = g.args[1]
-    n,m = size(mat)
-    Plots.SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(mat)
+    n,m = axes(mat)
+    Plots.SliceIt, m, n, Surface(mat)
 end

@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:spy}}, x,y,z)
@@ -1053,7 +1085,7 @@ end

 # -------------------------------------------------

-"Adds a+bx... straight line over the current plot, without changing the axis limits"
+"Adds ax+b... straight line over the current plot, without changing the axis limits"
 abline!(plt::Plot, a, b; kw...) = plot!(plt, [0, 1], [b, b+a]; seriestype = :straightline, kw...)

 abline!(args...; kw...) = abline!(current(), args...; kw...)
@@ -1069,6 +1101,12 @@ timeformatter(t) = string(Dates.Time(Dates.Nanosecond(t)))
@recipe f(::Type{Date}, dt::Date) = (dt -> Dates.value(dt), dateformatter)
@recipe f(::Type{DateTime}, dt::DateTime) = (dt -> Dates.value(dt), datetimeformatter)
@recipe f(::Type{Dates.Time}, t::Dates.Time) = (t -> Dates.value(t), timeformatter)
+@recipe f(::Type{P}, t::P) where P <: Dates.Period = (t -> Dates.value(t), t -> string(P(t)))
+
+# -------------------------------------------------
+# Characters
+
+@recipe f(::Type{<:AbstractChar}, ::AbstractChar) = (string, string)

 # -------------------------------------------------
 # Complex Numbers
@@ -1147,9 +1185,33 @@ end
    seriestype := :shape

 	# create a filled polygon for each item
-    for c=1:size(weights,2)
+    for c=axes(weights,2)
        sx = vcat(weights[:,c], c==1 ? zeros(n) : reverse(weights[:,c-1]))
        sy = vcat(returns, reverse(returns))
        @series Plots.isvertical(plotattributes) ? (sx, sy) : (sy, sx)
    end
 end
+
+"""
+    areaplot([x,] y)
+    areaplot!([x,] y)
+
+Draw a stacked area plot of the matrix y.
+# Examples
+```julia-repl
+julia> areaplot(1:3, [1 2 3; 7 8 9; 4 5 6], seriescolor = [:red :green :blue], fillalpha = [0.2 0.3 0.4])
+```
+"""
+@userplot AreaPlot
+
+@recipe function f(a::AreaPlot)
+    data = cumsum(a.args[end], dims=2)
+    x = length(a.args) == 1 ? (axes(data, 1)) : a.args[1]
+    seriestype := :line
+    for i in axes(data, 2)
+        @series begin
+            fillrange := i > 1 ? data[:,i-1] : 0
+            x, data[:,i]
+        end
+    end
+end
@@ -7,85 +7,76 @@
 # note: returns meta information... mainly for use with automatic labeling from DataFrames for now

 const FuncOrFuncs{F} = Union{F, Vector{F}, Matrix{F}}
+const MaybeNumber = Union{Number, Missing}
+const MaybeString = Union{AbstractString, Missing}
+const DataPoint = Union{MaybeNumber, MaybeString}

-all3D(plotattributes::KW) = trueOrAllTrue(st -> st in (:contour, :contourf, :heatmap, :surface, :wireframe, :contour3d, :image, :plots_heatmap), get(plotattributes, :seriestype, :none))
+prepareSeriesData(x) = error("Cannot convert $(typeof(x)) to series data for plotting")
+prepareSeriesData(::Nothing) = nothing
+prepareSeriesData(f::Function) = f
+prepareSeriesData(a::AbstractArray{<:MaybeNumber}) = replace!(
+                                    x -> ismissing(x) || isinf(x) ? NaN : x,
+                                    map(float,a))
+prepareSeriesData(a::AbstractArray{<:MaybeString}) = replace(x -> ismissing(x) ? "" : x, a)
+prepareSeriesData(s::Surface{<:AMat{<:MaybeNumber}}) = Surface(prepareSeriesData(s.surf))
+prepareSeriesData(s::Surface) = s  # non-numeric Surface, such as an image
+prepareSeriesData(v::Volume) = Volume(prepareSeriesData(v.v), v.x_extents, v.y_extents, v.z_extents)

-# unknown
-convertToAnyVector(x, plotattributes::KW) = error("No user recipe defined for $(typeof(x))")
-
-# missing
-convertToAnyVector(v::Nothing, plotattributes::KW) = Any[nothing], nothing
+# default: assume x represents a single series
+convertToAnyVector(x, plotattributes) = Any[prepareSeriesData(x)]

 # fixed number of blank series
-convertToAnyVector(n::Integer, plotattributes::KW) = Any[zeros(0) for i in 1:n], nothing
+convertToAnyVector(n::Integer, plotattributes) = Any[zeros(0) for i in 1:n]

-# numeric vector
-convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{T}, plotattributes::KW) where {T<:Number} = Any[v], nothing
-convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{Union{Missing, T}}, plotattributes::KW) where {T<:Number} = Any[replace(v, missing => NaN)], nothing
-
-# string vector
-convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{T}, plotattributes::KW) where {T<:AbstractString} = Any[v], nothing
-convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{Union{Missing, T}}, plotattributes::KW) where {T<:AbstractString} = Any[replace(v, missing => "")], nothing
-
-function convertToAnyVector(v::AMat, plotattributes::KW)
-    v = handlemissings(v)
-    if all3D(plotattributes)
-        Any[Surface(v)]
-    else
-        Any[v[:,i] for i in 1:size(v,2)]
-    end, nothing
-end
-
-handlemissings(v::AMat) = v
-handlemissings(v::AMat{T}) where T <: Number = replace(v, missing => NaN)
-handlemissings(v::AMat{T}) where T <: String = replace(v, missing => "")
-
-# function
-convertToAnyVector(f::Function, plotattributes::KW) = Any[f], nothing
-
-# surface
-convertToAnyVector(s::Surface, plotattributes::KW) = Any[s], nothing
-
-# volume
-convertToAnyVector(v::Volume, plotattributes::KW) = Any[v], nothing
-
-# # vector of OHLC
-# convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{OHLC}, plotattributes::KW) = Any[v], nothing
-
-# # dates
-convertToAnyVector(dts::AVec{D}, plotattributes::KW) where {D<:Union{Date,DateTime}} = Any[dts], nothing
+# vector of data points is a single series
+convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{<:DataPoint}, plotattributes) = Any[prepareSeriesData(v)]

 # list of things (maybe other vectors, functions, or something else)
-function convertToAnyVector(v::AVec, plotattributes::KW)
-    if all(x -> typeof(x) <: Number, v)
-        # all real numbers wrap the whole vector as one item
-        Any[convert(Vector{Float64}, v)], nothing
+function convertToAnyVector(v::AVec, plotattributes)
+    if all(x -> x isa MaybeNumber, v)
+        convertToAnyVector(Vector{MaybeNumber}(v), plotattributes)
+    elseif all(x -> x isa MaybeString, v)
+        convertToAnyVector(Vector{MaybeString}(v), plotattributes)
    else
-        # something else... treat each element as an item
-        vcat(Any[convertToAnyVector(vi, plotattributes)[1] for vi in v]...), nothing
-        # Any[vi for vi in v], nothing
+        vcat((convertToAnyVector(vi, plotattributes) for vi in v)...)
    end
 end

-convertToAnyVector(t::Tuple, plotattributes::KW) = Any[t], nothing
-
-
-function convertToAnyVector(args...)
-    error("In convertToAnyVector, could not handle the argument types: $(map(typeof, args[1:end-1]))")
+# Matrix is split into columns
+function convertToAnyVector(v::AMat{<:DataPoint}, plotattributes)
+    if all3D(plotattributes)
+        Any[prepareSeriesData(Surface(v))]
+    else
+        Any[prepareSeriesData(v[:, i]) for i in axes(v, 2)]
+    end
 end

+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Fillranges & ribbons
+
+
+process_fillrange(range::Number, plotattributes) = [range]
+process_fillrange(range, plotattributes) = convertToAnyVector(range, plotattributes)
+
+process_ribbon(ribbon::Number, plotattributes) = [ribbon]
+process_ribbon(ribbon, plotattributes) = convertToAnyVector(ribbon, plotattributes)
+# ribbon as a tuple: (lower_ribbons, upper_ribbons)
+process_ribbon(ribbon::Tuple{Any,Any}, plotattributes) = collect(zip(convertToAnyVector(ribbon[1], plotattributes),
+                                                     convertToAnyVector(ribbon[2], plotattributes)))
+
+
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------

 # TODO: can we avoid the copy here?  one error that crops up is that mapping functions over the same array
 #       result in that array being shared.  push!, etc will add too many items to that array

-compute_x(x::Nothing, y::Nothing, z)      = 1:size(z,1)
-compute_x(x::Nothing, y, z)            = 1:size(y,1)
+compute_x(x::Nothing, y::Nothing, z)      = axes(z,1)
+compute_x(x::Nothing, y, z)            = axes(y,1)
 compute_x(x::Function, y, z)        = map(x, y)
 compute_x(x, y, z)                  = copy(x)

 # compute_y(x::Void, y::Function, z)  = error()
-compute_y(x::Nothing, y::Nothing, z)      = 1:size(z,2)
+compute_y(x::Nothing, y::Nothing, z)      = axes(z,2)
 compute_y(x, y::Function, z)        = map(y, x)
 compute_y(x, y, z)                  = copy(y)

@@ -135,24 +126,17 @@ struct SliceIt end
        z = z.data
    end

-    xs, _ = convertToAnyVector(x, plotattributes)
-    ys, _ = convertToAnyVector(y, plotattributes)
-    zs, _ = convertToAnyVector(z, plotattributes)
+    xs = convertToAnyVector(x, plotattributes)
+    ys = convertToAnyVector(y, plotattributes)
+    zs = convertToAnyVector(z, plotattributes)
+

    fr = pop!(plotattributes, :fillrange, nothing)
-    fillranges, _ = if typeof(fr) <: Number
-        ([fr],nothing)
-    else
-        convertToAnyVector(fr, plotattributes)
-    end
+    fillranges = process_fillrange(fr, plotattributes)
    mf = length(fillranges)

    rib = pop!(plotattributes, :ribbon, nothing)
-    ribbons, _ = if typeof(rib) <: Number
-        ([fr],nothing)
-    else
-        convertToAnyVector(rib, plotattributes)
-    end
+    ribbons = process_ribbon(rib, plotattributes)
    mr = length(ribbons)

    # @show zs
@@ -193,8 +177,9 @@ _apply_type_recipe(plotattributes, v) = RecipesBase.apply_recipe(plotattributes,
 # This sort of recipe should return a pair of functions... one to convert to number,
 # and one to format tick values.
 function _apply_type_recipe(plotattributes, v::AbstractArray)
-    isempty(v) && return Float64[]
-    args = RecipesBase.apply_recipe(plotattributes, typeof(v[1]), v[1])[1].args
+    isempty(skipmissing(v)) && return Float64[]
+    x = first(skipmissing(v))
+    args = RecipesBase.apply_recipe(plotattributes, typeof(x), x)[1].args
    if length(args) == 2 && typeof(args[1]) <: Function && typeof(args[2]) <: Function
        numfunc, formatter = args
        Formatted(map(numfunc, v), formatter)
@@ -292,12 +277,14 @@ end

@recipe f(n::Integer) = is3d(get(plotattributes,:seriestype,:path)) ? (SliceIt, n, n, n) : (SliceIt, n, n, nothing)

