gr: removed println statement

hotfix-FixedPointNumbers in require
Merge pull request #905 from mkborregaard/fix-version-number-fixedsizearrays
2017-06-17 22:11:57 +02:00 · 2017-06-07 17:08:06 +02:00 · 2017-06-07 17:00:03 +02:00 · 2017-06-07 16:59:20 +02:00 · 2017-06-07 16:07:21 +02:00 · 2017-06-07 16:06:04 +02:00
49 changed files with 5757 additions and 2090 deletions
@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@
 language: julia
 os:
  - linux
-  - osx
+  # - osx
 julia:
-  - release
-  - nightly
+  - 0.5
 matrix:
  allow_failures:
    - julia: nightly
@@ -3,11 +3,183 @@

 #### notes on release changes, ongoing development, and future planned work

- All new development should target 0.7!
+- All new development should target 0.12!
+- Minor version 0.11 is the last one to support Julia 0.5!!
+	- Critical bugfixes only
+    - `backports` branch is for Julia 0.4

 ---

-## 0.8 (current master/dev)
+## 0.11 (current master/dev)
+
+#### 0.11.3
+
+- add HDF5 backend
+- GR replaces PyPlot as first-choice backend
+- support for legend position in GR
+- smaller markers in GR
+- better viewport size in GR
+- fix glvisualize support
+- remove bug with three-argument method of `text`
+- `legendtitle` attribute added
+- add test for `spy`
+
+#### 0.11.0
+
+- julia 0.6 compatibility
+- matplotlib 0.2.0 compatibility
+- add inspectdr backend
+- improved histogram functionality:
+- added a `:stephist` and `:scatterhist` series type as well as ``:barhist` (the default)
+- support for log scale axes with histograms
+- support for plotting `StatsBase.Histogram`
+- allowing bins to be specified as `:sturges`, `:rice`, `:scott` or :fd
+- allow `normalization` to be specified as :density (for unequal bins) or :pdf (sum to 1)
+- add a `plotattr` function to access documentation for Plots attribute
+- add `fill_z` attribute for pyplot
+- add colorbar_title to plotlyjs
+- enable standalone window for plotlyjs
+- improved support for pgfplots, ticks rotation, clims, series_annotations
+- restore colorbars for GR
+- better axis labels for heatmap in GR
+- better marker sizes in GR
+- fix color representation in GR
+- update GR legend
+- fix image bug on GR
+- fix glvisualize dependencies
+- set dotted grid lines for pyplot
+- several improvements to inspectdr
+- improved tick positions for TimeType x axes
+- support for improved color gradient capability in PlotUtils
+- add a showlibrary recipe to display color libraries
+- add a showgradient recipe to display color gradients
+- add `vectorfield` as an alias for `quiver`
+- use `PlotUtils.adaptedgrid` for functions
+
+
+#### 0.9.5
+
+- added dependency on PlotThemes
+- set_theme --> theme
+- remove Compat from REQUIRE
+- warning for DataFrames without StatPlots
+- closeall exported and implemented for gr/pyplot
+- fix DateTime recipe
+- reset theme with theme(:none)
+- fix link_axes! for nested subplots
+- fix plotly lims for log scale
+
+#### 0.9.4
+
+- optimizations surrounding Subplot.series_list
+- better Atom support, support plotlyjs
+- gr:
+    - gks_wstype defaults and gr_set_output
+    - heatmap uses GR.drawimage
+- histogram2d puts NaN for zeros
+- improved support of NaN in heatmaps
+- rebuilt spy recipes to output scatters with marker_z set
+- deprecate png support in plotly... point to plotlyjs
+- fixes:
+    - axis widen with lims set
+    - reset_extrema, setxyz
+    - bar plot widen
+    - better tick padding
+    - consistent tick rotation
+    - consistent aspect_ratio
+    - pyplot dpi
+    - plotly horizontal bars
+    - handle series attributes when combining subplots
+    - gr images transposed
+    - converted Date/DateTime to new type recipe approach for arrays
+- issues closed include: #505 #513 #479 #523 #526 #529
+
+#### 0.9.3
+
+- support pdf and eps in plotlyjs backend
+- allow curly after grid: `@layout [a b; grid(4,4){0.8h}]`
+- add_backend redesign
+
+#### 0.9.2
+
+- glvisualize backend (@SimonDanisch)
+    - too much to list! ready for alpha testing
+- Volume and volume seriestype
+- Atom: support for PlotPane and proper gui display
+- gr:
+    - clims
+    - aspect ratio
+- pgfplots:
+    - fixes for ticks, axes, and more
+- pyplot:
+    - font families
+    - colorbar guide
+    - pixel marker
+- unicodeplots
+    - basic support for shapes
+- improved add_backend
+- refactor of is_supported methods
+- element-wise type recipes (see https://github.com/tbreloff/Plots.jl/issues/460#issuecomment-248428908)
+- several other fixes/improvements
+
+#### 0.9.1
+
+- Pkg.dir --> dirname (@tkelman)
+- `axis = nothing` magic
+- fixes:
+    - clim for line_z
+    - sticks default range for log scale
+    - rotate method
+    - pyplot heatmap
+    - spurious scale warnings
+    - gr image/alpha
+    - plotly.js path
+    - orientation extrema
+    - bar, reset orientation
+- switch transpose_z to use permutedims
+- skinny x/+ markers
+- ticks in pgfplots
+- eps in savefig (@anriseth)
+- add_backend convenience
+- type recipes for Date/DateTime (@maximsch2)
+- mirror attribute and twinx convenience
+- Axis.sp --> Axis.sps
+- recipe postprocessing for allowing aliases and magic args in recipe bodies
+
+
+
+#### 0.9.0
+
+- fixes to cycle
+- add back single function recipe: `plot!(cos)`
+- new axis formatter attribute... accepts functions to convert numbers to strings
+- fix for inset plots
+- GR:
+	- fillrange fix
+	- annotations fix
+	- force double buffering in display
+
+---
+
+## 0.8
+
+#### 0.8.2 (backported bug fixes for julia 0.4)
+
+- plotly ticks fix
+- unicodeplots size fix
+- remove mkdir call in tests
+
+#### 0.8.1
+
+- manual drawing of axes/ticks/labels
+- get_ticks uses optimize_ticks and Showoff
+- changed PLOTS_DEFAULTS to be a global variable, not ENV key
+- parameterized Segments for pushing tuples
+- fix to axis extrema for Bool/nothing
+- GR:
+	- manually draw 2D axes... fixes several issues and missing features
+	- fontsize fix
+- PGFPlots: pass axis syle

 #### 0.8.0

@@ -204,7 +376,7 @@
 - z-axis keywords
 - 3D indexing overhaul: `push!`, `append!` support
 - matplotlib colormap constants (`:inferno` is the new default colormap for Plots)
- `typealias KW Dict{Symbol,Any}` used in place of splatting in many places
+- `const KW = Dict{Symbol,Any}` used in place of splatting in many places
 - png generation for plotly backend using wkhtmltoimage
 - `normalize` and `weights` keywords
 - background/foreground subcategories for fine-tuning of looks
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Plots

-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/tbreloff/Plots.jl.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/tbreloff/Plots.jl)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/JuliaPlots/Plots.jl.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/JuliaPlots/Plots.jl)
 [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/tbreloff/Plots.jl](https://badges.gitter.im/tbreloff/Plots.jl.svg)](https://gitter.im/tbreloff/Plots.jl?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
 <!-- [![Plots](http://pkg.julialang.org/badges/Plots_0.3.svg)](http://pkg.julialang.org/?pkg=Plots&ver=0.3) -->
 <!-- [![Plots](http://pkg.julialang.org/badges/Plots_0.4.svg)](http://pkg.julialang.org/?pkg=Plots&ver=0.4) -->
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
-julia 0.4
+julia 0.5

 RecipesBase
-PlotUtils
+PlotUtils 0.4.1
+PlotThemes 0.1.3
 Reexport
-Compat
 FixedSizeArrays
+FixedPointNumbers 0.3
 Measures
 Showoff
+StatsBase 0.14.0
+JSON
+NaNMath
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 environment:
  matrix:
-# Releases
-  - JULIAVERSION: "stable/win32"
-  - JULIAVERSION: "stable/win64"
-# Nightlies
-  - JULIAVERSION: "download/win32"
-  - JULIAVERSION: "download/win64"
+  - JULIA_URL: "https://julialang-s3.julialang.org/bin/winnt/x86/0.5/julia-0.5-latest-win32.exe"
+  - JULIA_URL: "https://julialang-s3.julialang.org/bin/winnt/x64/0.5/julia-0.5-latest-win64.exe"
+  - JULIA_URL: "https://julialangnightlies-s3.julialang.org/bin/winnt/x86/julia-latest-win32.exe"
+  - JULIA_URL: "https://julialangnightlies-s3.julialang.org/bin/winnt/x64/julia-latest-win64.exe"

 notifications:
  - provider: Email
@@ -14,8 +12,14 @@ notifications:
    on_build_status_changed: false

 install:
+  - ps: "[System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12"
+# If there's a newer build queued for the same PR, cancel this one
+  - ps: if ($env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER -and $env:APPVEYOR_BUILD_NUMBER -ne ((Invoke-RestMethod `
+        https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/$env:APPVEYOR_ACCOUNT_NAME/$env:APPVEYOR_PROJECT_SLUG/history?recordsNumber=50).builds | `
+        Where-Object pullRequestId -eq $env:APPVEYOR_PULL_REQUEST_NUMBER)[0].buildNumber) { `
+        throw "There are newer queued builds for this pull request, failing early." }
 # Download most recent Julia Windows binary
-  - ps: (new-object net.webclient).DownloadFile($("http://status.julialang.org/"+$env:JULIAVERSION), "C:\projects\julia-binary.exe")
+  - ps: (new-object net.webclient).DownloadFile($env:JULIA_URL, "C:\projects\julia-binary.exe")
 # Run installer silently, output to C:\projects\julia
  - C:\projects\julia-binary.exe /S /D=C:\projects\julia

@@ -26,4 +30,4 @@ build_script:

 test_script:
  # - C:\projects\julia\bin\julia -e "Pkg.test(\"Plots\")"
-  - C:\projects\julia\bin\julia -e "include(Pkg.dir(\"Plots\", \"test\", \"travis_commands.jl\"))"
+  - C:\projects\julia\bin\julia -e "include(Pkg.dir(\"Plots\", \"test\", \"travis_commands.jl\"))"
@@ -1,43 +1,34 @@
-
-__precompile__()
+__precompile__(false)

 module Plots

-using Compat
 using Reexport
-# @reexport using Colors
-# using Requires
 using FixedSizeArrays
@reexport using RecipesBase
 using Base.Meta
@reexport using PlotUtils
+@reexport using PlotThemes
 import Showoff
+import StatsBase

 export
-    AbstractPlot,
-    Plot,
-    Subplot,
-    AbstractLayout,
-    GridLayout,
    grid,
-    EmptyLayout,
    bbox,
    plotarea,
    @layout,
-    AVec,
-    AMat,
    KW,

    wrap,
-    set_theme,
-    add_theme,
+    theme,

    plot,
    plot!,
+    attr!,

    current,
    default,
    with,
+    twinx,

    @userplot,
    @shorthands,
@@ -61,43 +52,43 @@ export
    xaxis!,
    yaxis!,

+    xlims,
+    ylims,
+    zlims,
+
    savefig,
    png,
    gui,
+    inline,
+    closeall,

    backend,
    backends,
    backend_name,
+    backend_object,
+    add_backend,
    aliases,
-    dataframes,

    Shape,
    text,
    font,
-    Axis,
    stroke,
    brush,
    Surface,
    OHLC,
    arrow,
    Segments,
-
-    debugplots,
-
-    supported_args,
-    supported_types,
-    supported_styles,
-    supported_markers,
-    is_subplot_supported,
+    Formatted,

    Animation,
    frame,
    gif,
+    mov,
+    mp4,
+    animate,
    @animate,
    @gif,

-    spy,
-
    test_examples,
    iter_segments,
    coords,
@@ -110,14 +101,26 @@ export
    P2,
    P3,
    BezierCurve,
-    curve_points,
-    directed_curve
+
+    plotattr
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+import NaNMath # define functions that ignores NaNs. To overcome the destructive effects of https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/pull/12563
+ignoreNaN_minimum{F<:AbstractFloat}(x::AbstractArray{F}) = NaNMath.minimum(x)
+ignoreNaN_minimum(x) = Base.minimum(x)
+ignoreNaN_maximum{F<:AbstractFloat}(x::AbstractArray{F}) = NaNMath.maximum(x)
+ignoreNaN_maximum(x) = Base.maximum(x)
+ignoreNaN_mean{F<:AbstractFloat}(x::AbstractArray{F}) = NaNMath.mean(x)
+ignoreNaN_mean(x) = Base.mean(x)
+ignoreNaN_extrema{F<:AbstractFloat}(x::AbstractArray{F}) = NaNMath.extrema(x)
+ignoreNaN_extrema(x) = Base.extrema(x)

 # ---------------------------------------------------------

 import Measures
 import Measures: Length, AbsoluteLength, Measure, BoundingBox, mm, cm, inch, pt, width, height, w, h
-typealias BBox Measures.Absolute2DBox
+const BBox = Measures.Absolute2DBox
 export BBox, BoundingBox, mm, cm, inch, pt, px, pct, w, h

 # ---------------------------------------------------------
@@ -126,7 +129,6 @@ include("types.jl")
 include("utils.jl")
 include("components.jl")
 include("axes.jl")
-include("backends.jl")
 include("args.jl")
 include("themes.jl")
 include("plot.jl")
@@ -139,6 +141,8 @@ include("animation.jl")
 include("output.jl")
 include("examples.jl")
 include("arg_desc.jl")
+include("plotattr.jl")
+include("backends.jl")


 # ---------------------------------------------------------
@@ -157,6 +161,9 @@ end
@shorthands bar
@shorthands barh
@shorthands histogram
+@shorthands barhist
+@shorthands stephist
+@shorthands scatterhist
@shorthands histogram2d
@shorthands density
@shorthands heatmap
@@ -205,28 +212,29 @@ yflip!(flip::Bool = true; kw...)                          = plot!(; yflip = flip
 xaxis!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; xaxis = args, kw...)
 yaxis!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; yaxis = args, kw...)

-title!(plt::Plot, s::AbstractString; kw...)                  = plot!(plt; title = s, kw...)
-xlabel!(plt::Plot, s::AbstractString; kw...)                 = plot!(plt; xlabel = s, kw...)
-ylabel!(plt::Plot, s::AbstractString; kw...)                 = plot!(plt; ylabel = s, kw...)
-xlims!{T<:Real,S<:Real}(plt::Plot, lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...)  = plot!(plt; xlims = lims, kw...)
-ylims!{T<:Real,S<:Real}(plt::Plot, lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...)  = plot!(plt; ylims = lims, kw...)
-zlims!{T<:Real,S<:Real}(plt::Plot, lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...)  = plot!(plt; zlims = lims, kw...)
-xlims!(plt::Plot, xmin::Real, xmax::Real; kw...)                      = plot!(plt; xlims = (xmin,xmax), kw...)
-ylims!(plt::Plot, ymin::Real, ymax::Real; kw...)                      = plot!(plt; ylims = (ymin,ymax), kw...)
-zlims!(plt::Plot, zmin::Real, zmax::Real; kw...)                      = plot!(plt; zlims = (zmin,zmax), kw...)
-xticks!{T<:Real}(plt::Plot, ticks::AVec{T}; kw...)                    = plot!(plt; xticks = ticks, kw...)
-yticks!{T<:Real}(plt::Plot, ticks::AVec{T}; kw...)                    = plot!(plt; yticks = ticks, kw...)
-xticks!{T<:Real,S<:AbstractString}(plt::Plot,
-                          ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...)     = plot!(plt; xticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
-yticks!{T<:Real,S<:AbstractString}(plt::Plot,
-                          ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...)     = plot!(plt; yticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
-annotate!(plt::Plot, anns...; kw...)                                  = plot!(plt; annotation = anns, kw...)
-annotate!{T<:Tuple}(plt::Plot, anns::AVec{T}; kw...)                  = plot!(plt; annotation = anns, kw...)
-xflip!(plt::Plot, flip::Bool = true; kw...)                           = plot!(plt; xflip = flip, kw...)
-yflip!(plt::Plot, flip::Bool = true; kw...)                           = plot!(plt; yflip = flip, kw...)
-xaxis!(plt::Plot, args...; kw...)                                     = plot!(plt; xaxis = args, kw...)
-yaxis!(plt::Plot, args...; kw...)                                     = plot!(plt; yaxis = args, kw...)
-
+let PlotOrSubplot = Union{Plot, Subplot}
+    title!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, s::AbstractString; kw...)                  = plot!(plt; title = s, kw...)
+    xlabel!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, s::AbstractString; kw...)                 = plot!(plt; xlabel = s, kw...)
+    ylabel!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, s::AbstractString; kw...)                 = plot!(plt; ylabel = s, kw...)
+    xlims!{T<:Real,S<:Real}(plt::PlotOrSubplot, lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...)  = plot!(plt; xlims = lims, kw...)
+    ylims!{T<:Real,S<:Real}(plt::PlotOrSubplot, lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...)  = plot!(plt; ylims = lims, kw...)
+    zlims!{T<:Real,S<:Real}(plt::PlotOrSubplot, lims::Tuple{T,S}; kw...)  = plot!(plt; zlims = lims, kw...)
+    xlims!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, xmin::Real, xmax::Real; kw...)             = plot!(plt; xlims = (xmin,xmax), kw...)
+    ylims!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, ymin::Real, ymax::Real; kw...)             = plot!(plt; ylims = (ymin,ymax), kw...)
+    zlims!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, zmin::Real, zmax::Real; kw...)             = plot!(plt; zlims = (zmin,zmax), kw...)
+    xticks!{T<:Real}(plt::PlotOrSubplot, ticks::AVec{T}; kw...)           = plot!(plt; xticks = ticks, kw...)
+    yticks!{T<:Real}(plt::PlotOrSubplot, ticks::AVec{T}; kw...)           = plot!(plt; yticks = ticks, kw...)
+    xticks!{T<:Real,S<:AbstractString}(plt::PlotOrSubplot,
+                              ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...)     = plot!(plt; xticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
+    yticks!{T<:Real,S<:AbstractString}(plt::PlotOrSubplot,
+                              ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...)     = plot!(plt; yticks = (ticks,labels), kw...)
+    annotate!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, anns...; kw...)                         = plot!(plt; annotation = anns, kw...)
+    annotate!{T<:Tuple}(plt::PlotOrSubplot, anns::AVec{T}; kw...)         = plot!(plt; annotation = anns, kw...)
+    xflip!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, flip::Bool = true; kw...)                  = plot!(plt; xflip = flip, kw...)
+    yflip!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, flip::Bool = true; kw...)                  = plot!(plt; yflip = flip, kw...)
+    xaxis!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, args...; kw...)                            = plot!(plt; xaxis = args, kw...)
+    yaxis!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, args...; kw...)                            = plot!(plt; yaxis = args, kw...)
+end


 # ---------------------------------------------------------
@@ -246,11 +254,4 @@ end

 # ---------------------------------------------------------

-# if VERSION >= v"0.4.0-dev+5512"
-#     include("precompile.jl")
-#     _precompile_()
-# end
-
-# ---------------------------------------------------------
-
 end # module
@@ -1,62 +1,110 @@

 immutable Animation
-  dir::Compat.ASCIIString
-  frames::Vector{Compat.ASCIIString}
+    dir::String
+    frames::Vector{String}
 end

 function Animation()
-  tmpdir = convert(Compat.ASCIIString, mktempdir())
-  Animation(tmpdir, Compat.ASCIIString[])
+    tmpdir = convert(String, mktempdir())
+    Animation(tmpdir, String[])
 end

 function frame{P<:AbstractPlot}(anim::Animation, plt::P=current())
-  i = length(anim.frames) + 1
-  filename = @sprintf("%06d.png", i)
-  png(plt, joinpath(anim.dir, filename))
-  push!(anim.frames, filename)
+    i = length(anim.frames) + 1
+    filename = @sprintf("%06d.png", i)
+    png(plt, joinpath(anim.dir, filename))
+    push!(anim.frames, filename)
 end

+giffn() = (isijulia() ? "tmp.gif" : tempname()*".gif")
+movfn() = (isijulia() ? "tmp.mov" : tempname()*".mov")
+mp4fn() = (isijulia() ? "tmp.mp4" : tempname()*".mp4")
+
+type FrameIterator
+    itr
+    every::Int
+    kw
+end
+FrameIterator(itr; every=1, kw...) = FrameIterator(itr, every, kw)
+
+"""
+Animate from an iterator which returns the plot args each iteration.
+"""
+function animate(fitr::FrameIterator, fn = giffn(); kw...)
+    anim = Animation()
+    for (i, plotargs) in enumerate(fitr.itr)
+        if mod1(i, fitr.every) == 1
+            plot(wraptuple(plotargs)...; fitr.kw...)
+            frame(anim)
+        end
+    end
+    gif(anim, fn; kw...)
+end
+
+# most things will implement this
+function animate(obj, fn = giffn(); every=1, fps=20, loop=0, kw...)
+    animate(FrameIterator(obj, every, kw), fn; fps=fps, loop=loop)
+end

 # -----------------------------------------------

 "Wraps the location of an animated gif so that it can be displayed"
 immutable AnimatedGif
-  filename::Compat.ASCIIString
+    filename::String
 end

-function gif(anim::Animation, fn = (isijulia() ? "tmp.gif" : tempname()*".gif"); fps::Integer = 20)
-  fn = abspath(fn)
+file_extension(fn) = Base.Filesystem.splitext(fn)[2][2:end]

-  try
+gif(anim::Animation, fn = giffn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim.dir, fn; kw...)
+mov(anim::Animation, fn = movfn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim.dir, fn; kw...)
+mp4(anim::Animation, fn = mp4fn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim.dir, fn; kw...)

-    # high quality
-    speed = round(Int, 100 / fps)
-    file = joinpath(Pkg.dir("ImageMagick"), "deps","deps.jl")
-    if isfile(file) && !haskey(ENV, "MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH")
-        include(file)
+const _imagemagick_initialized = Ref(false)
+
+function buildanimation(animdir::AbstractString, fn::AbstractString;
+                        fps::Integer = 20, loop::Integer = 0)
+    fn = abspath(fn)
+    try
+        if !_imagemagick_initialized[]
+            file = joinpath(Pkg.dir("ImageMagick"), "deps","deps.jl")
+            if isfile(file) && !haskey(ENV, "MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH")
+                include(file)
+            end
+            _imagemagick_initialized[] = true
+        end
+
+        # prefix = get(ENV, "MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH", "")
+        # high quality
+        speed = round(Int, 100 / fps)
+        run(`convert -delay $speed -loop $loop $(joinpath(animdir, "*.png")) -alpha off $fn`)
+
+    catch err
+        warn("""Tried to create gif using convert (ImageMagick), but got error: $err
+            ImageMagick can be installed by executing `Pkg.add("ImageMagick")`.
+            You may also need to install the imagemagick c++ library through your operating system. 
+            Will try ffmpeg, but it's lower quality...)""")
+
+        # low quality
+        run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -framerate $fps -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -y $fn`)
+        # run(`ffmpeg -v warning -i  "fps=$fps,scale=320:-1:flags=lanczos"`)
    end
-    # prefix = get(ENV, "MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH", "")
-    run(`convert -delay $speed -loop 0 $(joinpath(anim.dir, "*.png")) -alpha off $fn`)

-  catch err
-    warn("""Tried to create gif using convert (ImageMagick), but got error: $err
-    ImageMagick can be installed by executing `Pkg.add("ImageMagick")`
-    Will try ffmpeg, but it's lower quality...)""")
-
-    # low quality
-    run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -framerate $fps -i $(anim.dir)/%06d.png -y $fn`)
-    # run(`ffmpeg -v warning -i  "fps=$fps,scale=320:-1:flags=lanczos"`)
-  end
-
-  info("Saved animation to ", fn)
-  AnimatedGif(fn)
+    info("Saved animation to ", fn)
+    AnimatedGif(fn)
 end



 # write out html to view the gif... note the rand call which is a hack so the image doesn't get cached
-function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", agif::AnimatedGif)
-    write(io, "<img src=\"$(relpath(agif.filename))?$(rand())>\" />")
+function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", agif::AnimatedGif)
+    ext = file_extension(agif.filename)
+    write(io, if ext == "gif"
+        "<img src=\"$(relpath(agif.filename))?$(rand())>\" />"
+    elseif ext in ("mov", "mp4")
+        "<video controls><source src=\"$(relpath(agif.filename))?$(rand())>\" type=\"video/$ext\"></video>"
+    else
+        error("Cannot show animation with extension $ext: $agif")
+    end)
 end


@@ -122,7 +170,7 @@ Example:
 ```
 """
 macro gif(forloop::Expr, args...)
-  _animate(forloop, args...; callgif = true)
+    _animate(forloop, args...; callgif = true)
 end

 """
@@ -131,13 +179,13 @@ Collect one frame per for-block iteration and return an `Animation` object.
 Example:

 ```
-  p = plot(1)
-  anim = @animate for x=0:0.1:5
+p = plot(1)
+anim = @animate for x=0:0.1:5
    push!(p, 1, sin(x))
-  end
-  gif(anim)
+end
+gif(anim)
 ```
 """
 macro animate(forloop::Expr, args...)
-  _animate(forloop, args...)
+    _animate(forloop, args...)
 end
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :markersize        	=> "Number or AbstractVector. Size (radius pixels) of the markers.",
 :markerstrokestyle 	=> "Symbol. Style of the marker stroke (border).  Choose from $(_allStyles)",
 :markerstrokewidth 	=> "Number. Width of the marker stroke (border. in pixels)",
-:markerstrokecolor 	=> "Color Type. Color of the marker stroke (border).  `:match` will take the value from `:seriescolor`.",
+:markerstrokecolor 	=> "Color Type. Color of the marker stroke (border).  `:match` will take the value from `:foreground_color_subplot`.",
 :markerstrokealpha 	=> "Number in [0,1]. The alpha/opacity override for the marker stroke (border).  `nothing` (the default) means it will take the alpha value of markerstrokecolor.",
-:bins              	=> "Integer, NTuple{2,Integer}, AbstractVector. For histogram-types, defines the number of bins, or the edges, of the histogram.",
+:bins              	=> "Integer, NTuple{2,Integer}, AbstractVector or Symbol. Default is :auto. For histogram-types, defines the approximate number of bins to aim for, or the auto-binning algorithm to use (:sturges, :sqrt, :rice, :scott or :fd). For fine-grained control pass a Vector of break values, e.g. `linspace(extrema(x)..., 25)`",
 :smooth            	=> "Bool.  Add a regression line?",
 :group             	=> "AbstractVector. Data is split into a separate series, one for each unique value in `group`.",
 :x                 	=> "Various. Input data. First Dimension",
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :z                 	=> "Various. Input data. Third Dimension. May be wrapped by a `Surface` for surface and heatmap types.",
 :marker_z          	=> "AbstractVector, Function `f(x,y,z) -> z_value`, or nothing. z-values for each series data point, which correspond to the color to be used from a markercolor gradient.",
 :line_z          	=> "AbstractVector, Function `f(x,y,z) -> z_value`, or nothing. z-values for each series line segment, which correspond to the color to be used from a linecolor gradient.  Note that for N points, only the first N-1 values are used (one per line-segment).",
+:fill_z           => "Matrix{Float64} of the same size as z matrix, which specifies the color of the 3D surface; the default value is `nothing`.",
 :levels            	=> "Integer, NTuple{2,Integer}. Number of levels (or x-levels/y-levels) for a contour type.",
 :orientation       	=> "Symbol.  Horizontal or vertical orientation for bar types.  Values `:h`, `:hor`, `:horizontal` correspond to horizontal (sideways, anchored to y-axis), and `:v`, `:vert`, and `:vertical` correspond to vertical (the default).",
 :bar_position      	=> "Symbol.  Choose from `:overlay` (default), `:stack`.  (warning: May not be implemented fully)",
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :ribbon            	=> "Number or AbstractVector.  Creates a fillrange around the data points.",
 :quiver            	=> "AbstractVector or 2-Tuple of vectors.  The directional vectors U,V which specify velocity/gradient vectors for a quiver plot.",
 :arrow             	=> "nothing (no arrows), Bool (if true, default arrows), Arrow object, or arg(s) that could be style or head length/widths.  Defines arrowheads that should be displayed at the end of path line segments (just before a NaN and the last non-NaN point).  Used in quiverplot, streamplot, or similar.",
-:normalize         	=> "Bool. Should normalize histogram types?  Trying for area == 1.",
+:normalize         	=> "Bool or Symbol. Histogram normalization mode. Possible values are: false/:none (no normalization, default), true/:pdf (normalize to a PDF with integral of 1) and :density (only normalize in respect to bin sizes).",
 :weights           	=> "AbstractVector. Used in histogram types for weighted counts.",
 :contours          	=> "Bool. Add contours to the side-grids of 3D plots?  Used in surface/wireframe.",
 :match_dimensions  	=> "Bool. For heatmap types... should the first dimension of a matrix (rows) correspond to the first dimension of the plot (x-axis)?  The default is false, which matches the behavior of Matplotlib, Plotly, and others.  Note: when passing a function for z, the function should still map `(x,y) -> z`.",
@@ -79,19 +80,21 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :foreground_color_title   => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:foreground_color_subplot`). Color of subplot title.",
 :color_palette            => "Vector of colors (cycle through) or color gradient (generate list from gradient) or `:auto` (generate a color list using `Colors.distiguishable_colors` and custom seed colors chosen to contrast with the background).  The color palette is a color list from which series colors are automatically chosen.",
 :legend                   => "Bool (show the legend?) or Symbol (legend position).  Symbol values: `:none`, `:best`, `:right`, `:left`, `:top`, `:bottom`, `:inside`, `:legend`, `:topright`, `:topleft`, `:bottomleft`, `:bottomright` (note: only some may be supported in each backend)",
+:legendtitle              => "String or nothing (default). Sets the legend title.",
 :colorbar                 => "Bool (show the colorbar?) or Symbol (colorbar position).  Symbol values: `:none`, `:best`, `:right`, `:left`, `:top`, `:bottom`, `:legend` (matches legend value) (note: only some may be supported in each backend)",
 :clims 					  => "`:auto` or NTuple{2,Number}.  Fixes the limits of the colorbar.",
 :legendfont               => "Font. Font of legend items.",
 :grid                     => "Bool. Show the grid lines?",
 :annotations              => "(x,y,text) tuple(s).  Can be a single tuple or a list of them.  Text can be String or PlotText (created with `text(args...)`)  Add one-off text annotations at the x,y coordinates.",
 :projection               => "Symbol or String.  '3d' or 'polar'",
-:aspect_ratio             => "Symbol (:equal) or Number (width to height ratio of plot area).",
+:aspect_ratio             => "Symbol (:equal) or Number. Plot area is resized so that 1 y-unit is the same size as `apect_ratio` x-units.",
 :margin                   => "Measure (multiply by `mm`, `px`, etc). Base for individual margins... not directly used.  Specifies the extra padding around subplots.",
 :left_margin              => "Measure (multiply by `mm`, `px`, etc) or `:match` (matches `:margin`).  Specifies the extra padding to the left of the subplot.",
 :top_margin               => "Measure (multiply by `mm`, `px`, etc) or `:match` (matches `:margin`).  Specifies the extra padding on the top of the subplot.",
 :right_margin             => "Measure (multiply by `mm`, `px`, etc) or `:match` (matches `:margin`).  Specifies the extra padding to the right of the subplot.",
 :bottom_margin            => "Measure (multiply by `mm`, `px`, etc) or `:match` (matches `:margin`).  Specifies the extra padding on the bottom of the subplot.",
 :subplot_index            => "Integer.  Internal (not set by user).  Specifies the index of this subplot in the Plot's `plt.subplot` list.",
+:colorbar_title           => "String.  Title of colorbar.",

 # axis args
 :guide     				  => "String. Axis guide (label).",
@@ -100,11 +103,13 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :scale     				  => "Symbol. Scale of the axis: `:none`, `:ln`, `:log2`, `:log10`",
 :rotation  				  => "Number. Degrees rotation of tick labels.",
 :flip      				  => "Bool.  Should we flip (reverse) the axis?",
+:formatter 				  => "Function, :scientific, or :auto. A method which converts a number to a string for tick labeling.",
 :tickfont  				  => "Font. Font of axis tick labels.",
 :guidefont 				  => "Font. Font of axis guide (label).",
 :foreground_color_axis    => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:foreground_color_subplot`). Color of axis ticks.",
 :foreground_color_border  => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:foreground_color_subplot`). Color of plot area border (spines).",
 :foreground_color_text    => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:foreground_color_subplot`). Color of tick labels.",
 :foreground_color_guide   => "Color Type or `:match` (matches `:foreground_color_subplot`). Color of axis guides (axis labels).",
+:mirror                   => "Bool.  Switch the side of the tick labels (right or top).",

 )
@@ -31,15 +31,17 @@ const _axesAliases = Dict{Symbol,Symbol}(
 )

 const _3dTypes = [
-    :path3d, :scatter3d, :surface, :wireframe, :contour3d
+    :path3d, :scatter3d, :surface, :wireframe, :contour3d, :volume
 ]
 const _allTypes = vcat([
    :none, :line, :path, :steppre, :steppost, :sticks, :scatter,
-    :heatmap, :hexbin, :histogram, :histogram2d, :histogram3d, :density, :bar, :hline, :vline,
+    :heatmap, :hexbin, :barbins, :barhist, :histogram, :scatterbins,
+    :scatterhist, :stepbins, :stephist, :bins2d, :histogram2d, :histogram3d,
+    :density, :bar, :hline, :vline,
    :contour, :pie, :shape, :image
 ], _3dTypes)

-@compat const _typeAliases = Dict{Symbol,Symbol}(
+const _typeAliases = Dict{Symbol,Symbol}(
    :n             => :none,
    :no            => :none,
    :l             => :line,
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@ const _allTypes = vcat([
    :polygon       => :shape,
    :box           => :boxplot,
    :velocity      => :quiver,
+    :vectorfield   => :quiver,
    :gradient      => :quiver,
    :img           => :image,
    :imshow        => :image,
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ const _allTypes = vcat([

 add_non_underscore_aliases!(_typeAliases)

-like_histogram(seriestype::Symbol) = seriestype in (:histogram, :density)
+like_histogram(seriestype::Symbol) = seriestype in (:histogram, :barhist, :barbins)
 like_line(seriestype::Symbol)      = seriestype in (:line, :path, :steppre, :steppost)
 like_surface(seriestype::Symbol)   = seriestype in (:contour, :contourf, :contour3d, :heatmap, :surface, :wireframe, :image)

@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@ ispolar(series::Series) = ispolar(series.d[:subplot])
 # ------------------------------------------------------------

 const _allStyles = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
-@compat const _styleAliases = Dict{Symbol,Symbol}(
+const _styleAliases = Dict{Symbol,Symbol}(
    :a    => :auto,
    :s    => :solid,
    :d    => :dash,
@@ -101,7 +104,7 @@ const _allStyles = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
 )

 const _allMarkers = vcat(:none, :auto, _shape_keys) #sort(collect(keys(_shapes))))
-@compat const _markerAliases = Dict{Symbol,Symbol}(
+const _markerAliases = Dict{Symbol,Symbol}(
    :n            => :none,
    :no           => :none,
    :a            => :auto,
@@ -123,9 +126,19 @@ const _allMarkers = vcat(:none, :auto, _shape_keys) #sort(collect(keys(_shapes))
    :dtri         => :dtriangle,
    :downtri      => :dtriangle,
    :downtriangle => :dtriangle,
-    :+            => :cross,
+    :>            => :rtriangle,
+    :rt           => :rtriangle,
+    :rtri         => :rtriangle,
+    :righttri      => :rtriangle,
+    :righttriangle => :rtriangle,
+    :<            => :ltriangle,
+    :lt           => :ltriangle,
+    :ltri         => :ltriangle,
+    :lighttri      => :ltriangle,
+    :lighttriangle => :ltriangle,
+    # :+            => :cross,
    :plus         => :cross,
-    :x            => :xcross,
+    # :x            => :xcross,
    :X            => :xcross,
    :star         => :star5,
    :s            => :star5,
@@ -143,7 +156,9 @@ const _allMarkers = vcat(:none, :auto, _shape_keys) #sort(collect(keys(_shapes))
 )

 const _allScales = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10, :asinh, :sqrt]
-@compat const _scaleAliases = Dict{Symbol,Symbol}(
+const _logScales = [:ln, :log2, :log10]
+const _logScaleBases = Dict(:ln => e, :log2 => 2.0, :log10 => 10.0)
+const _scaleAliases = Dict{Symbol,Symbol}(
    :none => :identity,
    :log  => :log10,
 )
@@ -165,12 +180,12 @@ const _series_defaults = KW(
    :markershape       => :none,
    :markercolor       => :match,
    :markeralpha       => nothing,
-    :markersize        => 6,
+    :markersize        => 4,
    :markerstrokestyle => :solid,
    :markerstrokewidth => 1,
    :markerstrokecolor => :match,
    :markerstrokealpha => nothing,
-    :bins              => 30,        # number of bins for hists
+    :bins              => :auto,        # number of bins for hists
    :smooth            => false,     # regression line?
    :group             => nothing,   # groupby vector
    :x                 => nothing,
@@ -178,6 +193,7 @@ const _series_defaults = KW(
    :z                 => nothing,   # depth for contour, surface, etc
    :marker_z          => nothing,   # value for color scale
    :line_z            => nothing,
+    :fill_z            => nothing,
    :levels            => 15,
    :orientation       => :vertical,
    :bar_position      => :overlay,  # for bar plots and histograms: could also be stack (stack up) or dodge (side by side)
@@ -194,7 +210,7 @@ const _series_defaults = KW(
    :match_dimensions  => false,     # do rows match x (true) or y (false) for heatmap/image/spy? see issue 196
                                     # this ONLY effects whether or not the z-matrix is transposed for a heatmap display!
    :subplot           => :auto,     # which subplot(s) does this series belong to?
-    :series_annotations => [],       # a list of annotations which apply to the coordinates of this series
+    :series_annotations => nothing,       # a list of annotations which apply to the coordinates of this series
    :primary            => true,     # when true, this "counts" as a series for color selection, etc.  the main use is to allow
                                     #     one logical series to be broken up (path and markers, for example)
    :hover              => nothing,  # text to display when hovering over the data points
@@ -235,6 +251,7 @@ const _subplot_defaults = KW(
    :foreground_color_title   => :match,            # title color
    :color_palette            => :auto,
    :legend                   => :best,
+    :legendtitle              => nothing,
    :colorbar                 => :legend,
    :clims                    => :auto,
    :legendfont               => font(8),
@@ -248,6 +265,7 @@ const _subplot_defaults = KW(
    :right_margin             => :match,
    :bottom_margin            => :match,
    :subplot_index            => -1,
+    :colorbar_title           => "",
 )

 const _axis_defaults = KW(
@@ -265,6 +283,8 @@ const _axis_defaults = KW(
    :foreground_color_text   => :match,            # tick text color,
    :foreground_color_guide  => :match,            # guide text color,
    :discrete_values => [],
+    :formatter => :auto,
+    :mirror => false,
 )

 const _suppress_warnings = Set{Symbol}([
@@ -284,22 +304,24 @@ const _suppress_warnings = Set{Symbol}([
 # add defaults for the letter versions
 const _axis_defaults_byletter = KW()
 for letter in (:x,:y,:z)
-    for k in (
-                :guide,
-                :lims,
-                :ticks,
-                :scale,
-                :rotation,
-                :flip,
-                :link,
-                :tickfont,
-                :guidefont,
-                :foreground_color_axis,
-                :foreground_color_border,
-                :foreground_color_text,
-                :foreground_color_guide,
-                :discrete_values
-            )
+    for k in keys(_axis_defaults)
+    # for k in (
+    #             :guide,
+    #             :lims,
+    #             :ticks,
+    #             :scale,
+    #             :rotation,
+    #             :flip,
+    #             :link,
+    #             :tickfont,
+    #             :guidefont,
+    #             :foreground_color_axis,
+    #             :foreground_color_border,
+    #             :foreground_color_text,
+    #             :foreground_color_guide,
+    #             :discrete_values,
+    #             :formatter,
+    #         )
        _axis_defaults_byletter[Symbol(letter,k)] = :match

        # allow the underscore version too: xguide or x_guide
@@ -315,10 +337,8 @@ const _all_defaults = KW[
 ]

 const _all_args = sort(collect(union(map(keys, _all_defaults)...)))
-supported_args(::AbstractBackend) = error("supported_args not defined") #_all_args
-supported_args() = supported_args(backend())

-RecipesBase.is_key_supported(k::Symbol) = (k in supported_args())
+RecipesBase.is_key_supported(k::Symbol) = is_attr_supported(k)

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

@@ -349,13 +369,16 @@ end
 add_aliases(:seriescolor, :c, :color, :colour)
 add_aliases(:linecolor, :lc, :lcolor, :lcolour, :linecolour)
 add_aliases(:markercolor, :mc, :mcolor, :mcolour, :markercolour)
-add_aliases(:markerstokecolor, :msc, :mscolor, :mscolour, :markerstokecolour)
+add_aliases(:markerstrokecolor, :msc, :mscolor, :mscolour, :markerstrokecolour)
+add_aliases(:markerstrokewidth, :msw, :mswidth)
 add_aliases(:fillcolor, :fc, :fcolor, :fcolour, :fillcolour)

 add_aliases(:background_color, :bg, :bgcolor, :bg_color, :background,
                              :background_colour, :bgcolour, :bg_colour)
 add_aliases(:background_color_legend, :bg_legend, :bglegend, :bgcolor_legend, :bg_color_legend, :background_legend,
                              :background_colour_legend, :bgcolour_legend, :bg_colour_legend)
+add_aliases(:background_color_subplot, :bg_subplot, :bgsubplot, :bgcolor_subplot, :bg_color_subplot, :background_subplot,
+                              :background_colour_subplot, :bgcolour_subplot, :bg_colour_subplot)
 add_aliases(:background_color_inside, :bg_inside, :bginside, :bgcolor_inside, :bg_color_inside, :background_inside,
                              :background_colour_inside, :bgcolour_inside, :bg_colour_inside)
 add_aliases(:background_color_outside, :bg_outside, :bgoutside, :bgcolor_outside, :bg_color_outside, :background_outside,
@@ -364,6 +387,8 @@ add_aliases(:foreground_color, :fg, :fgcolor, :fg_color, :foreground,
                            :foreground_colour, :fgcolour, :fg_colour)
 add_aliases(:foreground_color_legend, :fg_legend, :fglegend, :fgcolor_legend, :fg_color_legend, :foreground_legend,
                            :foreground_colour_legend, :fgcolour_legend, :fg_colour_legend)
+add_aliases(:foreground_color_subplot, :fg_subplot, :fgsubplot, :fgcolor_subplot, :fg_color_subplot, :foreground_subplot,
+                            :foreground_colour_subplot, :fgcolour_subplot, :fg_colour_subplot)
 add_aliases(:foreground_color_grid, :fg_grid, :fggrid, :fgcolor_grid, :fg_color_grid, :foreground_grid,
                            :foreground_colour_grid, :fgcolour_grid, :fg_colour_grid, :gridcolor)
 add_aliases(:foreground_color_title, :fg_title, :fgtitle, :fgcolor_title, :fg_color_title, :foreground_title,
@@ -380,7 +405,7 @@ add_aliases(:foreground_color_guide, :fg_guide, :fgguide, :fgcolor_guide, :fg_co
 # alphas
 add_aliases(:seriesalpha, :alpha, :α, :opacity)
 add_aliases(:linealpha, :la, :lalpha, :lα, :lineopacity, :lopacity)
-add_aliases(:makeralpha, :ma, :malpha, :mα, :makeropacity, :mopacity)
+add_aliases(:markeralpha, :ma, :malpha, :mα, :markeropacity, :mopacity)
 add_aliases(:markerstrokealpha, :msa, :msalpha, :msα, :markerstrokeopacity, :msopacity)
 add_aliases(:fillalpha, :fa, :falpha, :fα, :fillopacity, :fopacity)

@@ -413,7 +438,9 @@ add_aliases(:zguide, :zlabel, :zlab, :zl)
 add_aliases(:zlims, :zlim, :zlimit, :zlimits)
 add_aliases(:zticks, :ztick)
 add_aliases(:zrotation, :zrot, :zr)
+add_aliases(:fill_z, :fillz, :fz, :surfacecolor, :surfacecolour, :sc, :surfcolor, :surfcolour)
 add_aliases(:legend, :leg, :key)
+add_aliases(:legendtitle, :legend_title, :labeltitle, :label_title, :leg_title, :key_title)
 add_aliases(:colorbar, :cb, :cbar, :colorkey)
 add_aliases(:clims, :clim, :cbarlims, :cbar_lims, :climits, :color_limits)
 add_aliases(:smooth, :regression, :reg)
@@ -425,14 +452,14 @@ add_aliases(:color_palette, :palette)
 add_aliases(:overwrite_figure, :clf, :clearfig, :overwrite, :reuse)
 add_aliases(:xerror, :xerr, :xerrorbar)
 add_aliases(:yerror, :yerr, :yerrorbar, :err, :errorbar)
-add_aliases(:quiver, :velocity, :quiver2d, :gradient)
+add_aliases(:quiver, :velocity, :quiver2d, :gradient, :vectorfield)
 add_aliases(:normalize, :norm, :normed, :normalized)
 add_aliases(:aspect_ratio, :aspectratio, :axis_ratio, :axisratio, :ratio)
 add_aliases(:match_dimensions, :transpose, :transpose_z)
 add_aliases(:subplot, :sp, :subplt, :splt)
 add_aliases(:projection, :proj)
 add_aliases(:title_location, :title_loc, :titleloc, :title_position, :title_pos, :titlepos, :titleposition, :title_align, :title_alignment)
-add_aliases(:series_annotations, :series_ann, :seriesann, :series_anns, :seriesanns, :series_annotation)
+add_aliases(:series_annotations, :series_ann, :seriesann, :series_anns, :seriesanns, :series_annotation, :text, :txt, :texts, :txts)
 add_aliases(:html_output_format, :format, :fmt, :html_format)
 add_aliases(:orientation, :direction, :dir)
 add_aliases(:inset_subplots, :inset, :floating)
@@ -453,6 +480,7 @@ end
 `default(key)` returns the current default value for that key
 `default(key, value)` sets the current default value for that key
 `default(; kw...)` will set the current default value for each key/value pair
+`default(d, key)` returns the key from d if it exists, otherwise `default(key)`
 """

 function default(k::Symbol)
@@ -489,6 +517,11 @@ function default(; kw...)
    end
 end

+function default(d::KW, k::Symbol)
+    get(d, k, default(k))
+end
+
+

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

@@ -604,7 +637,7 @@ function processFillArg(d::KW, arg)
        d[:fillrange] = arg
    end
    # d[:fillrange] = fr
-    return    
+    return
 end

 _replace_markershape(shape::Symbol) = get(_markerAliases, shape, shape)
@@ -624,6 +657,21 @@ end
 function preprocessArgs!(d::KW)
    replaceAliases!(d, _keyAliases)

+    # clear all axis stuff
+    if haskey(d, :axis) && d[:axis] in (:none, nothing, false)
+        d[:ticks] = nothing
+        d[:foreground_color_border] = RGBA(0,0,0,0)
+        d[:grid] = false
+        delete!(d, :axis)
+    end
+    # for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
+    #     asym = Symbol(letter, :axis)
+    #     if haskey(d, asym) || d[asym] in (:none, nothing, false)
+    #         d[Symbol(letter, :ticks)] = nothing
+    #         d[Symbol(letter, :foreground_color_border)] = RGBA(0,0,0,0)
+    #     end
+    # end
+
    # handle axis args
    for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
        asym = Symbol(letter, :axis)
@@ -663,13 +711,18 @@ function preprocessArgs!(d::KW)
    end
    delete!(d, :fill)

+    # handle series annotations
+    if haskey(d, :series_annotations)
+        d[:series_annotations] = series_annotations(wraptuple(d[:series_annotations])...)
+    end
+
  # convert into strokes and brushes

    if haskey(d, :arrow)
        a = d[:arrow]
        d[:arrow] = if a == true
            arrow()
-        elseif a == false
+        elseif a in (false, nothing, :none)
            nothing
        elseif !(typeof(a) <: Arrow)
            arrow(wraptuple(a)...)
@@ -679,9 +732,9 @@ function preprocessArgs!(d::KW)
    end


-    if get(d, :arrow, false) == true
-        d[:arrow] = arrow()
-    end
+    # if get(d, :arrow, false) == true
+    #     d[:arrow] = arrow()
+    # end

    # legends
    if haskey(d, :legend)
@@ -747,43 +800,51 @@ end

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-const _already_warned = Set()
+const _already_warned = Dict{Symbol,Set{Symbol}}()
+const _to_warn = Set{Symbol}()

 function warnOnUnsupported_args(pkg::AbstractBackend, d::KW)
-    for k in sortedkeys(d)
-        k in supported_args(pkg) && continue
+    empty!(_to_warn)
+    bend = backend_name(pkg)
+    already_warned = get!(_already_warned, bend, Set{Symbol}())
+    for k in keys(d)
+        is_attr_supported(pkg, k) && continue
        k in _suppress_warnings && continue
        if d[k] != default(k)
-            if !((pkg, k) in _already_warned)
-                push!(_already_warned, (pkg,k))
-                warn("Keyword argument $k not supported with $pkg.  Choose from: $(supported_args(pkg))")
-            end
+            k in already_warned || push!(_to_warn, k)
+        end
+    end
+
+    if !isempty(_to_warn)
+        for k in sort(collect(_to_warn))
+            push!(already_warned, k)
+            warn("Keyword argument $k not supported with $pkg.  Choose from: $(supported_attrs(pkg))")
        end
    end
 end

-_markershape_supported(pkg::AbstractBackend, shape::Symbol) = shape in supported_markers(pkg)
-_markershape_supported(pkg::AbstractBackend, shape::Shape) = Shape in supported_markers(pkg)
-_markershape_supported(pkg::AbstractBackend, shapes::AVec) = all([_markershape_supported(pkg, shape) for shape in shapes])
+# _markershape_supported(pkg::AbstractBackend, shape::Symbol) = shape in supported_markers(pkg)
+# _markershape_supported(pkg::AbstractBackend, shape::Shape) = Shape in supported_markers(pkg)
+# _markershape_supported(pkg::AbstractBackend, shapes::AVec) = all([_markershape_supported(pkg, shape) for shape in shapes])

 function warnOnUnsupported(pkg::AbstractBackend, d::KW)
-    (d[:seriestype] == :none
-        || d[:seriestype] in supported_types(pkg)
-        || warn("seriestype $(d[:seriestype]) is unsupported with $pkg.  Choose from: $(supported_types(pkg))"))
-    (d[:linestyle] in supported_styles(pkg)
-        || warn("linestyle $(d[:linestyle]) is unsupported with $pkg.  Choose from: $(supported_styles(pkg))"))
-    (d[:markershape] == :none
-        || _markershape_supported(pkg, d[:markershape])
-        || warn("markershape $(d[:markershape]) is unsupported with $pkg.  Choose from: $(supported_markers(pkg))"))
+    if !is_seriestype_supported(pkg, d[:seriestype])
+        warn("seriestype $(d[:seriestype]) is unsupported with $pkg.  Choose from: $(supported_seriestypes(pkg))")
+    end
+    if !is_style_supported(pkg, d[:linestyle])
+        warn("linestyle $(d[:linestyle]) is unsupported with $pkg.  Choose from: $(supported_styles(pkg))")
+    end
+    if !is_marker_supported(pkg, d[:markershape])
+        warn("markershape $(d[:markershape]) is unsupported with $pkg.  Choose from: $(supported_markers(pkg))")
+    end
 end

 function warnOnUnsupported_scales(pkg::AbstractBackend, d::KW)
    for k in (:xscale, :yscale, :zscale, :scale)
        if haskey(d, k)
            v = d[k]
-            v = get(_scaleAliases, v, v)
-            if !(v in supported_scales(pkg))
-                warn("scale $(d[k]) is unsupported with $pkg.  Choose from: $(supported_scales(pkg))")
+            if !is_scale_supported(pkg, v)
+                warn("scale $v is unsupported with $pkg.  Choose from: $(supported_scales(pkg))")
            end
        end
    end
@@ -805,6 +866,7 @@ function convertLegendValue(val::Symbol)
 end
 convertLegendValue(val::Bool) = val ? :best : :none
 convertLegendValue(val::Void) = :none
+convertLegendValue{S<:Real, T<:Real}(v::Tuple{S,T}) = v
 convertLegendValue(v::AbstractArray) = map(convertLegendValue, v)

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -922,7 +984,7 @@ function Base.getindex(axis::Axis, k::Symbol)
    v = axis.d[k]
    if v == :match
        if haskey(_match_map2, k)
-            axis.sp[_match_map2[k]]
+            axis.sps[1][_match_map2[k]]
        else
            axis[_match_map[k]]
        end
@@ -948,6 +1010,27 @@ Base.get(series::Series, k::Symbol, v) = get(series.d, k, v)

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

+function fg_color(d::KW)
+    fg = default(d, :foreground_color)
+    if fg == :auto
+        bg = plot_color(default(d, :background_color))
+        fg = isdark(bg) ? colorant"white" : colorant"black"
+    else
+        plot_color(fg)
+    end
+end
+
+function fg_color_sp(d::KW)
+    fgsp = default(d, :foreground_color_subplot)
+    if fg == :match
+        fg_color(d)
+    else
+        plot_color(fgsp)
+    end
+end
+
+
+
 # update attr from an input dictionary
 function _update_plot_args(plt::Plot, d_in::KW)
    for (k,v) in _plot_defaults
@@ -955,21 +1038,30 @@ function _update_plot_args(plt::Plot, d_in::KW)
    end

    # handle colors
-    bg = plot_color(plt.attr[:background_color])
-    fg = plt.attr[:foreground_color]
-    if fg == :auto
-        fg = isdark(bg) ? colorant"white" : colorant"black"
-    end
-    plt.attr[:background_color] = bg
-    plt.attr[:foreground_color] = plot_color(fg)
+    d = plt.attr
+    plt[:background_color] = plot_color(d[:background_color])
+    plt[:foreground_color] = fg_color(d)
+    # bg = plot_color(plt.attr[:background_color])
+    # fg = plt.attr[:foreground_color]
+    # if fg == :auto
+    #     fg = isdark(bg) ? colorant"white" : colorant"black"
+    # end
+    # plt.attr[:background_color] = bg
+    # plt.attr[:foreground_color] = plot_color(fg)
    color_or_nothing!(plt.attr, :background_color_outside)
 end

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 function _update_subplot_periphery(sp::Subplot, anns::AVec)
-    # extend annotations
-    sp.attr[:annotations] = vcat(anns, sp[:annotations])
+    # extend annotations, and ensure we always have a (x,y,PlotText) tuple
+    newanns = vcat(anns, sp[:annotations])
+    for (i,ann) in enumerate(newanns)
+        x,y,tmp = ann
+        ptxt = isa(tmp, PlotText) ? tmp : text(tmp)
+        newanns[i] = (x,y,ptxt)
+    end
+    sp.attr[:annotations] = newanns

    # handle legend/colorbar
    sp.attr[:legend] = convertLegendValue(sp.attr[:legend])
@@ -1033,7 +1125,7 @@ function _update_axis(axis::Axis, d_in::KW, letter::Symbol, subplot_index::Int)
    end

    # update the axis
-    update!(axis, args...; kw...)
+    attr!(axis, args...; kw...)
    return
 end

@@ -1088,6 +1180,8 @@ end
 function getSeriesRGBColor(c, α, sp::Subplot, n::Int)
    if c == :auto
        c = autopick(sp[:color_palette], n)
+    elseif isa(c, Int)
+        c = autopick(sp[:color_palette], c)
    end
    plot_color(c, α)
 end
@@ -1115,7 +1209,14 @@ function _add_defaults!(d::KW, plt::Plot, sp::Subplot, commandIndex::Int)
    end

    # this is how many series belong to this subplot
-    plotIndex = count(series -> series.d[:subplot] === sp && series.d[:primary], plt.series_list)
+    # plotIndex = count(series -> series.d[:subplot] === sp && series.d[:primary], plt.series_list)
+    plotIndex = 0
+    for series in sp.series_list
+        if series[:primary]
+            plotIndex += 1
+        end
+    end
+    # plotIndex = count(series -> series[:primary], sp.series_list)
    if get(d, :primary, true)
        plotIndex += 1
    end
@@ -1166,7 +1267,7 @@ function _add_defaults!(d::KW, plt::Plot, sp::Subplot, commandIndex::Int)
    end

    # scatter plots don't have a line, but must have a shape
-    if d[:seriestype] in (:scatter, :scatter3d)
+    if d[:seriestype] in (:scatter, :scatterbins, :scatterhist, :scatter3d)
        d[:linewidth] = 0
        if d[:markershape] == :none
            d[:markershape] = :circle
@@ -1181,4 +1282,3 @@ function _add_defaults!(d::KW, plt::Plot, sp::Subplot, commandIndex::Int)
    _replace_linewidth(d)
    d
 end
-
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ function Axis(sp::Subplot, letter::Symbol, args...; kw...)
        lk = Symbol(letter, k)
        lv = _axis_defaults_byletter[lk]
        d[k] = (lv == :match ? v : lv)
-    end     
+    end

    # merge!(d, _axis_defaults)
    d[:discrete_values] = []

    # update the defaults
-    update!(Axis(sp, d), args...; kw...)
+    attr!(Axis([sp], d), args...; kw...)
 end

 function get_axis(sp::Subplot, letter::Symbol)
@@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ function process_axis_arg!(d::KW, arg, letter = "")
    elseif typeof(arg) <: Number
        d[Symbol(letter,:rotation)] = arg

+    elseif typeof(arg) <: Function
+        d[Symbol(letter,:formatter)] = arg
+
    else
        warn("Skipped $(letter)axis arg $arg")

@@ -80,7 +83,7 @@ function process_axis_arg!(d::KW, arg, letter = "")
 end

 # update an Axis object with magic args and keywords
-function update!(axis::Axis, args...; kw...)
+function attr!(axis::Axis, args...; kw...)
    # first process args
    d = axis.d
    for arg in args
@@ -115,7 +118,7 @@ Base.show(io::IO, axis::Axis) = dumpdict(axis.d, "Axis", true)
 # Base.getindex(axis::Axis, k::Symbol) = getindex(axis.d, k)
 Base.setindex!(axis::Axis, v, ks::Symbol...) = setindex!(axis.d, v, ks...)
 Base.haskey(axis::Axis, k::Symbol) = haskey(axis.d, k)
-Base.extrema(axis::Axis) = (ex = axis[:extrema]; (ex.emin, ex.emax))
+ignoreNaN_extrema(axis::Axis) = (ex = axis[:extrema]; (ex.emin, ex.emax))


 const _scale_funcs = Dict{Symbol,Function}(
@@ -129,6 +132,12 @@ const _inv_scale_funcs = Dict{Symbol,Function}(
    :ln => exp,
 )

+# const _label_func = Dict{Symbol,Function}(
+#     :log10 => x -> "10^$x",
+#     :log2 => x -> "2^$x",
+#     :ln => x -> "e^$x",
+# )
+
 const _label_func = Dict{Symbol,Function}(
    :log10 => x -> "10^$x",
    :log2 => x -> "2^$x",
@@ -141,41 +150,68 @@ invscalefunc(scale::Symbol) = x -> get(_inv_scale_funcs, scale, identity)(Float6
 labelfunc(scale::Symbol, backend::AbstractBackend) = get(_label_func, scale, string)

 function optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis::Axis, ticks = nothing)
-    lims = axis_limits(axis)
+    amin,amax = axis_limits(axis)

    # scale the limits
    scale = axis[:scale]
-    scaled_lims = map(scalefunc(scale), lims)
-    # @show lims scaled_lims
+    sf = scalefunc(scale)
+
+    # If the axis input was a Date or DateTime use a special logic to find
+    # "round" Date(Time)s as ticks
+    # This bypasses the rest of optimal_ticks_and_labels, because
+    # optimize_datetime_ticks returns ticks AND labels: the label format (Date
+    # or DateTime) is chosen based on the time span between amin and amax
+    # rather than on the input format
+    # TODO: maybe: non-trivial scale (:ln, :log2, :log10) for date/datetime
+    if ticks == nothing && scale == :identity
+        if axis[:formatter] == dateformatter
+            # optimize_datetime_ticks returns ticks and labels(!) based on
+            # integers/floats corresponding to the DateTime type. Thus, the axes
+            # limits, which resulted from converting the Date type to integers,
+            # are converted to 'DateTime integers' (actually floats) before
+            # being passed to optimize_datetime_ticks.
+            # (convert(Int, convert(DateTime, convert(Date, i))) == 87600000*i)
+            ticks, labels = optimize_datetime_ticks(864e5 * amin, 864e5 * amax;
+                k_min = 2, k_max = 4)
+            # Now the ticks are converted back to floats corresponding to Dates.
+            return ticks / 864e5, labels
+        elseif axis[:formatter] == datetimeformatter
+            return optimize_datetime_ticks(amin, amax; k_min = 2, k_max = 4)
+        end
+    end

    # get a list of well-laid-out ticks
-    cv = if ticks == nothing
-        optimize_ticks(scaled_lims...,
+    scaled_ticks = if ticks == nothing
+        optimize_ticks(
+            sf(amin),
+            sf(amax);
            k_min = 5, # minimum number of ticks
            k_max = 8, # maximum number of ticks
-            # span_buffer = 0.0 # padding buffer in case nice ticks are closeby
        )[1]
    else
-        ticks
+        map(sf, filter(t -> amin <= t <= amax, ticks))
    end
+    unscaled_ticks = map(invscalefunc(scale), scaled_ticks)

-    # # expand to ensure we see all the ticks
-    # expand_extrema!(axis, cv)
-
-    # rescale and return values and labels
-    # @show cv
-    ticklabels = if any(isfinite, cv)
-        map(labelfunc(scale, backend()), Showoff.showoff(cv, :plain))
+    labels = if any(isfinite, unscaled_ticks)
+        formatter = axis[:formatter]
+        if formatter == :auto
+            # the default behavior is to make strings of the scaled values and then apply the labelfunc
+            map(labelfunc(scale, backend()), Showoff.showoff(scaled_ticks, :plain))
+        elseif formatter == :scientific
+            Showoff.showoff(unscaled_ticks, :scientific)
+        else
+            # there was an override for the formatter... use that on the unscaled ticks
+            map(formatter, unscaled_ticks)
+        end
    else
-        UTF8String[]
+        # no finite ticks to show...
+        String[]
    end

-    tickvals = map(invscalefunc(scale), cv)