+all3D(plotattributes::KW) = trueOrAllTrue(st -> st in (:contour, :contourf, :heatmap, :surface, :wireframe, :contour3d, :image, :plots_heatmap), get(plotattributes, :seriestype, :none))
+
 # return a surface if this is a 3d plot, otherwise let it be sliced up
-@recipe function f(mat::AMat{T}) where T<:Union{Integer,AbstractFloat}
+@recipe function f(mat::AMat{T}) where T<:Union{Integer,AbstractFloat,Missing}
    if all3D(plotattributes)
-        n,m = size(mat)
+        n,m = axes(mat)
        wrap_surfaces(plotattributes)
-        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(mat)
+        SliceIt, m, n, Surface(mat)
    else
        SliceIt, nothing, mat, nothing
    end
@@ -307,53 +294,60 @@ end
@recipe function f(fmt::Formatted{T}) where T<:AbstractMatrix
    if all3D(plotattributes)
        mat = fmt.data
-        n,m = size(mat)
+        n,m = axes(mat)
        wrap_surfaces(plotattributes)
-        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Formatted(Surface(mat), fmt.formatter)
+        SliceIt, m, n, Formatted(Surface(mat), fmt.formatter)
    else
        SliceIt, nothing, fmt, nothing
    end
 end

 # assume this is a Volume, so construct one
-@recipe function f(vol::AbstractArray{T,3}, args...) where T<:Number
+@recipe function f(vol::AbstractArray{T,3}, args...) where T<:Union{Number,Missing}
    seriestype := :volume
    SliceIt, nothing, Volume(vol, args...), nothing
 end


 # # images - grays
+function clamp_greys!(mat::AMat{T}) where T<:Gray
+    for i in eachindex(mat)
+        mat[i].val < 0 && (mat[i] = Gray(0))
+        mat[i].val > 1 && (mat[i] = Gray(1))
+    end
+    mat
+end

@recipe function f(mat::AMat{T}) where T<:Gray
-    n, m = size(mat)
+    n, m = axes(mat)
    if is_seriestype_supported(:image)
        seriestype := :image
        yflip --> true
-        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(mat)
+        SliceIt, m, n, Surface(clamp_greys!(mat))
    else
        seriestype := :heatmap
        yflip --> true
        cbar --> false
        fillcolor --> ColorGradient([:black, :white])
-        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(convert(Matrix{Float64}, mat))
+        SliceIt, m, n, Surface(clamp!(convert(Matrix{Float64}, mat), 0., 1.))
    end
 end

 # # images - colors

@recipe function f(mat::AMat{T}) where T<:Colorant
-	n, m = size(mat)
+	n, m = axes(mat)

    if is_seriestype_supported(:image)
        seriestype := :image
        yflip --> true
-        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(mat)
+        SliceIt, m, n, Surface(mat)
    else
        seriestype := :heatmap
        yflip --> true
        cbar --> false
        z, plotattributes[:fillcolor] = replace_image_with_heatmap(mat)
-        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(z)
+        SliceIt, m, n, Surface(z)
    end
 end

@@ -372,23 +366,29 @@ end

@recipe function f(shapes::AMat{Shape})
    seriestype --> :shape
-    for j in 1:size(shapes,2)
+    for j in axes(shapes,2)
        @series coords(vec(shapes[:,j]))
    end
 end

+# Dicts: each entry is a data point (x,y)=(key,value)

+@recipe f(d::AbstractDict) = collect(keys(d)), collect(values(d))

 # function without range... use the current range of the x-axis

@recipe function f(f::FuncOrFuncs{F}) where F<:Function
    plt = plotattributes[:plot_object]
-    xmin, xmax = try
-        axis_limits(plt[1][:xaxis])
-    catch
-        xinv = invscalefunc(get(plotattributes, :xscale, :identity))
-        xm = tryrange(f, xinv.([-5,-1,0,0.01]))
-        xm, tryrange(f, filter(x->x>xm, xinv.([5,1,0.99, 0, -0.01])))
+    xmin, xmax = if haskey(plotattributes, :xlims)
+        plotattributes[:xlims]
+    else
+        try
+            axis_limits(plt[1], :x)
+        catch
+            xinv = invscalefunc(get(plotattributes, :xscale, :identity))
+            xm = tryrange(f, xinv.([-5,-1,0,0.01]))
+            xm, tryrange(f, filter(x->x>xm, xinv.([5,1,0.99, 0, -0.01])))
+        end
    end

    f, xmin, xmax
@@ -519,20 +519,25 @@ end
 # # special handling... xmin/xmax with parametric function(s)
@recipe function f(f::Function, xmin::Number, xmax::Number)
    xscale, yscale = [get(plotattributes, sym, :identity) for sym=(:xscale,:yscale)]
-    xs = _scaled_adapted_grid(f, xscale, yscale, xmin, xmax)
-    xs, f
+    _scaled_adapted_grid(f, xscale, yscale, xmin, xmax)
 end
@recipe function f(fs::AbstractArray{F}, xmin::Number, xmax::Number) where F<:Function
    xscale, yscale = [get(plotattributes, sym, :identity) for sym=(:xscale,:yscale)]
-    xs = Any[_scaled_adapted_grid(f, xscale, yscale, xmin, xmax) for f in fs]
-    xs, fs
+    xs = Array{Any}(undef, length(fs))
+    ys = Array{Any}(undef, length(fs))
+    for (i, (x, y)) in enumerate(_scaled_adapted_grid(f, xscale, yscale, xmin, xmax) for f in fs)
+        xs[i] = x
+    	ys[i] = y
+    end
+    xs, ys
 end
@recipe f(fx::FuncOrFuncs{F}, fy::FuncOrFuncs{G}, u::AVec) where {F<:Function,G<:Function}  = mapFuncOrFuncs(fx, u), mapFuncOrFuncs(fy, u)
@recipe f(fx::FuncOrFuncs{F}, fy::FuncOrFuncs{G}, umin::Number, umax::Number, n = 200) where {F<:Function,G<:Function} = fx, fy, range(umin, stop = umax, length = n)

 function _scaled_adapted_grid(f, xscale, yscale, xmin, xmax)
    (xf, xinv), (yf, yinv) =  ((scalefunc(s),invscalefunc(s)) for s in (xscale,yscale))
-    xinv.(adapted_grid(yf∘f∘xinv, xf.((xmin, xmax))))
+    xs, ys = adapted_grid(yf∘f∘xinv, xf.((xmin, xmax)))
+    xinv.(xs), yinv.(ys)
 end

 #
@@ -547,36 +552,17 @@ end
 #
 #
 # # --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# # Lists of tuples and StaticArrays
+# # Lists of tuples and GeometryTypes.Points
 # # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
-# # if we get an unhandled tuple, just splat it in
-@recipe f(tup::Tuple) = tup

-#
-# # (x,y) tuples
-@recipe f(xy::AVec{Tuple{R1,R2}}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number} = unzip(xy)
-@recipe f(xy::Tuple{R1,R2}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number}       = [xy[1]], [xy[2]]
+@recipe f(v::AVec{<:Tuple})               = unzip(v)
+@recipe f(v::AVec{<:GeometryTypes.Point}) = unzip(v)
+@recipe f(tup::Tuple)             = [tup]
+@recipe f(p::GeometryTypes.Point) = [p]

-#
-# # (x,y,z) tuples
-@recipe f(xyz::AVec{Tuple{R1,R2,R3}}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number,R3<:Number} = unzip(xyz)
-@recipe f(xyz::Tuple{R1,R2,R3}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number,R3<:Number}       = [xyz[1]], [xyz[2]], [xyz[3]]
-
-# these might be points+velocity, or OHLC or something else
-@recipe f(xyuv::AVec{Tuple{R1,R2,R3,R4}}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number,R3<:Number,R4<:Number} = get(plotattributes,:seriestype,:path)==:ohlc ? OHLC[OHLC(t...) for t in xyuv] : unzip(xyuv)
-@recipe f(xyuv::Tuple{R1,R2,R3,R4}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number,R3<:Number,R4<:Number}       = [xyuv[1]], [xyuv[2]], [xyuv[3]], [xyuv[4]]
-
-
-#
-# # 2D StaticArrays
-@recipe f(xy::AVec{StaticArrays.SVector{2,T}}) where {T<:Number} = unzip(xy)
-@recipe f(xy::StaticArrays.SVector{2,T}) where {T<:Number}       = [xy[1]], [xy[2]]
-
-#
-# # 3D StaticArrays
-@recipe f(xyz::AVec{StaticArrays.SVector{3,T}}) where {T<:Number} = unzip(xyz)
-@recipe f(xyz::StaticArrays.SVector{3,T}) where {T<:Number}       = [xyz[1]], [xyz[2]], [xyz[3]]
+# Special case for 4-tuples in :ohlc series
+@recipe f(xyuv::AVec{<:Tuple{R1,R2,R3,R4}}) where {R1,R2,R3,R4} = get(plotattributes,:seriestype,:path)==:ohlc ? OHLC[OHLC(t...) for t in xyuv] : unzip(xyuv)

 #
 # # --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -597,7 +583,7 @@ end
 # end

 splittable_kw(key, val, lengthGroup) = false
-splittable_kw(key, val::AbstractArray, lengthGroup) = (key != :group) && size(val,1) == lengthGroup
+splittable_kw(key, val::AbstractArray, lengthGroup) = !(key in (:group, :color_palette)) && length(axes(val,1)) == lengthGroup
 splittable_kw(key, val::Tuple, lengthGroup) = all(splittable_kw.(key, val, lengthGroup))
 splittable_kw(key, val::SeriesAnnotations, lengthGroup) = splittable_kw(key, val.strs, lengthGroup)