-    # @show tickvals ticklabels
-    # ticklabels = Showoff.showoff(tickvals, scale == :log10 ? :scientific : :auto)
-    tickvals, ticklabels
-    # basestr = scale == :log10 ? "10^" : scale == :log2 ? "2^" : scale == :ln ? "e^" : ""
-    # tickvals, ["$basestr$cvi" for cvi in cv]
+    # @show unscaled_ticks labels
+    # labels = Showoff.showoff(unscaled_ticks, scale == :log10 ? :scientific : :auto)
+    unscaled_ticks, labels
 end

 # return (continuous_values, discrete_values) for the ticks on this axis
@@ -193,7 +229,7 @@ function get_ticks(axis::Axis)
    elseif typeof(ticks) <: AVec
        # override ticks, but get the labels
        optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis, ticks)
-    elseif typeof(ticks) <: NTuple{2}
+    elseif typeof(ticks) <: NTuple{2, Any}
        # assuming we're passed (ticks, labels)
        ticks
    else
@@ -202,7 +238,7 @@ function get_ticks(axis::Axis)
    # @show ticks dvals cv dv

    # TODO: better/smarter cutoff values for sampling ticks
-    if length(cv) > 30
+    if length(cv) > 30 && ticks == :auto
        rng = Int[round(Int,i) for i in linspace(1, length(cv), 15)]
        cv[rng], dv[rng]
    else
@@ -212,9 +248,20 @@ end

 # -------------------------------------------------------------------------

+
+function reset_extrema!(sp::Subplot)
+    for asym in (:x,:y,:z)
+        sp[Symbol(asym,:axis)][:extrema] = Extrema()
+    end
+    for series in sp.series_list
+        expand_extrema!(sp, series.d)
+    end
+end
+
+
 function expand_extrema!(ex::Extrema, v::Number)
-    ex.emin = min(v, ex.emin)
-    ex.emax = max(v, ex.emax)
+    ex.emin = NaNMath.min(v, ex.emin)
+    ex.emax = NaNMath.max(v, ex.emax)
    ex
 end

@@ -229,8 +276,8 @@ expand_extrema!(axis::Axis, ::Bool) = axis[:extrema]

 function expand_extrema!{MIN<:Number,MAX<:Number}(axis::Axis, v::Tuple{MIN,MAX})
    ex = axis[:extrema]
-    ex.emin = min(v[1], ex.emin)
-    ex.emax = max(v[2], ex.emax)
+    ex.emin = NaNMath.min(v[1], ex.emin)
+    ex.emax = NaNMath.max(v[2], ex.emax)
    ex
 end
 function expand_extrema!{N<:Number}(axis::Axis, v::AVec{N})
@@ -243,11 +290,22 @@ end


 function expand_extrema!(sp::Subplot, d::KW)
+    vert = isvertical(d)
+
    # first expand for the data
    for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
-        data = d[letter]
-        axis = sp.attr[Symbol(letter, "axis")]
-        if eltype(data) <: Number || (isa(data, Surface) && all(di -> isa(di, Number), data.surf))
+        data = d[if vert
+            letter
+        else
+            letter == :x ? :y : letter == :y ? :x : :z
+        end]
+        axis = sp[Symbol(letter, "axis")]
+
+        if isa(data, Volume)
+            expand_extrema!(sp[:xaxis], data.x_extents)
+            expand_extrema!(sp[:yaxis], data.y_extents)
+            expand_extrema!(sp[:zaxis], data.z_extents)
+        elseif eltype(data) <: Number || (isa(data, Surface) && all(di -> isa(di, Number), data.surf))
            if !(eltype(data) <: Number)
                # huh... must have been a mis-typed surface? lets swap it out
                data = d[letter] = Surface(Matrix{Float64}(data.surf))
@@ -269,7 +327,6 @@ function expand_extrema!(sp::Subplot, d::KW)
    # end

    # expand for fillrange
-    vert = isvertical(d)
    fr = d[:fillrange]
    if fr == nothing && d[:seriestype] == :bar
        fr = 0.0
@@ -292,13 +349,11 @@ function expand_extrema!(sp::Subplot, d::KW)

        bw = d[:bar_width]
        if bw == nothing
-            bw = d[:bar_width] = mean(diff(data))
+            bw = d[:bar_width] = ignoreNaN_mean(diff(data))
        end
-        # @show data bw
-
        axis = sp.attr[Symbol(dsym, :axis)]
-        expand_extrema!(axis, maximum(data) + 0.5maximum(bw))
-        expand_extrema!(axis, minimum(data) - 0.5minimum(bw))
+        expand_extrema!(axis, ignoreNaN_maximum(data) + 0.5maximum(bw))
+        expand_extrema!(axis, ignoreNaN_minimum(data) - 0.5minimum(bw))
    end

 end
@@ -313,8 +368,8 @@ end
 # push the limits out slightly
 function widen(lmin, lmax)
    span = lmax - lmin
-    # eps = max(1e-16, min(1e-2span, 1e-10))
-    eps = max(1e-16, 0.03span)
+    # eps = NaNMath.max(1e-16, min(1e-2span, 1e-10))
+    eps = NaNMath.max(1e-16, 0.03span)
    lmin-eps, lmax+eps
 end

@@ -322,10 +377,12 @@ end
 # so lazy out and don't widen
 function default_should_widen(axis::Axis)
    should_widen = false
-    if axis[:scale] == :identity
-        for series in series_list(axis.sp)
-            if series.d[:seriestype] in (:scatter,) || series.d[:markershape] != :none
-                should_widen = true
+    if axis[:scale] == :identity && !is_2tuple(axis[:lims])
+        for sp in axis.sps
+            for series in series_list(sp)
+                if series.d[:seriestype] in (:scatter,) || series.d[:markershape] != :none
+                    should_widen = true
+                end
            end
        end
    end
@@ -348,6 +405,9 @@ function axis_limits(axis::Axis, should_widen::Bool = default_should_widen(axis)
    if amax <= amin && isfinite(amin)
        amax = amin + 1.0
    end
+    if !isfinite(amin) && !isfinite(amax)
+        amin, amax = 0.0, 1.0
+    end
    if should_widen
        widen(amin, amax)
    else
@@ -365,7 +425,7 @@ function discrete_value!(axis::Axis, dv)
    # @show axis[:discrete_map], axis[:discrete_values], dv
    if cv_idx == -1
        ex = axis[:extrema]
-        cv = max(0.5, ex.emax + 1.0)
+        cv = NaNMath.max(0.5, ex.emax + 1.0)
        expand_extrema!(axis, cv)
        push!(axis[:discrete_values], dv)
        push!(axis[:continuous_values], cv)
@@ -440,11 +500,11 @@ function axis_drawing_info(sp::Subplot)
        t2 = invf(f(ymax) - 0.015*(f(ymax)-f(ymin)))

        push!(spine_segs, (xmin,ymin), (xmax,ymin)) # bottom spine
-        push!(spine_segs, (xmin,ymax), (xmax,ymax)) # top spine
+        # push!(spine_segs, (xmin,ymax), (xmax,ymax)) # top spine
        for xtick in xticks[1]
            push!(spine_segs, (xtick, ymin), (xtick, t1)) # bottom tick
            push!(grid_segs,  (xtick, t1),   (xtick, t2)) # vertical grid
-            push!(spine_segs, (xtick, ymax), (xtick, t2)) # top tick
+            # push!(spine_segs, (xtick, ymax), (xtick, t2)) # top tick
        end
    end

@@ -455,14 +515,13 @@ function axis_drawing_info(sp::Subplot)
        t2 = invf(f(xmax) - 0.015*(f(xmax)-f(xmin)))

        push!(spine_segs, (xmin,ymin), (xmin,ymax)) # left spine
-        push!(spine_segs, (xmax,ymin), (xmax,ymax)) # right spine
+        # push!(spine_segs, (xmax,ymin), (xmax,ymax)) # right spine
        for ytick in yticks[1]
            push!(spine_segs, (xmin, ytick), (t1, ytick)) # left tick
            push!(grid_segs,  (t1, ytick),   (t2, ytick)) # horizontal grid
-            push!(spine_segs, (xmax, ytick), (t2, ytick)) # right tick
+            # push!(spine_segs, (xmax, ytick), (t2, ytick)) # right tick
        end
    end

    xticks, yticks, spine_segs, grid_segs
 end
-
@@ -26,24 +26,18 @@ macro init_backend(s)
    end)
 end

-@init_backend Immerse
-@init_backend Gadfly
-@init_backend PyPlot
-@init_backend Qwt
-@init_backend UnicodePlots
-@init_backend Winston
-@init_backend Bokeh
-@init_backend Plotly
-@init_backend PlotlyJS
-@init_backend GR
-@init_backend GLVisualize
-@init_backend PGFPlots
-
 include("backends/web.jl")
 # include("backends/supported.jl")

 # ---------------------------------------------------------

+function add_backend(pkg::Symbol)
+    info("To do a standard install of $pkg, copy and run this:\n\n")
+    println(add_backend_string(_backend_instance(pkg)))
+    println()
+end
+add_backend_string(b::AbstractBackend) = warn("No custom install defined for $(backend_name(b))")
+
 # don't do anything as a default
 _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot) = nothing
 _prepare_plot_object(plt::Plot) = nothing
@@ -57,15 +51,46 @@ _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot) = nothing
 title_padding(sp::Subplot) = sp[:title] == "" ? 0mm : sp[:titlefont].pointsize * pt
 guide_padding(axis::Axis) = axis[:guide] == "" ? 0mm : axis[:guidefont].pointsize * pt

-# TODO: this should account for both tick font and the size/length/rotation of tick labels
+"Returns the (width,height) of a text label."
+function text_size(lablen::Int, sz::Number, rot::Number = 0)
+    # we need to compute the size of the ticks generically
+    # this means computing the bounding box and then getting the width/height
+    # note:
+    ptsz = sz * pt
+    width = 0.8lablen * ptsz
+
+    # now compute the generalized "height" after rotation as the "opposite+adjacent" of 2 triangles
+    height = abs(sind(rot)) * width + abs(cosd(rot)) * ptsz
+    width = abs(sind(rot+90)) * width + abs(cosd(rot+90)) * ptsz
+    width, height
+end
+text_size(lab::AbstractString, sz::Number, rot::Number = 0) = text_size(length(lab), sz, rot)
+
+# account for the size/length/rotation of tick labels
 function tick_padding(axis::Axis)
-    ptsz = axis[:tickfont].pointsize * pt
-    if axis[:ticks] in (nothing,false)
+    ticks = get_ticks(axis)
+    if ticks == nothing
        0mm
-    elseif axis[:letter] == :x
-        2mm + ptsz
    else
-        8mm
+        vals, labs = ticks
+        isempty(labs) && return 0mm
+        # ptsz = axis[:tickfont].pointsize * pt
+        longest_label = maximum(length(lab) for lab in labs)
+
+        # generalize by "rotating" y labels
+        rot = axis[:rotation] + (axis[:letter] == :y ? 90 : 0)
+
+        # # we need to compute the size of the ticks generically
+        # # this means computing the bounding box and then getting the width/height
+        # labelwidth = 0.8longest_label * ptsz
+        #
+        #
+        # # now compute the generalized "height" after rotation as the "opposite+adjacent" of 2 triangles
+        # hgt = abs(sind(rot)) * labelwidth + abs(cosd(rot)) * ptsz + 1mm
+        # hgt
+
+        # get the height of the rotated label
+        text_size(longest_label, axis[:tickfont].pointsize, rot)[2]
    end
 end

@@ -77,6 +102,15 @@ function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot)
    toppad    = sp[:top_margin]    + title_padding(sp)
    rightpad  = sp[:right_margin]
    bottompad = tick_padding(sp[:xaxis]) + sp[:bottom_margin] + guide_padding(sp[:xaxis])
+
+    # switch them?
+    if sp[:xaxis][:mirror]
+        bottompad, toppad = toppad, bottompad
+    end
+    if sp[:yaxis][:mirror]
+        leftpad, rightpad = rightpad, leftpad
+    end
+
    # @show (leftpad, toppad, rightpad, bottompad)
    sp.minpad = (leftpad, toppad, rightpad, bottompad)
 end
@@ -114,7 +148,7 @@ function pickDefaultBackend()
    # the ordering/inclusion of this package list is my semi-arbitrary guess at
    # which one someone will want to use if they have the package installed...accounting for
    # features, speed, and robustness
-    for pkgstr in ("PyPlot", "GR", "PlotlyJS", "Immerse", "Gadfly", "UnicodePlots")
+    for pkgstr in ("GR", "PyPlot", "PlotlyJS", "PGFPlots", "UnicodePlots", "InspectDR", "GLVisualize")
        if Pkg.installed(pkgstr) != nothing
            return backend(Symbol(lowercase(pkgstr)))
        end
@@ -140,14 +174,15 @@ function backend()
  sym = CURRENT_BACKEND.sym
  if !(sym in _initialized_backends)

-    # initialize
-    println("[Plots.jl] Initializing backend: ", sym)
+    # # initialize
+    # println("[Plots.jl] Initializing backend: ", sym)

    inst = _backend_instance(sym)
    try
      _initialize_backend(inst)
    catch err
      warn("Couldn't initialize $sym.  (might need to install it?)")
+      add_backend(sym)
      rethrow(err)
    end

@@ -164,12 +199,14 @@ function backend(pkg::AbstractBackend)
    CURRENT_BACKEND.sym = backend_name(pkg)
    warn_on_deprecated_backend(CURRENT_BACKEND.sym)
    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = pkg
+    backend()
 end

 function backend(modname::Symbol)
    warn_on_deprecated_backend(modname)
    CURRENT_BACKEND.sym = modname
    CURRENT_BACKEND.pkg = _backend_instance(modname)
+    backend()
 end

 const _deprecated_backends = [:qwt, :winston, :bokeh, :gadfly, :immerse]
@@ -180,23 +217,7 @@ function warn_on_deprecated_backend(bsym::Symbol)
    end
 end

-# ---------------------------------------------------------

-supported_types(::AbstractBackend) = []
-supported_styles(::AbstractBackend) = [:solid]
-supported_markers(::AbstractBackend) = [:none]
-supported_scales(::AbstractBackend) = [:identity]
-is_subplot_supported(::AbstractBackend) = false
-is_string_supported(::AbstractBackend) = false
-nativeImagesSupported(b::AbstractBackend) = :image in supported_types(b)
-
-supported_types() = supported_types(backend())
-supported_styles() = supported_styles(backend())
-supported_markers() = supported_markers(backend())
-supported_scales() = supported_scales(backend())
-is_subplot_supported() = is_subplot_supported(backend())
-is_string_supported() = is_string_supported(backend())
-nativeImagesSupported() = nativeImagesSupported(backend())

 # ---------------------------------------------------------

@@ -226,7 +247,7 @@ const _base_supported_args = [
    :subplot_index,
    :discrete_values,
    :projection,
-    
+
 ]

 function merge_with_base_supported(v::AVec)
@@ -238,5 +259,49 @@ function merge_with_base_supported(v::AVec)
            end
        end
    end
-    v
+    Set(v)
 end
+
+
+
+# @init_backend Immerse
+# @init_backend Gadfly
+@init_backend PyPlot
+# @init_backend Qwt
+@init_backend UnicodePlots
+# @init_backend Winston
+# @init_backend Bokeh
+@init_backend Plotly
+@init_backend PlotlyJS
+@init_backend GR
+@init_backend GLVisualize
+@init_backend PGFPlots
+@init_backend InspectDR
+@init_backend HDF5
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------
+
+# create the various `is_xxx_supported` and `supported_xxxs` methods
+# by default they pass through to checking membership in `_gr_xxx`
+for s in (:attr, :seriestype, :marker, :style, :scale)
+    f = Symbol("is_", s, "_supported")
+    f2 = Symbol("supported_", s, "s")
+    @eval begin
+        $f(::AbstractBackend, $s) = false
+        $f(bend::AbstractBackend, $s::AbstractVector) = all(v -> $f(bend, v), $s)
+        $f($s) = $f(backend(), $s)
+        $f2() = $f2(backend())
+    end
+
+    for bend in backends()
+        bend_type = typeof(_backend_instance(bend))
+        v = Symbol("_", bend, "_", s)
+        @eval begin
+            $f(::$bend_type, $s::Symbol) = $s in $v
+            $f2(::$bend_type) = $v
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+# is_subplot_supported(::AbstractBackend) = false
+# is_subplot_supported() = is_subplot_supported(backend())
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@

 # significant contributions by @jheinen

-supported_args(::GRBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
+
+const _gr_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :annotations,
    :background_color_legend, :background_color_inside, :background_color_outside,
    :foreground_color_legend, :foreground_color_grid, :foreground_color_axis,
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ supported_args(::GRBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
    :title, :window_title,
    :guide, :lims, :ticks, :scale, :flip,
    :tickfont, :guidefont, :legendfont,
-    :grid, :legend, :colorbar,
+    :grid, :legend, :legendtitle, :colorbar,
    :marker_z, :levels,
    :ribbon, :quiver,
    :orientation,
@@ -29,18 +30,25 @@ supported_args(::GRBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
    :normalize, :weights,
    :inset_subplots,
    :bar_width,
+    :arrow,
 ])
-supported_types(::GRBackend) = [
+const _gr_seriestype = [
    :path, :scatter,
    :heatmap, :pie, :image,
    :contour, :path3d, :scatter3d, :surface, :wireframe,
    :shape
 ]
-supported_styles(::GRBackend) = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
-supported_markers(::GRBackend) = vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
-supported_scales(::GRBackend) = [:identity, :log10]
-is_subplot_supported(::GRBackend) = true
+const _gr_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
+const _gr_marker = _allMarkers
+const _gr_scale = [:identity, :log10]
+is_marker_supported(::GRBackend, shape::Shape) = true

+function add_backend_string(::GRBackend)
+    """
+    Pkg.add("GR")
+    Pkg.build("GR")
+    """
+end

 function _initialize_backend(::GRBackend; kw...)
    @eval begin
@@ -68,12 +76,16 @@ const gr_markertype = KW(
    :diamond => -13,
    :utriangle => -3,
    :dtriangle => -5,
+    :ltriangle => -18,
+    :rtriangle => -17,
    :pentagon => -21,
    :hexagon => -22,
    :heptagon => -23,
    :octagon => -24,
    :cross => 2,
    :xcross => 5,
+    :+ => 2,
+    :x => 5,
    :star4 => -25,
    :star5 => -26,
    :star6 => -27,
@@ -122,7 +134,7 @@ gr_set_textcolor(c)   = GR.settextcolorind(gr_getcolorind(cycle(c,1)))

 # draw line segments, splitting x/y into contiguous/finite segments
 # note: this can be used for shapes by passing func `GR.fillarea`
-function gr_polyline(x, y, func = GR.polyline)
+function gr_polyline(x, y, func = GR.polyline; arrowside=:none)
    iend = 0
    n = length(x)
    while iend < n-1
@@ -150,12 +162,20 @@ function gr_polyline(x, y, func = GR.polyline)
        # if we found a start and end, draw the line segment, otherwise we're done
        if istart > 0 && iend > 0
            func(x[istart:iend], y[istart:iend])
+            if arrowside in (:head,:both)
+                GR.drawarrow(x[iend-1], y[iend-1], x[iend], y[iend])
+            end
+            if arrowside in (:tail,:both)
+                GR.drawarrow(x[istart+1], y[istart+1], x[istart], y[istart])
+            end
        else
            break
        end
    end
 end

+gr_inqtext(x, y, s::Symbol) = gr_inqtext(x, y, string(s))
+
 function gr_inqtext(x, y, s)
    if length(s) >= 2 && s[1] == '$' && s[end] == '$'
        GR.inqtextext(x, y, s[2:end-1])
@@ -166,6 +186,8 @@ function gr_inqtext(x, y, s)
    end
 end

+gr_text(x, y, s::Symbol) = gr_text(x, y, string(s))
+
 function gr_text(x, y, s)
    if length(s) >= 2 && s[1] == '$' && s[end] == '$'
        GR.mathtex(x, y, s[2:end-1])
@@ -197,14 +219,14 @@ function gr_polaraxes(rmin, rmax)
            GR.drawarc(-r, r, -r, r, 0, 359)
        end
    end
-    for alpha in 0:45:315
-        a = alpha + 90
+    for α in 0:45:315
+        a = α + 90
        sinf = sin(a * pi / 180)
        cosf = cos(a * pi / 180)
        GR.polyline([sinf, 0], [cosf, 0])
        GR.settextalign(GR.TEXT_HALIGN_CENTER, GR.TEXT_VALIGN_HALF)
        x, y = GR.wctondc(1.1 * sinf, 1.1 * cosf)
-        GR.textext(x, y, string(alpha, "^o"))
+        GR.textext(x, y, string(α, "^o"))
    end
    GR.restorestate()
 end
@@ -242,7 +264,7 @@ end

 normalize_zvals(zv::Void) = zv
 function normalize_zvals(zv::AVec)
-    vmin, vmax = extrema(zv)
+    vmin, vmax = ignoreNaN_extrema(zv)
    if vmin == vmax
        zeros(length(zv))
    else
@@ -254,28 +276,33 @@ end

 # draw ONE Shape
 function gr_draw_marker(xi, yi, msize, shape::Shape)
-    sx, sy = shape_coords(shape)
+    sx, sy = coords(shape)
+    # convert to ndc coords (percentages of window)
    GR.selntran(0)
+    w, h = gr_plot_size
+    f = msize / (w + h)
    xi, yi = GR.wctondc(xi, yi)
-    GR.fillarea(xi + sx * 0.0015msize,
-                yi + sy * 0.0015msize)
+    GR.fillarea(xi .+ sx .* f,
+                yi .+ sy .* f)
    GR.selntran(1)
 end

 # draw ONE symbol marker
 function gr_draw_marker(xi, yi, msize::Number, shape::Symbol)
    GR.setmarkertype(gr_markertype[shape])
-    GR.setmarkersize(0.3msize)
+    w, h = gr_plot_size
+    GR.setmarkersize(0.3msize / ((w + h) * 0.001))
    GR.polymarker([xi], [yi])
 end


 # draw the markers, one at a time
 function gr_draw_markers(series::Series, x, y, msize, mz)
-    shape = series[:markershape]
-    if shape != :none
+    shapes = series[:markershape]
+    if shapes != :none
        for i=1:length(x)
            msi = cycle(msize, i)
+            shape = cycle(shapes, i)
            cfunc = isa(shape, Shape) ? gr_set_fillcolor : gr_set_markercolor
            cfuncind = isa(shape, Shape) ? GR.setfillcolorind : GR.setmarkercolorind

@@ -311,9 +338,10 @@ end

 # ---------------------------------------------------------

-function gr_set_line(w, style, c) #, a)
+function gr_set_line(lw, style, c) #, a)
    GR.setlinetype(gr_linetype[style])
-    GR.setlinewidth(w)
+    w, h = gr_plot_size
+    GR.setlinewidth(max(0, lw / ((w + h) * 0.001)))
    gr_set_linecolor(c) #, a)
 end

@@ -328,10 +356,11 @@ end
 const _gr_point_mult = zeros(1)

 # set the font attributes... assumes _gr_point_mult has been populated already
-function gr_set_font(f::Font; halign = f.halign, valign = f.valign, color = f.color)
+function gr_set_font(f::Font; halign = f.halign, valign = f.valign,
+                              color = f.color, rotation = f.rotation)
    family = lowercase(f.family)
    GR.setcharheight(_gr_point_mult[1] * f.pointsize)
-    GR.setcharup(sin(f.rotation), cos(f.rotation))
+    GR.setcharup(sind(-rotation), cosd(-rotation))
    if haskey(gr_font_family, family)
        GR.settextfontprec(100 + gr_font_family[family], GR.TEXT_PRECISION_STRING)
    end
@@ -339,6 +368,14 @@ function gr_set_font(f::Font; halign = f.halign, valign = f.valign, color = f.co
    GR.settextalign(gr_halign[halign], gr_valign[valign])
 end

+function gr_nans_to_infs!(z)
+    for (i,zi) in enumerate(z)
+        if zi == NaN
+            z[i] = Inf
+        end
+    end
+end
+
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # viewport plot area

@@ -346,20 +383,31 @@ end
 # values are [xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax].  they range [0,1].
 const viewport_plotarea = zeros(4)

-function gr_viewport_from_bbox(bb::BoundingBox, w, h, viewport_canvas)
+# the size of the current plot in pixels
+const gr_plot_size = zeros(2)
+
+function gr_viewport_from_bbox(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, bb::BoundingBox, w, h, viewport_canvas)
    viewport = zeros(4)
    viewport[1] = viewport_canvas[2] * (left(bb) / w)
    viewport[2] = viewport_canvas[2] * (right(bb) / w)
    viewport[3] = viewport_canvas[4] * (1.0 - bottom(bb) / h)
    viewport[4] = viewport_canvas[4] * (1.0 - top(bb) / h)
+    if is3d(sp)
+        vp = viewport[:]
+        extent = min(vp[2] - vp[1], vp[4] - vp[3])
+        viewport[1] = 0.5 * (vp[1] + vp[2] - extent)
+        viewport[2] = 0.5 * (vp[1] + vp[2] + extent)
+        viewport[3] = 0.5 * (vp[3] + vp[4] - extent)
+        viewport[4] = 0.5 * (vp[3] + vp[4] + extent)
+    end
    viewport
 end

 # change so we're focused on the viewport area
 function gr_set_viewport_cmap(sp::Subplot)
    GR.setviewport(
-        viewport_plotarea[2] + (is3d(sp) ? 0.04 : 0.02),
-        viewport_plotarea[2] + (is3d(sp) ? 0.07 : 0.05),
+        viewport_plotarea[2] + (is3d(sp) ? 0.07 : 0.02),
+        viewport_plotarea[2] + (is3d(sp) ? 0.10 : 0.05),
        viewport_plotarea[3],
        viewport_plotarea[4]
    )
@@ -380,7 +428,7 @@ function gr_set_viewport_polar()
    ymax -= 0.05 * (xmax - xmin)
    xcenter = 0.5 * (xmin + xmax)
    ycenter = 0.5 * (ymin + ymax)
-    r = 0.5 * min(xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin)
+    r = 0.5 * NaNMath.min(xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin)
    GR.setviewport(xcenter -r, xcenter + r, ycenter - r, ycenter + r)
    GR.setwindow(-1, 1, -1, 1)
    r
@@ -390,16 +438,41 @@ end
 function gr_colorbar(sp::Subplot)
    if sp[:colorbar] != :none
        gr_set_viewport_cmap(sp)
-        GR.colormap()
+        GR.colorbar()
        gr_set_viewport_plotarea()
    end
 end

 gr_view_xcenter() = 0.5 * (viewport_plotarea[1] + viewport_plotarea[2])
 gr_view_ycenter() = 0.5 * (viewport_plotarea[3] + viewport_plotarea[4])
-gr_view_xdiff() = viewport_plotarea[2] - viewport_plotarea[1]
-gr_view_ydiff() = viewport_plotarea[4] - viewport_plotarea[3]

+function gr_legend_pos(s::Symbol,w,h)
+    str = string(s)
+    if str == "best"
+        str = "topright"
+    end
+    if contains(str,"right")
+        xpos = viewport_plotarea[2] - 0.05 - w
+    elseif contains(str,"left")
+        xpos = viewport_plotarea[1] + 0.11
+    else
+        xpos = (viewport_plotarea[2]-viewport_plotarea[1])/2 - w/2 +.04
+    end
+    if contains(str,"top")
+        ypos = viewport_plotarea[4] - 0.06
+    elseif contains(str,"bottom")
+        ypos = viewport_plotarea[3] + h + 0.06
+    else
+        ypos = (viewport_plotarea[4]-viewport_plotarea[3])/2 + h/2
+    end
+    (xpos,ypos)
+end
+
+function gr_legend_pos{S<:Real, T<:Real}(v::Tuple{S,T},w,h)
+    xpos = v[1] * (viewport_plotarea[2] - viewport_plotarea[1]) + viewport_plotarea[1]
+    ypos = v[2] * (viewport_plotarea[4] - viewport_plotarea[3]) + viewport_plotarea[3]
+    (xpos,ypos)
+end

 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

@@ -427,6 +500,7 @@ function gr_display(plt::Plot)
    # compute the viewport_canvas, normalized to the larger dimension
    viewport_canvas = Float64[0,1,0,1]
    w, h = plt[:size]
+    gr_plot_size[:] = [w, h]
    if w > h
        ratio = float(h) / w
        msize = display_width_ratio * w
@@ -459,10 +533,37 @@ function gr_display(plt::Plot)
 end


+function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot{GRBackend})
+    sp.minpad = (10mm,2mm,2mm,8mm)
+end
+
+
 function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)
    # the viewports for this subplot
-    viewport_subplot = gr_viewport_from_bbox(bbox(sp), w, h, viewport_canvas)
-    viewport_plotarea[:] = gr_viewport_from_bbox(plotarea(sp), w, h, viewport_canvas)
+    viewport_subplot = gr_viewport_from_bbox(sp, bbox(sp), w, h, viewport_canvas)
+    viewport_plotarea[:] = gr_viewport_from_bbox(sp, plotarea(sp), w, h, viewport_canvas)
+    # get data limits
+    data_lims = gr_xy_axislims(sp)
+
+    ratio = sp[:aspect_ratio]
+    if ratio != :none
+        if ratio == :equal
+            ratio = 1
+        end
+        viewport_ratio = (viewport_plotarea[2] - viewport_plotarea[1]) / (viewport_plotarea[4] - viewport_plotarea[3])
+        window_ratio = (data_lims[2] - data_lims[1]) / (data_lims[4] - data_lims[3]) / ratio
+        if window_ratio < viewport_ratio
+            viewport_center = 0.5 * (viewport_plotarea[1] + viewport_plotarea[2])
+            viewport_size = (viewport_plotarea[2] - viewport_plotarea[1]) * window_ratio / viewport_ratio
+            viewport_plotarea[1] = viewport_center - 0.5 * viewport_size
+            viewport_plotarea[2] = viewport_center + 0.5 * viewport_size
+        elseif window_ratio > viewport_ratio
+            viewport_center = 0.5 * (viewport_plotarea[3] + viewport_plotarea[4])
+            viewport_size = (viewport_plotarea[4] - viewport_plotarea[3]) * viewport_ratio / window_ratio
+            viewport_plotarea[3] = viewport_center - 0.5 * viewport_size
+            viewport_plotarea[4] = viewport_center + 0.5 * viewport_size
+        end
+    end

    # fill in the plot area background
    bg = plot_color(sp[:background_color_inside])
@@ -484,6 +585,10 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)
        end
        if st == :heatmap
            outside_ticks = true
+            x, y = heatmap_edges(series[:x]), heatmap_edges(series[:y])
+            expand_extrema!(sp[:xaxis], x)
+            expand_extrema!(sp[:yaxis], y)
+            data_lims = gr_xy_axislims(sp)
        end
    end

@@ -500,19 +605,18 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)
    yaxis = sp[:yaxis]
    zaxis = sp[:zaxis]

-    # get data limits and set the scale flags and window
-    data_lims = gr_xy_axislims(sp)
+    # set the scale flags and window
    xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax = data_lims
-    scale = 0
+    scaleop = 0
    xtick, ytick = 1, 1
    if xmax > xmin && ymax > ymin
        # NOTE: for log axes, the major_x and major_y - if non-zero (omit labels) - control the minor grid lines (1 = draw 9 minor grid lines, 2 = no minor grid lines)
        # NOTE: for log axes, the x_tick and y_tick - if non-zero (omit axes) - only affect the output appearance (1 = nomal, 2 = scientiic notation)
-        xaxis[:scale] == :log10 && (scale |= GR.OPTION_X_LOG)
-        yaxis[:scale] == :log10 && (scale |= GR.OPTION_Y_LOG)
-        xaxis[:flip]            && (scale |= GR.OPTION_FLIP_X)
-        yaxis[:flip]            && (scale |= GR.OPTION_FLIP_Y)
-        if scale & GR.OPTION_X_LOG == 0
+        xaxis[:scale] == :log10 && (scaleop |= GR.OPTION_X_LOG)
+        yaxis[:scale] == :log10 && (scaleop |= GR.OPTION_Y_LOG)
+        xaxis[:flip]            && (scaleop |= GR.OPTION_FLIP_X)
+        yaxis[:flip]            && (scaleop |= GR.OPTION_FLIP_Y)
+        if scaleop & GR.OPTION_X_LOG == 0
            majorx = 1 #5
            xtick = GR.tick(xmin, xmax) / majorx
        else
@@ -520,7 +624,7 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)
            xtick = 2  # scientific notation
            majorx = 2 # no minor grid lines
        end
-        if scale & GR.OPTION_Y_LOG == 0
+        if scaleop & GR.OPTION_Y_LOG == 0
            majory = 1 #5
            ytick = GR.tick(ymin, ymax) / majory
        else
@@ -531,7 +635,7 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)

        # NOTE: setwindow sets the "data coordinate" limits of the current "viewport"
        GR.setwindow(xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
-        GR.setscale(scale)
+        GR.setscale(scaleop)
    end

    # draw the axes
@@ -541,6 +645,11 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)

    if is3d(sp)
        zmin, zmax = gr_lims(zaxis, true)
+        clims = sp[:clims]
+        if is_2tuple(clims)
+            isfinite(clims[1]) && (zmin = clims[1])
+            isfinite(clims[2]) && (zmax = clims[2])
+        end
        GR.setspace(zmin, zmax, 40, 70)
        xtick = GR.tick(xmin, xmax) / 2
        ytick = GR.tick(ymin, ymax) / 2
@@ -549,15 +658,16 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)

        # GR.setlinetype(GR.LINETYPE_DOTTED)
        if sp[:grid]
-            GR.grid3d(xtick, 0, ztick, xmin, ymin, zmin, 2, 0, 2)
-            GR.grid3d(0, ytick, 0, xmax, ymin, zmin, 0, 2, 0)
+            GR.grid3d(xtick, 0, ztick, xmin, ymax, zmin, 2, 0, 2)
+            GR.grid3d(0, ytick, 0, xmin, ymax, zmin, 0, 2, 0)
        end
        GR.axes3d(xtick, 0, ztick, xmin, ymin, zmin, 2, 0, 2, -ticksize)
        GR.axes3d(0, ytick, 0, xmax, ymin, zmin, 0, 2, 0, ticksize)

    elseif ispolar(sp)
        r = gr_set_viewport_polar()
-        rmin, rmax = GR.adjustrange(minimum(r), maximum(r))
+        rmin, rmax = GR.adjustrange(ignoreNaN_minimum(r), ignoreNaN_maximum(r))
+        # rmin, rmax = axis_limits(sp[:yaxis])
        gr_polaraxes(rmin, rmax)

    elseif draw_axes
@@ -580,42 +690,43 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)

        # spine (border) and tick marks
        gr_set_line(1, :solid, sp[:xaxis][:foreground_color_axis])
+        GR.setclip(0)
        gr_polyline(coords(spine_segs)...)
+        GR.setclip(1)

        if !(xticks in (nothing, false))
            # x labels
            flip = sp[:yaxis][:flip]
-            gr_set_font(sp[:xaxis][:tickfont], valign = :top, color = sp[:xaxis][:foreground_color_axis])
+            mirror = sp[:xaxis][:mirror]
+            gr_set_font(sp[:xaxis][:tickfont],
+                        halign = (:left, :hcenter, :right)[sign(sp[:xaxis][:rotation]) + 2],
+                        valign = (mirror ? :bottom : :top),
+                        color = sp[:xaxis][:foreground_color_axis],
+                        rotation = sp[:xaxis][:rotation])
            for (cv, dv) in zip(xticks...)
-                xi, yi = GR.wctondc(cv, flip ? ymax : ymin)
-                # @show cv dv ymin xi yi
-                gr_text(xi, yi-0.01, string(dv))
+                # use xor ($) to get the right y coords
+                xi, yi = GR.wctondc(cv, (flip $ mirror) ? ymax : ymin)
+                # @show cv dv ymin xi yi flip mirror (flip $ mirror)
+                gr_text(xi, yi + (mirror ? 1 : -1) * 5e-3, string(dv))
            end
        end

        if !(yticks in (nothing, false))
            # y labels
            flip = sp[:xaxis][:flip]
-            gr_set_font(sp[:yaxis][:tickfont], halign = :right, color = sp[:yaxis][:foreground_color_axis])
+            mirror = sp[:yaxis][:mirror]
+            gr_set_font(sp[:yaxis][:tickfont],
+                        halign = (mirror ? :left : :right),
+                        valign = (:top, :vcenter, :bottom)[sign(sp[:yaxis][:rotation]) + 2],
+                        color = sp[:yaxis][:foreground_color_axis],
+                        rotation = sp[:yaxis][:rotation])
            for (cv, dv) in zip(yticks...)
-                xi, yi = GR.wctondc(flip ? xmax : xmin, cv)
+                # use xor ($) to get the right y coords
+                xi, yi = GR.wctondc((flip $ mirror) ? xmax : xmin, cv)
                # @show cv dv xmin xi yi
-                gr_text(xi-0.01, yi, string(dv))
+                gr_text(xi + (mirror ? 1 : -1) * 1e-2, yi, string(dv))
            end
        end
-
-        # window_diag = sqrt(gr_view_xdiff()^2 + gr_view_ydiff()^2)
-        # ticksize = 0.0075 * window_diag
-        # if outside_ticks
-        #     ticksize = -ticksize
-        # end
-        # # TODO: this should be done for each axis separately
-        # gr_set_linecolor(xaxis[:foreground_color_axis])
-
-        # x1, x2 = xaxis[:flip] ? (xmax,xmin) : (xmin,xmax)
-        # y1, y2 = yaxis[:flip] ? (ymax,ymin) : (ymin,ymax)
-        # GR.axes(xtick, ytick, x1, y1, 1, 1, ticksize)
-        # GR.axes(xtick, ytick, x2, y2, -1, -1, -ticksize)
    end
    # end

@@ -644,8 +755,9 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)
    end
    GR.restorestate()

-    # TODO: can we remove?
    gr_set_font(xaxis[:tickfont])
+
+    # this needs to be here to point the colormap to the right indices
    GR.setcolormap(1000 + GR.COLORMAP_COOLWARM)

    for (idx, series) in enumerate(series_list(sp))
@@ -660,6 +772,7 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)

        GR.savestate()

+
        # update the bounding window
        if ispolar(sp)
            gr_set_viewport_polar()
@@ -673,17 +786,12 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)
        x, y, z = series[:x], series[:y], series[:z]
        frng = series[:fillrange]

+        # add custom frame shapes to markershape?
+        series_annotations_shapes!(series)
+        # -------------------------------------------------------
+
        # recompute data
        if typeof(z) <: Surface
-            if st == :heatmap #&& size(z.surf) == (length(y), length(x))
-                expand_extrema!(sp[:xaxis], (x[1]-0.5*(x[2]-x[1]), x[end]+0.5*(x[end]-x[end-1])))
-                expand_extrema!(sp[:yaxis], (y[1]-0.5*(y[2]-y[1]), y[end]+0.5*(y[end]-y[end-1])))
-            #     # coords are centers... turn into edges
-            #     xd = diff(x)
-            #     x = vcat(x[1]-0.5xd[1], x[1]+xd, x[end]+0.5xd[end])
-            #     yd = diff(y)
-            #     y = vcat(y[1]-0.5yd[1], y[1]+yd, y[end]+0.5yd[end])
-            end
            z = vec(transpose_z(series, z.surf, false))
        elseif ispolar(sp)
            if frng != nothing
@@ -694,27 +802,26 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)

        if st in (:path, :scatter)
            if length(x) > 1
-
                # do area fill
                if frng != nothing
-                    gr_set_fillcolor(series[:fillcolor]) #, series[:fillalpha])
                    GR.setfillintstyle(GR.INTSTYLE_SOLID)
-                    frng = isa(frng, Number) ? Float64[frng] : frng
-                    nx, ny, nf = length(x), length(y), length(frng)
-                    n = max(nx, ny)
-                    fx, fy = zeros(2n), zeros(2n)
-                    for i=1:n
-                        fx[i] = fx[end-i+1] = cycle(x,i)
-                        fy[i] = cycle(y,i)
-                        fy[end-i+1] = cycle(frng,i)
+                    fr_from, fr_to = (is_2tuple(frng) ? frng : (y, frng))
+                    for (i,rng) in enumerate(iter_segments(series[:x], series[:y]))
+                        if length(rng) > 1
+                            gr_set_fillcolor(cycle(series[:fillcolor], i))
+                            fx = cycle(x, vcat(rng, reverse(rng)))
+                            fy = vcat(cycle(fr_from,rng), cycle(fr_to,reverse(rng)))
+                            # @show i rng fx fy
+                            GR.fillarea(fx, fy)
+                        end
                    end
-                    GR.fillarea(fx, fy)
                end

                # draw the line(s)
                if st == :path
                    gr_set_line(series[:linewidth], series[:linestyle], series[:linecolor]) #, series[:linealpha])
-                    gr_polyline(x, y)
+                    arrowside = isa(series[:arrow], Arrow) ? series[:arrow].side : :none
+                    gr_polyline(x, y; arrowside = arrowside)
                end
            end

@@ -724,22 +831,27 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)

        elseif st == :contour
            zmin, zmax = gr_lims(zaxis, false)
+            clims = sp[:clims]
+            if is_2tuple(clims)
+                isfinite(clims[1]) && (zmin = clims[1])
+                isfinite(clims[2]) && (zmax = clims[2])
+            end
+            GR.setspace(zmin, zmax, 0, 90)
            if typeof(series[:levels]) <: Array
                h = series[:levels]
            else
                h = linspace(zmin, zmax, series[:levels])
            end
-            GR.setspace(zmin, zmax, 0, 90)
            if series[:fillrange] != nothing
                GR.surface(x, y, z, GR.OPTION_CELL_ARRAY)
            else
                GR.contour(x, y, h, z, 1000)
            end
-            
+
            # create the colorbar of contour levels
            if sp[:colorbar] != :none
                gr_set_viewport_cmap(sp)
-                l = round(Int32, 1000 + (h - minimum(h)) / (maximum(h) - minimum(h)) * 255)
+                l = round(Int32, 1000 + (h - ignoreNaN_minimum(h)) / (ignoreNaN_maximum(h) - ignoreNaN_minimum(h)) * 255)
                GR.setwindow(xmin, xmax, zmin, zmax)
                GR.cellarray(xmin, xmax, zmax, zmin, 1, length(l), l)
                ztick = 0.5 * GR.tick(zmin, zmax)
@@ -761,11 +873,20 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)
            cmap && gr_colorbar(sp)

        elseif st == :heatmap
-            # z = vec(transpose_z(series, z.surf, false))
            zmin, zmax = gr_lims(zaxis, true)
+            clims = sp[:clims]
+            if is_2tuple(clims)
+                isfinite(clims[1]) && (zmin = clims[1])
+                isfinite(clims[2]) && (zmax = clims[2])
+            end
            GR.setspace(zmin, zmax, 0, 90)
-            # GR.surface(x, y, z, GR.OPTION_COLORED_MESH)
-            GR.surface(x, y, z, GR.OPTION_HEATMAP)
+            grad = isa(series[:fillcolor], ColorGradient) ? series[:fillcolor] : cgrad()
+            colors = [grad[clamp((zi-zmin) / (zmax-zmin), 0, 1)] for zi=z]
+            rgba = map(c -> UInt32( round(Int, alpha(c) * 255) << 24 +
+                                    round(Int,  blue(c) * 255) << 16 +
+                                    round(Int, green(c) * 255) << 8  +
+                                    round(Int,   red(c) * 255) ), colors)
+            GR.drawimage(xmin, xmax, ymax, ymin, length(x), length(y), rgba)
            cmap && gr_colorbar(sp)

        elseif st in (:path3d, :scatter3d)
@@ -788,7 +909,7 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)
            GR.selntran(0)
            GR.setfillintstyle(GR.INTSTYLE_SOLID)
            xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax = viewport_plotarea
-            ymax -= 0.05 * (xmax - xmin)
+            ymax -= 0.1 * (xmax - xmin)
            xcenter = 0.5 * (xmin + xmax)
            ycenter = 0.5 * (ymin + ymax)
            if xmax - xmin > ymax - ymin
@@ -809,15 +930,15 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)
                a2 = round(Int, a1 + (slices[i] / total) * 360.0)
                GR.setfillcolorind(980 + (i-1) % 20)
                GR.fillarc(xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, a1, a2)
-                alpha = 0.5 * (a1 + a2)
-                cosf = r * cos(alpha * pi / 180)
-                sinf = r * sin(alpha * pi / 180)
+                α = 0.5 * (a1 + a2)
+                cosf = r * cos(α * pi / 180)
+                sinf = r * sin(α * pi / 180)
                x[1] = xcenter + cosf
                y[1] = ycenter + sinf
                x[2] = x[1] + 0.1 * cosf
                y[2] = y[1] + 0.1 * sinf
                y[3] = y[2]
-                if 90 <= alpha < 270
+                if 90 <= α < 270
                    x[3] = x[2] - 0.05
                    GR.settextalign(GR.TEXT_HALIGN_RIGHT, GR.TEXT_VALIGN_HALF)
                    gr_text(x[3] - 0.01, y[3], string(labels[i]))
@@ -852,20 +973,27 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)


        elseif st == :image
-            img = series[:z].surf
-            w, h = size(img)
-            if eltype(img) <: Colors.AbstractGray
-                grey = round(UInt8, float(img) * 255)
+            z = transpose_z(series, series[:z].surf, true)'
+            w, h = size(z)
+            if eltype(z) <: Colors.AbstractGray
+                grey = round(UInt8, float(z) * 255)
                rgba = map(c -> UInt32( 0xff000000 + Int(c)<<16 + Int(c)<<8 + Int(c) ), grey)
            else
                rgba = map(c -> UInt32( round(Int, alpha(c) * 255) << 24 +
                                        round(Int,  blue(c) * 255) << 16 +
                                        round(Int, green(c) * 255) << 8  +
-                                        round(Int,   red(c) * 255) ), img)
+                                        round(Int,   red(c) * 255) ), z)
            end
            GR.drawimage(xmin, xmax, ymax, ymin, w, h, rgba)
        end

+        # this is all we need to add the series_annotations text
+        anns = series[:series_annotations]
+        for (xi,yi,str,fnt) in EachAnn(anns, x, y)
+            gr_set_font(fnt)
+            gr_text(GR.wctondc(xi, yi)..., str)
+        end
+
        GR.restorestate()
    end

@@ -879,6 +1007,11 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)
        w = 0
        i = 0
        n = 0
+        if sp[:legendtitle] != nothing
+            tbx, tby = gr_inqtext(0, 0, string(sp[:legendtitle]))
+            w = tbx[3] - tbx[1]
+            n += 1
+        end
        for series in series_list(sp)
            should_add_to_legend(series) || continue
            n += 1
@@ -892,9 +1025,9 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)
            w = max(w, tbx[3] - tbx[1])
        end
        if w > 0
-            xpos = viewport_plotarea[2] - 0.05 - w
-            ypos = viewport_plotarea[4] - 0.06
            dy = _gr_point_mult[1] * sp[:legendfont].pointsize * 1.75
+            h = dy*n
+            (xpos,ypos) = gr_legend_pos(sp[:legend],w,h)
            GR.setfillintstyle(GR.INTSTYLE_SOLID)
            gr_set_fillcolor(sp[:background_color_legend])
            GR.fillrect(xpos - 0.08, xpos + w + 0.02, ypos + dy, ypos - dy * n)
@@ -902,13 +1035,19 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)
            GR.setlinewidth(1)
            GR.drawrect(xpos - 0.08, xpos + w + 0.02, ypos + dy, ypos - dy * n)
            i = 0
+            if sp[:legendtitle] != nothing
+                GR.settextalign(GR.TEXT_HALIGN_CENTER, GR.TEXT_VALIGN_HALF)
+                gr_set_textcolor(sp[:foreground_color_legend])
+                gr_text(xpos - 0.03 + 0.5*w, ypos, string(sp[:legendtitle]))
+                ypos -= dy
+            end
            for series in series_list(sp)
                should_add_to_legend(series) || continue
                st = series[:seriestype]
                gr_set_line(series[:linewidth], series[:linestyle], series[:linecolor]) #, series[:linealpha])
-                if st == :path
+                if st == :path && series[:fillrange] == nothing
                    GR.polyline([xpos - 0.07, xpos - 0.01], [ypos, ypos])
-                elseif st == :shape
+                elseif st == :shape || series[:fillrange] != nothing
                    gr_set_fill(series[:fillcolor]) #, series[:fillalpha])
                    l, r = xpos-0.07, xpos-0.01
                    b, t = ypos-0.4dy, ypos+0.4dy
@@ -919,7 +1058,7 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)
                end

                if series[:markershape] != :none
-                    gr_draw_markers(series, xpos-[0.06,0.02], [ypos,ypos], 10, nothing)
+                    gr_draw_markers(series, xpos - .035, ypos, 6, nothing)
                end

                if typeof(series[:label]) <: Array
@@ -940,9 +1079,22 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)

    # add annotations
    GR.savestate()
+    # update the bounding window
+    if ispolar(sp)
+        gr_set_viewport_polar()
+    else
+        xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax = data_lims
+        if xmax > xmin && ymax > ymin
+            GR.setwindow(xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
+        end
+    end
    for ann in sp[:annotations]
        x, y, val = ann
-        x, y = GR.wctondc(x, y)
+        x, y = if is3d(sp)
+            # GR.wc3towc(x, y, z)
+        else
+            GR.wctondc(x, y)
+        end
        gr_set_font(val.font)
        gr_text(x, y, val.str)
    end
@@ -959,18 +1111,27 @@ const _gr_mimeformats = Dict(
    "image/svg+xml"           => "svg",
 )

+const _gr_wstype_default = @static if is_linux()
+    "x11"
+    # "cairox11"
+elseif is_apple()
+    "quartz"
+else
+    "use_default"
+end
+
+const _gr_wstype = Ref(get(ENV, "GKSwstype", _gr_wstype_default))
+gr_set_output(wstype::String) = (_gr_wstype[] = wstype)

 for (mime, fmt) in _gr_mimeformats
-    @eval function _writemime(io::IO, ::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{GRBackend})
+    @eval function _show(io::IO, ::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{GRBackend})
        GR.emergencyclosegks()
-        wstype = haskey(ENV, "GKS_WSTYPE") ? ENV["GKS_WSTYPE"] : "0"
        filepath = tempname() * "." * $fmt
-        ENV["GKS_WSTYPE"] = $fmt
+        ENV["GKSwstype"] = $fmt
        ENV["GKS_FILEPATH"] = filepath
        gr_display(plt)
        GR.emergencyclosegks()
-        write(io, readall(filepath))
-        ENV["GKS_WSTYPE"] = wstype
+        write(io, readstring(filepath))
        rm(filepath)
    end
 end
@@ -979,14 +1140,20 @@ function _display(plt::Plot{GRBackend})
    if plt[:display_type] == :inline
        GR.emergencyclosegks()
        filepath = tempname() * ".pdf"
-        ENV["GKS_WSTYPE"] = "pdf"
+        ENV["GKSwstype"] = "pdf"
        ENV["GKS_FILEPATH"] = filepath
        gr_display(plt)
        GR.emergencyclosegks()
-        content = string("\033]1337;File=inline=1;preserveAspectRatio=0:", base64encode(open(readbytes, filepath)), "\a")
+        content = string("\033]1337;File=inline=1;preserveAspectRatio=0:", base64encode(open(read, filepath)), "\a")
        println(content)
        rm(filepath)
    else
+        ENV["GKS_DOUBLE_BUF"] = true
+        if _gr_wstype[] != "use_default"
+            ENV["GKSwstype"] = _gr_wstype[]
+        end
        gr_display(plt)
    end
 end
+
+closeall(::GRBackend) = GR.emergencyclosegks()
@@ -0,0 +1,655 @@
+#HDF5 Plots: Save/replay plots to/from HDF5
+#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#==Usage
+===============================================================================
+Write to .hdf5 file using:
+    p = plot(...)
+   Plots.hdf5plot_write(p, "plotsave.hdf5")
+
+Read from .hdf5 file using:
+    pyplot() #Must first select backend
+    pread = Plots.hdf5plot_read("plotsave.hdf5")
+    display(pread)
+==#
+
+
+#==TODO
+===============================================================================
+ 1. Support more features
+    - SeriesAnnotations & GridLayout known to be missing.
+ 3. Improve error handling.
+    - Will likely crash if file format is off.
+ 2. Save data in a folder parallel to "plot".
+    - Will make it easier for users to locate data.
+    - Use HDF5 reference to link data?
+ 3. Develop an actual versioned file format.
+    - Should have some form of backward compatibility.
+    - Should be reliable for archival purposes.
+==#
+
+
+import FixedPointNumbers: N0f8 #In core Julia
+
+#Dispatch types:
+immutable HDF5PlotNative; end #Indentifies a data element that can natively be handled by HDF5
+immutable HDF5CTuple; end #Identifies a "complex" tuple structure
+
+type HDF5Plot_PlotRef
+	ref::Union{Plot, Void}
+end
+
+
+#==Useful constants
+===============================================================================#
+const _hdf5_plotroot = "plot"
+const _hdf5_dataroot = "data" #TODO: Eventually move data to different root (easier to locate)?
+const _hdf5plot_datatypeid = "TYPE" #Attribute identifying type
+const _hdf5plot_countid = "COUNT" #Attribute for storing count
+
+#Dict has problems using "Types" as keys.  Initialize in "_initialize_backend":
+const HDF5PLOT_MAP_STR2TELEM = Dict{String, Type}()
+const HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR = Dict{Type, String}()
+
+#Don't really like this global variable... Very hacky
+const HDF5PLOT_PLOTREF = HDF5Plot_PlotRef(nothing)
+
+#Simple sub-structures that can just be written out using _hdf5plot_gwritefields:
+const HDF5PLOT_SIMPLESUBSTRUCT = Union{Font, BoundingBox,
+	GridLayout, RootLayout, ColorGradient, SeriesAnnotations, PlotText
+}
+
+
+#==
+===============================================================================#
+
+const _hdf5_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
+    :annotations,
+    :background_color_legend, :background_color_inside, :background_color_outside,
+    :foreground_color_grid, :foreground_color_legend, :foreground_color_title,
+    :foreground_color_axis, :foreground_color_border, :foreground_color_guide, :foreground_color_text,
+    :label,
+    :linecolor, :linestyle, :linewidth, :linealpha,
+    :markershape, :markercolor, :markersize, :markeralpha,
+    :markerstrokewidth, :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha,
+    :fillrange, :fillcolor, :fillalpha,
+    :bins, :bar_width, :bar_edges, :bar_position,
+    :title, :title_location, :titlefont,
+    :window_title,
+    :guide, :lims, :ticks, :scale, :flip, :rotation,
+    :tickfont, :guidefont, :legendfont,
+    :grid, :legend, :colorbar,
+    :marker_z, :line_z, :fill_z,
+    :levels,
+    :ribbon, :quiver, :arrow,
+    :orientation,
+    :overwrite_figure,
+    :polar,
+    :normalize, :weights,
+    :contours, :aspect_ratio,
+    :match_dimensions,
+    :clims,
+    :inset_subplots,
+    :dpi,
+    :colorbar_title,
+  ])
+const _hdf5_seriestype = [
+        :path, :steppre, :steppost, :shape,
+        :scatter, :hexbin, #:histogram2d, :histogram,
+        # :bar,
+        :heatmap, :pie, :image,
+        :contour, :contour3d, :path3d, :scatter3d, :surface, :wireframe
+    ]
+const _hdf5_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot]
+const _hdf5_marker = vcat(_allMarkers, :pixel)
+const _hdf5_scale = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]
+is_marker_supported(::HDF5Backend, shape::Shape) = true
+
+function add_backend_string(::HDF5Backend)
+    """
+    if !Plots.is_installed("HDF5")
+        Pkg.add("HDF5")
+    end
+    """
+end
+
+
+#==Helper functions
+===============================================================================#
+
+_hdf5_plotelempath(subpath::String) = "$_hdf5_plotroot/$subpath"
+_hdf5_datapath(subpath::String) = "$_hdf5_dataroot/$subpath"
+_hdf5_map_str2telem(k::String) = HDF5PLOT_MAP_STR2TELEM[k]
+_hdf5_map_str2telem(v::Vector) = HDF5PLOT_MAP_STR2TELEM[v[1]]
+
+function _hdf5_merge!(dest::Dict, src::Dict)
+    for (k, v) in src
+        if isa(v, Axis)
+            _hdf5_merge!(dest[k].d, v.d)
+        else
+            dest[k] = v
+        end    
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+
+#==
+===============================================================================#
+
+function _initialize_backend(::HDF5Backend)
+    @eval begin
+        import HDF5
+        export HDF5
+        if length(HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR) < 1
+            #Possible element types of high-level data types:
+            const telem2str = Dict{String, Type}(
+                "NATIVE" => HDF5PlotNative,
+                "VOID" => Void,
+                "BOOL" => Bool,
+                "SYMBOL" => Symbol,
+                "TUPLE" => Tuple,
+                "CTUPLE" => HDF5CTuple, #Tuple of complex structures
+                "RGBA" => ARGB{N0f8},
+                "EXTREMA" => Extrema,
+                "LENGTH" => Length,
+                "ARRAY" => Array, #Dict won't allow Array to be key in HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR
+
+                #Sub-structure types:
+                "FONT" => Font,
+                "BOUNDINGBOX" => BoundingBox,
+                "GRIDLAYOUT" => GridLayout,
+                "ROOTLAYOUT" => RootLayout,
+                "SERIESANNOTATIONS" => SeriesAnnotations,
+#                "PLOTTEXT" => PlotText,
+                "COLORGRADIENT" => ColorGradient,
+                "AXIS" => Axis,
+                "SUBPLOT" => Subplot,
+                "NULLABLE" => Nullable,
+            )
+            merge!(HDF5PLOT_MAP_STR2TELEM, telem2str)
+            merge!(HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR, Dict{Type, String}(v=>k for (k,v) in HDF5PLOT_MAP_STR2TELEM))
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Create the window/figure for this backend.
+function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend})
+    #Do nothing
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# # this is called early in the pipeline, use it to make the plot current or something
+# function _prepare_plot_object(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend})
+# end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Set up the subplot within the backend object.
+function _initialize_subplot(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend}, sp::Subplot{HDF5Backend})
+    #Do nothing
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Add one series to the underlying backend object.
+# Called once per series
+# NOTE: Seems to be called when user calls plot()... even if backend
+#       plot, sp.o has not yet been constructed...
+function _series_added(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend}, series::Series)
+    #Do nothing
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# When series data is added/changed, this callback can do dynamic updates to the backend object.
+# note: if the backend rebuilds the plot from scratch on display, then you might not do anything here.
+function _series_updated(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend}, series::Series)
+    #Do nothing
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# called just before updating layout bounding boxes... in case you need to prep
+# for the calcs
+function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend})
+    #Do nothing
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Set the (left, top, right, bottom) minimum padding around the plot area
+# to fit ticks, tick labels, guides, colorbars, etc.
+function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot{HDF5Backend})
+    #Do nothing
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Override this to update plot items (title, xlabel, etc), and add annotations (d[:annotations])
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend})
+    #Do nothing
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_show(io::IO, mime::MIME"text/plain", plt::Plot{HDF5Backend}) = nothing #Don't show
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Display/show the plot (open a GUI window, or browser page, for example).
+function _display(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend})
+    msg = "HDF5 interface does not support `display()` function."
+    msg *= "\nUse `Plots.hdf5plot_write(::String)` method to write to .HDF5 \"plot\" file instead."
+    warn(msg)
+    return
+end
+
+
+#==HDF5 write functions
+===============================================================================#
+
+function _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k::String, tstr::Array{String})
+    d = HDF5.d_open(grp, k)
+    HDF5.a_write(d, _hdf5plot_datatypeid, tstr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k::String, T::Type)
+    tstr = HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR[T]
+    d = HDF5.d_open(grp, k)
+    HDF5.a_write(d, _hdf5plot_datatypeid, tstr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_overwritetype(grp, k::String, T::Type)
+    tstr = HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR[T]
+    d = HDF5.d_open(grp, k)
+    HDF5.a_delete(d, _hdf5plot_datatypeid)
+    HDF5.a_write(d, _hdf5plot_datatypeid, tstr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, T::Type) #Write directly to group
+    tstr = HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR[T]
+    HDF5.a_write(grp, _hdf5plot_datatypeid, tstr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_overwritetype(grp, T::Type) #Write directly to group
+    tstr = HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR[T]
+    HDF5.a_delete(grp, _hdf5plot_datatypeid)
+    HDF5.a_write(grp, _hdf5plot_datatypeid, tstr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_writetype{T<:Any}(grp, ::Type{Array{T}})
+    tstr = HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR[Array] #ANY
+    HDF5.a_write(grp, _hdf5plot_datatypeid, tstr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_writetype{T<:BoundingBox}(grp, ::Type{T})
+    tstr = HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR[BoundingBox]
+    HDF5.a_write(grp, _hdf5plot_datatypeid, tstr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_writecount(grp, n::Int) #Write directly to group
+    HDF5.a_write(grp, _hdf5plot_countid, n)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwritefields(grp, k::String, v)
+    grp = HDF5.g_create(grp, k)
+    for _k in fieldnames(v)
+        _v = getfield(v, _k)
+        kstr = string(_k)
+        _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, kstr, _v)
+    end
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, typeof(v))
+    return
+end
+
+# Write data
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v) #Default
+    grp[k] = v
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, HDF5PlotNative)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite{T<:Number}(grp, k::String, v::Array{T}) #Default for arrays
+    grp[k] = v
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, HDF5PlotNative)
+end
+#=
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Array{Any})
+#    @show grp, k
+    warn("Cannot write Array: $k=$v")
+end
+=#
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Void)
+    grp[k] = 0
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, Void)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Bool)
+    grp[k] = Int(v)
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, Bool)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Symbol)
+    grp[k] = string(v)
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, Symbol)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Tuple)
+    varr = [v...]
+    elt = eltype(varr)
+#    if isleaftype(elt)
+
+    _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k, varr)
+    if elt <: Number
+        #We just wrote a simple dataset
+        _hdf5plot_overwritetype(grp, k, Tuple)
+    else #Used a more complex scheme (using subgroups):
+        _hdf5plot_overwritetype(grp[k], HDF5CTuple)
+    end
+    #NOTE: _hdf5plot_overwritetype overwrites "Array" type with "Tuple".
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, d::Dict)
+#    warn("Cannot write dict: $k=$d")
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Range)
+    _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k, collect(v)) #For now
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::ARGB{N0f8})
+    grp[k] = [v.r.i, v.g.i, v.b.i, v.alpha.i]
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, ARGB{N0f8})
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Colorant)
+    _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k, ARGB{N0f8}(v))
+end
+#Custom vector (when not using simple numeric type):
+function _hdf5plot_gwritearray{T}(grp, k::String, v::Array{T})
+    if "annotations" == k;
+        return #Hack.  Does not yet support annotations.
+    end
+
+    vgrp = HDF5.g_create(grp, k)
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(vgrp, Array) #ANY
+    sz = size(v)
+
+    for iter in eachindex(v)
+        coord = ind2sub(sz, iter)
+        elem = v[iter]
+        idxstr = join(coord, "_")
+        _hdf5plot_gwrite(vgrp, "v$idxstr", v[iter])
+    end
+
+    _hdf5plot_gwrite(vgrp, "dim", [sz...])
+    return
+end
+_hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Array) =
+	_hdf5plot_gwritearray(grp, k, v)
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Extrema)
+    grp[k] = [v.emin, v.emax]
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, Extrema)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite{T}(grp, k::String, v::Length{T})
+    grp[k] = v.value
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, k, [HDF5PLOT_MAP_TELEM2STR[Length], string(T)])
+end
+
+# Write more complex structures:
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Plot)
+    #Don't write plot references
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::HDF5PLOT_SIMPLESUBSTRUCT)
+    _hdf5plot_gwritefields(grp, k, v)
+    return
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Axis)
+    grp = HDF5.g_create(grp, k)
+    for (_k, _v) in v.d
+        kstr = string(_k)
+        _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, kstr, _v)
+    end
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, Axis)
+    return
+end
+#TODO: "Properly" support Nullable using _hdf5plot_writetype?
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Nullable)
+    if isnull(v)
+        _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k, nothing)
+    else
+        _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k, v.value)
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::SeriesAnnotations)
+    #Currently no support for SeriesAnnotations
+    return
+end
+function _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, k::String, v::Subplot)
+    grp = HDF5.g_create(grp, k)
+    _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, "index", v[:subplot_index])
+    _hdf5plot_writetype(grp, Subplot)
+    return
+end
+function _hdf5plot_write(grp, d::Dict)
+    for (k, v) in d
+        kstr = string(k)
+        _hdf5plot_gwrite(grp, kstr, v)
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+# Write main plot structures:
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _hdf5plot_write(sp::Subplot{HDF5Backend}, subpath::String, f)
+    f = f::HDF5.HDF5File #Assert
+    grp = HDF5.g_create(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("$subpath/attr"))
+    _hdf5plot_write(grp, sp.attr)
+    grp = HDF5.g_create(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("$subpath/series_list"))
+    _hdf5plot_writecount(grp, length(sp.series_list))
+    for (i, series) in enumerate(sp.series_list)
+        grp = HDF5.g_create(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("$subpath/series_list/series$i"))
+        _hdf5plot_write(grp, series.d)
+    end
+
+    return
+end
+
+function _hdf5plot_write(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend}, f)
+    f = f::HDF5.HDF5File #Assert
+
+    grp = HDF5.g_create(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("attr"))
+    _hdf5plot_write(grp, plt.attr)
+
+    grp = HDF5.g_create(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("subplots"))
+    _hdf5plot_writecount(grp, length(plt.subplots))
+
+    for (i, sp) in enumerate(plt.subplots)
+        _hdf5plot_write(sp, "subplots/subplot$i", f)
+    end
+
+    return
+end
+function hdf5plot_write(plt::Plot{HDF5Backend}, path::AbstractString)
+    HDF5.h5open(path, "w") do file
+        _hdf5plot_write(plt, file)
+    end
+end
+hdf5plot_write(path::AbstractString) = hdf5plot_write(current(), path)
+
+
+#==HDF5 playback (read) functions
+===============================================================================#
+
+function _hdf5plot_readcount(grp) #Read directly from group
+    return HDF5.a_read(grp, _hdf5plot_countid)
+end
+
+_hdf5plot_convert(T::Type{HDF5PlotNative}, v) = v
+_hdf5plot_convert(T::Type{Void}, v) = nothing
+_hdf5plot_convert(T::Type{Bool}, v) = (v!=0)
+_hdf5plot_convert(T::Type{Symbol}, v) = Symbol(v)
+_hdf5plot_convert(T::Type{Tuple}, v) = tuple(v...) #With Vector{T<:Number}
+function _hdf5plot_convert(T::Type{ARGB{N0f8}}, v)
+    r, g, b, a = reinterpret(N0f8, v)
+    return Colors.ARGB{N0f8}(r, g, b, a)
+end
+_hdf5plot_convert(T::Type{Extrema}, v) = Extrema(v[1], v[2])
+
+# Read data structures:
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type, dtid)
+    v = HDF5.d_read(grp, k)
+    return _hdf5plot_convert(T, v)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{Length}, dtid::Vector)
+    v = HDF5.d_read(grp, k)
+    TU = Symbol(dtid[2])
+    T = typeof(v)
+    return Length{TU,T}(v)
+end
+
+# Read more complex data structures:
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{Font}, dtid)
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+
+    family = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "family")
+    pointsize = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "pointsize")
+    halign = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "halign")
+    valign = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "valign")
+    rotation = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "rotation")
+    color = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "color")
+    return Font(family, pointsize, halign, valign, rotation, color)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{Array}, dtid) #ANY
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+    sz = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "dim")
+    if [0] == sz; return []; end
+    sz = tuple(sz...)
+    result = Array{Any}(sz)
+
+    for iter in eachindex(result)
+        coord = ind2sub(sz, iter)
+        idxstr = join(coord, "_")
+        result[iter] = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "v$idxstr")
+    end
+
+    #Hack: Implicitly make Julia detect element type.
+    #      (Should probably write it explicitly to file)
+    result = [result[iter] for iter in eachindex(result)] #Potentially make more specific
+    return reshape(result, sz)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{HDF5CTuple}, dtid)
+    v = _hdf5plot_read(grp, k, Array, dtid)
+    return tuple(v...)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{ColorGradient}, dtid)
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+
+    colors = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "colors")
+    values = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "values")
+    return ColorGradient(colors, values)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{BoundingBox}, dtid)
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+
+    x0 = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "x0")
+    a = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "a")
+    return BoundingBox(x0, a)
+end
+_hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{RootLayout}, dtid) = RootLayout()
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{GridLayout}, dtid)
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+
+#    parent = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "parent")
+parent = RootLayout()
+    minpad = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "minpad")
+    bbox = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "bbox")
+    grid = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "grid")
+    widths = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "widths")
+    heights = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "heights")
+    attr = KW() #TODO support attr: _hdf5plot_read(grp, "attr")
+
+    return GridLayout(parent, minpad, bbox, grid, widths, heights, attr)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{Axis}, dtid)
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+    kwlist = KW()
+    _hdf5plot_read(grp, kwlist)
+    return Axis([], kwlist)
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String, T::Type{Subplot}, dtid)
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(grp, k)
+    idx = _hdf5plot_read(grp, "index")
+    return HDF5PLOT_PLOTREF.ref.subplots[idx]
+end
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, k::String)
+    dtid = HDF5.a_read(grp[k], _hdf5plot_datatypeid)
+    T = _hdf5_map_str2telem(dtid) #expect exception
+    return _hdf5plot_read(grp, k, T, dtid)
+end
+
+#Read in values in group to populate d:
+function _hdf5plot_read(grp, d::Dict)
+    gnames = names(grp)
+    for k in gnames
+        try
+            v = _hdf5plot_read(grp, k)
+            d[Symbol(k)] = v
+        catch e
+            @show e
+            @show grp
+            warn("Could not read field $k")
+        end
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+# Read main plot structures:
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _hdf5plot_read(sp::Subplot, subpath::String, f)
+    f = f::HDF5.HDF5File #Assert
+
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("$subpath/attr"))
+    kwlist = KW()
+    _hdf5plot_read(grp, kwlist)
+    _hdf5_merge!(sp.attr, kwlist)
+
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("$subpath/series_list"))
+    nseries = _hdf5plot_readcount(grp)
+
+    for i in 1:nseries
+        grp = HDF5.g_open(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("$subpath/series_list/series$i"))
+        kwlist = KW()
+        _hdf5plot_read(grp, kwlist)
+        plot!(sp, kwlist[:x], kwlist[:y]) #Add data & create data structures
+        _hdf5_merge!(sp.series_list[end].d, kwlist)
+    end
+
+    return
+end
+
+function _hdf5plot_read(plt::Plot, f)
+    f = f::HDF5.HDF5File #Assert
+    #Assumpltion: subplots are already allocated (plt.subplots)
+
+    HDF5PLOT_PLOTREF.ref = plt #Used when reading "layout"
+    grp = HDF5.g_open(f, _hdf5_plotelempath("attr"))
+    _hdf5plot_read(grp, plt.attr)
+
+    for (i, sp) in enumerate(plt.subplots)
+        _hdf5plot_read(sp, "subplots/subplot$i", f)
+    end
+
+    return
+end
+
+function hdf5plot_read(path::AbstractString)
+    plt = nothing
+    HDF5.h5open(path, "r") do file
+        grp = HDF5.g_open(file, _hdf5_plotelempath("subplots"))
+        n = _hdf5plot_readcount(grp)
+        plt = plot(layout=n) #Get reference to a new plot
+        _hdf5plot_read(plt, file)
+    end
+    return plt
+end
+
+#Last line
@@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
+
+# https://github.com/ma-laforge/InspectDR.jl
+
+#=TODO:
+    Tweak scale factor for width & other sizes
+
+Not supported by InspectDR:
+    :foreground_color_grid
+    :foreground_color_border
+    :polar,
+
+Add in functionality to Plots.jl:
+    :aspect_ratio,
+=#
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#TODO: remove features
+const _inspectdr_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
+    :annotations,
+    :background_color_legend, :background_color_inside, :background_color_outside,
+    :foreground_color_grid, :foreground_color_legend, :foreground_color_title,
+    :foreground_color_axis, :foreground_color_border, :foreground_color_guide, :foreground_color_text,
+    :label,
+    :linecolor, :linestyle, :linewidth, :linealpha,
+    :markershape, :markercolor, :markersize, :markeralpha,
+    :markerstrokewidth, :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha,
+    :markerstrokestyle, #Causes warning not to have it... what is this?
+    :fillcolor, :fillalpha, #:fillrange,
+#    :bins, :bar_width, :bar_edges, :bar_position,
+    :title, :title_location, :titlefont,
+    :window_title,
+    :guide, :lims, :scale, #:ticks, :flip, :rotation,
+    :tickfont, :guidefont, :legendfont,
+    :grid, :legend, #:colorbar,
+#    :marker_z,
+#    :line_z,
+#    :levels,
+ #   :ribbon, :quiver, :arrow,
+#    :orientation,
+    :overwrite_figure,
+    :polar,
+#    :normalize, :weights,
+#    :contours, :aspect_ratio,
+    :match_dimensions,
+#    :clims,
+#    :inset_subplots,
+    :dpi,
+#    :colorbar_title,
+  ])
+const _inspectdr_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot]
+const _inspectdr_seriestype = [
+        :path, :scatter, :shape #, :steppre, :steppost
+    ]
+#see: _allMarkers, _shape_keys
+const _inspectdr_marker = Symbol[
+    :none, :auto,
+    :circle, :rect, :diamond,
+    :cross, :xcross,
+    :utriangle, :dtriangle, :rtriangle, :ltriangle,
+    :pentagon, :hexagon, :heptagon, :octagon,
+    :star4, :star5, :star6, :star7, :star8,
+    :vline, :hline, :+, :x,
+]
+
+const _inspectdr_scale = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]
+
+is_marker_supported(::InspectDRBackend, shape::Shape) = true
+
+_inspectdr_to_pixels(bb::BoundingBox) =