@@ -611,7 +597,7 @@ end
 function groupedvec2mat(x_ind, x, y::AbstractArray, groupby, def_val = y[1])
    y_mat = Array{promote_type(eltype(y), typeof(def_val))}(undef, length(keys(x_ind)), length(groupby.groupLabels))
    fill!(y_mat, def_val)
-    for i in 1:length(groupby.groupLabels)
+    for i in eachindex(groupby.groupLabels)
        xi = x[groupby.groupIds[i]]
        yi = y[groupby.groupIds[i]]
        y_mat[getindex.(Ref(x_ind), xi), i] = yi
@@ -644,7 +630,7 @@ group_as_matrix(t) = false
        if length(g.args) == 1
            x = zeros(Int, lengthGroup)
            for indexes in groupby.groupIds
-                x[indexes] = 1:length(indexes)
+                x[indexes] = eachindex(indexes)
            end
            last_args = g.args
        else
@@ -652,7 +638,7 @@ group_as_matrix(t) = false
            last_args = g.args[2:end]
        end
        x_u = unique(sort(x))
-        x_ind = Dict(zip(x_u, 1:length(x_u)))
+        x_ind = Dict(zip(x_u, eachindex(x_u)))
        for (key,val) in plotattributes
            if splittable_kw(key, val, lengthGroup)
                :($key) := groupedvec2mat(x_ind, x, val, groupby)
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+"""
+    scatter(x,y)
+    scatter!(x,y)
+
+Make a scatter plot of y vs x.
+
+# Examples
+```julia-repl
+julia> scatter([1,2,3],[4,5,6],markersize=[3,4,5],markercolor=[:red,:green,:blue])
+julia> scatter([(1,4),(2,5),(3,6)])
+```
+"""
+@shorthands scatter
+
+"""
+    bar(x,y)
+    bar!(x,y)
+
+Make a bar plot of y vs x.
+
+# Arguments
+
+- $(_document_argument("bar_position"))
+- $(_document_argument("bar_width"))
+- $(_document_argument("bar_edges"))
+- $(_document_argument("orientation"))
+
+# Examples
+```julia-repl
+julia> bar([1,2,3],[4,5,6],fillcolor=[:red,:green,:blue],fillalpha=[0.2,0.4,0.6])
+julia> bar([(1,4),(2,5),(3,6)])
+```
+"""
+@shorthands bar
+
+@shorthands barh
+
+"""
+    histogram(x)
+    histogram!(x)
+
+Plot a histogram.
+
+# Arguments
+
+- `x`: AbstractVector of values to be binned
+- $(_document_argument("bins"))
+- `weights`: Vector of weights for the values in `x`, for weighted bin counts
+- $(_document_argument("normalize"))
+- $(_document_argument("bar_position"))
+- $(_document_argument("bar_width"))
+- $(_document_argument("bar_edges"))
+- $(_document_argument("orientation"))
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> histogram([1,2,1,1,4,3,8],bins=0:8)
+```
+"""
+@shorthands histogram
+
+"""
+    barhist(x)
+    barhist!(x)
+
+Make a histogram bar plot. See `histogram`.
+"""
+@shorthands barhist
+
+"""
+    stephist(x)
+    stephist(x)
+
+Make a histogram step plot (bin counts are represented using horizontal lines
+instead of bars). See `histogram`.
+"""
+@shorthands stephist
+
+"""
+    scatterhist(x)
+    scatterhist!(x)
+
+Make a histogram scatter plot (bin counts are represented using points
+instead of bars). See `histogram`.
+"""
+@shorthands scatterhist
+
+"""
+    histogram2d(x,y)
+    histogram2d!(x,y)
+
+Plot a two-dimensional histogram.
+
+# Arguments
+
+- `bins`: Number of bins (if an `Integer`) or bin edges (if an `AbtractVector`)
+- `weights`: Vector of weights for the values in `x`. Each entry of x contributes
+             its weight to the height of its bin.
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> histogram2d(randn(10_000),randn(10_000))
+```
+"""
+@shorthands histogram2d
+
+"""
+    density(x)
+    density!(x)
+
+Make a line plot of a kernel density estimate of x.
+
+# Arguments
+
+- `x`: AbstractVector of samples for probability density estimation
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> using StatsPlots
+julia> density(randn(100_000))
+```
+"""
+@shorthands density
+
+"""
+    heatmap(x,y,z)
+    heatmap!(x,y,z)
+
+Plot a heatmap of the rectangular array `z`.
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> heatmap(randn(10,10))
+```
+"""
+@shorthands heatmap
+@shorthands plots_heatmap
+
+"""
+    hexbin(x,y)
+    hexbin!(x,y)
+
+Make a hexagonal binning plot (a histogram of the observations `(x[i],y[i])`
+with hexagonal bins)
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> hexbin(randn(10_000), randn(10_000))
+```
+"""
+@shorthands hexbin
+
+"""
+    sticks(x,y)
+    sticks!(x,y)
+
+Draw a stick plot of y vs x.
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> sticks(1:10)
+```
+"""
+@shorthands sticks
+
+"""
+    hline(y)
+    hline!(y)
+
+Draw horizontal lines at positions specified by the values in
+the AbstractVector `y`
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> hline([-1,0,2])
+```
+"""
+@shorthands hline
+
+"""
+    vline(x)
+    vline!(x)
+
+Draw vertical lines at positions specified by the values in
+the AbstractVector `x`
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> vline([-1,0,2])
+```
+"""
+@shorthands vline
+
+"""
+    hspan(y)
+
+Draw a rectangle between the horizontal line at position `y[1]`
+and the horizontal line at position `y[2]`. If `length(y) ≥ 4`,
+then further rectangles are drawn between `y[3]` and `y[4]`,
+`y[5]` and `y[6]`, and so on. If `length(y)` is odd, then the
+last entry of `y` is ignored.
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> hspan(1:6)
+```
+"""
+@shorthands hspan
+
+"""
+    vspan(x)
+
+Draw a rectangle between the vertical line at position `x[1]`
+and the vertical line at position `x[2]`. If `length(x) ≥ 4`,
+then further rectangles are drawn between `x[3]` and `x[4]`,
+`x[5]` and `x[6]`, and so on. If `length(x)` is odd, then the
+last entry of `x` is ignored.
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> vspan(1:6)
+```
+"""
+@shorthands vspan
+
+"""
+    ohlc(x,y::Vector{OHLC})
+    ohlc!(x,y::Vector{OHLC})
+
+Make open-high-low-close plot. Each entry of y is represented by a vertical
+segment extending from the low value to the high value, with short horizontal
+segments on the left and right indicating the open and close values, respectively.
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> meanprices = cumsum(randn(100))
+julia> y = OHLC[(p+rand(),p+1,p-1,p+rand()) for p in meanprices]
+julia> ohlc(y)
+```
+"""
+@shorthands ohlc
+
+
+"""
+    contour(x,y,z)
+    contour!(x,y,z)
+
+Draw contour lines of the `Surface` z.
+
+# Arguments
+- `levels`: Contour levels (if `AbstractVector`) or number of levels (if `Integer`)
+- `fill`: Bool. Fill area between contours or draw contours only (false by default)
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> x = y = range(-20, 20, length = 100)
+julia> contour(x, y, (x, y) -> x^2 + y^2)
+```
+"""
+@shorthands contour
+
+"An alias for `contour` with fill = true."
+@shorthands contourf
+
+
+@shorthands contour3d
+
+"""
+    surface(x,y,z)
+    surface!(x,y,z)
+
+Draw a 3D surface plot.
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> x = y = range(-3, 3, length = 100)
+julia> surface(x, y, (x, y) -> sinc(norm([x, y])))
+```
+"""
+@shorthands surface
+
+"""
+    wireframe(x,y,z)
+    wireframe!(x,y,z)
+
+Draw a 3D wireframe plot.
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> wireframe(1:10,1:10,randn(10,10))
+```
+"""
+@shorthands wireframe
+
+"""
+    path3d(x,y,z)
+    path3d!(x,y,z)
+
+Plot a 3D path from `(x[1],y[1],z[1])` to `(x[2],y[2],z[2])`,
+..., to `(x[end],y[end],z[end])`.
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> path3d([0,1,2,3],[0,1,4,9],[0,1,8,27])
+```
+"""
+@shorthands path3d
+
+"""
+    scatter3d(x,y,z)
+    scatter3d!(x,y,z)
+
+Make a 3D scatter plot.
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> scatter3d([0,1,2,3],[0,1,4,9],[0,1,8,27])
+```
+"""
+@shorthands scatter3d
+
+"""
+    boxplot(x, y)
+    boxplot!(x, y)
+
+Make a box and whisker plot.
+
+# Keyword arguments
+- `notch`: Bool. Notch the box plot? (false)
+- `range`: Real. Values more than range*IQR below the first quartile
+           or above the third quartile are shown as outliers (1.5)
+- `outliers`: Bool. Show outliers? (true)
+- `whisker_width`: Real or Symbol. Length of whiskers (:match)
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> using StatsPlots
+julia> boxplot(repeat([1,2,3],outer=100),randn(300))
+```
+"""
+@shorthands boxplot
+
+"""
+    violin(x,y,z)
+    violin!(x,y,z)
+
+Make a violin plot.
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> violin(repeat([1,2,3],outer=100),randn(300))
+```
+"""
+@shorthands violin
+
+"""
+    quiver(x,y,quiver=(u,v))
+    quiver!(x,y,quiver=(u,v))
+
+Make a quiver (vector field) plot. The `i`th vector extends
+from `(x[i],y[i])` to `(x[i] + u[i], y[i] + v[i])`.
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> quiver([1,2,3],[3,2,1],quiver=([1,1,1],[1,2,3]))
+```
+"""
+@shorthands quiver
+
+"""
+    curves(x,y)
+    curves!(x,y)
+
+Draw a Bezier curve from `(x[1],y[1])` to `(x[end],y[end])`
+with control points `(x[2],y[2]), ..., (x[end-1],y[end]-1)`
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> curves([1,2,3,4],[1,1,2,4])
+```
+"""
+@shorthands curves
+
+"Plot a pie diagram"
+pie(args...; kw...)        = plot(args...; kw...,  seriestype = :pie, aspect_ratio = :equal, grid=false, xticks=nothing, yticks=nothing)
+pie!(args...; kw...)       = plot!(args...; kw..., seriestype = :pie, aspect_ratio = :equal, grid=false, xticks=nothing, yticks=nothing)
+
+"Plot with seriestype :path3d"
+plot3d(args...; kw...)     = plot(args...; kw...,  seriestype = :path3d)
+plot3d!(args...; kw...)    = plot!(args...; kw..., seriestype = :path3d)
+
+"Add title to an existing plot"
+title!(s::AbstractString; kw...)                 = plot!(; title = s, kw...)
+
+"Add xlabel to an existing plot"
+xlabel!(s::AbstractString; kw...)                = plot!(; xlabel = s, kw...)
+
+"Add ylabel to an existing plot"
+ylabel!(s::AbstractString; kw...)                = plot!(; ylabel = s, kw...)
+
+"Set xlims for an existing plot"
+xlims!(lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:Real} = plot!(; xlims = lims, kw...)
+
+"Set ylims for an existing plot"
+ylims!(lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:Real} = plot!(; ylims = lims, kw...)
+
+"Set zlims for an existing plot"
+zlims!(lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:Real} = plot!(; zlims = lims, kw...)
+
+xlims!(xmin::Real, xmax::Real; kw...)                     = plot!(; xlims = (xmin,xmax), kw...)
+ylims!(ymin::Real, ymax::Real; kw...)                     = plot!(; ylims = (ymin,ymax), kw...)
+zlims!(zmin::Real, zmax::Real; kw...)                     = plot!(; zlims = (zmin,zmax), kw...)
+
+
+"Set xticks for an existing plot"
+xticks!(v::TicksArgs; kw...) where {T<:Real}                       = plot!(; xticks = v, kw...)
+
+"Set yticks for an existing plot"
+yticks!(v::TicksArgs; kw...) where {T<:Real}                       = plot!(; yticks = v, kw...)
+
+xticks!(
+ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:AbstractString}     = plot!(; xticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
+yticks!(
+ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:AbstractString}     = plot!(; yticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
+
+"""
+    annotate!(anns...)
+
+Add annotations to an existing plot.
+
+# Arguments
+
+- `anns`: An `AbstractVector` of tuples of the form (x,y,text). The text object
+          can be an String or PlotText
+
+# Example
+```julia-repl
+julia> plot(1:10)
+julia> annotate!([(7,3,"(7,3)"),(3,7,text("hey", 14, :left, :top, :green))])
+```
+"""
+annotate!(anns...; kw...)                                        = plot!(; annotation = anns, kw...)
+annotate!(anns::AVec{T}; kw...) where {T<:Tuple}                 = plot!(; annotation = anns, kw...)
+
+"Flip the current plots' x axis"
+xflip!(flip::Bool = true; kw...)                          = plot!(; xflip = flip, kw...)
+
+"Flip the current plots' y axis"
+yflip!(flip::Bool = true; kw...)                          = plot!(; yflip = flip, kw...)
+
+"Specify x axis attributes for an existing plot"
+xaxis!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; xaxis = args, kw...)
+
+"Specify y axis attributes for an existing plot"
+yaxis!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; yaxis = args, kw...)
+xgrid!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; xgrid = args, kw...)
+ygrid!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; ygrid = args, kw...)
@@ -4,39 +4,19 @@
 Specify the colour theme for plots.
 """
 function theme(s::Symbol; kw...)
-    defaults = _get_defaults(s)
+    defaults = copy(PlotThemes._themes[s].defaults)
    _theme(s, defaults; kw...)
 end

-function _get_defaults(s::Symbol)
-    thm = PlotThemes._themes[s]
-    if :defaults in fieldnames(typeof(thm))
-        return thm.defaults
-    else # old PlotTheme type
-        defaults = KW(
-            :bg       => thm.bg_secondary,
-            :bginside => thm.bg_primary,
-            :fg       => thm.lines,
-            :fgtext   => thm.text,
-            :fgguide  => thm.text,
-            :fglegend => thm.text,
-            :palette  => thm.palette,
-        )
-        if thm.gradient != nothing
-            push!(defaults, :gradient => thm.gradient)
-        end
-        return defaults
-    end
-end
-
 function _theme(s::Symbol, defaults::KW; kw...)
    # Reset to defaults to overwrite active theme
    reset_defaults()

    # Set the theme's gradient as default
-    if haskey(defaults, :gradient)
+    if haskey(defaults, :colorgradient)
        PlotUtils.clibrary(:misc)
        PlotUtils.default_cgrad(default = :sequential, sequential = PlotThemes.gradient_name(s))
+        pop!(defaults, :colorgradient)
    else
        PlotUtils.clibrary(:Plots)
        PlotUtils.default_cgrad(default = :sequential, sequential = :inferno)
@@ -44,8 +24,8 @@ function _theme(s::Symbol, defaults::KW; kw...)

    # maybe overwrite the theme's gradient
    kw = KW(kw)
-    if haskey(kw, :gradient)
-        kwgrad = pop!(kw, :gradient)
+    if haskey(kw, :colorgradient)
+        kwgrad = pop!(kw, :colorgradient)
        for clib in clibraries()
            if kwgrad in cgradients(clib)
                PlotUtils.clibrary(clib)
@@ -74,11 +54,11 @@ _get_showtheme_args(thm::Symbol, func::Symbol) = thm, get(_color_functions, func

@recipe function showtheme(st::ShowTheme)
    thm, cfunc = _get_showtheme_args(st.args...)
-    defaults = _get_defaults(thm)
+    defaults = PlotThemes._themes[thm].defaults

    # get the gradient
-    gradient_colors = get(defaults, :gradient, cgrad(:inferno).colors)
-    gradient = cgrad(cfunc.(RGB.(gradient_colors)))
+    gradient_colors = get(defaults, :colorgradient, cgrad(:inferno).colors)
+    colorgradient = cgrad(cfunc.(RGB.(gradient_colors)))

    # get the palette
    palette = get(defaults, :palette, get_color_palette(:auto, plot_color(:white), 17))
@@ -86,7 +66,7 @@ _get_showtheme_args(thm::Symbol, func::Symbol) = thm, get(_color_functions, func

    # apply the theme
    for k in keys(defaults)
-        k in (:gradient, :palette) && continue
+        k in (:colorgradient, :palette) && continue
        def = defaults[k]
        arg = get(_keyAliases, k, k)
        plotattributes[arg] = if typeof(def) <: Colorant
@@ -139,27 +119,30 @@ _get_showtheme_args(thm::Symbol, func::Symbol) = thm, get(_color_functions, func
    @series begin
        subplot := 4
        seriestype := :heatmap
-        seriescolor := gradient
-        ticks := -5:5:5
+        seriescolor := colorgradient
+        xticks := (-2π:2π:2π, string.(-2:2:2, "π"))
+        yticks := (-2π:2π:2π, string.(-2:2:2, "π"))
        x, y, z
    end

    @series begin
        subplot := 5
        seriestype := :surface
-        seriescolor := gradient
+        seriescolor := colorgradient
+        xticks := (-2π:2π:2π, string.(-2:2:2, "π"))
+        yticks := (-2π:2π:2π, string.(-2:2:2, "π"))
        x, y, z
    end

    n = 100
    ts = range(0, stop = 10π, length = n)
-    x = ts .* cos.(ts)
+    x = (0.1ts) .* cos.(ts)
    y = (0.1ts) .* sin.(ts)
    z = 1:n

    @series begin
        subplot := 6
-        seriescolor := gradient
+        seriescolor := colorgradient
        linewidth := 3
        line_z := z
        x, y, z
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ function histogramHack(; kw...)
  plotattributes[:x] = midpoints
  plotattributes[:y] = float(counts)
  plotattributes[:seriestype] = :bar
-  plotattributes[:fillrange] = plotattributes[:fillrange] == nothing ? 0.0 : plotattributes[:fillrange]
+  plotattributes[:fillrange] = plotattributes[:fillrange] === nothing ? 0.0 : plotattributes[:fillrange]
  plotattributes
 end

@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ function barHack(; kw...)
  plotattributes = KW(kw)
  midpoints = plotattributes[:x]
  heights = plotattributes[:y]
-  fillrange = plotattributes[:fillrange] == nothing ? 0.0 : plotattributes[:fillrange]
+  fillrange = plotattributes[:fillrange] === nothing ? 0.0 : plotattributes[:fillrange]

  # estimate the edges
  dists = diff(midpoints) * 0.5
  edges = zeros(length(midpoints)+1)
-  for i in 1:length(edges)
+  for i in eachindex(edges)
    if i == 1
      edge = midpoints[1] - dists[1]
    elseif i == length(edges)
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ function barHack(; kw...)

  x = Float64[]
  y = Float64[]
-  for i in 1:length(heights)
+  for i in eachindex(heights)
    e1, e2 = edges[i:i+1]
    append!(x, [e1, e1, e2, e2])
    append!(y, [fillrange, heights[i], heights[i], fillrange])
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ function sticksHack(; kw...)
  # these are the line vertices
  x = Float64[]
  y = Float64[]
-  fillrange = plotattributesLine[:fillrange] == nothing ? 0.0 : plotattributesLine[:fillrange]
+  fillrange = plotattributesLine[:fillrange] === nothing ? 0.0 : plotattributesLine[:fillrange]

  # calculate the vertices
  yScatter = plotattributesScatter[:y]
@@ -115,7 +115,6 @@ function regressionXY(x, y)
 end

 function replace_image_with_heatmap(z::Array{T}) where T<:Colorant
-    @show T, size(z)
    n, m = size(z)
    # idx = 0
    colors = ColorGradient(vec(z))
@@ -146,16 +145,18 @@ end

 Segments() = Segments(Float64)
 Segments(::Type{T}) where {T} = Segments(T[])
-Segments(p::Int) = Segments(NTuple{2,Float64}[])
+Segments(p::Int) = Segments(NTuple{p, Float64}[])


 # Segments() = Segments(zeros(0))

 to_nan(::Type{Float64}) = NaN
 to_nan(::Type{NTuple{2,Float64}}) = (NaN, NaN)
+to_nan(::Type{NTuple{3,Float64}}) = (NaN, NaN, NaN)

 coords(segs::Segments{Float64}) = segs.pts
 coords(segs::Segments{NTuple{2,Float64}}) = Float64[p[1] for p in segs.pts], Float64[p[2] for p in segs.pts]
+coords(segs::Segments{NTuple{3,Float64}}) = Float64[p[1] for p in segs.pts], Float64[p[2] for p in segs.pts], Float64[p[3] for p in segs.pts]

 function Base.push!(segments::Segments{T}, vs...) where T
    if !isempty(segments.pts)
@@ -183,22 +184,26 @@ end

 mutable struct SegmentsIterator
    args::Tuple
-    n::Int
+    n1::Int
+    n2::Int
 end

 function iter_segments(args...)
    tup = Plots.wraptuple(args)
-    n = maximum(map(length, tup))
-    SegmentsIterator(tup, n)
+    n1 = minimum(map(firstindex, tup))
+    n2 = maximum(map(lastindex, tup))
+    SegmentsIterator(tup, n1, n2)
 end

 function iter_segments(series::Series)
    x, y, z = series[:x], series[:y], series[:z]
-    if has_attribute_segments(series)
+    if x === nothing
+        return UnitRange{Int}[]
+    elseif has_attribute_segments(series)
        if series[:seriestype] in (:scatter, :scatter3d)
-            return [[i] for i in 1:length(y)]
+            return [[i] for i in eachindex(y)]
        else
-            return [i:(i + 1) for i in 1:(length(y) - 1)]
+            return [i:(i + 1) for i in firstindex(y):lastindex(y)-1]
        end
    else
        segs = UnitRange{Int}[]
@@ -212,36 +217,19 @@ end

 # helpers to figure out if there are NaN values in a list of array types
 anynan(i::Int, args::Tuple) = any(a -> try isnan(_cycle(a,i)) catch MethodError false end, args)
-anynan(istart::Int, iend::Int, args::Tuple) = any(i -> anynan(i, args), istart:iend)
-allnan(istart::Int, iend::Int, args::Tuple) = all(i -> anynan(i, args), istart:iend)
+anynan(args::Tuple) = i -> anynan(i,args)
+anynan(istart::Int, iend::Int, args::Tuple) = any(anynan(args), istart:iend)
+allnan(istart::Int, iend::Int, args::Tuple) = all(anynan(args), istart:iend)

-function Base.iterate(itr::SegmentsIterator, nextidx::Int = 1)
-    nextidx > itr.n && return nothing
-    if nextidx == 1 && !any(isempty,itr.args) && anynan(1, itr.args)
-        nextidx = 2
-    end
+function Base.iterate(itr::SegmentsIterator, nextidx::Int = itr.n1)
+    i = findfirst(!anynan(itr.args), nextidx:itr.n2)
+    i === nothing && return nothing
+    nextval = nextidx + i - 1

-    i = istart = iend = nextidx
+    j = findfirst(anynan(itr.args), nextval:itr.n2)
+    nextnan = j === nothing ? itr.n2 + 1 : nextval + j - 1

-    # find the next NaN, and iend is the one before
-    while i <= itr.n + 1
-        if i > itr.n || anynan(i, itr.args)
-            # done... array end or found NaN
-            iend = i-1
-            break
-        end
-        i += 1
-    end
-
-    # find the next non-NaN, and set nextidx
-    while i <= itr.n
-        if !anynan(i, itr.args)
-            break
-        end
-        i += 1
-    end
-
-    istart:iend, i
+    nextval:nextnan-1, nextnan
 end

 # Find minimal type that can contain NaN and x
@@ -273,6 +261,9 @@ _cycle(v, indices::AVec{Int})       = fill(v, length(indices))
 _cycle(grad::ColorGradient, idx::Int) = _cycle(grad.colors, idx)
 _cycle(grad::ColorGradient, indices::AVec{Int}) = _cycle(grad.colors, indices)

+_as_gradient(grad::ColorGradient) = grad
+_as_gradient(c::Colorant) = ColorGradient([c,c])
+
 makevec(v::AVec) = v
 makevec(v::T) where {T} = T[v]

@@ -283,18 +274,17 @@ maketuple(x::Tuple{T,S}) where {T,S} = x
 mapFuncOrFuncs(f::Function, u::AVec)        = map(f, u)
 mapFuncOrFuncs(fs::AVec{F}, u::AVec) where {F<:Function} = [map(f, u) for f in fs]

-unzip(xy::AVec{Tuple{X,Y}}) where {X,Y}              = [t[1] for t in xy], [t[2] for t in xy]
-unzip(xyz::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,Z}}) where {X,Y,Z}         = [t[1] for t in xyz], [t[2] for t in xyz], [t[3] for t in xyz]
-unzip(xyuv::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,U,V}}) where {X,Y,U,V}    = [t[1] for t in xyuv], [t[2] for t in xyuv], [t[3] for t in xyuv], [t[4] for t in xyuv]
+for i in 2:4
+  @eval begin
+    unzip(v::Union{AVec{<:Tuple{Vararg{T,$i} where T}},
+                   AVec{<:GeometryTypes.Point{$i}}}) = $(Expr(:tuple, (:([t[$j] for t in v]) for j=1:i)...))
+  end
+end

-unzip(xy::AVec{StaticArrays.SVector{2,T}}) where {T}  = T[t[1] for t in xy], T[t[2] for t in xy]
-unzip(xy::StaticArrays.SVector{2,T}) where {T}        = T[xy[1]], T[xy[2]]
-
-unzip(xyz::AVec{StaticArrays.SVector{3,T}}) where {T} = T[t[1] for t in xyz], T[t[2] for t in xyz], T[t[3] for t in xyz]
-unzip(xyz::StaticArrays.SVector{3,T}) where {T}       = T[xyz[1]], T[xyz[2]], T[xyz[3]]
-
-unzip(xyuv::AVec{StaticArrays.SVector{4,T}}) where {T} = T[t[1] for t in xyuv], T[t[2] for t in xyuv], T[t[3] for t in xyuv], T[t[4] for t in xyuv]
-unzip(xyuv::StaticArrays.SVector{4,T}) where {T}       = T[xyuv[1]], T[xyuv[2]], T[xyuv[3]], T[xyuv[4]]
+unzip(v::Union{AVec{<:GeometryTypes.Point{N}},
+               AVec{<:Tuple{Vararg{T,N} where T}}}) where N = error("$N-dimensional unzip not implemented.")
+unzip(v::Union{AVec{<:GeometryTypes.Point},
+               AVec{<:Tuple}}) = error("Can't unzip points of different dimensions.")