+    InspectDR.BoundingBox(to_pixels(left(bb)), to_pixels(right(bb)), to_pixels(top(bb)), to_pixels(bottom(bb)))
+
+#Do we avoid Map to avoid possible pre-comile issues?
+function _inspectdr_mapglyph(s::Symbol)
+    s == :rect && return :square
+    return s
+end
+
+function _inspectdr_mapglyph(s::Shape)
+    x, y = coords(s)
+    return InspectDR.GlyphPolyline(x, y)
+end
+
+# py_marker(markers::AVec) = map(py_marker, markers)
+function _inspectdr_mapglyph(markers::AVec)
+    warn("Vectors of markers are currently unsupported in InspectDR.")
+    _inspectdr_mapglyph(markers[1])
+end
+
+_inspectdr_mapglyphsize(v::Real) = v
+function _inspectdr_mapglyphsize(v::Vector)
+    warn("Vectors of marker sizes are currently unsupported in InspectDR.")
+    _inspectdr_mapglyphsize(v[1])
+end
+
+_inspectdr_mapcolor(v::Colorant) = v
+function _inspectdr_mapcolor(g::PlotUtils.ColorGradient)
+    warn("Color gradients are currently unsupported in InspectDR.")
+    #Pick middle color:
+    _inspectdr_mapcolor(g.colors[div(1+end,2)])
+end
+function _inspectdr_mapcolor(v::AVec)
+    warn("Vectors of colors are currently unsupported in InspectDR.")
+    #Pick middle color:
+    _inspectdr_mapcolor(v[div(1+end,2)])
+end
+
+#Hack: suggested point size does not seem adequate relative to plot size, for some reason.
+_inspectdr_mapptsize(v) = 1.5*v
+
+function _inspectdr_add_annotations(plot, x, y, val)
+    #What kind of annotation is this?
+end
+
+#plot::InspectDR.Plot2D
+function _inspectdr_add_annotations(plot, x, y, val::PlotText)
+    vmap = Dict{Symbol, Symbol}(:top=>:t, :bottom=>:b) #:vcenter
+    hmap = Dict{Symbol, Symbol}(:left=>:l, :right=>:r) #:hcenter
+    align = Symbol(get(vmap, val.font.valign, :c), get(hmap, val.font.halign, :c))
+    fnt = InspectDR.Font(val.font.family, val.font.pointsize,
+        color =_inspectdr_mapcolor(val.font.color)
+    )
+    ann = InspectDR.atext(val.str, x=x, y=y,
+        font=fnt, angle=val.font.rotation, align=align
+    )
+    InspectDR.add(plot, ann)
+    return
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _inspectdr_getscale(s::Symbol, yaxis::Bool)
+#TODO: Support :asinh, :sqrt
+    kwargs = yaxis? (:tgtmajor=>8, :tgtminor=>2): () #More grid lines on y-axis
+    if :log2 == s
+        return InspectDR.AxisScale(:log2; kwargs...)
+    elseif :log10 == s
+        return InspectDR.AxisScale(:log10; kwargs...)
+    elseif :ln == s
+        return InspectDR.AxisScale(:ln; kwargs...)
+    else #identity
+        return InspectDR.AxisScale(:lin; kwargs...)
+    end
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function add_backend_string(::InspectDRBackend)
+    """
+    if !Plots.is_installed("InspectDR")
+        Pkg.add("InspectDR")
+    end
+    """
+end
+
+function _initialize_backend(::InspectDRBackend; kw...)
+    @eval begin
+        import InspectDR
+        export InspectDR
+
+        #Glyph used when plotting "Shape"s:
+        const INSPECTDR_GLYPH_SHAPE = InspectDR.GlyphPolyline(
+            2*InspectDR.GLYPH_SQUARE.x, InspectDR.GLYPH_SQUARE.y
+        )
+
+        type InspecDRPlotRef
+            mplot::Union{Void, InspectDR.Multiplot}
+            gui::Union{Void, InspectDR.GtkPlot}
+        end
+
+        _inspectdr_getmplot(::Any) = nothing
+        _inspectdr_getmplot(r::InspecDRPlotRef) = r.mplot
+
+        _inspectdr_getgui(::Any) = nothing
+        _inspectdr_getgui(gplot::InspectDR.GtkPlot) = (gplot.destroyed? nothing: gplot)
+        _inspectdr_getgui(r::InspecDRPlotRef) = _inspectdr_getgui(r.gui)
+    end
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Create the window/figure for this backend.
+function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
+    mplot = _inspectdr_getmplot(plt.o)
+    gplot = _inspectdr_getgui(plt.o)
+
+    #:overwrite_figure: want to reuse current figure
+    if plt[:overwrite_figure] && mplot != nothing
+        mplot.subplots = [] #Reset
+        if gplot != nothing #Ensure still references current plot
+            gplot.src = mplot
+        end
+    else #want new one:
+        mplot = InspectDR.Multiplot()
+        gplot = nothing #Will be created later
+    end
+
+    #break link with old subplots
+    for sp in plt.subplots
+        sp.o = nothing
+    end
+
+    return InspecDRPlotRef(mplot, gplot)
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# # this is called early in the pipeline, use it to make the plot current or something
+# function _prepare_plot_object(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
+# end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Set up the subplot within the backend object.
+function _initialize_subplot(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend}, sp::Subplot{InspectDRBackend})
+    plot = sp.o
+    #Don't do anything without a "subplot" object:  Will process later.
+    if nothing == plot; return; end
+    plot.data = []
+    plot.userannot = [] #Clear old markers/text annotation/polyline "annotation"
+    return plot
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Add one series to the underlying backend object.
+# Called once per series
+# NOTE: Seems to be called when user calls plot()... even if backend
+#       plot, sp.o has not yet been constructed...
+function _series_added(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend}, series::Series)
+    st = series[:seriestype]
+    sp = series[:subplot]
+    plot = sp.o
+
+    #Don't do anything without a "subplot" object:  Will process later.
+    if nothing == plot; return; end
+
+    _vectorize(v) = isa(v, Vector)? v: collect(v) #InspectDR only supports vectors
+    x = _vectorize(series[:x]); y = _vectorize(series[:y])
+
+    #No support for polar grid... but can still perform polar transformation:
+    if ispolar(sp)
+        Θ = x; r = y
+        x = r.*cos(Θ); y = r.*sin(Θ)
+    end
+
+    # doesn't handle mismatched x/y - wrap data (pyplot behaviour):
+    nx = length(x); ny = length(y)
+    if nx < ny
+        series[:x] = Float64[x[mod1(i,nx)] for i=1:ny]
+    elseif ny > nx
+        series[:y] = Float64[y[mod1(i,ny)] for i=1:nx]
+    end
+
+#= TODO: Eventually support
+    series[:fillcolor] #I think this is fill under line
+    zorder = series[:series_plotindex]
+
+For st in :shape:
+    zorder = series[:series_plotindex],
+=#
+
+    if st in (:shape,)
+        nmax = 0
+        for (i,rng) in enumerate(iter_segments(x, y))
+            nmax = i
+            if length(rng) > 1
+                linewidth = series[:linewidth]
+                linecolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(cycle(series[:linecolor], i))
+                fillcolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(cycle(series[:fillcolor], i))
+                line = InspectDR.line(
+                    style=:solid, width=linewidth, color=linecolor
+                )
+                apline = InspectDR.PolylineAnnotation(
+                    x[rng], y[rng], line=line, fillcolor=fillcolor
+                )
+                InspectDR.add(plot, apline)
+            end
+        end
+
+        i = (nmax >= 2? div(nmax, 2): nmax) #Must pick one set of colors for legend
+        if i > 1 #Add dummy waveform for legend entry:
+            linewidth = series[:linewidth]
+            linecolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(cycle(series[:linecolor], i))
+            fillcolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(cycle(series[:fillcolor], i))
+            wfrm = InspectDR.add(plot, Float64[], Float64[], id=series[:label])
+            wfrm.line = InspectDR.line(
+                style=:none, width=linewidth, #linewidth affects glyph
+            )
+            wfrm.glyph = InspectDR.glyph(
+                shape = INSPECTDR_GLYPH_SHAPE, size = 8,
+                color = linecolor, fillcolor = fillcolor
+            )
+        end
+   elseif st in (:path, :scatter) #, :steppre, :steppost)
+        #NOTE: In Plots.jl, :scatter plots have 0-linewidths (I think).
+        linewidth = series[:linewidth]
+        #More efficient & allows some support for markerstrokewidth:
+        _style = (0==linewidth? :none: series[:linestyle])
+        wfrm = InspectDR.add(plot, x, y, id=series[:label])
+        wfrm.line = InspectDR.line(
+            style = _style,
+            width = series[:linewidth],
+            color = series[:linecolor],
+        )
+        #InspectDR does not control markerstrokewidth independently.
+        if :none == _style
+            #Use this property only if no line is displayed:
+            wfrm.line.width = series[:markerstrokewidth]
+        end
+        wfrm.glyph = InspectDR.glyph(
+            shape = _inspectdr_mapglyph(series[:markershape]),
+            size = _inspectdr_mapglyphsize(series[:markersize]),
+            color = _inspectdr_mapcolor(series[:markerstrokecolor]),
+            fillcolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(series[:markercolor]),
+        )
+    end
+
+    # this is all we need to add the series_annotations text
+    anns = series[:series_annotations]
+    for (xi,yi,str,fnt) in EachAnn(anns, x, y)
+        _inspectdr_add_annotations(plot, xi, yi, PlotText(str, fnt))
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# When series data is added/changed, this callback can do dynamic updates to the backend object.
+# note: if the backend rebuilds the plot from scratch on display, then you might not do anything here.
+function _series_updated(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend}, series::Series)
+    #Nothing to do
+end
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _inspectdr_setupsubplot(sp::Subplot{InspectDRBackend})
+    const gridon = InspectDR.GridRect(vmajor=true, hmajor=true)
+    const gridoff = InspectDR.GridRect()
+    const plot = sp.o
+    const strip = plot.strips[1] #Only 1 strip supported with Plots.jl
+
+	#No independent control of grid???
+	strip.grid = sp[:grid]? gridon: gridoff
+
+    xaxis = sp[:xaxis]; yaxis = sp[:yaxis]
+        plot.xscale = _inspectdr_getscale(xaxis[:scale], false)
+        strip.yscale = _inspectdr_getscale(yaxis[:scale], true)
+        xmin, xmax  = axis_limits(xaxis)
+        ymin, ymax  = axis_limits(yaxis)
+        if ispolar(sp)
+            #Plots.jl appears to give (xmin,xmax) ≜ (Θmin,Θmax) & (ymin,ymax) ≜ (rmin,rmax)
+            rmax = NaNMath.max(abs(ymin), abs(ymax))
+            xmin, xmax = -rmax, rmax
+            ymin, ymax = -rmax, rmax
+        end
+        plot.xext = InspectDR.PExtents1D() #reset
+        strip.yext = InspectDR.PExtents1D() #reset
+        plot.xext_full = InspectDR.PExtents1D(xmin, xmax)
+        strip.yext_full = InspectDR.PExtents1D(ymin, ymax)
+    a = plot.annotation
+        a.title = sp[:title]
+        a.xlabel = xaxis[:guide]; a.ylabels = [yaxis[:guide]]
+
+    l = plot.layout
+        l.frame.fillcolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(sp[:background_color_subplot])
+        l.framedata.fillcolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(sp[:background_color_inside])
+        l.framedata.line.color = _inspectdr_mapcolor(xaxis[:foreground_color_axis])
+        l.fnttitle = InspectDR.Font(sp[:titlefont].family,
+            _inspectdr_mapptsize(sp[:titlefont].pointsize),
+            color = _inspectdr_mapcolor(sp[:foreground_color_title])
+        )
+        #Cannot independently control fonts of axes with InspectDR:
+        l.fntaxlabel = InspectDR.Font(xaxis[:guidefont].family,
+            _inspectdr_mapptsize(xaxis[:guidefont].pointsize),
+            color = _inspectdr_mapcolor(xaxis[:foreground_color_guide])
+        )
+        l.fntticklabel = InspectDR.Font(xaxis[:tickfont].family,
+            _inspectdr_mapptsize(xaxis[:tickfont].pointsize),
+            color = _inspectdr_mapcolor(xaxis[:foreground_color_text])
+        )
+    leg = l.legend
+        leg.enabled = (sp[:legend] != :none)
+        #leg.width = 150 #TODO: compute???
+        leg.font = InspectDR.Font(sp[:legendfont].family,
+            _inspectdr_mapptsize(sp[:legendfont].pointsize),
+            color = _inspectdr_mapcolor(sp[:foreground_color_legend])
+        )
+        leg.frame.fillcolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(sp[:background_color_legend])
+end
+
+# called just before updating layout bounding boxes... in case you need to prep
+# for the calcs
+function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
+    const mplot = _inspectdr_getmplot(plt.o)
+    if nothing == mplot; return; end
+
+    mplot.title = plt[:plot_title]
+    if "" == mplot.title
+        #Don't use window_title... probably not what you want.
+        #mplot.title = plt[:window_title]
+    end
+    mplot.frame.fillcolor = _inspectdr_mapcolor(plt[:background_color_outside])
+
+    resize!(mplot.subplots, length(plt.subplots))
+    nsubplots = length(plt.subplots)
+    for (i, sp) in enumerate(plt.subplots)
+        if !isassigned(mplot.subplots, i)
+            mplot.subplots[i] = InspectDR.Plot2D()
+        end
+        sp.o = mplot.subplots[i]
+        plot = sp.o
+        _initialize_subplot(plt, sp)
+        _inspectdr_setupsubplot(sp)
+
+        # add the annotations
+        for ann in sp[:annotations]
+            _inspectdr_add_annotations(plot, ann...)
+        end
+    end
+
+    #Do not yet support absolute plot positionning.
+    #Just try to make things look more-or less ok:
+    if nsubplots <= 1
+        mplot.ncolumns = 1
+    elseif nsubplots <= 4
+        mplot.ncolumns = 2
+    elseif nsubplots <= 6
+        mplot.ncolumns = 3
+    elseif nsubplots <= 12
+        mplot.ncolumns = 4
+    else
+        mplot.ncolumns = 5
+    end
+
+    for series in plt.series_list
+        _series_added(plt, series)
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Set the (left, top, right, bottom) minimum padding around the plot area
+# to fit ticks, tick labels, guides, colorbars, etc.
+function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot{InspectDRBackend})
+    plot = sp.o
+    if !isa(plot, InspectDR.Plot2D); return sp.minpad; end
+    #Computing plotbounds with 0-BoundingBox returns required padding:
+    bb = InspectDR.plotbounds(plot.layout, InspectDR.BoundingBox(0,0,0,0))
+    #NOTE: plotbounds always pads for titles, legends, etc. even if not in use.
+    #TODO: possibly zero-out items not in use??
+
+    # add in the user-specified margin to InspectDR padding:
+    leftpad   = abs(bb.xmin)*px + sp[:left_margin]
+    toppad    = abs(bb.ymin)*px + sp[:top_margin]
+    rightpad  = abs(bb.xmax)*px + sp[:right_margin]
+    bottompad = abs(bb.ymax)*px + sp[:bottom_margin]
+    sp.minpad = (leftpad, toppad, rightpad, bottompad)
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Override this to update plot items (title, xlabel, etc), and add annotations (d[:annotations])
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
+    mplot = _inspectdr_getmplot(plt.o)
+    if nothing == mplot; return; end
+
+    for (i, sp) in enumerate(plt.subplots)
+        graphbb = _inspectdr_to_pixels(plotarea(sp))
+        plot = mplot.subplots[i]
+        plot.plotbb = InspectDR.plotbounds(plot.layout, graphbb)
+    end
+
+    gplot = _inspectdr_getgui(plt.o)
+    if nothing == gplot; return; end
+
+    gplot.src = mplot #Ensure still references current plot
+    InspectDR.refresh(gplot)
+    return
+end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const _inspectdr_mimeformats_dpi = Dict(
+    "image/png"               => "png"
+)
+const _inspectdr_mimeformats_nodpi = Dict(
+    "image/svg+xml"           => "svg",
+    "application/eps"         => "eps",
+    "image/eps"               => "eps",
+#    "application/postscript"  => "ps", #TODO: support once Cairo supports PSSurface
+    "application/pdf"         => "pdf"
+)
+_inspectdr_show(io::IO, mime::MIME, ::Void, w, h) =
+    throw(ErrorException("Cannot show(::IO, ...) plot - not yet generated"))
+function _inspectdr_show(io::IO, mime::MIME, mplot, w, h)
+    InspectDR._show(io, mime, mplot, Float64(w), Float64(h))
+end
+
+for (mime, fmt) in _inspectdr_mimeformats_dpi
+    @eval function _show(io::IO, mime::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
+        dpi = plt[:dpi]#TODO: support
+        _inspectdr_show(io, mime, _inspectdr_getmplot(plt.o), plt[:size]...)
+    end
+end
+for (mime, fmt) in _inspectdr_mimeformats_nodpi
+    @eval function _show(io::IO, mime::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
+        _inspectdr_show(io, mime, _inspectdr_getmplot(plt.o), plt[:size]...)
+    end
+end
+_show(io::IO, mime::MIME"text/plain", plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend}) = nothing #Don't show
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Display/show the plot (open a GUI window, or browser page, for example).
+function _display(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
+    mplot = _inspectdr_getmplot(plt.o)
+    if nothing == mplot; return; end
+    gplot = _inspectdr_getgui(plt.o)
+
+    if nothing == gplot
+        gplot = display(InspectDR.GtkDisplay(), mplot)
+    else
+        #redundant... Plots.jl will call _update_plot_object:
+        #InspectDR.refresh(gplot)
+    end
+    plt.o = InspecDRPlotRef(mplot, gplot)
+    return gplot
+end
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@

 # significant contributions by: @pkofod

-supported_args(::PGFPlotsBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
-    # :annotations,
+const _pgfplots_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
+    :annotations,
    # :background_color_legend,
    :background_color_inside,
    # :background_color_outside,
@@ -22,25 +22,30 @@ supported_args(::PGFPlotsBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
    :guide, :lims, :ticks, :scale, :flip, :rotation,
    :tickfont, :guidefont, :legendfont,
    :grid, :legend,
-    # :colorbar,
-    # :marker_z, :levels,
+    :colorbar,
+    :marker_z, #:levels,
    # :ribbon, :quiver, :arrow,
    # :orientation,
    # :overwrite_figure,
-    # :polar,
+    :polar,
    # :normalize, :weights, :contours,
    :aspect_ratio,
    # :match_dimensions,
  ])
-supported_types(::PGFPlotsBackend) = [:path, :path3d, :scatter, :steppre, :stepmid, :steppost, :histogram2d, :ysticks, :xsticks, :contour]
-supported_styles(::PGFPlotsBackend) = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
-supported_markers(::PGFPlotsBackend) = [:none, :auto, :circle, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5, :pentagon] #vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
-supported_scales(::PGFPlotsBackend) = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]
-is_subplot_supported(::PGFPlotsBackend) = false
+const _pgfplots_seriestype = [:path, :path3d, :scatter, :steppre, :stepmid, :steppost, :histogram2d, :ysticks, :xsticks, :contour, :shape]
+const _pgfplots_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
+const _pgfplots_marker = [:none, :auto, :circle, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5, :pentagon] #vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
+const _pgfplots_scale = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]


 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

+function add_backend_string(::PGFPlotsBackend)
+    """
+    Pkg.add("PGFPlots")
+    Pkg.build("PGFPlots")
+    """
+end

 function _initialize_backend(::PGFPlotsBackend; kw...)
    @eval begin
@@ -64,6 +69,8 @@ const _pgfplots_markers = KW(
    :none => "none",
    :cross => "+",
    :xcross => "x",
+    :+ => "+",
+    :x => "x",
    :utriangle => "triangle*",
    :dtriangle => "triangle*",
    :circle => "*",
@@ -91,14 +98,35 @@ const _pgf_series_extrastyle = KW(
    :xsticks => "xcomb",
 )

+# PGFPlots uses the anchors to define orientations for example to align left 
+# one needs to use the right edge as anchor
+const _pgf_annotation_halign = KW(
+    :center => "",
+    :left => "right",
+    :right => "left"
+)
+
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 # takes in color,alpha, and returns color and alpha appropriate for pgf style
-function pgf_color(c)
+function pgf_color(c::Colorant)
    cstr = @sprintf("{rgb,1:red,%.8f;green,%.8f;blue,%.8f}", red(c), green(c), blue(c))
    cstr, alpha(c)
 end

+function pgf_color(grad::ColorGradient)
+    # Can't handle ColorGradient here, fallback to defaults.
+    cstr = @sprintf("{rgb,1:red,%.8f;green,%.8f;blue,%.8f}", 0.0, 0.60560316,0.97868012)
+    cstr, 1
+end
+
+# Generates a colormap for pgfplots based on a ColorGradient
+function pgf_colormap(grad::ColorGradient) 
+    join(map(grad.colors) do c
+        @sprintf("rgb=(%.8f,%.8f,%.8f)", red(c), green(c),blue(c))
+    end,", ")
+end
+
 function pgf_fillstyle(d::KW)
    cstr,a = pgf_color(d[:fillcolor])
    "fill = $cstr, fill opacity=$a"
@@ -129,6 +157,19 @@ function pgf_marker(d::KW)
    }"""
 end

+function pgf_add_annotation!(o,x,y,val)
+    # Construct the style string.
+    # Currently supports color and orientation
+    cstr,a = pgf_color(val.font.color)
+    push!(o, PGFPlots.Plots.Node(val.str, # Annotation Text
+                                 x, y,
+                                 style="""
+                                 $(get(_pgf_annotation_halign,val.font.halign,"")),
+                                 color=$cstr, draw opacity=$(convert(Float16,a)),
+                                 rotate=$(val.font.rotation)
+                                 """))
+end
+
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 function pgf_series(sp::Subplot, series::Series)
@@ -136,17 +177,18 @@ function pgf_series(sp::Subplot, series::Series)
    st = d[:seriestype]
    style = []
    kw = KW()
-
    push!(style, pgf_linestyle(d))
    push!(style, pgf_marker(d))

-    if d[:fillrange] != nothing
+    if d[:fillrange] != nothing || st in (:shape,)
        push!(style, pgf_fillstyle(d))
    end

    # add to legend?
    if sp[:legend] != :none && should_add_to_legend(series)
        kw[:legendentry] = d[:label]
+    else
+        push!(style, "forget plot")
    end

    # function args
@@ -154,6 +196,10 @@ function pgf_series(sp::Subplot, series::Series)
        d[:z].surf, d[:x], d[:y]
    elseif is3d(st)
        d[:x], d[:y], d[:z]
+    elseif d[:marker_z] != nothing
+        # If a marker_z is used pass it as third coordinate to a 2D plot.
+        # See "Scatter Plots" in PGFPlots documentation
+        d[:x], d[:y], d[:marker_z]
    else
        d[:x], d[:y]
    end
@@ -202,6 +248,9 @@ function pgf_axis(sp::Subplot, letter)
    # axis guide
    kw[Symbol(letter,:label)] = axis[:guide]

+    # Add ticklabel rotations
+    push!(style, "$(letter)ticklabel style={rotate = $(axis[:rotation])}")
+
    # flip/reverse?
    axis[:flip] && push!(style, "$letter dir=reverse")

@@ -225,6 +274,12 @@ function pgf_axis(sp::Subplot, letter)
        kw[Symbol(letter,:max)] = lims[2]
    end

+    if !(axis[:ticks] in (nothing, false, :none, :auto))
+        ticks = get_ticks(axis)
+        push!(style, string(letter, "tick = {", join(ticks[1],","), "}"))
+        push!(style, string(letter, "ticklabels = {", join(ticks[2],","), "}"))
+    end
+
    # return the style list and KW args
    style, kw
 end
@@ -232,10 +287,14 @@ end
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------


-function _make_pgf_plot!(plt::Plot)
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
    plt.o = PGFPlots.Axis[]
+    # Obtain the total height of the plot by extracting the maximal bottom
+    # coordinate from the bounding box.
+    total_height = bottom(bbox(plt.layout))
+
    for sp in plt.subplots
-        # first build the PGFPlots.Axis object
+       # first build the PGFPlots.Axis object
        style = ["unbounded coords=jump"]
        kw = KW()

@@ -243,26 +302,26 @@ function _make_pgf_plot!(plt::Plot)
        for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
            if letter != :z || is3d(sp)
                axisstyle, axiskw = pgf_axis(sp, letter)
+                append!(style, axisstyle)
                merge!(kw, axiskw)
-                for sty in axisstyle
-                    push!(style, sty)
-                end
            end
        end

        # bounding box values are in mm
        # note: bb origin is top-left, pgf is bottom-left
+        # A round on 2 decimal places should be enough precision for 300 dpi
+        # plots.
        bb = bbox(sp)
        push!(style, """
            xshift = $(left(bb).value)mm,
-            yshift = $((height(bb) - (bottom(bb))).value)mm,
-            width = $(width(bb).value)mm,
-            height = $(height(bb).value)mm,
+            yshift = $(round((total_height - (bottom(bb))).value,2))mm,
            axis background/.style={fill=$(pgf_color(sp[:background_color_inside])[1])}
        """)
+        kw[:width] = "$(width(bb).value)mm"
+        kw[:height] = "$(height(bb).value)mm"

        if sp[:title] != ""
-            push!(style, "title = $(sp[:title])")
+            kw[:title] = "$(sp[:title])"
        end

        sp[:grid] && push!(style, "grid = major")
@@ -275,27 +334,67 @@ function _make_pgf_plot!(plt::Plot)
            kw[:legendPos] = _pgfplots_legend_pos[legpos]
        end

-        o = PGFPlots.Axis(; style = style, kw...)
+        axisf = PGFPlots.Axis
+        if sp[:projection] == :polar
+            axisf = PGFPlots.PolarAxis
+        end
+
+        # Search series for any gradient. In case one series uses a gradient set
+        # the colorbar and colomap.
+        # The reasoning behind doing this on the axis level is that pgfplots
+        # colorbar seems to only works on axis level and needs the proper colormap for
+        # correctly displaying it.
+        # It's also possible to assign the colormap to the series itself but
+        # then the colormap needs to be added twice, once for the axis and once for the
+        # series.
+        # As it is likely that all series within the same axis use the same
+        # colormap this should not cause any problem.
+        for series in series_list(sp)
+            for col in (:markercolor, :fillcolor)
+                if typeof(series.d[col]) == ColorGradient
+                    push!(style,"colormap={plots}{$(pgf_colormap(series.d[col]))}")
+
+                    if sp[:colorbar] == :none
+                        kw[:colorbar] = "false"
+                    else
+                        kw[:colorbar] = "true"
+                    end
+                    # goto is needed to break out of col and series for
+                    @goto colorbar_end 
+                end
+            end
+        end
+        @label colorbar_end
+
+        o = axisf(; style = style, kw...)

        # add the series object to the PGFPlots.Axis
        for series in series_list(sp)
            push!(o, pgf_series(sp, series))
+
+            # add series annotations
+            anns = series[:series_annotations]
+            for (xi,yi,str,fnt) in EachAnn(anns, series[:x], series[:y])
+                pgf_add_annotation!(o, xi, yi, PlotText(str, fnt))
+            end
        end

+        # add the annotations
+        for ann in sp[:annotations]
+            pgf_add_annotation!(o,ann...)
+        end
+
+
        # add the PGFPlots.Axis to the list
        push!(plt.o, o)
    end
 end

-
-function _writemime(io::IO, mime::MIME"image/svg+xml", plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
-    _make_pgf_plot!(plt)
-    writemime(io, mime, plt.o)
+function _show(io::IO, mime::MIME"image/svg+xml", plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
+    show(io, mime, plt.o)
 end

-function _writemime(io::IO, mime::MIME"application/pdf", plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
-    _make_pgf_plot!(plt)
-
+function _show(io::IO, mime::MIME"application/pdf", plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
    # prepare the object
    pgfplt = PGFPlots.plot(plt.o)

@@ -304,15 +403,20 @@ function _writemime(io::IO, mime::MIME"application/pdf", plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBacke
    PGFPlots.save(PGFPlots.PDF(fn), pgfplt)

    # read it into io
-    write(io, readall(open(fn)))
+    write(io, readstring(open(fn)))

    # cleanup
    PGFPlots.cleanup(plt.o)
 end

+function _show(io::IO, mime::MIME"application/x-tex", plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
+    fn = tempname()*".tex"
+    PGFPlots.save(fn, backend_object(plt), include_preamble=false)
+    write(io, readstring(open(fn)))
+end
+
 function _display(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
    # prepare the object
-    _make_pgf_plot!(plt)
    pgfplt = PGFPlots.plot(plt.o)

    # save an svg
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@

 # https://plot.ly/javascript/getting-started

-supported_args(::PlotlyBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
+const _plotly_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :annotations,
    :background_color_legend, :background_color_inside, :background_color_outside,
    :foreground_color_legend, :foreground_color_guide,
@@ -19,41 +19,52 @@ supported_args(::PlotlyBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
    :window_title,
    :guide, :lims, :ticks, :scale, :flip, :rotation,
    :tickfont, :guidefont, :legendfont,
-    :grid, :legend, :colorbar,
-    :marker_z, :levels,
+    :grid, :legend, :colorbar, :colorbar_title,
+    :marker_z, :fill_z, :levels,
    :ribbon, :quiver,
    :orientation,
    # :overwrite_figure,
    :polar,
    :normalize, :weights,
-    # :contours, :aspect_ratio,
+    # :contours,
+    :aspect_ratio,
    :hover,
    :inset_subplots,
+    :bar_width,
+    :clims,
  ])

-supported_types(::PlotlyBackend) = [
+const _plotly_seriestype = [
    :path, :scatter, :bar, :pie, :heatmap,
-    :contour, :surface, :path3d, :scatter3d, :shape, :scattergl,
+    :contour, :surface, :wireframe, :path3d, :scatter3d, :shape, :scattergl,
 ]
-supported_styles(::PlotlyBackend) = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot]
-supported_markers(::PlotlyBackend) = [
+const _plotly_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot]
+const _plotly_marker = [
    :none, :auto, :circle, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle,
    :cross, :xcross, :pentagon, :hexagon, :octagon, :vline, :hline
 ]
-supported_scales(::PlotlyBackend) = [:identity, :log10]
+const _plotly_scale = [:identity, :log10]
 is_subplot_supported(::PlotlyBackend) = true
-is_string_supported(::PlotlyBackend) = true
+# is_string_supported(::PlotlyBackend) = true


 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

+function add_backend_string(::PlotlyBackend)
+    """
+    Pkg.build("Plots")
+    """
+end
+
+
+const _plotly_js_path = joinpath(dirname(@__FILE__), "..", "..", "deps", "plotly-latest.min.js")
+const _plotly_js_path_remote = "https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-latest.min.js"
+
 function _initialize_backend(::PlotlyBackend; kw...)
  @eval begin
    import JSON
-    JSON._print(io::IO, state::JSON.State, dt::Union{Date,DateTime}) = print(io, '"', dt, '"')

-    _js_path = Pkg.dir("Plots", "deps", "plotly-latest.min.js")
-    _js_code = open(@compat(readstring), _js_path, "r")
+    _js_code = open(readstring, _plotly_js_path, "r")

    # borrowed from https://github.com/plotly/plotly.py/blob/2594076e29584ede2d09f2aa40a8a195b3f3fc66/plotly/offline/offline.py#L64-L71 c/o @spencerlyon2
    _js_script = """
@@ -84,6 +95,20 @@ end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

+const _plotly_legend_pos = KW(
+    :right => [1., 0.5],
+    :left => [0., 0.5],
+    :top => [0.5, 1.],
+    :bottom => [0.5, 0.],
+    :bottomleft => [0., 0.],
+    :bottomright => [1., 0.],
+    :topright => [1., 1.],
+    :topleft => [0., 1.]
+    )
+
+plotly_legend_pos(pos::Symbol) = get(_plotly_legend_pos, pos, [1.,1.])
+plotly_legend_pos{S<:Real, T<:Real}(v::Tuple{S,T}) = v
+
 function plotly_font(font::Font, color = font.color)
    KW(
        :family => font.family,
@@ -92,6 +117,7 @@ function plotly_font(font::Font, color = font.color)
    )
 end

+
 function plotly_annotation_dict(x, y, val; xref="paper", yref="paper")
    KW(
        :text => val,
@@ -108,7 +134,7 @@ function plotly_annotation_dict(x, y, ptxt::PlotText; xref="paper", yref="paper"
        :font => plotly_font(ptxt.font),
        :xanchor => ptxt.font.halign == :hcenter ? :center : ptxt.font.halign,
        :yanchor => ptxt.font.valign == :vcenter ? :middle : ptxt.font.valign,
-        :rotation => ptxt.font.rotation,
+        :rotation => -ptxt.font.rotation,
    ))
 end

@@ -143,11 +169,41 @@ function plotly_scale(scale::Symbol)
    end
 end

+function shrink_by(lo, sz, ratio)
+    amt = 0.5 * (1.0 - ratio) * sz
+    lo + amt, sz - 2amt
+end
+
+function plotly_apply_aspect_ratio(sp::Subplot, plotarea, pcts)
+    aspect_ratio = sp[:aspect_ratio]
+    if aspect_ratio != :none
+        if aspect_ratio == :equal
+            aspect_ratio = 1.0
+        end
+        xmin,xmax = axis_limits(sp[:xaxis])
+        ymin,ymax = axis_limits(sp[:yaxis])
+        want_ratio = ((xmax-xmin) / (ymax-ymin)) / aspect_ratio
+        parea_ratio = width(plotarea) / height(plotarea)
+        if want_ratio > parea_ratio
+            # need to shrink y
+            ratio = parea_ratio / want_ratio
+            pcts[2], pcts[4] = shrink_by(pcts[2], pcts[4], ratio)
+        elseif want_ratio < parea_ratio
+            # need to shrink x
+            ratio = want_ratio / parea_ratio
+            pcts[1], pcts[3] = shrink_by(pcts[1], pcts[3], ratio)
+        end
+        pcts
+    end
+    pcts
+end
+

 # this method gets the start/end in percentage of the canvas for this axis direction
 function plotly_domain(sp::Subplot, letter)
    figw, figh = sp.plt[:size]
    pcts = bbox_to_pcts(sp.plotarea, figw*px, figh*px)
+    pcts = plotly_apply_aspect_ratio(sp, sp.plotarea, pcts)
    i1,i2 = (letter == :x ? (1,3) : (2,4))
    [pcts[i1], pcts[i1]+pcts[i2]]
 end
@@ -159,6 +215,7 @@ function plotly_axis(axis::Axis, sp::Subplot)
        :title      => axis[:guide],
        :showgrid   => sp[:grid],
        :zeroline   => false,
+        :ticks      => "inside",
    )

    if letter in (:x,:y)
@@ -166,10 +223,7 @@ function plotly_axis(axis::Axis, sp::Subplot)
        ax[:anchor] = "$(letter==:x ? :y : :x)$(plotly_subplot_index(sp))"
    end

-    rot = axis[:rotation]
-    if rot != 0
-        ax[:tickangle] = rot
-    end
+    ax[:tickangle] = -axis[:rotation]

    if !(axis[:ticks] in (nothing, :none))
        ax[:titlefont] = plotly_font(axis[:guidefont], axis[:foreground_color_guide])
@@ -181,7 +235,7 @@ function plotly_axis(axis::Axis, sp::Subplot)
        # lims
        lims = axis[:lims]
        if lims != :auto && limsType(lims) == :limits
-            ax[:range] = lims
+            ax[:range] = map(scalefunc(axis[:scale]), lims)
        end

        # flip
@@ -191,7 +245,7 @@ function plotly_axis(axis::Axis, sp::Subplot)

        # ticks
        ticks = get_ticks(axis)
-        if ticks != :auto && ax[:type] != "-"
+        if ticks != :auto
            ttype = ticksType(ticks)
            if ttype == :ticks
                ax[:tickmode] = "array"
@@ -215,13 +269,14 @@ function plotly_layout(plt::Plot)
    w, h = plt[:size]
    d_out[:width], d_out[:height] = w, h
    d_out[:paper_bgcolor] = rgba_string(plt[:background_color_outside])
-    d_out[:margin] = KW(:l=>0, :b=>0, :r=>0, :t=>20)
+    d_out[:margin] = KW(:l=>0, :b=>20, :r=>0, :t=>20)

    d_out[:annotations] = KW[]

    for sp in plt.subplots
        spidx = plotly_subplot_index(sp)

+
        # add an annotation for the title... positioned horizontally relative to plotarea,
        # but vertically just below the top of the subplot bounding box
        if sp[:title] != ""
@@ -241,8 +296,6 @@ function plotly_layout(plt::Plot)

        d_out[:plot_bgcolor] = rgba_string(sp[:background_color_inside])

-        # TODO: x/y axis tick values/labels
-
        # if any(is3d, seriesargs)
        if is3d(sp)
            d_out[:scene] = KW(
@@ -257,17 +310,32 @@ function plotly_layout(plt::Plot)

        # legend
        d_out[:showlegend] = sp[:legend] != :none
+        xpos,ypos = plotly_legend_pos(sp[:legend])
        if sp[:legend] != :none
            d_out[:legend] = KW(
                :bgcolor  => rgba_string(sp[:background_color_legend]),
                :bordercolor => rgba_string(sp[:foreground_color_legend]),
                :font     => plotly_font(sp[:legendfont], sp[:foreground_color_legend]),
+                :x => xpos,
+                :y => ypos
            )
        end

        # annotations
        append!(d_out[:annotations], KW[plotly_annotation_dict(ann...; xref = "x$spidx", yref = "y$spidx") for ann in sp[:annotations]])

+        # series_annotations
+        for series in series_list(sp)
+            anns = series[:series_annotations]
+            for (xi,yi,str,fnt) in EachAnn(anns, series[:x], series[:y])