 # given 2-element lims and a vector of data x, widen lims to account for the extrema of x
 function _expand_limits(lims, x)
@@ -356,8 +346,11 @@ const _scale_base = Dict{Symbol, Real}(
    :ln => ℯ,
 )

-function _heatmap_edges(v::AVec)
+function _heatmap_edges(v::AVec, isedges::Bool = false)
  length(v) == 1 && return v[1] .+ [-0.5, 0.5]
+  if isedges return v end
+  # `isedges = true` means that v is a vector which already describes edges
+  # and does not need to be extended.
  vmin, vmax = ignorenan_extrema(v)
  extra_min = (v[2] - v[1]) / 2
  extra_max = (v[end] - v[end - 1]) / 2
@@ -365,43 +358,40 @@ function _heatmap_edges(v::AVec)
 end

 "create an (n+1) list of the outsides of heatmap rectangles"
-function heatmap_edges(v::AVec, scale::Symbol = :identity)
+function heatmap_edges(v::AVec, scale::Symbol = :identity, isedges::Bool = false)
  f, invf = scalefunc(scale), invscalefunc(scale)
-  map(invf, _heatmap_edges(map(f,v)))
+  map(invf, _heatmap_edges(map(f,v), isedges))
 end

-function calc_r_extrema(x, y)
-    xmin, xmax = ignorenan_extrema(x)
-    ymin, ymax = ignorenan_extrema(y)
-    r = 0.5 * NaNMath.min(xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin)
-    ignorenan_extrema(r)
+function heatmap_edges(x::AVec, xscale::Symbol, y::AVec, yscale::Symbol, z_size::Tuple{Int, Int})
+    nx, ny = length(x), length(y)
+    # ismidpoints = z_size == (ny, nx) # This fails some tests, but would actually be
+    # the correct check, since (4, 3) != (3, 4) and a missleading plot is produced.
+    ismidpoints = prod(z_size) == (ny * nx)
+    isedges = z_size == (ny - 1, nx - 1)
+    if !ismidpoints && !isedges
+        error("""Length of x & y does not match the size of z.
+                Must be either `size(z) == (length(y), length(x))` (x & y define midpoints)
+                or `size(z) == (length(y)+1, length(x)+1))` (x & y define edges).""")
+    end
+    x, y = heatmap_edges(x, xscale, isedges),
+           heatmap_edges(y, yscale, isedges)
+    return x, y
 end

-function convert_to_polar(x, y, r_extrema = calc_r_extrema(x, y))
+function is_uniformly_spaced(v; tol=1e-6)
+  dv = diff(v)
+  maximum(dv) - minimum(dv) < tol * mean(abs.(dv))
+end
+
+function convert_to_polar(theta, r, r_extrema = ignorenan_extrema(r))
    rmin, rmax = r_extrema
-    theta, r = filter_radial_data(x, y, r_extrema)
    r = (r .- rmin) ./ (rmax .- rmin)
    x = r.*cos.(theta)
    y = r.*sin.(theta)
    x, y
 end

-# Filters radial data for points within the axis limits
-function filter_radial_data(theta, r, r_extrema::Tuple{Real, Real})
-    n = max(length(theta), length(r))
-    rmin, rmax = r_extrema
-    x, y = zeros(n), zeros(n)
-    for i in 1:n
-        x[i] = _cycle(theta, i)
-        y[i] = _cycle(r, i)
-    end
-    points = map((a, b) -> (a, b), x, y)
-    filter!(a -> a[2] >= rmin && a[2] <= rmax, points)
-    x = map(a -> a[1], points)
-    y = map(a -> a[2], points)
-    x, y
-end
-
 function fakedata(sz...)
  y = zeros(sz...)
  for r in 2:size(y,1)
@@ -431,7 +421,7 @@ isvertical(series::Series) = isvertical(series.plotattributes)

 ticksType(ticks::AVec{T}) where {T<:Real}                      = :ticks
 ticksType(ticks::AVec{T}) where {T<:AbstractString}            = :labels
-ticksType(ticks::Tuple{T,S}) where {T<:AVec,S<:AVec}  = :ticks_and_labels
+ticksType(ticks::Tuple{T,S}) where {T<:Union{AVec,Tuple},S<:Union{AVec,Tuple}} = :ticks_and_labels
 ticksType(ticks)                                        = :invalid

 limsType(lims::Tuple{T,S}) where {T<:Real,S<:Real}    = :limits
@@ -515,7 +505,7 @@ function make_fillrange_from_ribbon(kw::KW)
    rib1, rib2 = -first(rib), last(rib)
    # kw[:ribbon] = nothing
    kw[:fillrange] = make_fillrange_side(y, rib1), make_fillrange_side(y, rib2)
-    (get(kw, :fillalpha, nothing) == nothing) && (kw[:fillalpha] = 0.5)
+    (get(kw, :fillalpha, nothing) === nothing) && (kw[:fillalpha] = 0.5)
 end

 #turn tuple of fillranges to one path
@@ -527,7 +517,7 @@ function concatenate_fillrange(x,y::Tuple)
 end

 function get_sp_lims(sp::Subplot, letter::Symbol)
-    axis_limits(sp[Symbol(letter, :axis)])
+    axis_limits(sp, letter)
 end

 """
@@ -561,14 +551,9 @@ zlims(sp_idx::Int = 1) = zlims(current(), sp_idx)

 function get_clims(sp::Subplot)
    zmin, zmax = Inf, -Inf
-    z_colored_series = (:contour, :contour3d, :heatmap, :histogram2d, :surface)
    for series in series_list(sp)
-        for vals in (series[:seriestype] in z_colored_series ? series[:z] : nothing, series[:line_z], series[:marker_z], series[:fill_z])
-            if (typeof(vals) <: AbstractSurface) && (eltype(vals.surf) <: Real)
-                zmin, zmax = _update_clims(zmin, zmax, ignorenan_extrema(vals.surf)...)
-            elseif (vals != nothing) && (eltype(vals) <: Real)
-                zmin, zmax = _update_clims(zmin, zmax, ignorenan_extrema(vals)...)
-            end
+        if series[:colorbar_entry]
+            zmin, zmax = _update_clims(zmin, zmax, get_clims(series)...)
        end
    end
    clims = sp[:clims]
@@ -576,40 +561,82 @@ function get_clims(sp::Subplot)
        isfinite(clims[1]) && (zmin = clims[1])
        isfinite(clims[2]) && (zmax = clims[2])
    end
-    return zmin < zmax ? (zmin, zmax) : (-0.1, 0.1)
+    return zmin <= zmax ? (zmin, zmax) : (NaN, NaN)
 end

-_update_clims(zmin, zmax, emin, emax) = min(zmin, emin), max(zmax, emax)
-
-function hascolorbar(series::Series)
-    st = series[:seriestype]
-    hascbar = st == :heatmap
-    if st == :contour
-        hascbar = (isscalar(series[:levels]) ? (series[:levels] > 1) : (length(series[:levels]) > 1)) && (length(unique(Array(series[:z]))) > 1)
+function get_clims(sp::Subplot, series::Series)
+    zmin, zmax = if series[:colorbar_entry]
+        get_clims(sp)
+    else
+        get_clims(series)
    end
-    if series[:marker_z] != nothing || series[:line_z] != nothing || series[:fill_z] != nothing
-        hascbar = true
+    clims = sp[:clims]
+    if is_2tuple(clims)
+        isfinite(clims[1]) && (zmin = clims[1])
+        isfinite(clims[2]) && (zmax = clims[2])
    end
-    # no colorbar if we are creating a surface LightSource
-    if xor(st == :surface, series[:fill_z] != nothing)
-        hascbar = true
-    end
-    return hascbar
+    return zmin <= zmax ? (zmin, zmax) : (NaN, NaN)
 end

-function hascolorbar(sp::Subplot)
-    cbar = sp[:colorbar]
-    hascbar = false
-    if cbar != :none
-        for series in series_list(sp)
-            if hascolorbar(series)
-                hascbar = true
-            end
+function get_clims(series::Series)
+    zmin, zmax = Inf, -Inf
+    z_colored_series = (:contour, :contour3d, :heatmap, :histogram2d, :surface)
+    for vals in (series[:seriestype] in z_colored_series ? series[:z] : nothing, series[:line_z], series[:marker_z], series[:fill_z])
+        if (typeof(vals) <: AbstractSurface) && (eltype(vals.surf) <: Union{Missing, Real})
+            zmin, zmax = _update_clims(zmin, zmax, ignorenan_extrema(vals.surf)...)
+        elseif (vals !== nothing) && (eltype(vals) <: Union{Missing, Real})
+            zmin, zmax = _update_clims(zmin, zmax, ignorenan_extrema(vals)...)
        end
    end
-    hascbar
+    return zmin <= zmax ? (zmin, zmax) : (NaN, NaN)
 end

+_update_clims(zmin, zmax, emin, emax) = NaNMath.min(zmin, emin), NaNMath.max(zmax, emax)
+
+@enum ColorbarStyle cbar_gradient cbar_fill cbar_lines
+
+function colorbar_style(series::Series)
+    colorbar_entry = series[:colorbar_entry]
+    if !(colorbar_entry isa Bool)
+        @warn "Non-boolean colorbar_entry ignored."
+        colorbar_entry = true
+    end
+
+    if !colorbar_entry
+        nothing
+    elseif isfilledcontour(series)
+        cbar_fill
+    elseif iscontour(series)
+        cbar_lines
+    elseif series[:seriestype] ∈ (:heatmap,:surface) ||
+            any(series[z] !== nothing for z ∈ [:marker_z,:line_z,:fill_z])
+        cbar_gradient
+    else
+        nothing
+    end
+end
+
+hascolorbar(series::Series) = colorbar_style(series) !== nothing
+hascolorbar(sp::Subplot) = sp[:colorbar] != :none && any(hascolorbar(s) for s in series_list(sp))
+
+iscontour(series::Series) = series[:seriestype] == :contour
+isfilledcontour(series::Series) = iscontour(series) && series[:fillrange] !== nothing
+
+function contour_levels(series::Series, clims)
+    iscontour(series) || error("Not a contour series")
+    zmin, zmax = clims
+    levels = series[:levels]
+    if levels isa Integer
+        levels = range(zmin, stop=zmax, length=levels+2)
+        if !isfilledcontour(series)
+            levels = levels[2:end-1]
+        end
+    end
+    levels
+end
+
+
+
 for comp in (:line, :fill, :marker)

    compcolor = string(comp, :color)
@@ -624,7 +651,7 @@ for comp in (:line, :fill, :marker)
        function $get_compcolor(series, cmin::Real, cmax::Real, i::Int = 1)
            c = series[$Symbol($compcolor)]
            z = series[$Symbol($comp_z)]
-            if z == nothing
+            if z === nothing
                isa(c, ColorGradient) ? c : plot_color(_cycle(c, i))
            else
                grad = isa(c, ColorGradient) ? c : cgrad()
@@ -635,7 +662,7 @@ for comp in (:line, :fill, :marker)
        $get_compcolor(series, clims, i::Int = 1) = $get_compcolor(series, clims[1], clims[2], i)

        function $get_compcolor(series, i::Int = 1)
-            if series[$Symbol($comp_z)] == nothing
+            if series[$Symbol($comp_z)] === nothing
                $get_compcolor(series, 0, 1, i)
            else
                $get_compcolor(series, get_clims(series[:subplot]), i)
@@ -646,6 +673,9 @@ for comp in (:line, :fill, :marker)
    end
 end

+single_color(c, v = 0.5) = c
+single_color(grad::ColorGradient, v = 0.5) = grad[v]
+
 function get_linewidth(series, i::Int = 1)
    _cycle(series[:linewidth], i)
 end
@@ -669,11 +699,11 @@ function has_attribute_segments(series::Series)
    for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
        # If we have NaNs in the data they define the segments and
        # SegmentsIterator is used
-        series[letter] != nothing && NaN in collect(series[letter]) && return false
+        series[letter] !== nothing && NaN in collect(series[letter]) && return false
    end
    series[:seriestype] == :shape && return false
    # ... else we check relevant attributes if they have multiple inputs
-    return any((typeof(series[attr]) <: AbstractVector && length(series[attr]) > 1) for attr in [:seriescolor, :seriesalpha, :linecolor, :linealpha, :linewidth, :fillcolor, :fillalpha, :markercolor, :markeralpha, :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha]) || any(typeof(series[attr]) <: AbstractArray{<:Real} for attr in (:line_z, :fill_z, :marker_z))
+    return any((typeof(series[attr]) <: AbstractVector && length(series[attr]) > 1) for attr in [:seriescolor, :seriesalpha, :linecolor, :linealpha, :linewidth, :linestyle, :fillcolor, :fillalpha, :markercolor, :markeralpha, :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha]) || any(typeof(series[attr]) <: AbstractArray for attr in (:line_z, :fill_z, :marker_z))
 end

 # ---------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -726,7 +756,7 @@ function with(f::Function, args...; kw...)

  # save the backend
  if CURRENT_BACKEND.sym == :none
-    pickDefaultBackend()
+    _pick_default_backend()
  end
  oldbackend = CURRENT_BACKEND.sym

@@ -796,24 +826,24 @@ function debugplots(on = true)
  _debugMode.on = on
 end

-debugshow(x) = show(x)
-debugshow(x::AbstractArray) = print(summary(x))
+debugshow(io, x) = show(io, x)
+debugshow(io, x::AbstractArray) = print(io, summary(x))

-function dumpdict(plotattributes::KW, prefix = "", alwaysshow = false)
+function dumpdict(io::IO, plotattributes::KW, prefix = "", alwaysshow = false)
  _debugMode.on || alwaysshow || return
-  println()
+  println(io)
  if prefix != ""
-    println(prefix, ":")
+    println(io, prefix, ":")
  end
  for k in sort(collect(keys(plotattributes)))
    @printf("%14s: ", k)
-    debugshow(plotattributes[k])
-    println()
+    debugshow(io, plotattributes[k])
+    println(io)
  end
-  println()
+  println(io)
 end
-DD(plotattributes::KW, prefix = "") = dumpdict(plotattributes, prefix, true)
-
+DD(io::IO, plotattributes::KW, prefix = "") = dumpdict(io, plotattributes, prefix, true)
+DD(plotattributes::KW, prefix = "") = DD(stdout, plotattributes, prefix)

 function dumpcallstack()
  error()  # well... you wanted the stacktrace, didn't you?!?
@@ -1079,6 +1109,15 @@ legendfont(sp::Subplot) = font(
    sp[:legendfontcolor],
 )

+legendtitlefont(sp::Subplot) = font(
+    sp[:legendtitlefontfamily],
+    sp[:legendtitlefontsize],
+    sp[:legendtitlefontvalign],
+    sp[:legendtitlefonthalign],
+    sp[:legendtitlefontrotation],
+    sp[:legendtitlefontcolor],
+)
+
 tickfont(ax::Axis) = font(
    ax[:tickfontfamily],
    ax[:tickfontsize],
@@ -1125,20 +1164,20 @@ function convert_sci_unicode(label::AbstractString)
    label
 end

-function straightline_data(series)
+function straightline_data(series, expansion_factor = 1)
    sp = series[:subplot]
    xl, yl = isvertical(series) ? (xlims(sp), ylims(sp)) : (ylims(sp), xlims(sp))
    x, y = series[:x], series[:y]
    n = length(x)
    if n == 2
-        return straightline_data(xl, yl, x, y)
+        return straightline_data(xl, yl, x, y, expansion_factor)
    else
        k, r = divrem(n, 3)
        if r == 0
            xdata, ydata = fill(NaN, n), fill(NaN, n)
            for i in 1:k
                inds = (3 * i - 2):(3 * i - 1)
-                xdata[inds], ydata[inds] = straightline_data(xl, yl, x[inds], y[inds])
+                xdata[inds], ydata[inds] = straightline_data(xl, yl, x[inds], y[inds], expansion_factor)
            end
            return xdata, ydata
        else
@@ -1147,7 +1186,7 @@ function straightline_data(series)
    end
 end

-function straightline_data(xl, yl, x, y)
+function straightline_data(xl, yl, x, y, expansion_factor = 1)
    x_vals, y_vals = if y[1] == y[2]
        if x[1] == x[2]
            error("Two identical points cannot be used to describe a straight line.")
@@ -1168,29 +1207,28 @@ function straightline_data(xl, yl, x, y)
    end
    # expand the data outside the axis limits, by a certain factor too improve
    # plotly(js) and interactive behaviour
-    factor = 100
-    x_vals = x_vals .+ (x_vals[2] - x_vals[1]) .* factor .* [-1, 1]
-    y_vals = y_vals .+ (y_vals[2] - y_vals[1]) .* factor .* [-1, 1]
+    x_vals = x_vals .+ (x_vals[2] - x_vals[1]) .* expansion_factor .* [-1, 1]
+    y_vals = y_vals .+ (y_vals[2] - y_vals[1]) .* expansion_factor .* [-1, 1]
    return x_vals, y_vals
 end

-function shape_data(series)
+function shape_data(series, expansion_factor = 1)
    sp = series[:subplot]
    xl, yl = isvertical(series) ? (xlims(sp), ylims(sp)) : (ylims(sp), xlims(sp))
    x, y = series[:x], series[:y]
    factor = 100
    for i in eachindex(x)
        if x[i] == -Inf
-            x[i] = xl[1] - factor * (xl[2] - xl[1])
+            x[i] = xl[1] - expansion_factor * (xl[2] - xl[1])
        elseif x[i] == Inf
-            x[i] = xl[2] + factor * (xl[2] - xl[1])
+            x[i] = xl[2] + expansion_factor * (xl[2] - xl[1])
        end
    end
    for i in eachindex(y)
        if y[i] == -Inf
-            y[i] = yl[1] - factor * (yl[2] - yl[1])
+            y[i] = yl[1] - expansion_factor * (yl[2] - yl[1])
        elseif y[i] == Inf
-            y[i] = yl[2] + factor * (yl[2] - yl[1])
+            y[i] = yl[2] + expansion_factor * (yl[2] - yl[1])
        end
    end
    return x, y
@@ -1199,3 +1237,37 @@ end
 function construct_categorical_data(x::AbstractArray, axis::Axis)
    map(xi -> axis[:discrete_values][searchsortedfirst(axis[:continuous_values], xi)], x)
 end
+
+_fmt_paragraph(paragraph::AbstractString;kwargs...) = _fmt_paragraph(IOBuffer(),paragraph,0;kwargs...)
+
+function _fmt_paragraph(io::IOBuffer,
+                        remaining_text::AbstractString,
+                        column_count::Integer;
+                        fillwidth=60,
+                        leadingspaces=0)
+
+    kwargs = (fillwidth = fillwidth, leadingspaces = leadingspaces)
+
+    m = match(r"(.*?) (.*)",remaining_text)
+    if isa(m,Nothing)
+        if column_count + length(remaining_text) ≤ fillwidth
+            print(io,remaining_text)
+            String(take!(io))
+        else
+            print(io,"\n"*" "^leadingspaces*remaining_text)
+            String(take!(io))
+        end
+    else
+        if column_count + length(m[1]) ≤ fillwidth
+            print(io,"$(m[1]) ")
+            _fmt_paragraph(io,m[2],column_count + length(m[1]) + 1;kwargs...)
+        else
+            print(io,"\n"*" "^leadingspaces*"$(m[1]) ")
+            _fmt_paragraph(io,m[2],leadingspaces;kwargs...)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+function _document_argument(S::AbstractString)
+    _fmt_paragraph("`$S`: "*_arg_desc[Symbol(S)],leadingspaces = 6 + length(S))
+end
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+reference_images
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-StatPlots
-Images
-ImageMagick
-@osx QuartzImageIO
-FileIO
-GR 0.31.0
-RDatasets
-VisualRegressionTests
-UnicodePlots
-LaTeXStrings
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-using Pkg
-
-# need this to use Conda
-# ENV["PYTHON"] = ""
-
-to_add = [
-    # PackageSpec(url="https://github.com/JuliaStats/KernelDensity.jl.git"),
-    PackageSpec(name="PlotUtils", rev="master"),
-    PackageSpec(name="RecipesBase", rev="master"),
-    # PackageSpec(name="Blink", rev="master"),
-    # PackageSpec(name="Rsvg", rev="master"),
-    # PackageSpec(name="PlotlyJS", rev="master"),
-    # PackageSpec(name="VisualRegressionTests", rev="master"),
-    # PackageSpec("PyPlot"),
-    # PackageSpec("InspectDR"),
-]
-
-if isinteractive()
-    Pkg.develop(PackageSpec(url="https://github.com/JuliaPlots/PlotReferenceImages.jl.git"))
-    append!(to_add, [
-        PackageSpec(name="FileIO"),
-        PackageSpec(name="ImageMagick"),
-        PackageSpec(name="UnicodePlots"),
-        PackageSpec(name="VisualRegressionTests"),
-        PackageSpec(name="Gtk"),
-        # PlotlyJS:
-        # PackageSpec(name="PlotlyJS"),
-        # PackageSpec(name="Blink"),
-        # PackageSpec(name="ORCA"),
-        # PyPlot:
-        # PackageSpec(name="PyPlot"),
-        # PackageSpec(name="PyCall"),
-        # PackageSpec(name="LaTeXStrings"),
-    ])
-else
-    push!(to_add, PackageSpec(url="https://github.com/JuliaPlots/PlotReferenceImages.jl.git"))
-end
-
-Pkg.add(to_add)
-
-Pkg.build("ImageMagick")
-# Pkg.build("GR")
-# Pkg.build("Blink")
-# import Blink
-# Blink.AtomShell.install()
-# Pkg.build("PyPlot")
@@ -1,92 +1,28 @@
-
-using VisualRegressionTests
-# using ExamplePlots
-
-if isinteractive()
-    @eval Main import Gtk
-end
-
-# import DataFrames, RDatasets
-
-# don't let pyplot use a gui... it'll crash
-# note: Agg will set gui -> :none in PyPlot
-# ENV["MPLBACKEND"] = "Agg"
-# try
-#   @eval import PyPlot
-#   @info("Matplotlib version: $(PyPlot.matplotlib[:__version__])")
-# end
-
-
-using Plots
-# using StatPlots
-import PlotReferenceImages
-using Random
-using Test
-
-default(size=(500,300))
-
-
-# TODO: use julia's Condition type and the wait() and notify() functions to initialize a Window, then wait() on a condition that
-#       is referenced in a button press callback (the button clicked callback will call notify() on that condition)
-
 import Plots._current_plots_version