+                push!(d_out[:annotations], plotly_annotation_dict(
+                    xi,
+                    yi,
+                    PlotText(str,fnt); xref = "x$spidx", yref = "y$spidx")
+                )
+            end
+        end
+
        # # arrows
        # for sargs in seriesargs
        #     a = sargs[:arrow]
@@ -304,9 +372,11 @@ end
 plotly_colorscale(c, α) = plotly_colorscale(cgrad(alpha=α), α)
 # plotly_colorscale(c, alpha = nothing) = plotly_colorscale(cgrad(), alpha)

+
 const _plotly_markers = KW(
    :rect       => "square",
    :xcross     => "x",
+    :x          => "x",
    :utriangle  => "triangle-up",
    :dtriangle  => "triangle-down",
    :star5      => "star-triangle-up",
@@ -326,14 +396,23 @@ function plotly_close_shapes(x, y)
    xs, ys = nansplit(x), nansplit(y)
    for i=1:length(xs)
        shape = Shape(xs[i], ys[i])
-        xs[i], ys[i] = shape_coords(shape)
+        xs[i], ys[i] = coords(shape)
    end
    nanvcat(xs), nanvcat(ys)
 end

 plotly_data(v) = collect(v)
+plotly_data(surf::Surface) = surf.surf
 plotly_data{R<:Rational}(v::AbstractArray{R}) = float(v)

+plotly_surface_data(series::Series, a::AbstractVector) = a
+plotly_surface_data(series::Series, a::AbstractMatrix) = transpose_z(series, a, false)
+plotly_surface_data(series::Series, a::Surface) = plotly_surface_data(series, a.surf)
+
+#ensures that a gradient is called if a single color is supplied where a gradient is needed (e.g. if a series recipe defines marker_z)
+as_gradient(grad::ColorGradient, α) = grad
+as_gradient(grad, α) = cgrad(alpha = α)
+
 # get a dictionary representing the series params (d is the Plots-dict, d_out is the Plotly-dict)
 function plotly_series(plt::Plot, series::Series)
    st = series[:seriestype]
@@ -357,6 +436,20 @@ function plotly_series(plt::Plot, series::Series)
    hasmarker = isscatter || series[:markershape] != :none
    hasline = st in (:path, :path3d)

+    # for surface types, set the data
+    if st in (:heatmap, :contour, :surface, :wireframe)
+        for letter in [:x,:y,:z]
+            d_out[letter] = plotly_surface_data(series, series[letter])
+        end
+    end
+
+    d_out[:colorbar] = KW(:title => sp[:colorbar_title])
+
+    clims = sp[:clims]
+    if is_2tuple(clims)
+        d_out[:zmin], d_out[:zmax] = clims
+    end
+
    # set the "type"
    if st in (:path, :scatter, :scattergl)
        d_out[:type] = st==:scattergl ? "scattergl" : "scatter"
@@ -375,17 +468,21 @@ function plotly_series(plt::Plot, series::Series)

    elseif st == :bar
        d_out[:type] = "bar"
-        d_out[:x], d_out[:y] = x, y
-        d_out[:orientation] = isvertical(series) ? "v" : "h"
+        d_out[:x], d_out[:y], d_out[:orientation] = if isvertical(series)
+            x, y, "v"
+        else
+            y, x, "h"
+        end
+        d_out[:marker] = KW(:color => rgba_string(series[:fillcolor]))

    elseif st == :heatmap
        d_out[:type] = "heatmap"
-        d_out[:x], d_out[:y], d_out[:z] = series[:x], series[:y], transpose_z(series, series[:z].surf, false)
+        # d_out[:x], d_out[:y], d_out[:z] = series[:x], series[:y], transpose_z(series, series[:z].surf, false)
        d_out[:colorscale] = plotly_colorscale(series[:fillcolor], series[:fillalpha])

    elseif st == :contour
        d_out[:type] = "contour"
-        d_out[:x], d_out[:y], d_out[:z] = series[:x], series[:y], transpose_z(series, series[:z].surf, false)
+        # d_out[:x], d_out[:y], d_out[:z] = series[:x], series[:y], transpose_z(series, series[:z].surf, false)
        # d_out[:showscale] = series[:colorbar] != :none
        d_out[:ncontours] = series[:levels]
        d_out[:contours] = KW(:coloring => series[:fillrange] != nothing ? "fill" : "lines")
@@ -393,8 +490,21 @@ function plotly_series(plt::Plot, series::Series)

    elseif st in (:surface, :wireframe)
        d_out[:type] = "surface"
-        d_out[:x], d_out[:y], d_out[:z] = series[:x], series[:y], transpose_z(series, series[:z].surf, false)
-        d_out[:colorscale] = plotly_colorscale(series[:fillcolor], series[:fillalpha])
+        # d_out[:x], d_out[:y], d_out[:z] = series[:x], series[:y], transpose_z(series, series[:z].surf, false)
+        if st == :wireframe
+            d_out[:hidesurface] = true
+            wirelines = KW(
+                :show => true,
+                :color => rgba_string(series[:linecolor]),
+                :highlightwidth => series[:linewidth],
+            )
+            d_out[:contours] = KW(:x => wirelines, :y => wirelines, :z => wirelines)
+        else
+            d_out[:colorscale] = plotly_colorscale(series[:fillcolor], series[:fillalpha])
+            if series[:fill_z] != nothing
+                d_out[:surfacecolor] = plotly_surface_data(series, series[:fill_z])
+            end
+        end

    elseif st == :pie
        d_out[:type] = "pie"
@@ -435,9 +545,10 @@ function plotly_series(plt::Plot, series::Series)
            rgba_string(series[:markercolor])
        else
            # grad = ColorGradient(series[:markercolor], alpha=series[:markeralpha])
-            grad = series[:markercolor]
-            zmin, zmax = extrema(series[:marker_z])
-            [rgba_string(grad[(zi - zmin) / (zmax - zmin)]) for zi in series[:marker_z]]
+            grad = as_gradient(series[:markercolor], series[:markeralpha])
+            zmin, zmax = ignoreNaN_extrema(series[:marker_z])
+            zrange = zmax == zmin ? 1 : zmax - zmin # if all marker_z values are the same, plot all markers same color (avoids division by zero in next line)
+            [rgba_string(grad[(zi - zmin) / zrange]) for zi in series[:marker_z]]
        end
    end

@@ -466,10 +577,10 @@ end

 function plotly_series_shapes(plt::Plot, series::Series)
    d_outs = []
-    
+
    # TODO: create a d_out for each polygon
    # x, y = series[:x], series[:y]
-    
+
    # these are the axes that the series should be mapped to
    spidx = plotly_subplot_index(series[:subplot])
    base_d = KW()
@@ -477,7 +588,7 @@ function plotly_series_shapes(plt::Plot, series::Series)
    base_d[:yaxis] = "y$spidx"
    base_d[:name] = series[:label]
    # base_d[:legendgroup] = series[:label]
-    
+
    x, y = plotly_data(series[:x]), plotly_data(series[:y])
    for (i,rng) in enumerate(iter_segments(x,y))
        length(rng) < 2 && continue
@@ -536,8 +647,12 @@ end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

+const _use_remote = Ref(false)
+
 function html_head(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
-    "<script src=\"$(Pkg.dir("Plots","deps","plotly-latest.min.js"))\"></script>"
+    jsfilename = _use_remote[] ? _plotly_js_path_remote : _plotly_js_path
+    # "<script src=\"$(joinpath(dirname(@__FILE__),"..","..","deps","plotly-latest.min.js"))\"></script>"
+    "<script src=\"$jsfilename\"></script>"
 end

 function html_body(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}, style = nothing)
@@ -567,11 +682,12 @@ end
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------


-function _writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
-    writemime_png_from_html(io, plt)
+function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
+    # show_png_from_html(io, plt)
+    error("png output from the plotly backend is not supported.  Please use plotlyjs instead.")
 end

-function _writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/svg+xml", plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
+function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/svg+xml", plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
    write(io, html_head(plt) * html_body(plt))
 end

@@ -1,16 +1,29 @@

 # https://github.com/spencerlyon2/PlotlyJS.jl

-supported_args(::PlotlyJSBackend) = supported_args(PlotlyBackend())
-supported_types(::PlotlyJSBackend) = supported_types(PlotlyBackend())
-supported_styles(::PlotlyJSBackend) = supported_styles(PlotlyBackend())
-supported_markers(::PlotlyJSBackend) = supported_markers(PlotlyBackend())
-supported_scales(::PlotlyJSBackend) = supported_scales(PlotlyBackend())
-is_subplot_supported(::PlotlyJSBackend) = true
-is_string_supported(::PlotlyJSBackend) = true
+const _plotlyjs_attr        = _plotly_attr
+const _plotlyjs_seriestype  = _plotly_seriestype
+const _plotlyjs_style       = _plotly_style
+const _plotlyjs_marker      = _plotly_marker
+const _plotlyjs_scale       = _plotly_scale

 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

+
+function add_backend_string(::PlotlyJSBackend)
+    """
+    if !Plots.is_installed("PlotlyJS")
+        Pkg.add("PlotlyJS")
+    end
+    if !Plots.is_installed("Rsvg")
+        Pkg.add("Rsvg")
+    end
+    import Blink
+    Blink.AtomShell.install()
+    """
+end
+
+
 function _initialize_backend(::PlotlyJSBackend; kw...)
    @eval begin
        import PlotlyJS
@@ -27,7 +40,11 @@ end


 function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
-    PlotlyJS.plot()
+    if !isplotnull() && plt[:overwrite_figure] && isa(current().o, PlotlyJS.SyncPlot)
+        PlotlyJS.SyncPlot(PlotlyJS.Plot(), current().o.view)
+    else
+        PlotlyJS.plot()
+    end
 end


@@ -43,10 +60,15 @@ end

 function _series_updated(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}, series::Series)
    xsym, ysym = (ispolar(series) ? (:t,:r) : (:x,:y))
+    kw = KW(xsym => (series.d[:x],), ysym => (series.d[:y],))
+    z = series[:z]
+    if z != nothing
+        kw[:z] = (isa(z,Surface) ? transpose_z(series, series[:z].surf, false) : z,)
+    end
    PlotlyJS.restyle!(
        plt.o,
        findfirst(plt.series_list, series),
-        KW(xsym => (series.d[:x],), ysym => (series.d[:y],))
+        kw
    )
 end

@@ -63,16 +85,40 @@ end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-function _writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/svg+xml", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
-    writemime(io, MIME("text/html"), plt.o)
+function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/svg+xml", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+    if isijulia() && !_use_remote[]
+        write(io, PlotlyJS.html_body(PlotlyJS.JupyterPlot(plt.o)))
+    else
+        show(io, MIME("text/html"), plt.o)
+    end
 end

-function _writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
-    tmpfn = tempname() * ".png"
+function plotlyjs_save_hack(io::IO, plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}, ext::String)
+    tmpfn = tempname() * "." * ext
    PlotlyJS.savefig(plt.o, tmpfn)
    write(io, read(open(tmpfn)))
 end
+_show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotlyjs_save_hack(io, plt, "png")
+_show(io::IO, ::MIME"application/pdf", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotlyjs_save_hack(io, plt, "pdf")
+_show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/eps", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotlyjs_save_hack(io, plt, "eps")
+
+function write_temp_html(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+    filename = string(tempname(), ".html")
+    savefig(plt, filename)
+    filename
+end

 function _display(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
-    display(plt.o)
+    if get(ENV, "PLOTS_USE_ATOM_PLOTPANE", true) in (true, 1, "1", "true", "yes")
+        display(plt.o)
+    else
+        standalone_html_window(plt)
+    end
+end
+
+
+function closeall(::PlotlyJSBackend)
+    if !isplotnull() && isa(current().o, PlotlyJS.SyncPlot)
+        close(current().o)
+    end
 end
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # https://github.com/stevengj/PyPlot.jl


-supported_args(::PyPlotBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
+const _pyplot_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :annotations,
    :background_color_legend, :background_color_inside, :background_color_outside,
    :foreground_color_grid, :foreground_color_legend, :foreground_color_title,
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@ supported_args(::PyPlotBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
    :window_title,
    :guide, :lims, :ticks, :scale, :flip, :rotation,
    :tickfont, :guidefont, :legendfont,
-    :grid, :legend, :colorbar,
-    :marker_z,
-    :line_z,
+    :grid, :legend, :legendtitle, :colorbar,
+    :marker_z, :line_z, :fill_z,
    :levels,
    :ribbon, :quiver, :arrow,
    :orientation,
@@ -31,29 +30,42 @@ supported_args(::PyPlotBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
    :clims,
    :inset_subplots,
    :dpi,
+    :colorbar_title,
  ])
-supported_types(::PyPlotBackend) = [
+const _pyplot_seriestype = [
        :path, :steppre, :steppost, :shape,
        :scatter, :hexbin, #:histogram2d, :histogram,
        # :bar,
        :heatmap, :pie, :image,
        :contour, :contour3d, :path3d, :scatter3d, :surface, :wireframe
    ]
-supported_styles(::PyPlotBackend) = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot]
-supported_markers(::PyPlotBackend) = vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
-supported_scales(::PyPlotBackend) = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]
-is_subplot_supported(::PyPlotBackend) = true
+const _pyplot_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot]
+const _pyplot_marker = vcat(_allMarkers, :pixel)
+const _pyplot_scale = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]
+is_marker_supported(::PyPlotBackend, shape::Shape) = true


 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

+function add_backend_string(::PyPlotBackend)
+    """
+    if !Plots.is_installed("PyPlot")
+        Pkg.add("PyPlot")
+    end
+    withenv("PYTHON" => "") do
+        Pkg.build("PyPlot")
+    end
+
+    # now restart julia!
+    """
+end

 function _initialize_backend(::PyPlotBackend)
    @eval begin
        # problem: https://github.com/tbreloff/Plots.jl/issues/308
        # solution: hack from @stevengj: https://github.com/stevengj/PyPlot.jl/pull/223#issuecomment-229747768
        otherdisplays = splice!(Base.Multimedia.displays, 2:length(Base.Multimedia.displays))
-        import PyPlot
+        import PyPlot, PyCall
        import LaTeXStrings: latexstring
        append!(Base.Multimedia.displays, otherdisplays)

@@ -70,10 +82,10 @@ function _initialize_backend(::PyPlotBackend)
        const pytransforms = PyPlot.pywrap(PyPlot.pyimport("matplotlib.transforms"))
        const pycollections = PyPlot.pywrap(PyPlot.pyimport("matplotlib.collections"))
        const pyart3d = PyPlot.pywrap(PyPlot.pyimport("mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d"))
-    end

-    # we don't want every command to update the figure
-    PyPlot.ioff()
+        # we don't want every command to update the figure
+        PyPlot.ioff()
+    end
 end

 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -106,13 +118,15 @@ py_color(grad::ColorGradient) = py_color(grad.colors)

 function py_colormap(grad::ColorGradient)
    pyvals = [(z, py_color(grad[z])) for z in grad.values]
-    pycolors.LinearSegmentedColormap[:from_list]("tmp", pyvals)
+    cm = pycolors.LinearSegmentedColormap[:from_list]("tmp", pyvals)
+    cm[:set_bad](color=(0,0,0,0.0), alpha=0.0)
+    cm
 end
 py_colormap(c) = py_colormap(cgrad())


-function py_shading(c, z, α=nothing)
-    cmap = py_colormap(c, α)
+function py_shading(c, z)
+    cmap = py_colormap(c)
    ls = pycolors.pymember("LightSource")(270,45)
    ls[:shade](z, cmap, vert_exag=0.1, blend_mode="soft")
 end
@@ -129,7 +143,7 @@ function py_linestyle(seriestype::Symbol, linestyle::Symbol)
 end

 function py_marker(marker::Shape)
-    x, y = shape_coords(marker)
+    x, y = coords(marker)
    n = length(x)
    mat = zeros(n+1,2)
    for i=1:n
@@ -174,12 +188,13 @@ function py_marker(marker::Symbol)
    marker == :diamond && return "D"
    marker == :utriangle && return "^"
    marker == :dtriangle && return "v"
-    # marker == :cross && return "+"
-    # marker == :xcross && return "x"
+    marker == :+ && return "+"
+    marker == :x && return "x"
    marker == :star5 && return "*"
    marker == :pentagon && return "p"
    marker == :hexagon && return "h"
    marker == :octagon && return "8"
+    marker == :pixel && return ","
    haskey(_shapes, marker) && return py_marker(_shapes[marker])

    warn("Unknown marker $marker")
@@ -204,6 +219,12 @@ function py_stepstyle(seriestype::Symbol)
    return "default"
 end

+function py_fillstepstyle(seriestype::Symbol)
+    seriestype == :steppost && return "post"
+    seriestype == :steppre && return "pre"
+    return nothing
+end
+
 # # untested... return a FontProperties object from a Plots.Font
 # function py_font(font::Font)
 #     pyfont.pymember("FontProperties")(
@@ -234,6 +255,12 @@ function labelfunc(scale::Symbol, backend::PyPlotBackend)
    end
 end

+function py_mask_nans(z)
+    # PyPlot.pywrap(pynp.ma[:masked_invalid](PyPlot.pywrap(z)))
+    PyCall.pycall(pynp.ma[:masked_invalid], Any, z)
+    # pynp.ma[:masked_where](pynp.isnan(z),z)
+end
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 function fix_xy_lengths!(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
@@ -344,7 +371,7 @@ function py_bbox_title(ax)
 end

 function py_dpi_scale(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, ptsz)
-    ptsz * DPI / plt[:dpi]
+    ptsz * plt[:dpi] / DPI
 end

 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -398,10 +425,6 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
    sp = series[:subplot]
    ax = sp.o

-    if !(st in supported_types(plt.backend))
-        error("seriestype $(st) is unsupported in PyPlot.  Choose from: $(supported_types(plt.backend))")
-    end
-
    # PyPlot doesn't handle mismatched x/y
    fix_xy_lengths!(plt, series)

@@ -429,6 +452,9 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
        error("Only numbers and vectors are supported with levels keyword")
    end

+    # add custom frame shapes to markershape?
+    series_annotations_shapes!(series, :xy)
+
    # for each plotting command, optionally build and add a series handle to the list

    # line plot
@@ -458,6 +484,13 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
                    :linewidth => py_dpi_scale(plt, series[:linewidth]),
                    :linestyle => py_linestyle(st, series[:linestyle])
                )
+                clims = sp[:clims]
+                if is_2tuple(clims)
+                    extrakw = KW()
+                    isfinite(clims[1]) && (extrakw[:vmin] = clims[1])
+                    isfinite(clims[2]) && (extrakw[:vmax] = clims[2])
+                    kw[:norm] = pycolors.Normalize(; extrakw...)
+                end
                lz = collect(series[:line_z])
                handle = if is3d(st)
                    for rng in iter_segments(x, y, z)
@@ -537,16 +570,46 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
        else
            xyargs
        end
-        handle = ax[:scatter](xyargs...;
-            label = series[:label],
-            zorder = series[:series_plotindex] + 0.5,
-            marker = py_marker(series[:markershape]),
-            s = py_dpi_scale(plt, series[:markersize] .^ 2),
-            edgecolors = py_markerstrokecolor(series),
-            linewidths = py_dpi_scale(plt, series[:markerstrokewidth]),
-            extrakw...
-        )
-        push!(handles, handle)
+
+        if isa(series[:markershape], AbstractVector{Shape})
+            # this section will create one scatter per data point to accomodate the
+            # vector of shapes
+            handle = []
+            x,y = xyargs
+            shapes = series[:markershape]
+            msc = py_markerstrokecolor(series)
+            lw = py_dpi_scale(plt, series[:markerstrokewidth])
+            for i=1:length(y)
+                extrakw[:c] = if series[:marker_z] == nothing
+                    py_color_fix(py_color(cycle(series[:markercolor],i)), x)
+                else
+                    extrakw[:c]
+                end
+
+                push!(handle, ax[:scatter](cycle(x,i), cycle(y,i);
+                    label = series[:label],
+                    zorder = series[:series_plotindex] + 0.5,
+                    marker = py_marker(cycle(shapes,i)),
+                    s =  py_dpi_scale(plt, cycle(series[:markersize],i) .^ 2),
+                    edgecolors = msc,
+                    linewidths = lw,
+                    extrakw...
+                ))
+            end
+            push!(handles, handle)
+        else
+            # do a normal scatter plot
+            handle = ax[:scatter](xyargs...;
+                label = series[:label],
+                zorder = series[:series_plotindex] + 0.5,
+                marker = py_marker(series[:markershape]),
+                s = py_dpi_scale(plt, series[:markersize] .^ 2),
+                edgecolors = py_markerstrokecolor(series),
+                linewidths = py_dpi_scale(plt, series[:markerstrokewidth]),
+                extrakw...
+            )
+            push!(handles, handle)
+        end
    end

    if st == :hexbin
@@ -612,21 +675,21 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
                x = repmat(x', length(y), 1)
                y = repmat(y, 1, length(series[:x]))
            end
-            # z = z'
            z = transpose_z(series, z)
            if st == :surface
-                if series[:marker_z] != nothing
-                    extrakw[:facecolors] = py_shading(series[:fillcolor], series[:marker_z], series[:fillalpha])
+                clims = sp[:clims]
+                if is_2tuple(clims)
+                    isfinite(clims[1]) && (extrakw[:vmin] = clims[1])
+                    isfinite(clims[2]) && (extrakw[:vmax] = clims[2])
+                end
+                if series[:fill_z] != nothing
+                    # the surface colors are different than z-value
+                    extrakw[:facecolors] = py_shading(series[:fillcolor], transpose_z(series, series[:fill_z].surf))
                    extrakw[:shade] = false
-                    clims = sp[:clims]
-                    if is_2tuple(clims)
-                        isfinite(clims[1]) && (extrakw[:vmin] = clims[1])
-                        isfinite(clims[2]) && (extrakw[:vmax] = clims[2])
-                    end
                else
                    extrakw[:cmap] = py_fillcolormap(series)
-                    needs_colorbar = true
                end
+                needs_colorbar = true
            end
            handle = ax[st == :surface ? :plot_surface : :plot_wireframe](x, y, z;
                label = series[:label],
@@ -642,11 +705,11 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
            # contours on the axis planes
            if series[:contours]
                for (zdir,mat) in (("x",x), ("y",y), ("z",z))
-                    offset = (zdir == "y" ? maximum : minimum)(mat)
+                    offset = (zdir == "y" ? ignoreNaN_maximum : ignoreNaN_minimum)(mat)
                    handle = ax[:contourf](x, y, z, levelargs...;
                        zdir = zdir,
                        cmap = py_fillcolormap(series),
-                        offset = (zdir == "y" ? maximum : minimum)(mat)  # where to draw the contour plane
+                        offset = (zdir == "y" ? ignoreNaN_maximum : ignoreNaN_minimum)(mat)  # where to draw the contour plane
                    )
                    push!(handles, handle)
                    needs_colorbar = true
@@ -706,39 +769,28 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)

    if st == :heatmap
        x, y, z = heatmap_edges(x), heatmap_edges(y), transpose_z(series, z.surf)
-        # if !(eltype(z) <: Number)
-        #     z, discrete_colorbar_values = indices_and_unique_values(z)
-        # end
+
+        expand_extrema!(sp[:xaxis], x)
+        expand_extrema!(sp[:yaxis], y)
        dvals = sp[:zaxis][:discrete_values]
        if !isempty(dvals)
            discrete_colorbar_values = dvals
        end

        clims = sp[:clims]
-        if is_2tuple(clims)
-            isfinite(clims[1]) && (extrakw[:vmin] = clims[1])
-            isfinite(clims[2]) && (extrakw[:vmax] = clims[2])
-        end
-        
-        handle = ax[:pcolormesh](x, y, z;
+        zmin, zmax = ignoreNaN_extrema(z)
+        extrakw[:vmin] = (is_2tuple(clims) && isfinite(clims[1])) ? clims[1] : zmin
+        extrakw[:vmax] = (is_2tuple(clims) && isfinite(clims[2])) ? clims[2] : zmax
+
+        handle = ax[:pcolormesh](x, y, py_mask_nans(z);
            label = series[:label],
            zorder = series[:series_plotindex],
            cmap = py_fillcolormap(series),
-            edgecolors = (series[:linewidth] > 0 ? py_linecolor(series) : "face"),
+            # edgecolors = (series[:linewidth] > 0 ? py_linecolor(series) : "face"),
            extrakw...
        )
        push!(handles, handle)
        needs_colorbar = true
-
-        # TODO: this should probably be handled generically
-        # expand extrema... handle is a QuadMesh object
-        for path in handle[:properties]()["paths"]
-            verts = path[:vertices]
-            xmin, ymin = minimum(verts, 1)
-            xmax, ymax = maximum(verts, 1)
-            expand_extrema!(sp, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
-        end
-
    end

    if st == :shape
@@ -758,16 +810,6 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
                push!(handle, ax[:add_patch](patches))
            end
        end
-        # path = py_path(x, y)
-        # patches = pypatches.pymember("PathPatch")(path;
-        #     label = series[:label],
-        #     zorder = series[:series_plotindex],
-        #     edgecolor = py_linecolor(series),
-        #     facecolor = py_fillcolor(series),
-        #     linewidth = py_dpi_scale(plt, series[:linewidth]),
-        #     fill = true
-        # )
-        # handle = ax[:add_patch](patches)
        push!(handles, handle)
    end

@@ -781,7 +823,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
        # # expand extrema... get list of Wedge objects
        # for wedge in handle
        #     path = wedge[:get_path]()
-        #     for 
+        #     for
        lim = 1.1
        expand_extrema!(sp, -lim, lim, -lim, lim)
    end
@@ -809,7 +851,9 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
        # note: the colorbar axis is positioned independently from the subplot axis
        fig = plt.o
        cbax = fig[:add_axes]([0.8,0.1,0.03,0.8], label = string(gensym()))
-        sp.attr[:cbar_handle] = fig[:colorbar](handle; cax = cbax, kw...)
+        cb = fig[:colorbar](handle; cax = cbax, kw...)
+        cb[:set_label](sp[:colorbar_title])
+        sp.attr[:cbar_handle] = cb
        sp.attr[:cbar_ax] = cbax
    end

@@ -828,13 +872,19 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
            dim1, expand_data(fillrange[1], n), expand_data(fillrange[2], n)
        end

-        handle = ax[f](args...;
+        handle = ax[f](args..., trues(n), false, py_fillstepstyle(st);
            zorder = series[:series_plotindex],
            facecolor = py_fillcolor(series),
            linewidths = 0
        )
        push!(handles, handle)
    end
+
+    # this is all we need to add the series_annotations text
+    anns = series[:series_annotations]
+    for (xi,yi,str,fnt) in EachAnn(anns, x, y)
+        py_add_annotations(sp, xi, yi, PlotText(str, fnt))
+    end
 end

 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -871,17 +921,19 @@ end
 function py_compute_axis_minval(axis::Axis)
    # compute the smallest absolute value for the log scale's linear threshold
    minval = 1.0
-    sp = axis.sp
-    for series in series_list(axis.sp)
-        v = series.d[axis[:letter]]
-        if !isempty(v)
-            minval = min(minval, minimum(abs(v)))
+    sps = axis.sps
+    for sp in sps
+        for series in series_list(sp)
+            v = series.d[axis[:letter]]
+            if !isempty(v)
+                minval = NaNMath.min(minval, ignoreNaN_minimum(abs(v)))
+            end
        end
    end

    # now if the axis limits go to a smaller abs value, use that instead
    vmin, vmax = axis_limits(axis)
-    minval = min(minval, abs(vmin), abs(vmax))
+    minval = NaNMath.min(minval, abs(vmin), abs(vmax))

    minval
 end
@@ -902,7 +954,7 @@ function py_set_scale(ax, axis::Axis)
        elseif scale == :log10
            10
        end
-        kw[Symbol(:linthresh,letter)] = max(1e-16, py_compute_axis_minval(axis))
+        kw[Symbol(:linthresh,letter)] = NaNMath.max(1e-16, py_compute_axis_minval(axis))
        "symlog"
    end
    func(arg; kw...)
@@ -935,7 +987,7 @@ function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
    fig[:set_size_inches](w/dpi, h/dpi, forward = true)
    fig[:set_facecolor](py_color(plt[:background_color_outside]))
    fig[:set_dpi](dpi)
-    
+
    # resize the window
    PyPlot.plt[:get_current_fig_manager]()[:resize](w, h)

@@ -973,6 +1025,7 @@ function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
            end
            ax[func][:set_text](sp[:title])
            ax[func][:set_fontsize](py_dpi_scale(plt, sp[:titlefont].pointsize))
+            ax[func][:set_family](sp[:titlefont].family)
            ax[func][:set_color](py_color(sp[:foreground_color_title]))
            # ax[:set_title](sp[:title], loc = loc)
        end
@@ -980,8 +1033,15 @@ function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
        # axis attributes
        for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
            axissym = Symbol(letter, :axis)
-            axis = sp[axissym]
            haskey(ax, axissym) || continue
+            axis = sp[axissym]
+            pyaxis = ax[axissym]
+            if axis[:mirror] && letter != :z
+                pos = letter == :x ? "top" : "right"
+                pyaxis[:set_label_position](pos)     # the guides
+                pyaxis[:set_ticks_position]("both")  # the hash marks
+                pyaxis[Symbol(:tick_, pos)]()        # the tick labels
+            end
            py_set_scale(ax, axis)
            py_set_lims(ax, axis)
            py_set_ticks(ax, get_ticks(axis), letter)
@@ -989,14 +1049,16 @@ function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
            if get(axis.d, :flip, false)
                ax[Symbol("invert_", letter, "axis")]()
            end
-            ax[axissym][:label][:set_fontsize](py_dpi_scale(plt, axis[:guidefont].pointsize))
+            pyaxis[:label][:set_fontsize](py_dpi_scale(plt, axis[:guidefont].pointsize))
+            pyaxis[:label][:set_family](axis[:guidefont].family)
            for lab in ax[Symbol("get_", letter, "ticklabels")]()
                lab[:set_fontsize](py_dpi_scale(plt, axis[:tickfont].pointsize))
+                lab[:set_family](axis[:tickfont].family)
                lab[:set_rotation](axis[:rotation])
            end
            if sp[:grid]
                fgcolor = py_color(sp[:foreground_color_grid])
-                ax[axissym][:grid](true, color = fgcolor)
+                pyaxis[:grid](true, color = fgcolor, linestyle = ":")
                ax[:set_axisbelow](true)
            end
            py_set_axis_colors(ax, axis)
@@ -1012,7 +1074,7 @@ function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
        py_add_legend(plt, sp, ax)

        # this sets the bg color inside the grid
-        ax[:set_axis_bgcolor](py_color(sp[:background_color_inside]))
+        ax[:set_facecolor](py_color(sp[:background_color_inside]))
    end
    py_drawfig(fig)
 end
@@ -1044,7 +1106,7 @@ function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot{PyPlotBackend})
    # optionally add the width of colorbar labels and colorbar to rightpad
    if haskey(sp.attr, :cbar_ax)
        bb = py_bbox(sp.attr[:cbar_handle][:ax][:get_yticklabels]())
-        sp.attr[:cbar_width] = _cbar_width + width(bb) + 1mm
+        sp.attr[:cbar_width] = _cbar_width + width(bb) + 2.3mm + (sp[:colorbar_title] == "" ? 0px : 30px)
        rightpad = rightpad + sp.attr[:cbar_width]
    end

@@ -1121,13 +1183,15 @@ function py_add_legend(plt::Plot, sp::Subplot, ax)
                loc = get(_pyplot_legend_pos, leg, "best"),
                scatterpoints = 1,
                fontsize = py_dpi_scale(plt, sp[:legendfont].pointsize)
+                # family = sp[:legendfont].family
                # framealpha = 0.6
            )
            leg[:set_zorder](1000)
+            sp[:legendtitle] != nothing && leg[:set_title](sp[:legendtitle])

            fgcolor = py_color(sp[:foreground_color_legend])
            for txt in leg[:get_texts]()
-                PyPlot.plt[:setp](txt, color = fgcolor)
+                PyPlot.plt[:setp](txt, color = fgcolor, family = sp[:legendfont].family)
            end

            # set some legend properties
@@ -1184,16 +1248,18 @@ const _pyplot_mimeformats = Dict(


 for (mime, fmt) in _pyplot_mimeformats
-    @eval function _writemime(io::IO, ::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
+    @eval function _show(io::IO, ::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
        fig = plt.o
-        fig.o[:canvas][:print_figure](
+        fig[:canvas][:print_figure](
            io,
            format=$fmt,
            # bbox_inches = "tight",
            # figsize = map(px2inch, plt[:size]),
-            facecolor = fig.o[:get_facecolor](),
+            facecolor = fig[:get_facecolor](),
            edgecolor = "none",
            dpi = plt[:dpi]
        )
    end
 end
+
+closeall(::PyPlotBackend) = PyPlot.plt[:close]("all")
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ end
    # "image/png"               => "png",
    # "application/postscript"  => "ps",
    # "image/svg+xml"           => "svg"
-function _writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{[PkgName]Backend})
+function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{[PkgName]Backend})
 end

 # Display/show the plot (open a GUI window, or browser page, for example).
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@

 # https://github.com/Evizero/UnicodePlots.jl

-supported_args(::UnicodePlotsBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
+const _unicodeplots_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :label,
    :legend,
    :seriescolor,
@@ -12,21 +12,30 @@ supported_args(::UnicodePlotsBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
    :title,
    :guide, :lims,
  ])
-supported_types(::UnicodePlotsBackend) = [
+const _unicodeplots_seriestype = [
    :path, :scatter,
-    :histogram2d
+    # :bar,
+    :shape,
+    :histogram2d,
+    :spy
 ]
-supported_styles(::UnicodePlotsBackend) = [:auto, :solid]
-supported_markers(::UnicodePlotsBackend) = [:none, :auto, :circle]
-supported_scales(::UnicodePlotsBackend) = [:identity]
-is_subplot_supported(::UnicodePlotsBackend) = true
+const _unicodeplots_style = [:auto, :solid]
+const _unicodeplots_marker = [:none, :auto, :circle]
+const _unicodeplots_scale = [:identity]


 # don't warn on unsupported... there's just too many warnings!!
-warnOnUnsupported_args(pkg::UnicodePlotsBackend, d::KW) = nothing
+warnOnUnsupported_args(::UnicodePlotsBackend, d::KW) = nothing

 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

+function add_backend_string(::UnicodePlotsBackend)
+    """
+    Pkg.add("UnicodePlots")
+    Pkg.build("UnicodePlots")
+    """
+end
+
 function _initialize_backend(::UnicodePlotsBackend; kw...)
    @eval begin
        import UnicodePlots
@@ -36,9 +45,21 @@ end

 # -------------------------------

+const _canvas_type = Ref(:auto)
+
+function _canvas_map()
+    KW(
+        :braille => UnicodePlots.BrailleCanvas,
+        :ascii => UnicodePlots.AsciiCanvas,
+        :block => UnicodePlots.BlockCanvas,
+        :dot => UnicodePlots.DotCanvas,
+        :density => UnicodePlots.DensityCanvas,
+    )
+end
+

 # do all the magic here... build it all at once, since we need to know about all the series at the very beginning
-function rebuildUnicodePlot!(plt::Plot)
+function rebuildUnicodePlot!(plt::Plot, width, height)
    plt.o = []

    for sp in plt.subplots
@@ -57,8 +78,33 @@ function rebuildUnicodePlot!(plt::Plot)
        y = Float64[ylim[1]]

        # create a plot window with xlim/ylim set, but the X/Y vectors are outside the bounds
-        width, height = plt[:size]
-        canvas_type = isijulia() ? UnicodePlots.AsciiCanvas : UnicodePlots.BrailleCanvas
+        ct = _canvas_type[]
+        canvas_type = if ct == :auto
+            isijulia() ? UnicodePlots.AsciiCanvas : UnicodePlots.BrailleCanvas
+        else
+            _canvas_map()[ct]
+        end
+
+        # special handling for spy
+        if length(sp.series_list) == 1
+            series = sp.series_list[1]
+            if series[:seriestype] == :spy
+                push!(plt.o, UnicodePlots.spy(
+                    series[:z].surf,
+                    width = width,
+                    height = height,