-
-function image_comparison_tests(pkg::Symbol, idx::Int; debug = false, popup = isinteractive(), sigma = [1,1], tol = 1e-2)
+function image_comparison_tests(pkg::Symbol, idx::Int; debug = false, popup = !is_ci(), sigma = [1,1], tol = 1e-2)
    Plots._debugMode.on = debug
    example = Plots._examples[idx]
+    Plots.theme(:default)
    @info("Testing plot: $pkg:$idx:$(example.header)")
    backend(pkg)
    backend()
-
+    default(size=(500,300))
    # ensure consistent results
    Random.seed!(1234)

-    # reference image directory setup
-    # refdir = joinpath(Pkg.dir("ExamplePlots"), "test", "refimg", string(pkg))
-    refdir = joinpath(dirname(pathof(PlotReferenceImages)), "..", "Plots", string(pkg))
    fn = "ref$idx.png"
-
-    # firgure out version info
-    vns = filter(x->x[1] != '.', readdir(refdir))
-    versions = sort(VersionNumber.(vns), rev = true)
-    versions = filter(v -> v <= _current_plots_version, versions)
-    # @show refdir fn versions
-
-    newdir = joinpath(refdir, string(_current_plots_version))
-    newfn = joinpath(newdir, fn)
-
-    # figure out which reference file we should compare to, by finding the highest versioned file
-    reffn = nothing
-    for v in versions
-        tmpfn = joinpath(refdir, string(v), fn)
-        if isfile(tmpfn)
-            reffn = tmpfn
-            break
-        end
-    end
-
-    # now we have the fn (if any)... do the comparison
-    # @show reffn
-    if reffn == nothing
-        reffn = newfn
-    end
-    # @show reffn
-    # return
+    reffn = reference_file(pkg, idx, _current_plots_version)
+    newfn = joinpath(reference_path(pkg, _current_plots_version), fn)

    # test function
    func = (fn, idx) -> begin
-        map(eval, example.exprs)
+        expr = Expr(:block)
+        append!(expr.args, example.exprs)
+        eval(expr)
        png(fn)
    end

-    # try
-    #     run(`mkdir -p $newdir`)
-    # catch err
-    #     display(err)
-    # end
-    # # reffn = joinpath(refdir, "ref$idx.png")
-
    # the test
    vtest = VisualTest(func, reffn, idx)
    test_images(vtest, popup=popup, sigma=sigma, tol=tol, newfn = newfn)
@@ -100,7 +36,7 @@ function image_comparison_facts(pkg::Symbol;
                                tol = 1e-2)     # acceptable error (percent)
  for i in 1:length(Plots._examples)
    i in skip && continue
-    if only == nothing || i in only
+    if only === nothing || i in only
      @test image_comparison_tests(pkg, i, debug=debug, sigma=sigma, tol=tol) |> success == true
    end
  end
@@ -1,103 +1,76 @@
-module PlotsTests
+import ImageMagick
+using VisualRegressionTests
+using Plots
+using Random
+using Test
+using FileIO
+using Gtk
+using LibGit2
+using GeometryTypes
+
+include("test_pgfplotsx.jl")
+
+reference_dir(args...) = joinpath(homedir(), ".julia", "dev", "PlotReferenceImages", args...)
+
+function reference_file(backend, i, version)
+    refdir = reference_dir("Plots", string(backend))
+    fn = "ref$i.png"
+    versions = sort(VersionNumber.(readdir(refdir)), rev = true)
+
+    reffn = joinpath(refdir, string(version), fn)
+    for v in versions
+        tmpfn = joinpath(refdir, string(v), fn)
+        if isfile(tmpfn)
+            reffn = tmpfn
+            break
+        end
+    end
+
+    return reffn
+end
+
+reference_path(backend, version) = reference_dir("Plots", string(backend), string(version))
+
+if !isdir(reference_dir())
+    mkpath(reference_dir())
+    LibGit2.clone("https://github.com/JuliaPlots/PlotReferenceImages.jl.git", reference_dir())
+end

-include("add_packages.jl")
 include("imgcomp.jl")
-
 # don't actually show the plots
 Random.seed!(1234)
 default(show=false, reuse=true)
-img_tol = isinteractive() ? 1e-2 : 10e-2
+is_ci() = get(ENV, "CI", "false") == "true"
+img_tol = is_ci() ? 10e-2 : 10e-2

-@testset "GR" begin
-    ENV["PLOTS_TEST"] = "true"
-    ENV["GKSwstype"] = "100"
-    @test gr() == Plots.GRBackend()
-    @test backend() == Plots.GRBackend()
+@testset "Backends" begin

-    @static if Sys.islinux()
-        image_comparison_facts(:gr, tol=img_tol, skip = [25, 30])
+    @testset "GR" begin
+        ENV["PLOTS_TEST"] = "true"
+        ENV["GKSwstype"] = "100"
+        @test gr() == Plots.GRBackend()
+        @test backend() == Plots.GRBackend()
+
+        @static if Sys.islinux()
+            image_comparison_facts(:gr, tol=img_tol, skip = Plots._backend_skips[:gr])
+        end
    end
+
+    @testset "UnicodePlots" begin
+        @test unicodeplots() == Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend()
+        @test backend() == Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend()
+
+        # lets just make sure it runs without error
+        p = plot(rand(10))
+        @test isa(p, Plots.Plot) == true
+        @test isa(display(p), Nothing) == true
+        p = bar(randn(10))
+        @test isa(p, Plots.Plot) == true
+        @test isa(display(p), Nothing) == true
+    end
+
 end

-# @static if isinteractive()
-#     @testset "PyPlot" begin
-#         @test pyplot() == Plots.PyPlotBackend()
-#         @test backend() == Plots.PyPlotBackend()
-#
-#         image_comparison_facts(:pyplot, tol=img_tol, skip = [2, 25, 30, 31])
-#     end
-# end
-
-@testset "UnicodePlots" begin
-    @test unicodeplots() == Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend()
-    @test backend() == Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend()
-
-    # lets just make sure it runs without error
-    @test isa(plot(rand(10)), Plots.Plot) == true
-end
-
-# The plotlyjs testimages return a connection error on travis:
-# connect: connection refused (ECONNREFUSED)
-
-# @static if isinteractive()
-#     @testset "PlotlyJS" begin
-#         @test plotlyjs() == Plots.PlotlyJSBackend()
-#         @test backend() == Plots.PlotlyJSBackend()
-#
-#         image_comparison_facts(:plotlyjs,
-#             skip=[
-#                 2,  # animation (skipped for speed)
-#                 25,
-#                 27, # (polar plots) takes very long / not working
-#                 30,
-#                 31, # animation (skipped for speed)
-#             ],
-#             tol=img_tol)
-#     end
-# end
-
-# InspectDR returns that error on travis:
-# ERROR: LoadError: InitError: Cannot open display:
-#  in Gtk.GLib.GError(::Gtk.##229#230) at /home/travis/.julia/v0.5/Gtk/src/GLib/gerror.jl:17
-
-# @testset "InspectDR" begin
-#     @test inspectdr() == Plots.InspectDRBackend()
-#     @test backend() == Plots.InspectDRBackend()
-#
-#     image_comparison_facts(:inspectdr,
-#         skip=[
-#             2,  # animation
-#             6,  # heatmap not defined
-#             10, # heatmap not defined
-#             22, # contour not defined
-#             23, # pie not defined
-#             27, # polar plot not working
-#             28, # heatmap not defined
-#             31, # animation
-#         ],
-#         tol=img_tol)
-# end
-
-
-# @testset "Plotly" begin
-#     @test plotly() == Plots.PlotlyBackend()
-#     @test backend() == Plots.PlotlyBackend()
-#
-#     # # until png generation is reliable on OSX, just test on linux
-#     # @static Sys.islinux() && image_comparison_facts(:plotly, only=[1,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,20,22,23,27], tol=img_tol)
-# end
-
-# @testset "PlotlyJS" begin
-#     @test plotlyjs() == Plots.PlotlyJSBackend()
-#     @test backend() == Plots.PlotlyJSBackend()
-#
-#     # as long as we can plot anything without error, it should be the same as Plotly
-#     image_comparison_facts(:plotlyjs, only=[1], tol=img_tol)
-# end
-
-
-
-
@testset "Axes" begin
    p = plot()
    axis = p.subplots[1][:xaxis]
@@ -113,46 +86,52 @@ end
 end

@testset "NoFail" begin
-    histogram([1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
+    plots = [histogram([1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]),
+             plot([missing]),
+             plot([missing; 1:4]),
+             plot([fill(missing,10); 1:4]),
+             plot([1 1; 1 missing]),
+             plot(["a" "b"; missing "d"], [1 2; 3 4])]
+    for plt in plots
+        display(plt)
+    end
+    @test_nowarn plot(x->x^2,0,2)
 end

-# tests for preprocessing recipes
+@testset "EmptyAnim" begin
+    anim = @animate for i in []
+    end

-# @testset "recipes" begin
+    @test_throws ArgumentError gif(anim)
+end

-    # user recipe
+@testset "Segments" begin
+    function segments(args...)
+        segs = UnitRange{Int}[]
+        for seg in iter_segments(args...)
+            push!(segs,seg)
+        end
+        segs
+    end

-    # type T end
-    # @recipe function f(::T)
-    #     line := (3,0.3,:red)
-    #     marker := (20,0.5,:blue,:o)
-    #     bg := :yellow
-    #     rand(10)
-    # end
-    # plot(T())
+    nan10 = fill(NaN,10)
+    @test segments(11:20) == [1:10]
+    @test segments([NaN]) == []
+    @test segments(nan10) == []
+    @test segments([nan10; 1:5]) == [11:15]
+    @test segments([1:5;nan10]) == [1:5]
+    @test segments([nan10; 1:5; nan10; 1:5; nan10]) == [11:15, 26:30]
+    @test segments([NaN; 1], 1:10) == [2:2, 4:4, 6:6, 8:8, 10:10]
+    @test segments([nan10; 1:15], [1:15; nan10]) == [11:15]
+end