+                    title = sp[:title],
+                    canvas = canvas_type
+                ))
+                continue
+            end
+        end
+
+        # # make it a bar canvas if plotting bar
+        # if any(series -> series[:seriestype] == :bar, series_list(sp))
+        #     canvas_type = UnicodePlots.BarplotGraphics
+        # end
+
        o = UnicodePlots.Plot(x, y, canvas_type;
            width = width,
            height = height,
@@ -96,6 +142,10 @@ function addUnicodeSeries!(o, d::KW, addlegend::Bool, xlim, ylim)
        func = UnicodePlots.lineplot!
    elseif st == :scatter || d[:markershape] != :none
        func = UnicodePlots.scatterplot!
+    # elseif st == :bar
+    #     func = UnicodePlots.barplot!
+    elseif st == :shape
+        func = UnicodePlots.lineplot!
    else
        error("Linestyle $st not supported by UnicodePlots")
    end
@@ -108,12 +158,13 @@ function addUnicodeSeries!(o, d::KW, addlegend::Bool, xlim, ylim)
    color = d[:linecolor] in UnicodePlots.color_cycle ? d[:linecolor] : :auto

    # add the series
+    x, y = Plots.unzip(collect(filter(xy->isfinite(xy[1])&&isfinite(xy[2]), zip(x,y))))
    func(o, x, y; color = color, name = label)
 end

 # -------------------------------

-# since this is such a hack, it's only callable using `png`... should error during normal `writemime`
+# since this is such a hack, it's only callable using `png`... should error during normal `show`
 function png(plt::AbstractPlot{UnicodePlotsBackend}, fn::AbstractString)
    fn = addExtension(fn, "png")

@@ -122,7 +173,7 @@ function png(plt::AbstractPlot{UnicodePlotsBackend}, fn::AbstractString)
    gui(plt)

    # @osx_only begin
-    @compat @static if is_apple()
+    @static if is_apple()
        # BEGIN HACK

        # wait while the plot gets drawn
@@ -143,21 +194,21 @@ end

 # we don't do very much for subplots... just stack them vertically

-function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{UnicodePlotsBackend})
-  w, h = plt[:size]
-  plt.attr[:size] = div(w, 10), div(h, 20)
-  plt.attr[:color_palette] = [RGB(0,0,0)]
-  rebuildUnicodePlot!(plt)
+function unicodeplots_rebuild(plt::Plot{UnicodePlotsBackend})
+    w, h = plt[:size]
+    plt.attr[:color_palette] = [RGB(0,0,0)]
+    rebuildUnicodePlot!(plt, div(w, 10), div(h, 20))
 end

-function _writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"text/plain", plt::Plot{UnicodePlotsBackend})
-  map(show, plt.o)
-  nothing
+function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/plain", plt::Plot{UnicodePlotsBackend})
+    unicodeplots_rebuild(plt)
+    map(show, plt.o)
+    nothing
 end


 function _display(plt::Plot{UnicodePlotsBackend})
-  map(show, plt.o)
-  nothing
+    unicodeplots_rebuild(plt)
+    map(show, plt.o)
+    nothing
 end
-
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ function standalone_html(plt::AbstractPlot; title::AbstractString = get(plt.attr
 end

 function open_browser_window(filename::AbstractString)
-    @compat @static if is_apple()
+    @static if is_apple()
        return run(`open $(filename)`)
    end
-    @compat @static if is_linux()
+    @static if is_linux() || is_bsd()    # is_bsd() addition is as yet untested, but based on suggestion in https://github.com/JuliaPlots/Plots.jl/issues/681
        return run(`xdg-open $(filename)`)
    end
-    @compat @static if is_windows()
-        return run(`$(ENV["COMSPEC"]) /c start $(filename)`)
+    @static if is_windows()
+        return run(`$(ENV["COMSPEC"]) /c start "" "$(filename)"`)
    end
    warn("Unknown OS... cannot open browser window.")
 end
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ function html_to_png(html_fn, png_fn, w, h)
    run(`wkhtmltoimage -f png -q --width $w --height $h --disable-smart-width $html_fn $png_fn`)
 end

-function writemime_png_from_html(io::IO, plt::AbstractPlot)
+function show_png_from_html(io::IO, plt::AbstractPlot)
    # write html to a temporary file
    html_fn = write_temp_html(plt)

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@


-typealias P2 FixedSizeArrays.Vec{2,Float64}
-typealias P3 FixedSizeArrays.Vec{3,Float64}
+const P2 = FixedSizeArrays.Vec{2,Float64}
+const P3 = FixedSizeArrays.Vec{3,Float64}

 nanpush!(a::AbstractVector{P2}, b) = (push!(a, P2(NaN,NaN)); push!(a, b))
 nanappend!(a::AbstractVector{P2}, b) = (push!(a, P2(NaN,NaN)); append!(a, b))
@@ -23,21 +23,24 @@ immutable Shape
    # end
 end
 Shape(verts::AVec) = Shape(unzip(verts)...)
+Shape(s::Shape) = deepcopy(s)

 get_xs(shape::Shape) = shape.x
 get_ys(shape::Shape) = shape.y
 vertices(shape::Shape) = collect(zip(shape.x, shape.y))

+#deprecated
+@deprecate shape_coords coords

-function shape_coords(shape::Shape)
+function coords(shape::Shape)
    shape.x, shape.y
 end

-function shape_coords(shapes::AVec{Shape})
+function coords(shapes::AVec{Shape})
    length(shapes) == 0 && return zeros(0), zeros(0)
    xs = map(get_xs, shapes)
    ys = map(get_ys, shapes)
-    x, y = map(copy, shape_coords(shapes[1]))
+    x, y = map(copy, coords(shapes[1]))
    for shape in shapes[2:end]
        nanappend!(x, shape.x)
        nanappend!(y, shape.y)
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ end

 "get an array of tuples of points on a circle with radius `r`"
 function partialcircle(start_θ, end_θ, n = 20, r=1)
-  @compat(Tuple{Float64,Float64})[(r*cos(u),r*sin(u)) for u in linspace(start_θ, end_θ, n)]
+    Tuple{Float64,Float64}[(r*cos(u),r*sin(u)) for u in linspace(start_θ, end_θ, n)]
 end

 "interleave 2 vectors into each other (like a zipper's teeth)"
@@ -72,13 +75,13 @@ function makestar(n; offset = -0.5, radius = 1.0)
    z2 = z1 + π / (n)
    outercircle = partialcircle(z1, z1 + 2π, n+1, radius)
    innercircle = partialcircle(z2, z2 + 2π, n+1, 0.4radius)
-    Shape(weave(outercircle, innercircle)[1:end-2])
+    Shape(weave(outercircle, innercircle))
 end

 "create a shape by picking points around the unit circle.  `n` is the number of point/sides, `offset` is the starting angle"
 function makeshape(n; offset = -0.5, radius = 1.0)
    z = offset * π
-    Shape(partialcircle(z, z + 2π, n+1, radius)[1:end-1])
+    Shape(partialcircle(z, z + 2π, n+1, radius))
 end


@@ -88,7 +91,7 @@ function makecross(; offset = -0.5, radius = 1.0)
    outercircle = partialcircle(z1, z1 + 2π, 9, radius)
    innercircle = partialcircle(z2, z2 + 2π, 5, 0.5radius)
    Shape(weave(outercircle, innercircle,
-                ordering=Vector[outercircle,innercircle,outercircle])[1:end-2])
+                ordering=Vector[outercircle,innercircle,outercircle]))
 end


@@ -110,6 +113,8 @@ const _shape_keys = Symbol[
  :xcross,
  :utriangle,
  :dtriangle,
+  :rtriangle,
+  :ltriangle,
  :pentagon,
  :heptagon,
  :octagon,
@@ -119,14 +124,18 @@ const _shape_keys = Symbol[
  :star8,
  :vline,
  :hline,
+  :+,
+  :x,
 ]

 const _shapes = KW(
    :circle    => makeshape(20),
    :rect       => makeshape(4, offset=-0.25),
    :diamond    => makeshape(4),
-    :utriangle  => makeshape(3),
-    :dtriangle  => makeshape(3, offset=0.5),
+    :utriangle  => makeshape(3, offset=0.5),
+    :dtriangle  => makeshape(3, offset=-0.5),
+    :rtriangle  => makeshape(3, offset=0.0),
+    :ltriangle  => makeshape(3, offset=1.0),
    :pentagon   => makeshape(5),
    :hexagon    => makeshape(6),
    :heptagon   => makeshape(7),
@@ -141,12 +150,14 @@ for n in [4,5,6,7,8]
  _shapes[Symbol("star$n")] = makestar(n)
 end

+Shape(k::Symbol) = deepcopy(_shapes[k])
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------


 # uses the centroid calculation from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centroid#Centroid_of_polygon
 function center(shape::Shape)
-    x, y = shape_coords(shape)
+    x, y = coords(shape)
    n = length(x)
    A, Cx, Cy = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
    for i=1:n
@@ -163,8 +174,8 @@ function center(shape::Shape)
    Cx / 6A, Cy / 6A
 end

-function Base.scale!(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x, c = center(shape))
-    sx, sy = shape_coords(shape)
+function scale!(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x, c = center(shape))
+    sx, sy = coords(shape)
    cx, cy = c
    for i=1:length(sx)
        sx[i] = (sx[i] - cx) * x + cx
@@ -173,13 +184,13 @@ function Base.scale!(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x, c = center(shape))
    shape
 end

-function Base.scale(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x, c = center(shape))
+function scale(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x, c = center(shape))
    shapecopy = deepcopy(shape)
-    scale!(shape, x, y, c)
+    scale!(shapecopy, x, y, c)
 end

 function translate!(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x)
-    sx, sy = shape_coords(shape)
+    sx, sy = coords(shape)
    for i=1:length(sx)
        sx[i] += x
        sy[i] += y
@@ -189,7 +200,7 @@ end

 function translate(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x)
    shapecopy = deepcopy(shape)
-    translate!(shape, x, y)
+    translate!(shapecopy, x, y)
 end

 function rotate_x(x::Real, y::Real, Θ::Real, centerx::Real, centery::Real)
@@ -206,11 +217,12 @@ function rotate(x::Real, y::Real, θ::Real, c = center(shape))
 end

 function rotate!(shape::Shape, Θ::Real, c = center(shape))
-    x, y = shape_coords(shape)
+    x, y = coords(shape)
    cx, cy = c
    for i=1:length(x)
-        x[i] = rotate_x(x[i], y[i], Θ, cx, cy)
-        y[i] = rotate_y(x[i], y[i], Θ, cx, cy)
+        xi = rotate_x(x[i], y[i], Θ, cx, cy)
+        yi = rotate_y(x[i], y[i], Θ, cx, cy)
+        x[i], y[i] = xi, yi
    end
    shape
 end
@@ -223,7 +235,7 @@ end
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------


-immutable Font
+type Font
  family::AbstractString
  pointsize::Int
  halign::Symbol
@@ -236,7 +248,7 @@ end
 function font(args...)

  # defaults
-  family = "Helvetica"
+  family = "sans-serif"
  pointsize = 14
  halign = :hcenter
  valign = :vcenter
@@ -280,6 +292,17 @@ function font(args...)
  Font(family, pointsize, halign, valign, rotation, color)
 end

+function scalefontsize(k::Symbol, factor::Number)
+    f = default(k)
+    f.pointsize = round(Int, factor * f.pointsize)
+    default(k, f)
+end
+function scalefontsizes(factor::Number)
+    for k in (:titlefont, :guidefont, :tickfont, :legendfont)
+        scalefontsize(k, factor)
+    end
+end
+
 "Wrap a string with font info"
 immutable PlotText
  str::AbstractString
@@ -293,11 +316,7 @@ function text(str, args...)
  PlotText(string(str), font(args...))
 end

-
-annotations(::Void) = []
-annotations(anns::AVec) = anns
-annotations(anns) = Any[anns]
-
+Base.length(t::PlotText) = length(t.str)

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------

@@ -311,9 +330,9 @@ immutable Stroke
 end

 function stroke(args...; alpha = nothing)
-  width = nothing
-  color = nothing
-  style = nothing
+  width = 1
+  color = :black
+  style = :solid

  for arg in args
    T = typeof(arg)
@@ -347,8 +366,8 @@ immutable Brush
 end

 function brush(args...; alpha = nothing)
-  size = nothing
-  color = nothing
+  size = 1
+  color = :black

  for arg in args
    T = typeof(arg)
@@ -373,13 +392,116 @@ end

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------

+type SeriesAnnotations
+    strs::AbstractVector  # the labels/names
+    font::Font
+    baseshape::Nullable
+    scalefactor::Tuple
+end
+function series_annotations(strs::AbstractVector, args...)
+    fnt = font()
+    shp = Nullable{Any}()
+    scalefactor = (1,1)
+    for arg in args
+        if isa(arg, Shape) || (isa(arg, AbstractVector) && eltype(arg) == Shape)
+            shp = Nullable(arg)
+        elseif isa(arg, Font)
+            fnt = arg
+        elseif isa(arg, Symbol) && haskey(_shapes, arg)
+            shp = _shapes[arg]
+        elseif isa(arg, Number)
+            scalefactor = (arg,arg)
+        elseif is_2tuple(arg)
+            scalefactor = arg
+        else
+            warn("Unused SeriesAnnotations arg: $arg ($(typeof(arg)))")
+        end
+    end
+    # if scalefactor != 1
+    #     for s in get(shp)
+    #         scale!(s, scalefactor, scalefactor, (0,0))
+    #     end
+    # end
+    SeriesAnnotations(strs, fnt, shp, scalefactor)
+end
+series_annotations(anns::SeriesAnnotations) = anns
+series_annotations(::Void) = nothing
+
+function series_annotations_shapes!(series::Series, scaletype::Symbol = :pixels)
+    anns = series[:series_annotations]
+    # msw,msh = anns.scalefactor
+    # ms = series[:markersize]
+    # msw,msh = if isa(ms, AbstractVector)
+    #     1,1
+    # elseif is_2tuple(ms)
+    #     ms
+    # else
+    #     ms,ms
+    # end
+
+    # @show msw msh
+    if anns != nothing && !isnull(anns.baseshape)
+        # we use baseshape to overwrite the markershape attribute
+        # with a list of custom shapes for each
+        msw,msh = anns.scalefactor
+        msize = Float64[]
+        shapes = Shape[begin
+            str = cycle(anns.strs,i)
+
+            # get the width and height of the string (in mm)
+            sw, sh = text_size(str, anns.font.pointsize)
+
+            # how much to scale the base shape?
+            # note: it's a rough assumption that the shape fills the unit box [-1,-1,1,1],
+            #       so we scale the length-2 shape by 1/2 the total length
+            scalar = (backend() == PyPlotBackend() ? 1.7 : 1.0)
+            xscale = 0.5to_pixels(sw) * scalar
+            yscale = 0.5to_pixels(sh) * scalar
+
+            # we save the size of the larger direction to the markersize list,
+            # and then re-scale a copy of baseshape to match the w/h ratio
+            maxscale = max(xscale, yscale)
+            push!(msize, maxscale)
+            baseshape = cycle(get(anns.baseshape),i)
+            shape = scale(baseshape, msw*xscale/maxscale, msh*yscale/maxscale, (0,0))
+        end for i=1:length(anns.strs)]
+        series[:markershape] = shapes
+        series[:markersize] = msize
+    end
+    return
+end
+
+type EachAnn
+    anns
+    x
+    y
+end
+Base.start(ea::EachAnn) = 1
+Base.done(ea::EachAnn, i) = ea.anns == nothing || isempty(ea.anns.strs) || i > length(ea.y)
+function Base.next(ea::EachAnn, i)
+    tmp = cycle(ea.anns.strs,i)
+    str,fnt = if isa(tmp, PlotText)
+        tmp.str, tmp.font
+    else
+        tmp, ea.anns.font
+    end
+    ((cycle(ea.x,i), cycle(ea.y,i), str, fnt), i+1)
+end
+
+annotations(::Void) = []
+annotations(anns::AVec) = anns
+annotations(anns) = Any[anns]
+annotations(sa::SeriesAnnotations) = sa
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 "type which represents z-values for colors and sizes (and anything else that might come up)"
 immutable ZValues
  values::Vector{Float64}
  zrange::Tuple{Float64,Float64}
 end

-function zvalues{T<:Real}(values::AVec{T}, zrange::Tuple{T,T} = (minimum(values), maximum(values)))
+function zvalues{T<:Real}(values::AVec{T}, zrange::Tuple{T,T} = (ignoreNaN_minimum(values), ignoreNaN_maximum(values)))
  ZValues(collect(float(values)), map(Float64, zrange))
 end

@@ -399,7 +521,7 @@ Base.Array(surf::Surface) = surf.surf
 for f in (:length, :size)
  @eval Base.$f(surf::Surface, args...) = $f(surf.surf, args...)
 end
-Base.copy(surf::Surface) = Surface{typeof(surf.surf)}(copy(surf.surf))
+Base.copy(surf::Surface) = Surface(copy(surf.surf))
 Base.eltype{T}(surf::Surface{T}) = eltype(T)

 function expand_extrema!(a::Axis, surf::Surface)
@@ -415,24 +537,59 @@ immutable SurfaceFunction <: AbstractSurface
    f::Function
 end

+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# # I don't want to clash with ValidatedNumerics, but this would be nice:
+# ..(a::T, b::T) = (a,b)
+
+immutable Volume{T}
+    v::Array{T,3}
+    x_extents::Tuple{T,T}
+    y_extents::Tuple{T,T}
+    z_extents::Tuple{T,T}
+end
+
+default_extents{T}(::Type{T}) = (zero(T), one(T))
+
+function Volume{T}(v::Array{T,3},
+                   x_extents = default_extents(T),
+                   y_extents = default_extents(T),
+                   z_extents = default_extents(T))
+    Volume(v, x_extents, y_extents, z_extents)
+end
+
+Base.Array(vol::Volume) = vol.v
+for f in (:length, :size)
+  @eval Base.$f(vol::Volume, args...) = $f(vol.v, args...)
+end
+Base.copy{T}(vol::Volume{T}) = Volume{T}(copy(vol.v), vol.x_extents, vol.y_extents, vol.z_extents)
+Base.eltype{T}(vol::Volume{T}) = T
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------

 # style is :open or :closed (for now)
 immutable Arrow
    style::Symbol
+    side::Symbol  # :head (default), :tail, or :both
    headlength::Float64
    headwidth::Float64
 end

 function arrow(args...)
    style = :simple
+    side = :head
    headlength = 0.3
    headwidth = 0.3
    setlength = false
    for arg in args
        T = typeof(arg)
        if T == Symbol
-            style = arg
+            if arg in (:head, :tail, :both)
+                side = arg
+            else
+                style = arg
+            end
        elseif T <: Number
            # first we apply to both, but if there's more, then only change width after the first number
            headwidth = Float64(arg)
@@ -446,7 +603,7 @@ function arrow(args...)
            warn("Skipped arrow arg $arg")
        end
    end
-    Arrow(style, headlength, headwidth)
+    Arrow(style, side, headlength, headwidth)
 end


@@ -465,58 +622,45 @@ function add_arrows(func::Function, x::AVec, y::AVec)
    end
 end

+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"Represents data values with formatting that should apply to the tick labels."
+immutable Formatted{T}
+    data::T
+    formatter::Function
+end

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------

 type BezierCurve{T <: FixedSizeArrays.Vec}
-  control_points::Vector{T}
+    control_points::Vector{T}
 end

-@compat function (bc::BezierCurve)(t::Real)
-  p = zero(P2)
-  n = length(bc.control_points)-1
-  for i in 0:n
-      p += bc.control_points[i+1] * binomial(n, i) * (1-t)^(n-i) * t^i
-  end
-  p
+function (bc::BezierCurve)(t::Real)
+    p = zero(P2)
+    n = length(bc.control_points)-1
+    for i in 0:n
+        p += bc.control_points[i+1] * binomial(n, i) * (1-t)^(n-i) * t^i
+    end
+    p
 end

-Base.mean(x::Real, y::Real) = 0.5*(x+y)
-Base.mean{N,T<:Real}(ps::FixedSizeArrays.Vec{N,T}...) = sum(ps) / length(ps)
+# mean(x::Real, y::Real) = 0.5*(x+y) #commented out as I cannot see this used anywhere and it overwrites a Base method with different functionality
+# mean{N,T<:Real}(ps::FixedSizeArrays.Vec{N,T}...) = sum(ps) / length(ps) # I also could not see this used anywhere, and it's type piracy - implementing a NaNMath version for this would just involve converting to a standard array

-curve_points(curve::BezierCurve, n::Integer = 30; range = [0,1]) = map(curve, linspace(range..., n))
+@deprecate curve_points coords
+
+coords(curve::BezierCurve, n::Integer = 30; range = [0,1]) = map(curve, linspace(range..., n))

 # build a BezierCurve which leaves point p vertically upwards and arrives point q vertically upwards.
 # may create a loop if necessary.  Assumes the view is [0,1]
-function directed_curve(p::P2, q::P2; xview = 0:1, yview = 0:1)
-mn = mean(p, q)
-diff = q - p
-
-minx, maxx = minimum(xview), maximum(xview)
-miny, maxy = minimum(yview), maximum(yview)
-diffpct = P2(diff[1] / (maxx - minx),
-             diff[2] / (maxy - miny))
-
-# these points give the initial/final "rise"
-# vertical_offset = P2(0, (maxy - miny) * max(0.03, min(abs(0.5diffpct[2]), 1.0)))
-vertical_offset = P2(0, max(0.15, 0.5norm(diff)))
-upper_control = p + vertical_offset
-lower_control = q - vertical_offset
-
-# try to figure out when to loop around vs just connecting straight
-# TODO: choose loop direction based on sign of p[1]??
-# x_close_together = abs(diffpct[1]) <= 0.05
-p_is_higher = diff[2] <= 0
-inside_control_points = if p_is_higher
-  # add curve points which will create a loop
-  sgn = mn[1] < 0.5 * (maxx + minx) ? -1 : 1
-  inside_offset = P2(0.3 * (maxx - minx), 0)
-  additional_offset = P2(sgn * diff[1], 0)  # make it even loopier
-  [upper_control + sgn * (inside_offset + max(0,  additional_offset)),
-   lower_control + sgn * (inside_offset + max(0, -additional_offset))]
-else
-  []
+function directed_curve(args...; kw...)
+    error("directed_curve has been moved to PlotRecipes")
 end

-BezierCurve([p, upper_control, inside_control_points..., lower_control, q])
+function extrema_plus_buffer(v, buffmult = 0.2)
+    vmin,vmax = ignoreNaN_extrema(v)
+    vdiff = vmax-vmin
+    buffer = vdiff * buffmult
+    vmin - buffer, vmax + buffer
 end
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # https://github.com/bokeh/Bokeh.jl


-supported_args(::BokehBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
+supported_attrs(::BokehBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
    # :annotations,
    # :axis,
    # :background_color,
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::AbstractPlot{BokehBackend})
+function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::AbstractPlot{BokehBackend})
  # TODO: write a png to io
  warn("mime png not implemented")
 end
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # https://github.com/dcjones/Gadfly.jl


-supported_args(::GadflyBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
+supported_attrs(::GadflyBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
    :annotations,
    :background_color, :foreground_color, :color_palette,
    :group, :label, :seriestype,
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ function _initialize_backend(::GadflyBackend; kw...)
    @eval begin
        import Gadfly, Compose
        export Gadfly, Compose
-        include(joinpath(Pkg.dir("Plots"), "src", "backends", "gadfly_shapes.jl"))
+        include(joinpath(dirname(@__FILE__), "gadfly_shapes.jl"))
    end
 end

@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ function addToGadflyLegend(plt::Plot, d::KW)

        # add the legend if needed
        if all(g -> !isa(g, Gadfly.Guide.ManualColorKey), gplt.guides)
-            unshift!(gplt.guides, Gadfly.Guide.manual_color_key("", @compat(AbstractString)[], Color[]))
+            unshift!(gplt.guides, Gadfly.Guide.manual_color_key("", AbstractString[], Color[]))
        end

        # now add the series to the legend
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ function updateGadflyAxisFlips(gplt, d::KW, xlims, ylims, xfunc, yfunc)
 end


-function findGuideAndSet(gplt, t::DataType, args...; kw...) #s::@compat(AbstractString))
+function findGuideAndSet(gplt, t::DataType, args...; kw...)
    for (i,guide) in enumerate(gplt.guides)
        if isa(guide, t)
            gplt.guides[i] = t(args...; kw...)
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ end
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------


-function createGadflyAnnotationObject(x, y, val::@compat(AbstractString))
+function createGadflyAnnotationObject(x, y, val::AbstractString)
    Gadfly.Guide.annotation(Compose.compose(
                              Compose.context(),
                              Compose.text(x, y, val)
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ function createGadflyAnnotationObject(x, y, txt::PlotText)
                            ))
 end

-function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{GadflyBackend}, anns::AVec{@compat(Tuple{X,Y,V})})
+function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{GadflyBackend}, anns::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,V}})
    for ann in anns
        push!(plt.o.guides, createGadflyAnnotationObject(ann...))
    end
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ setGadflyDisplaySize(plt::Plot) = setGadflyDisplaySize(plt.attr[:size]...)
 # -------------------------------------------------------------------------


-function dowritemime{P<:Union{GadflyBackend,ImmerseBackend}}(io::IO, func, plt::AbstractPlot{P})
+function doshow{P<:Union{GadflyBackend,ImmerseBackend}}(io::IO, func, plt::AbstractPlot{P})
    gplt = getGadflyContext(plt)
    setGadflyDisplaySize(plt)
    Gadfly.draw(func(io, Compose.default_graphic_width, Compose.default_graphic_height), gplt)
@@ -692,9 +692,9 @@ getGadflyWriteFunc(::MIME"application/x-tex") = Gadfly.PGF
 getGadflyWriteFunc(m::MIME) = error("Unsupported in Gadfly/Immerse: ", m)

 for mime in (MIME"image/png", MIME"image/svg+xml", MIME"application/pdf", MIME"application/postscript", MIME"application/x-tex")
-    @eval function Base.writemime{P<:Union{GadflyBackend,ImmerseBackend}}(io::IO, ::$mime, plt::AbstractPlot{P})
+    @eval function Base.show{P<:Union{GadflyBackend,ImmerseBackend}}(io::IO, ::$mime, plt::AbstractPlot{P})
        func = getGadflyWriteFunc($mime())
-        dowritemime(io, func, plt)
+        doshow(io, func, plt)
    end
 end

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@

 # https://github.com/JuliaGraphics/Immerse.jl

-supported_args(::ImmerseBackend) = supported_args(GadflyBackend())
+supported_attrs(::ImmerseBackend) = supported_attrs(GadflyBackend())
 supported_types(::ImmerseBackend) = supported_types(GadflyBackend())
 supported_styles(::ImmerseBackend) = supported_styles(GadflyBackend())
 supported_markers(::ImmerseBackend) = supported_markers(GadflyBackend())
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ function _initialize_backend(::ImmerseBackend; kw...)
  @eval begin
    import Immerse, Gadfly, Compose, Gtk
    export Immerse, Gadfly, Compose, Gtk
-    include(joinpath(Pkg.dir("Plots"), "src", "backends", "gadfly_shapes.jl"))
+    include(joinpath(dirname(@__FILE__), "gadfly_shapes.jl"))
  end
 end

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{ImmerseBackend}, anns::AVec{@compat(Tuple{X,Y,V})})
+function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{ImmerseBackend}, anns::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,V}})
  for ann in anns
    push!(getGadflyContext(plt).guides, createGadflyAnnotationObject(ann...))
  end
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # https://github.com/tbreloff/Qwt.jl


-supported_args(::QwtBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
+supported_attrs(::QwtBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
    :annotations,
    :linecolor,
    :fillrange,
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ end

 # -------------------------------

-@compat const _qwtAliases = KW(
+const _qwtAliases = KW(
    :bins => :heatmap_n,
    :fillrange => :fillto,
    :linewidth => :width,
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ function updateLimsAndTicks(plt::Plot{QwtBackend}, d::KW, isx::Bool)
  w = plt.o.widget
  axisid = Qwt.QWT.QwtPlot[isx ? :xBottom : :yLeft]

-  if typeof(lims) <: @compat(Union{Tuple,AVec}) && length(lims) == 2
+  if typeof(lims) <: Union{Tuple,AVec} && length(lims) == 2
    if isx
      plt.o.autoscale_x = false
    else
@@ -211,14 +211,14 @@ function createQwtAnnotation(plt::Plot, x, y, val::PlotText)
  marker[:attach](plt.o.widget)
 end

-function createQwtAnnotation(plt::Plot, x, y, val::@compat(AbstractString))
+function createQwtAnnotation(plt::Plot, x, y, val::AbstractString)
  marker = Qwt.QWT.QwtPlotMarker()
  marker[:setValue](x, y)
  marker[:setLabel](Qwt.QWT.QwtText(val))
  marker[:attach](plt.o.widget)
 end

-function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{QwtBackend}, anns::AVec{@compat(Tuple{X,Y,V})})
+function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{QwtBackend}, anns::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,V}})
  for ann in anns
    createQwtAnnotation(plt, ann...)
  end
@@ -242,8 +242,6 @@ end

 # -------------------------------

-# savepng(::QwtBackend, plt::AbstractPlot, fn::@compat(AbstractString), args...) = Qwt.savepng(plt.o, fn)
-
 # -------------------------------

 # # create the underlying object (each backend will do this differently)
@@ -282,13 +280,13 @@ end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{QwtBackend})
+function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{QwtBackend})
  Qwt.refresh(plt.o)
  Qwt.savepng(plt.o, "/tmp/dfskjdhfkh.png")
  write(io, readall("/tmp/dfskjdhfkh.png"))
 end

-# function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", subplt::Subplot{QwtBackend})
+# function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", subplt::Subplot{QwtBackend})
 #   for plt in subplt.plts
 #     Qwt.refresh(plt.o)
 #   end
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@

 # credit goes to https://github.com/jverzani for contributing to the first draft of this backend implementation

-supported_args(::WinstonBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
+supported_attrs(::WinstonBackend) = merge_with_base_supported([
    :annotations,
    :linecolor,
    :fillrange,
@@ -44,13 +44,13 @@ end


 ## dictionaries for conversion of Plots.jl names to Winston ones.
-@compat const winston_linestyle =  KW(:solid=>"solid",
+const winston_linestyle =  KW(:solid=>"solid",
                                :dash=>"dash",
                                :dot=>"dotted",
                                :dashdot=>"dotdashed"
                               )

-@compat const winston_marker = KW(:none=>".",
+const winston_marker = KW(:none=>".",
                            :rect => "square",
                            :circle=>"circle",
                            :diamond=>"diamond",
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-@compat const _winstonNames = KW(
+const _winstonNames = KW(
    :xlims => :xrange,
    :ylims => :yrange,
    :xscale => :xlog,
@@ -213,11 +213,11 @@ end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-function createWinstonAnnotationObject(plt::Plot{WinstonBackend}, x, y, val::@compat(AbstractString))
+function createWinstonAnnotationObject(plt::Plot{WinstonBackend}, x, y, val::AbstractString)
  Winston.text(x, y, val)
 end

-function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{WinstonBackend}, anns::AVec{@compat(Tuple{X,Y,V})})
+function _add_annotations{X,Y,V}(plt::Plot{WinstonBackend}, anns::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,V}})
  for ann in anns
    createWinstonAnnotationObject(plt, ann...)
  end
@@ -238,10 +238,10 @@ function addWinstonLegend(plt::Plot, wplt)
  end
 end

-function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::AbstractPlot{WinstonBackend})
+function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::AbstractPlot{WinstonBackend})
  window, canvas, wplt = getWinstonItems(plt)
  addWinstonLegend(plt, wplt)
-  writemime(io, "image/png", wplt)
+  show(io, "image/png", wplt)
 end


@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 # This should cut down on boilerplate code and allow more focused dispatch on type
 # note: returns meta information... mainly for use with automatic labeling from DataFrames for now

-typealias FuncOrFuncs @compat(Union{Function, AVec{Function}})
+const FuncOrFuncs = @compat(Union{Function, AVec{Function}})

 all3D(d::KW) = trueOrAllTrue(st -> st in (:contour, :contourf, :heatmap, :surface, :wireframe, :contour3d, :image), get(d, :seriestype, :none))

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ PlotExample("Colors",
    "Access predefined palettes (or build your own with the `colorscheme` method).  Line/marker colors are auto-generated from the plot's palette, unless overridden.  Set the `z` argument to turn on series gradients.",
    [:(begin
        y = rand(100)
-        plot(0:10:100,rand(11,4),lab="lines",w=3,palette=:grays,fill=(0,:auto), α=0.6)
+        plot(0:10:100,rand(11,4),lab="lines",w=3,palette=:grays,fill=0, α=0.6)
        scatter!(y, zcolor=abs(y-.5), m=(:heat,0.8,stroke(1,:green)), ms=10*abs(y-0.5)+4, lab="grad")
    end)]
 ),
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ PlotExample("Global",
 #             "Use the `axis` arguments.",
 #             [
 #               :(plot(Vector[randn(100), randn(100)*100], axis = [:l :r], ylabel="LEFT", yrightlabel="RIGHT", xlabel="X", title="TITLE"))
-#             ]), 
+#             ]),

 PlotExample("Images",
    "Plot an image.  y-axis is set to flipped",
@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@ PlotExample("Line types",
 PlotExample("Line styles",
    "",
    [:(begin
-        styles = filter(s -> s in supported_styles(), [:solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot])'
+        styles = filter(s -> s in Plots.supported_styles(), [:solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot])
+        styles = reshape(styles, 1, length(styles)) # Julia 0.6 unfortunately gives an error when transposing symbol vectors
        n = length(styles)
        y = cumsum(randn(20,n),1)
        plot(y, line = (5, styles), label = map(string,styles))
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ PlotExample("Line styles",
 PlotExample("Marker types",
    "",
    [:(begin
-        markers = filter(m -> m in supported_markers(), Plots._shape_keys)'
+        markers = filter(m -> m in Plots.supported_markers(), Plots._shape_keys)'
        n = length(markers)
        x = linspace(0,10,n+2)[2:end-1]
        y = repmat(reverse(x)', n, 1)
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ PlotExample("DataFrames",
        iris = RDatasets.dataset("datasets", "iris")
        scatter(iris, :SepalLength, :SepalWidth, group=:Species,
            title = "My awesome plot", xlabel = "Length", ylabel = "Width",
-            marker = (0.5, [:+ :h :star7], 12), bg=RGB(.2,.2,.2))
+            marker = (0.5, [:cross :hex :star7], 12), bg=RGB(.2,.2,.2))
    end)]
 ),

@@ -300,7 +301,32 @@ PlotExample("Boxplot and Violin series recipes",
        violin(singers, :VoicePart, :Height, line = 0, fill = (0.2, :blue))
        boxplot!(singers, :VoicePart, :Height, line = (2,:black), fill = (0.3, :orange))
    end)]
-)
+),
+
+PlotExample("Animation with subplots",
+    "The `layout` macro can be used to create an animation with subplots.",
+    [:(begin
+        l = @layout([[a; b] c])
+        p = plot(plot([sin,cos],1,leg=false),
+        scatter([atan,cos],1,leg=false),
+        plot(log,1,xlims=(1,10π),ylims=(0,5),leg=false),layout=l)
+
+        anim = Animation()
+        for x = linspace(1,10π,100)
+          plot(push!(p,x,Float64[sin(x),cos(x),atan(x),cos(x),log(x)]))
+          frame(anim)
+        end
+    end)]
+),
+
+PlotExample("Spy",
+    "For a matrix `mat` with unique nonzeros `spy(mat)` returns a colorless plot. If `mat` has various different nonzero values, a colorbar is added. The colorbar can be disabled with `legend = nothing`. As always, the marker shape and size can be changed with `spy(mat, markersize = 3, markershape = :star)`",
+    [:(begin
+    a = spdiagm((ones(50), ones(49), ones(49), ones(40), ones(40)),(0, 1, -1, 10, -10))
+    b = spdiagm((1:50, 1:49, 1:49, 1:40, 1:40),(0, 1, -1, 10, -10))
+    plot(spy(a, markershape = :dtriangle), spy(b), markersize = 3, title = ["Unique nonzeros" "Different nonzeros"])
+    end)]
+),

 ]

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ to_pixels(m::AbsoluteLength) = m.value / 0.254

 const _cbar_width = 5mm

-@compat Base.:.*(m::Measure, n::Number) = m * n
-@compat Base.:.*(n::Number, m::Measure) = m * n
-@compat Base.:-(m::Measure, a::AbstractArray) = map(ai -> m - ai, a)
-@compat Base.:-(a::AbstractArray, m::Measure) = map(ai -> ai - m, a)
+Base.:.*(m::Measure, n::Number) = m * n
+Base.:.*(n::Number, m::Measure) = m * n
+Base.:-(m::Measure, a::AbstractArray) = map(ai -> m - ai, a)
+Base.:-(a::AbstractArray, m::Measure) = map(ai -> ai - m, a)
 Base.zero(::Type{typeof(mm)}) = 0mm
 Base.one(::Type{typeof(mm)}) = 1mm
 Base.typemin(::typeof(mm)) = -Inf*mm
@@ -20,15 +20,15 @@ Base.typemax(::typeof(mm)) = Inf*mm
 Base.convert{F<:AbstractFloat}(::Type{F}, l::AbsoluteLength) = convert(F, l.value)

 # TODO: these are unintuitive and may cause tricky bugs
-# @compat Base.:+(m1::AbsoluteLength, m2::Length{:pct}) = AbsoluteLength(m1.value * (1 + m2.value))
-# @compat Base.:+(m1::Length{:pct}, m2::AbsoluteLength) = AbsoluteLength(m2.value * (1 + m1.value))
-# @compat Base.:-(m1::AbsoluteLength, m2::Length{:pct}) = AbsoluteLength(m1.value * (1 - m2.value))
-# @compat Base.:-(m1::Length{:pct}, m2::AbsoluteLength) = AbsoluteLength(m2.value * (m1.value - 1))
+# Base.:+(m1::AbsoluteLength, m2::Length{:pct}) = AbsoluteLength(m1.value * (1 + m2.value))
+# Base.:+(m1::Length{:pct}, m2::AbsoluteLength) = AbsoluteLength(m2.value * (1 + m1.value))
+# Base.:-(m1::AbsoluteLength, m2::Length{:pct}) = AbsoluteLength(m1.value * (1 - m2.value))
+# Base.:-(m1::Length{:pct}, m2::AbsoluteLength) = AbsoluteLength(m2.value * (m1.value - 1))

-@compat Base.:*(m1::AbsoluteLength, m2::Length{:pct}) = AbsoluteLength(m1.value * m2.value)
-@compat Base.:*(m1::Length{:pct}, m2::AbsoluteLength) = AbsoluteLength(m2.value * m1.value)
-@compat Base.:/(m1::AbsoluteLength, m2::Length{:pct}) = AbsoluteLength(m1.value / m2.value)