-    # plot recipe
-
-    # @recipe function f(::Type{Val{:hiplt}},plt::Plot)
-    #     line := (3,0.3,:red)
-    #     marker := (20,0.5,:blue,:o)
-    #     t := :path
-    #     bg:=:green
-    #     ()
-    # end
-    # plot(rand(10),t=:hiplt)
-
-    # series recipe
-
-    # @recipe function f(::Type{Val{:hi}},x,y,z)
-    #     line := (3,0.3,:red)
-    #     marker := (20,0.5,:blue,:o)
-    #     t := :path
-    #     ()
-    # end
-    # plot(rand(10),t=:hiplt)
-
-# end
-
-
-end # module
+@testset "Utils" begin
+    zipped = ([(1,2)], [("a","b")], [(1,"a"),(2,"b")],
+              [(1,2),(3,4)], [(1,2,3),(3,4,5)], [(1,2,3,4),(3,4,5,6)],
+              [(1,2.0),(missing,missing)], [(1,missing),(missing,"a")],
+              [(missing,missing)], [(missing,missing,missing),("a","b","c")])
+    for z in zipped
+        @test isequal(collect(zip(Plots.unzip(z)...)), z)
+        @test isequal(collect(zip(Plots.unzip(GeometryTypes.Point.(z))...)), z)
+    end
+end
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-import SnoopCompile
-
-### Log the compiles
-# This only needs to be run once (to generate "/tmp/plots_compiles.csv")
-
-# SnoopCompile.@snoop "/tmp/plots_compiles.csv" begin
-#     include(joinpath(dirname(@__FILE__), "runtests.jl"))
-# end
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------
-
-### Parse the compiles and generate precompilation scripts
-# This can be run repeatedly to tweak the scripts
-
-# IMPORTANT: we must have the module(s) defined for the parcelation
-# step, otherwise we will get no precompiles for the Plots module
-using Plots
-
-data = SnoopCompile.read("/tmp/plots_compiles.csv")
-
-# The Plots tests are run inside a module PlotsTest, so all
-# the precompiles get credited to PlotsTest. Credit them to Plots instead.
-subst = Dict("PlotsTests"=>"Plots")
-
-# Blacklist helps fix problems:
-# - MIME uses type-parameters with symbols like :image/png, which is
-#   not parseable
-blacklist = ["MIME"]
-
-# Use these two lines if you want to create precompile functions for
-# individual packages
-pc, discards = SnoopCompile.parcel(data[end:-1:1,2], subst=subst, blacklist=blacklist)
-SnoopCompile.write("/tmp/precompile", pc)
-
-pdir = joinpath(dirname(@__FILE__), "..")
-run(`cp /tmp/precompile/precompile_Plots.jl $pdir/src/precompile.jl`)
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+using Plots, Test
+pgfplotsx()
+
+function create_plot( args...; kwargs... )
+    pgfx_plot = plot(args...; kwargs...)
+    return pgfx_plot, repr("application/x-tex", pgfx_plot)
+end
+
+function create_plot!( args...; kwargs... )
+    pgfx_plot = plot!(args...; kwargs...)
+    return pgfx_plot, repr("application/x-tex", pgfx_plot)
+end
+
+@testset "PGFPlotsX" begin
+    pgfx_plot = plot(1:5)
+    Plots._update_plot_object(pgfx_plot)
+    @test pgfx_plot.o.the_plot isa PGFPlotsX.TikzDocument
+    @test pgfx_plot.series_list[1].plotattributes[:quiver] === nothing
+    axis = Plots.pgfx_axes(pgfx_plot.o)[1]
+    @test count( x-> x isa PGFPlotsX.Plot, axis.contents ) == 1
+    @test !haskey(axis.contents[1].options.dict, "fill")
+
+    @testset "3D docs example" begin
+        n = 100
+        ts = range(0, stop=8π, length=n)
+        x = ts .* map(cos, ts)
+        y = (0.1ts) .* map(sin, ts)
+        z = 1:n
+        pl = plot(x, y, z, zcolor=reverse(z), m=(10, 0.8, :blues, Plots.stroke(0)), leg=false, cbar=true, w=5)
+        pgfx_plot = plot!(pl, zeros(n), zeros(n), 1:n, w=10)
+        Plots._update_plot_object(pgfx_plot)
+        if @test_nowarn(haskey(Plots.pgfx_axes(pgfx_plot.o)[1].options.dict, "colorbar") == true)
+            @test Plots.pgfx_axes(pgfx_plot.o)[1]["colorbar"] === nothing
+        end
+     end # testset
+     @testset "Color docs example" begin
+        y = rand(100)
+        plot(0:10:100, rand(11, 4), lab="lines", w=3, palette=:grays, fill=0, α=0.6)
+        pl = scatter!(y, zcolor=abs.(y .- 0.5), m=(:heat, 0.8, Plots.stroke(1, :green)), ms=10 * abs.(y .- 0.5) .+ 4, lab="grad")
+        Plots._update_plot_object(pl)
+        axis = Plots.pgfx_axes(pl.o)[1]
+        @test count( x->x isa PGFPlotsX.LegendEntry, axis.contents ) == 5
+        @test count( x->x isa PGFPlotsX.Plot, axis.contents ) == 108 # each marker is its own plot, fillranges create 2 plot-objects
+        marker = axis.contents[15]
+        @test marker isa PGFPlotsX.Plot
+        @test marker.options["mark"] == "*"
+        @test marker.options["mark options"]["color"] == RGBA{Float64}( colorant"green", 0.8)
+        @test marker.options["mark options"]["line width"] == 1
+     end # testset
+     @testset "Plot in pieces" begin
+        plot(rand(100) / 3, reg=true, fill=(0, :green))
+        scatter!(rand(100), markersize=6, c=:orange)
+     end # testset
+     @testset "Marker types" begin
+        markers = filter((m->begin
+           m in Plots.supported_markers()
+           end), Plots._shape_keys)
+        markers = reshape(markers, 1, length(markers))
+        n = length(markers)
+        x = (range(0, stop=10, length=n + 2))[2:end - 1]
+        y = repeat(reshape(reverse(x), 1, :), n, 1)
+        scatter(x, y, m=(8, :auto), lab=map(string, markers), bg=:linen, xlim=(0, 10), ylim=(0, 10))
+     end # testset
+     @testset "Layout" begin
+        plot(Plots.fakedata(100, 10), layout=4, palette=[:grays :blues :heat :lightrainbow], bg_inside=[:orange :pink :darkblue :black])
+     end # testset
+     @testset "Polar plots" begin
+        Θ = range(0, stop=1.5π, length=100)
+        r = abs.(0.1 * randn(100) + sin.(3Θ))
+        plot(Θ, r, proj=:polar, m=2)
+     end # testset
+     @testset "Drawing shapes" begin
+        verts = [(-1.0, 1.0), (-1.28, 0.6), (-0.2, -1.4), (0.2, -1.4), (1.28, 0.6), (1.0, 1.0), (-1.0, 1.0), (-0.2, -0.6), (0.0, -0.2), (-0.4, 0.6), (1.28, 0.6), (0.2, -1.4), (-0.2, -1.4), (0.6, 0.2), (-0.2, 0.2), (0.0, -0.2), (0.2, 0.2), (-0.2, -0.6)]
+         x = 0.1:0.2:0.9
+         y = 0.7 * rand(5) .+ 0.15
+         plot(x, y, line=(3, :dash, :lightblue), marker=(Shape(verts), 30, RGBA(0, 0, 0, 0.2)), bg=:pink, fg=:darkblue, xlim=(0, 1), ylim=(0, 1), leg=false)
+     end # testset
+     @testset "Histogram 2D" begin
+        histogram2d(randn(10000), randn(10000), nbins=20)
+     end # testset
+     @testset "Heatmap-like" begin
+        xs = [string("x", i) for i = 1:10]
+        ys = [string("y", i) for i = 1:4]
+        z = float((1:4) * reshape(1:10, 1, :))
+        pgfx_plot = heatmap(xs, ys, z, aspect_ratio=1)
+        Plots._update_plot_object(pgfx_plot)
+        if @test_nowarn(haskey(Plots.pgfx_axes(pgfx_plot.o)[1].options.dict, "colorbar") == true)
+           @test Plots.pgfx_axes(pgfx_plot.o)[1]["colorbar"] === nothing
+           @test Plots.pgfx_axes(pgfx_plot.o)[1]["colormap name"] == "plots1"
+        end
+
+        pgfx_plot = wireframe(xs, ys, z, aspect_ratio=1)
+        # TODO: clims are wrong
+     end # testset
+     @testset "Contours" begin
+        x = 1:0.5:20
+        y = 1:0.5:10
+        f(x, y) = begin
+           (3x + y ^ 2) * abs(sin(x) + cos(y))
+        end
+        X = repeat(reshape(x, 1, :), length(y), 1)
+        Y = repeat(y, 1, length(x))
+        Z = map(f, X, Y)
+        p2 = contour(x, y, Z)
+        p1 = contour(x, y, f, fill=true)
+        plot(p1, p2)
+        # TODO: colorbar for filled contours
+     end # testset
+     @testset "Varying colors" begin
+        t = range(0, stop=1, length=100)
+         θ = (6π) .* t
+         x = t .* cos.(θ)
+         y = t .* sin.(θ)
+         p1 = plot(x, y, line_z=t, linewidth=3, legend=false)
+         p2 = scatter(x, y, marker_z=((x, y)->begin
+                             x + y
+                         end), color=:bluesreds, legend=false)
+         plot(p1, p2)
+     end # testset
+     @testset "Framestyles" begin
+        scatter(fill(randn(10), 6), fill(randn(10), 6), framestyle=[:box :semi :origin :zerolines :grid :none], title=[":box" ":semi" ":origin" ":zerolines" ":grid" ":none"], color=permutedims(1:6), layout=6, label="", markerstrokewidth=0, ticks=-2:2)
+        # TODO: support :semi
+     end # testset
+     @testset "Quiver" begin
+        x = -2pi:0.2:2*pi
+        y = sin.(x)
+
+        u = ones(length(x))
+        v = cos.(x)
+        arrow_plot = plot( x, y, quiver = (u, v), arrow = true )
+        # TODO: could adjust limits to fit arrows if too long, but how?
+        # TODO: get latex available on CI
+        # mktempdir() do path
+        #    @test_nowarn savefig(arrow_plot, path*"arrow.pdf")
+        # end
+     end # testset
+     @testset "Annotations" begin
+        y = rand(10)
+        plot(y, annotations=(3, y[3], Plots.text("this is \\#3", :left)), leg=false)
+        annotate!([(5, y[5], Plots.text("this is \\#5", 16, :red, :center)), (10, y[10], Plots.text("this is \\#10", :right, 20, "courier"))])
+        annotation_plot = scatter!(range(2, stop=8, length=6), rand(6), marker=(50, 0.2, :orange), series_annotations=["series", "annotations", "map", "to", "series", Plots.text("data", :green)])
+        # mktempdir() do path
+        #    @test_nowarn savefig(annotation_plot, path*"annotation.pdf")
+        # end
+     end # testset
+     @testset "Ribbon" begin
+        aa = rand(10)
+        bb = rand(10)
+        cc = rand(10)
+        conf = [aa-cc bb-cc]
+        ribbon_plot = plot(collect(1:10),fill(1,10), ribbon=(conf[:,1],conf[:,2]))
+        Plots._update_plot_object(ribbon_plot)
+        axis = Plots.pgfx_axes(ribbon_plot.o)[1]
+        plots = filter(x->x isa PGFPlotsX.Plot, axis.contents)
+        @test length(plots) == 4
+        @test !haskey(plots[1].options.dict, "fill")
+        @test !haskey(plots[2].options.dict, "fill")
+        @test !haskey(plots[3].options.dict, "fill")
+        @test haskey(plots[4].options.dict, "fill")
+        @test ribbon_plot.o !== nothing
+        @test ribbon_plot.o.the_plot !== nothing
+     #    mktempdir() do path
+     #       @test_nowarn savefig(ribbon_plot, path*"ribbon.svg")
+     #    end
+     end # testset
+  end # testset