-@compat Base.:/(m1::Length{:pct}, m2::AbsoluteLength) = AbsoluteLength(m2.value / m1.value)
+Base.:*(m1::AbsoluteLength, m2::Length{:pct}) = AbsoluteLength(m1.value * m2.value)
+Base.:*(m1::Length{:pct}, m2::AbsoluteLength) = AbsoluteLength(m2.value * m1.value)
+Base.:/(m1::AbsoluteLength, m2::Length{:pct}) = AbsoluteLength(m1.value / m2.value)
+Base.:/(m1::Length{:pct}, m2::AbsoluteLength) = AbsoluteLength(m2.value / m1.value)


 Base.zero(::Type{typeof(pct)}) = 0pct
@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ right(bbox::BoundingBox) = left(bbox) + width(bbox)
 bottom(bbox::BoundingBox) = top(bbox) + height(bbox)
 Base.size(bbox::BoundingBox) = (width(bbox), height(bbox))

-# @compat Base.:*{T,N}(m1::Length{T,N}, m2::Length{T,N}) = Length{T,N}(m1.value * m2.value)
+# Base.:*{T,N}(m1::Length{T,N}, m2::Length{T,N}) = Length{T,N}(m1.value * m2.value)
 ispositive(m::Measure) = m.value > 0

 # union together bounding boxes
-@compat function Base.:+(bb1::BoundingBox, bb2::BoundingBox)
+function Base.:+(bb1::BoundingBox, bb2::BoundingBox)
    # empty boxes don't change the union
    ispositive(width(bb1))  || return bb2
    ispositive(height(bb1)) || return bb2
@@ -96,6 +96,32 @@ function Base.show(io::IO, bbox::BoundingBox)
    print(io, "BBox{l,t,r,b,w,h = $(left(bbox)),$(top(bbox)), $(right(bbox)),$(bottom(bbox)), $(width(bbox)),$(height(bbox))}")
 end

+# -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+# points combined by x/y, pct, and length
+type MixedMeasures
+    xy::Float64
+    pct::Float64
+    len::AbsoluteLength
+end
+
+function resolve_mixed(mix::MixedMeasures, sp::Subplot, letter::Symbol)
+    xy = mix.xy
+    pct = mix.pct
+    if mix.len != 0mm
+        f = (letter == :x ? width : height)
+        totlen = f(plotarea(sp))
+        @show totlen
+        pct += mix.len / totlen
+    end
+    if pct != 0
+        amin, amax = axis_limits(sp[Symbol(letter,:axis)])
+        xy += pct * (amax-amin)
+    end
+    xy
+end
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------
 # AbstractLayout

@@ -113,9 +139,11 @@ function bbox(x, y, w, h, oarg1::Symbol, originargs::Symbol...)
    orighor = :left
    origver = :top
    for oarg in oargs
-        if oarg in (:left, :right)
+        if oarg == :center
+            orighor = origver = oarg
+        elseif oarg in (:left, :right, :hcenter)
            orighor = oarg
-        elseif oarg in (:top, :bottom)
+        elseif oarg in (:top, :bottom, :vcenter)
            origver = oarg
        else
            warn("Unused origin arg in bbox construction: $oarg")
@@ -132,13 +160,17 @@ function bbox(x, y, width, height; h_anchor = :left, v_anchor = :top)
    height = make_measure_vert(height)
    left = if h_anchor == :left
        x
+    elseif h_anchor in (:center, :hcenter)
+        0.5w - 0.5width + x
    else
-        1w - x - width 
+        1w - x - width
    end
    top = if v_anchor == :top
        y
+    elseif v_anchor in (:center, :vcenter)
+        0.5h - 0.5height + y
    else
-        1h - y - height 
+        1h - y - height
    end
    BoundingBox(left, top, width, height)
 end
@@ -239,7 +271,9 @@ function GridLayout(dims...;
        # convert(Vector{Float64}, widths),
        # convert(Vector{Float64}, heights),
        KW(kw))
-    fill!(grid, EmptyLayout(layout))
+    for i in eachindex(grid)
+        grid[i] = EmptyLayout(layout)
+    end
    layout
 end

@@ -256,7 +290,7 @@ rightpad(layout::GridLayout)  = layout.minpad[3]
 bottompad(layout::GridLayout) = layout.minpad[4]


-# here's how this works... first we recursively "update the minimum padding" (which 
+# here's how this works... first we recursively "update the minimum padding" (which
 # means to calculate the minimum size needed from the edge of the subplot to plot area)
 # for the whole layout tree.  then we can compute the "padding borders" of this
 # layout as the biggest padding of the children on the perimeter.  then we need to
@@ -311,7 +345,6 @@ function update_child_bboxes!(layout::GridLayout, minimum_perimeter = [0mm,0mm,0
    minpad_top    = map(toppad,    layout.grid)
    minpad_right  = map(rightpad,  layout.grid)
    minpad_bottom = map(bottompad, layout.grid)
-    # @show minpad_left minpad_top minpad_right minpad_bottom

    # get the max horizontal (left and right) padding over columns,
    # and max vertical (bottom and top) padding over rows
@@ -320,7 +353,6 @@ function update_child_bboxes!(layout::GridLayout, minimum_perimeter = [0mm,0mm,0
    pad_top    = maximum(minpad_top,    2)
    pad_right  = maximum(minpad_right,  1)
    pad_bottom = maximum(minpad_bottom, 2)
-    # @show pad_left pad_top pad_right pad_bottom

    # make sure the perimeter match the parent
    pad_left[1]     = max(pad_left[1], minimum_perimeter[1])
@@ -331,22 +363,18 @@ function update_child_bboxes!(layout::GridLayout, minimum_perimeter = [0mm,0mm,0
    # scale this up to the total padding in each direction
    total_pad_horizontal = sum(pad_left + pad_right)
    total_pad_vertical   = sum(pad_top + pad_bottom)
-    # @show total_pad_horizontal total_pad_vertical

    # now we can compute the total plot area in each direction
    total_plotarea_horizontal = width(layout)  - total_pad_horizontal
    total_plotarea_vertical   = height(layout) - total_pad_vertical
-    # @show total_plotarea_horizontal total_plotarea_vertical

    # recompute widths/heights
    layout.widths = recompute_lengths(layout.widths)
    layout.heights = recompute_lengths(layout.heights)
-    # @show layout.widths layout.heights

    # normalize widths/heights so they sum to 1
    # denom_w = sum(layout.widths)
    # denom_h = sum(layout.heights)
-    # @show layout.widths layout.heights denom_w, denom_h

    # we have all the data we need... lets compute the plot areas and set the bounding boxes
    for r=1:nr, c=1:nc
@@ -387,7 +415,6 @@ end
 function update_inset_bboxes!(plt::Plot)
    for sp in plt.inset_subplots
        p_area = Measures.resolve(plotarea(sp.parent), sp[:relative_bbox])
-        # @show bbox(sp.parent) sp[:relative_bbox] p_area
        plotarea!(sp, p_area)

        bbox!(sp, bbox(
@@ -436,7 +463,7 @@ end
 function layout_args(d::KW, n_override::Integer)
    layout, n = layout_args(get(d, :layout, n_override))
    if n != n_override
-        error("When doing layout, n != n_override.  You're probably trying to force existing plots into a layout that doesn't fit them.")
+        error("When doing layout, n ($n) != n_override ($(n_override)).  You're probably trying to force existing plots into a layout that doesn't fit them.")
    end
    layout, n
 end
@@ -502,6 +529,12 @@ function build_layout(layout::GridLayout, n::Integer)
            i += 1
        elseif isa(l, GridLayout)
            # sub-grid
+            if get(l.attr, :width, :auto) != :auto
+                layout.widths[c] = attr(l,:width)
+            end
+            if get(l.attr, :height, :auto) != :auto
+                layout.heights[r] = attr(l,:height)
+            end
            l, sps, m = build_layout(l, n-i)
            append!(subplots, sps)
            merge!(spmap, m)
@@ -538,6 +571,12 @@ function build_layout(layout::GridLayout, numsp::Integer, plts::AVec{Plot})
            i += length(plt.subplots)
        elseif isa(l, GridLayout)
            # sub-grid
+            if get(l.attr, :width, :auto) != :auto
+                layout.widths[c] = attr(l,:width)
+            end
+            if get(l.attr, :height, :auto) != :auto
+                layout.heights[r] = attr(l,:height)
+            end
            l, sps, m = build_layout(l, numsp-i, plts)
            append!(subplots, sps)
            merge!(spmap, m)
@@ -597,7 +636,7 @@ function create_grid(expr::Expr)
        create_grid_curly(expr)
    else
        # if it's something else, just return that (might be an existing layout?)
-        expr
+        esc(expr)
    end
 end

@@ -634,13 +673,18 @@ function create_grid_vcat(expr::Expr)
 end

 function create_grid_curly(expr::Expr)
-    s = expr.args[1]
    kw = KW()
    for (i,arg) in enumerate(expr.args[2:end])
        add_layout_pct!(kw, arg, i, length(expr.args)-1)
    end
-    # @show kw
-    :(EmptyLayout(label = $(QuoteNode(s)), width = $(get(kw, :w, QuoteNode(:auto))), height = $(get(kw, :h, QuoteNode(:auto)))))
+    s = expr.args[1]
+    if isa(s, Expr) && s.head == :call && s.args[1] == :grid
+        create_grid(:(grid($(s.args[2:end]...), width = $(get(kw, :w, QuoteNode(:auto))), height = $(get(kw, :h, QuoteNode(:auto))))))
+    elseif isa(s, Symbol)
+        :(EmptyLayout(label = $(QuoteNode(s)), width = $(get(kw, :w, QuoteNode(:auto))), height = $(get(kw, :h, QuoteNode(:auto)))))
+    else
+        error("Unknown use of curly brackets: $expr")
+    end
 end

 function create_grid(s::Symbol)
@@ -654,20 +698,42 @@ end

 # -------------------------------------------------------------------------

-# make all reference the same axis extrema/values
+# make all reference the same axis extrema/values.
+# merge subplot lists.
 function link_axes!(axes::Axis...)
    a1 = axes[1]
    for i=2:length(axes)
        a2 = axes[i]
+        expand_extrema!(a1, ignoreNaN_extrema(a2))
        for k in (:extrema, :discrete_values, :continuous_values, :discrete_map)
            a2[k] = a1[k]
        end
+
+        # make a2's subplot list refer to a1's and add any missing values
+        sps2 = a2.sps
+        for sp in sps2
+            sp in a1.sps || push!(a1.sps, sp)
+        end
+        a2.sps = a1.sps
    end
 end

+# figure out which subplots to link
+function link_subplots(a::AbstractArray{AbstractLayout}, axissym::Symbol)
+    subplots = []
+    for l in a
+        if isa(l, Subplot)
+            push!(subplots, l)
+        elseif isa(l, GridLayout) && size(l) == (1,1)
+            push!(subplots, l[1,1])
+        end
+    end
+    subplots
+end
+
 # for some vector or matrix of layouts, filter only the Subplots and link those axes
 function link_axes!(a::AbstractArray{AbstractLayout}, axissym::Symbol)
-    subplots = filter(l -> isa(l, Subplot), a)
+    subplots = link_subplots(a, axissym)
    axes = [sp.attr[axissym] for sp in subplots]
    if length(axes) > 0
        link_axes!(axes...)
@@ -709,3 +775,18 @@ function link_axes!(layout::GridLayout, link::Symbol)
        link_axes!(l, link)
    end
 end
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+"Adds a new, empty subplot overlayed on top of `sp`, with a mirrored y-axis and linked x-axis."
+function twinx(sp::Subplot)
+    sp[:right_margin] = max(sp[:right_margin], 30px)
+    plot!(sp.plt, inset = (sp[:subplot_index], bbox(0,0,1,1)))
+    twinsp = sp.plt.subplots[end]
+    twinsp[:yaxis][:mirror] = true
+    twinsp[:background_color_inside] = RGBA{Float64}(0,0,0,0)
+    link_axes!(sp[:xaxis], twinsp[:xaxis])
+    twinsp
+end
+
+twinx(plt::Plot = current()) = twinx(plt[1])
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ defaultOutputFormat(plt::Plot) = "png"
 function png(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
  fn = addExtension(fn, "png")
  io = open(fn, "w")
-  writemime(io, MIME("image/png"), plt)
+  show(io, MIME("image/png"), plt)
  close(io)
 end
 png(fn::AbstractString) = png(current(), fn)
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ png(fn::AbstractString) = png(current(), fn)
 function svg(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
  fn = addExtension(fn, "svg")
  io = open(fn, "w")
-  writemime(io, MIME("image/svg+xml"), plt)
+  show(io, MIME("image/svg+xml"), plt)
  close(io)
 end
 svg(fn::AbstractString) = svg(current(), fn)
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ svg(fn::AbstractString) = svg(current(), fn)
 function pdf(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
  fn = addExtension(fn, "pdf")
  io = open(fn, "w")
-  writemime(io, MIME("application/pdf"), plt)
+  show(io, MIME("application/pdf"), plt)
  close(io)
 end
 pdf(fn::AbstractString) = pdf(current(), fn)
@@ -31,30 +31,49 @@ pdf(fn::AbstractString) = pdf(current(), fn)
 function ps(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
  fn = addExtension(fn, "ps")
  io = open(fn, "w")
-  writemime(io, MIME("application/postscript"), plt)
+  show(io, MIME("application/postscript"), plt)
  close(io)
 end
 ps(fn::AbstractString) = ps(current(), fn)

+function eps(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
+  fn = addExtension(fn, "eps")
+  io = open(fn, "w")
+  writemime(io, MIME("image/eps"), plt)
+  close(io)
+end
+eps(fn::AbstractString) = eps(current(), fn)

 function tex(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
  fn = addExtension(fn, "tex")
  io = open(fn, "w")
-  writemime(io, MIME("application/x-tex"), plt)
+  show(io, MIME("application/x-tex"), plt)
  close(io)
 end
 tex(fn::AbstractString) = tex(current(), fn)

+function html(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
+    fn = addExtension(fn, "html")
+    io = open(fn, "w")
+    _use_remote[] = true
+    show(io, MIME("text/html"), plt)
+    _use_remote[] = false
+    close(io)
+end
+html(fn::AbstractString) = html(current(), fn)
+

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------


-@compat const _savemap = Dict(
+const _savemap = Dict(
    "png" => png,
    "svg" => svg,
    "pdf" => pdf,
    "ps"  => ps,
+    "eps" => eps,
    "tex" => tex,
+    "html" => html,
  )

 function getExtension(fn::AbstractString)
@@ -103,6 +122,13 @@ savefig(fn::AbstractString) = savefig(current(), fn)

 gui(plt::Plot = current()) = display(PlotsDisplay(), plt)

+# IJulia only... inline display
+function inline(plt::Plot = current())
+    isijulia() || error("inline() is IJulia-only")
+    Main.IJulia.clear_output(true)
+    display(Main.IJulia.InlineDisplay(), plt)
+end
+
 function Base.display(::PlotsDisplay, plt::Plot)
    prepare_output(plt)
    _display(plt)
@@ -111,6 +137,13 @@ end
 # override the REPL display to open a gui window
 Base.display(::Base.REPL.REPLDisplay, ::MIME"text/plain", plt::Plot) = gui(plt)

+
+_do_plot_show(plt, showval::Bool) = showval && gui(plt)
+function _do_plot_show(plt, showval::Symbol)
+    showval == :gui && gui(plt)
+    showval in (:inline,:ijulia) && inline(plt)
+end
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------

 const _mimeformats = Dict(
@@ -121,34 +154,37 @@ const _mimeformats = Dict(
    "application/postscript"  => "ps",
    "image/svg+xml"           => "svg",
    "text/plain"              => "txt",
+    "application/x-tex"       => "tex",
 )

 const _best_html_output_type = KW(
    :pyplot => :png,
    :unicodeplots => :txt,
+    :glvisualize => :png
 )

 # a backup for html... passes to svg or png depending on the html_output_format arg
-function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot)
+function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot)
    output_type = Symbol(plt.attr[:html_output_format])
    if output_type == :auto
        output_type = get(_best_html_output_type, backend_name(plt.backend), :svg)
    end
    if output_type == :png
        # info("writing png to html output")
-        print(io, "<img src=\"data:image/png;base64,", base64encode(writemime, MIME("image/png"), plt), "\" />")
+        print(io, "<img src=\"data:image/png;base64,", base64encode(show, MIME("image/png"), plt), "\" />")
    elseif output_type == :svg
        # info("writing svg to html output")
-        writemime(io, MIME("image/svg+xml"), plt)
+        show(io, MIME("image/svg+xml"), plt)
    elseif output_type == :txt
-        writemime(io, MIME("text/plain"), plt)
+        show(io, MIME("text/plain"), plt)
    else
        error("only png or svg allowed. got: $output_type")
    end
 end

-function _writemime(io::IO, m, plt::Plot)
-    warn("_writemime is not defined for this backend. m=", string(m))
+function _show{B}(io::IO, m, plt::Plot{B})
+    # Base.show_backtrace(STDOUT, backtrace())
+    warn("_show is not defined for this backend. m=", string(m))
 end
 function _display(plt::Plot)
    warn("_display is not defined for this backend.")
@@ -156,19 +192,21 @@ end

 # for writing to io streams... first prepare, then callback
 for mime in keys(_mimeformats)
-    @eval function Base.writemime(io::IO, m::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot)
+    @eval function Base.show{B}(io::IO, m::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{B})
        prepare_output(plt)
-        _writemime(io, m, plt)
+        _show(io, m, plt)
    end
 end

+closeall() = closeall(backend())
+

 # ---------------------------------------------------------
 # A backup, if no PNG generation is defined, is to try to make a PDF and use FileIO to convert

 if is_installed("FileIO")
    @eval import FileIO
-    function _writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot)
+    function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot)
        fn = tempname()

        # first save a pdf file
@@ -192,12 +230,12 @@ end

 # function html_output_format(fmt)
 #     if fmt == "png"
-#         @eval function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot)
-#             print(io, "<img src=\"data:image/png;base64,", base64(writemime, MIME("image/png"), plt), "\" />")
+#         @eval function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot)
+#             print(io, "<img src=\"data:image/png;base64,", base64(show, MIME("image/png"), plt), "\" />")
 #         end
 #     elseif fmt == "svg"
-#         @eval function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot)
-#             writemime(io, MIME("image/svg+xml"), plt)
+#         @eval function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot)
+#             show(io, MIME("image/svg+xml"), plt)
 #         end
 #     else
 #         error("only png or svg allowed. got: $fmt")
@@ -210,7 +248,7 @@ end
 # IJulia
 # ---------------------------------------------------------

-const _ijulia_output = Compat.ASCIIString["text/html"]
+const _ijulia_output = String["text/html"]

 function setup_ijulia()
    # override IJulia inline display
@@ -225,15 +263,15 @@ function setup_ijulia()
            end
            function IJulia.display_dict(plt::Plot)
                global _ijulia_output
-                Dict{Compat.ASCIIString, ByteString}(_ijulia_output[1] => sprint(writemime, _ijulia_output[1], plt))
+                Dict{String, String}(_ijulia_output[1] => sprint(show, _ijulia_output[1], plt))
            end

            # default text/plain passes to html... handles Interact issues
-            function Base.writemime(io::IO, m::MIME"text/plain", plt::Plot)
-                writemime(io, MIME("text/html"), plt)
+            function Base.show(io::IO, m::MIME"text/plain", plt::Plot)
+                show(io, MIME("text/html"), plt)
            end
        end
-        set_ijulia_output("text/html")
+        @eval set_ijulia_output("text/html")
    end
 end

@@ -242,35 +280,46 @@ end
 # ---------------------------------------------------------

 function setup_atom()
-    # @require Atom begin
-    if isatom() && get(ENV, "PLOTS_USE_ATOM_PLOTPANE", false) in (true, 1, "1", "true", "yes")
-        # @eval import Atom, Media
-        @eval import Atom
+    if isatom()
+        @eval import Atom, Media
+        Media.media(Plot, Media.Plot)

-        # # connects the render function
-        # for T in (GadflyBackend,ImmerseBackend,PyPlotBackend,GRBackend)
-        #     Atom.Media.media(Plot{T}, Atom.Media.Plot)
-        # end
-        Atom.Media.media(Plot, Atom.Media.Graphical)
-        # Atom.Media.media{T <: Union{GadflyBackend,ImmerseBackend,PyPlotBackend,GRBackend}}(Plot{T}, Atom.Media.Plot)
-
-        # Atom.displaysize(::Plot) = (535, 379)
-        # Atom.displaytitle(plt::Plot) = "Plots.jl (backend: $(backend(plt)))"
-
-        # this is like "display"... sends an html div with the plot to the PlotPane
-        function Atom.Media.render(pane::Atom.PlotPane, plt::Plot)
-            @show "here"
-            Atom.Media.render(pane, Atom.div(Atom.d(), Atom.HTML(stringmime(MIME("text/html"), plt))))
+        # default text/plain so it doesn't complain
+        function Base.show{B}(io::IO, ::MIME"text/plain", plt::Plot{B})
+            print(io, "Plot{$B}()")
        end

-        # # force text/plain to output to the PlotPane
-        # function Base.writemime(io::IO, ::MIME"text/plain", plt::Plot)
-        #     # writemime(io::IO, MIME("text/html"), plt)
-        #     Atom.Media.render(pane)
-        # end
+        function Media.render(e::Atom.Editor, plt::Plot)
+            Media.render(e, nothing)
+        end

-        # function Atom.Media.render(pane::Atom.PlotPane, plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
-        #     html = Media.render(pane, Atom.div(Atom.d(), Atom.HTML(stringmime(MIME("text/html"), plt))))
-        # end
+        if get(ENV, "PLOTS_USE_ATOM_PLOTPANE", true) in (true, 1, "1", "true", "yes")
+            # this is like "display"... sends an html div with the plot to the PlotPane
+            function Media.render(pane::Atom.PlotPane, plt::Plot)
+                # temporarily overwrite size to be Atom.plotsize
+                sz = plt[:size]
+                plt[:size] = Juno.plotsize()
+                Media.render(pane, Atom.div(".fill", Atom.HTML(stringmime(MIME("text/html"), plt))))
+                plt[:size] = sz
+            end
+            # special handling for PlotlyJS
+            function Media.render(pane::Atom.PlotPane, plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+                display(Plots.PlotsDisplay(), plt)
+            end
+        else
+            #
+            function Media.render(pane::Atom.PlotPane, plt::Plot)
+                display(Plots.PlotsDisplay(), plt)
+                s = "PlotPane turned off.  Unset ENV[\"PLOTS_USE_ATOM_PLOTPANE\"] and restart Julia to enable it."
+                Media.render(pane, Atom.div(Atom.HTML(s)))
+            end
+        end
+
+        # special handling for plotly... use PlotsDisplay
+        function Media.render(pane::Atom.PlotPane, plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
+            display(Plots.PlotsDisplay(), plt)
+            s = "PlotPane turned off.  The plotly backend cannot render in the PlotPane due to javascript issues. Plotlyjs is similar to plotly and is compatible with the plot pane."
+            Media.render(pane, Atom.div(Atom.HTML(s)))
+        end
    end
 end
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ function _expand_seriestype_array(d::KW, args)
        delete!(d, :seriestype)
        RecipeData[begin
            dc = copy(d)
-            dc[:seriestype] = sts[r,:]
+            dc[:seriestype] = sts[r:r,:]
            RecipeData(dc, args)
        end for r=1:size(sts,1)]
    else
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ function _process_userrecipe(plt::Plot, kw_list::Vector{KW}, recipedata::RecipeD
    # when the arg tuple is empty, that means there's nothing left to recursively
    # process... finish up and add to the kw_list
    kw = recipedata.d
+    preprocessArgs!(kw)
    _preprocess_userrecipe(kw)
    warnOnUnsupported_scales(plt.backend, kw)

@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ function _add_smooth_kw(kw_list::Vector{KW}, kw::KW)
    if get(kw, :smooth, false)
        x, y = kw[:x], kw[:y]
        β, α = convert(Matrix{Float64}, [x ones(length(x))]) \ convert(Vector{Float64}, y)
-        sx = [minimum(x), maximum(x)]
+        sx = [ignoreNaN_minimum(x), ignoreNaN_maximum(x)]
        sy = β * sx + α
        push!(kw_list, merge(copy(kw), KW(
            :seriestype => :path,
@@ -183,6 +184,7 @@ function _process_plotrecipe(plt::Plot, kw::KW, kw_list::Vector{KW}, still_to_pr
        st = kw[:seriestype] = get(_typeAliases, st, st)
        datalist = RecipesBase.apply_recipe(kw, Val{st}, plt)
        for data in datalist
+            preprocessArgs!(data.d)
            if data.d[:seriestype] == st
                error("Plot recipe $st returned the same seriestype: $(data.d)")
            end
@@ -242,12 +244,13 @@ function _plot_setup(plt::Plot, d::KW, kw_list::Vector{KW})
            end
            sp = Subplot(backend(), parent=parent)
            sp.plt = plt
-            sp.attr[:relative_bbox] = bb
-            sp.attr[:subplot_index] = length(plt.subplots)
            push!(plt.subplots, sp)
            push!(plt.inset_subplots, sp)
+            sp.attr[:relative_bbox] = bb
+            sp.attr[:subplot_index] = length(plt.subplots)
        end
    end
+    plt[:inset_subplots] = nothing
 end

 function _subplot_setup(plt::Plot, d::KW, kw_list::Vector{KW})
@@ -274,13 +277,24 @@ function _subplot_setup(plt::Plot, d::KW, kw_list::Vector{KW})
                    attr[Symbol(letter,k)] = v
                end
            end
+            for k in (:scale,), letter in (:x,:y,:z)
+                # Series recipes may need access to this information
+                lk = Symbol(letter,k)
+                if haskey(attr, lk)
+                    kw[lk] = attr[lk]
+                end
+            end
        end
        sp_attrs[sp] = attr
    end

    # override subplot/axis args.  `sp_attrs` take precendence
    for (idx,sp) in enumerate(plt.subplots)
-        attr = merge(d, get(sp_attrs, sp, KW()))
+        attr = if !haskey(d, :subplot) || d[:subplot] == idx
+            merge(d, get(sp_attrs, sp, KW()))
+        else
+            get(sp_attrs, sp, KW())
+        end
        _update_subplot_args(plt, sp, attr, idx, false)
    end

@@ -330,14 +344,17 @@ function _prepare_annotations(sp::Subplot, d::KW)
    # strip out series annotations (those which are based on series x/y coords)
    # and add them to the subplot attr
    sp_anns = annotations(sp[:annotations])
-    anns = annotations(pop!(d, :series_annotations, []))
-    if length(anns) > 0
-        x, y = d[:x], d[:y]
-        nx, ny, na = map(length, (x,y,anns))
-        n = max(nx, ny, na)
-        anns = [(x[mod1(i,nx)], y[mod1(i,ny)], text(anns[mod1(i,na)])) for i=1:n]
-    end
-    sp.attr[:annotations] = vcat(sp_anns, anns)
+    # series_anns = annotations(pop!(d, :series_annotations, []))
+    # if isa(series_anns, SeriesAnnotations)
+    #     series_anns.x = d[:x]
+    #     series_anns.y = d[:y]
+    # elseif length(series_anns) > 0
+    #     x, y = d[:x], d[:y]
+    #     nx, ny, na = map(length, (x,y,series_anns))
+    #     n = max(nx, ny, na)
+    #     series_anns = [(x[mod1(i,nx)], y[mod1(i,ny)], text(series_anns[mod1(i,na)])) for i=1:n]
+    # end
+    # sp.attr[:annotations] = vcat(sp_anns, series_anns)
 end

 function _expand_subplot_extrema(sp::Subplot, d::KW, st::Symbol)
@@ -347,16 +364,17 @@ function _expand_subplot_extrema(sp::Subplot, d::KW, st::Symbol)
        expand_extrema!(sp[:xaxis], (0,w))
        expand_extrema!(sp[:yaxis], (0,h))
        sp[:yaxis].d[:flip] = true
-    elseif !(st in (:pie, :histogram, :histogram2d))
+    elseif !(st in (:pie, :histogram, :bins2d, :histogram2d))
        expand_extrema!(sp, d)
    end
 end

-function _add_the_series(plt, d)
+function _add_the_series(plt, sp, d)
    warnOnUnsupported_args(plt.backend, d)
    warnOnUnsupported(plt.backend, d)
    series = Series(d)
    push!(plt.series_list, series)
+    push!(sp.series_list, series)
    _series_added(plt, series)
 end

@@ -375,11 +393,11 @@ function _process_seriesrecipe(plt::Plot, d::KW)
    end

    # if it's natively supported, finalize processing and pass along to the backend, otherwise recurse
-    if st in supported_types()
+    if is_seriestype_supported(st)
        sp = _prepare_subplot(plt, d)
        _prepare_annotations(sp, d)
        _expand_subplot_extrema(sp, d, st)
-        _add_the_series(plt, d)
+        _add_the_series(plt, sp, d)

    else
        # get a sub list of series for this seriestype
@@ -388,6 +406,10 @@ function _process_seriesrecipe(plt::Plot, d::KW)
        # assuming there was no error, recursively apply the series recipes
        for data in datalist
            if isa(data, RecipeData)
+                preprocessArgs!(data.d)
+                if data.d[:seriestype] == st
+                    error("The seriestype didn't change in series recipe $st.  This will cause a StackOverflow.")
+                end
                _process_seriesrecipe(plt, data.d)
            else
                warn("Unhandled recipe: $(data)")
@@ -89,8 +89,16 @@ function plot(plt1::Plot, plts_tail::Plot...; kw...)
    plt.o = _create_backend_figure(plt)
    plt.init = true

+    series_attr = KW()
+    for (k,v) in d
+        if haskey(_series_defaults, k)
+            series_attr[k] = pop!(d,k)
+        end
+    end
+
    # create the layout and initialize the subplots
    plt.layout, plt.subplots, plt.spmap = build_layout(layout, num_sp, copy(plts))
+    cmdidx = 1
    for (idx, sp) in enumerate(plt.subplots)
        _initialize_subplot(plt, sp)
        serieslist = series_list(sp)
@@ -100,8 +108,11 @@ function plot(plt1::Plot, plts_tail::Plot...; kw...)
        sp.plt = plt
        sp.attr[:subplot_index] = idx
        for series in serieslist
+            merge!(series.d, series_attr)
+            _add_defaults!(series.d, plt, sp, cmdidx)
            push!(plt.series_list, series)
            _series_added(plt, series)
+            cmdidx += 1
        end
    end

@@ -115,9 +126,7 @@ function plot(plt1::Plot, plts_tail::Plot...; kw...)

    # finish up
    current(plt)
-    if get(d, :show, default(:show))
-        gui()
-    end
+    _do_plot_show(plt, get(d, :show, default(:show)))
    plt
 end

@@ -148,7 +157,12 @@ end
 # a list of series KW dicts.
 # note: at entry, we only have those preprocessed args which were passed in... no default values yet
 function _plot!(plt::Plot, d::KW, args::Tuple)
-    # d[:plot_object] = plt
+    d[:plot_object] = plt
+
+    if !isempty(args) && !isdefined(Main, :StatPlots) &&
+            first(split(string(typeof(args[1])), ".")) == "DataFrames"
+        warn("You're trying to plot a DataFrame, but this functionality is provided by StatPlots")
+    end

    # --------------------------------
    # "USER RECIPES"
@@ -156,6 +170,9 @@ function _plot!(plt::Plot, d::KW, args::Tuple)

    kw_list = _process_userrecipes(plt, d, args)

+    # info(1)
+    # map(DD, kw_list)
+

    # --------------------------------
    # "PLOT RECIPES"
@@ -172,6 +189,9 @@ function _plot!(plt::Plot, d::KW, args::Tuple)
        _process_plotrecipe(plt, next_kw, kw_list, still_to_process)
    end

+    # info(2)
+    # map(DD, kw_list)
+
    # --------------------------------
    # Plot/Subplot/Layout setup
    # --------------------------------
@@ -184,7 +204,10 @@ function _plot!(plt::Plot, d::KW, args::Tuple)
    # --------------------------------
    # "SERIES RECIPES"
    # --------------------------------
-    
+
+    # info(3)
+    # map(DD, kw_list)
+
    for kw in kw_list
        sp::Subplot = kw[:subplot]
        # idx = get_subplot_index(plt, sp)
@@ -209,9 +232,10 @@ function _plot!(plt::Plot, d::KW, args::Tuple)
    current(plt)

    # do we want to force display?
-    if plt[:show]
-        gui(plt)
-    end
+    # if plt[:show]
+    #     gui(plt)
+    # end
+    _do_plot_show(plt, plt[:show])

    plt
 end
@@ -242,7 +266,7 @@ function prepare_output(plt::Plot)
    _update_plot_object(plt)
 end

-function prepared_object(plt::Plot)
+function backend_object(plt::Plot)
    prepare_output(plt)
    plt.o
 end
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+
+const _attribute_defaults =  Dict(:Series => _series_defaults,
+                        :Subplot => _subplot_defaults,
+                        :Plot => _plot_defaults,
+                        :Axis => _axis_defaults)
+
+attrtypes() = join(keys(_attribute_defaults), ", ")
+attributes(attrtype::Symbol) = sort(collect(keys(_attribute_defaults[attrtype])))
+
+function lookup_aliases(attrtype, attribute)
+    attribute = Symbol(attribute)
+    attribute = in(attribute, keys(_keyAliases)) ? _keyAliases[attribute] : attribute
+    in(attribute, keys(_attribute_defaults[attrtype])) && return attribute
+    error("There is no attribute named $attribute in $attrtype")
+end
+
+function plotattr()
+    println("Specify an attribute type to get a list of supported attributes. Options are $(attrtypes())")
+end
+
+function plotattr(attrtype::Symbol)
+    in(attrtype, keys(_attribute_defaults)) || error("Viable options are $(attrtypes())")
+    println("Defined $attrtype attributes are:\n$(join(attributes(attrtype), ", "))")
+end
+
+function plotattr(attribute::AbstractString)
+    attribute = Symbol(attribute)
+    attribute = in(attribute, keys(_keyAliases)) ? _keyAliases[attribute] : attribute
+    for (k, v) in _attribute_defaults
+        if in(attribute, keys(v))
+            return plotattr(k, "$attribute")
+        end
+    end
+    error("There is no attribute named $attribute")
+end
+
+function plotattr(attrtype::Symbol, attribute::AbstractString)
+    in(attrtype, keys(_attribute_defaults)) || ArgumentError("`attrtype` must match one of $(attrtypes())")
+
+    attribute = Symbol(lookup_aliases(attrtype, attribute))
+
+    desc = get(_arg_desc, attribute, "")
+    first_period_idx = findfirst(desc, '.')
+    typedesc = desc[1:first_period_idx-1]
+    desc = strip(desc[first_period_idx+1:end])
+    als = keys(filter((_,v)->v==attribute, _keyAliases)) |> collect |> sort
+    als = join(map(string,als), ", ")
+    def = _attribute_defaults[attrtype][attribute]
+
+
+    # Looks up the different elements and plots them
+    println("$attribute ", typedesc == "" ? "" : "{$typedesc}", "\n",
+        als == "" ? "" : "$als\n",
+        "\n$desc\n",
+        "$(attrtype) attribute, ", def == "" ? "" : " default: $def")
+end
@@ -1,468 +1,3 @@
 function _precompile_()
    ccall(:jl_generating_output, Cint, ()) == 1 || return nothing
-    precompile(Plots.py_add_series, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Plots.Series,))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Float64, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64},))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Function,))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Plots.OHLC, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Float64, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.LinSpace{Float64},))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, DataFrames.DataFrame,))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Int64, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Union{UTF8String, ASCIIString}, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Function, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{ASCIIString, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.FloatRange{Float64},))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Float64, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots._plot!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Float64, 2},))
-    precompile(Plots._add_defaults!, (Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Plot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend}, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots._before_layout_calcs, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots._apply_series_recipe, (Plots.Plot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots._add_defaults!, (Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots._apply_series_recipe, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots.setup_ijulia, ())
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Type{Plots.Plot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend}}, Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend, Int64, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Plots.Series, 1}, Void, Array{Plots.Subplot, 1}, Base.Dict{Any, Plots.Subplot}, Plots.EmptyLayout, Array{Plots.Subplot, 1}, Bool,))
-    precompile(Plots.expand_extrema!, (Plots.Subplot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots.create_grid_vcat, (Expr,))
-    precompile(Plots.expand_extrema!, (Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots.update_child_bboxes!, (Plots.GridLayout, Array{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.preprocessArgs!, (Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Type{Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}}, Plots.PyPlotBackend, Int64, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Plots.Series, 1}, Void, Array{Plots.Subplot, 1}, Base.Dict{Any, Plots.Subplot}, Plots.EmptyLayout, Array{Plots.Subplot, 1}, Bool,))
-    precompile(Plots.fix_xy_lengths!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots._update_min_padding!, (Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.warnOnUnsupported_args, (Plots.PyPlotBackend, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots.build_layout, (Plots.GridLayout, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.build_layout, (Plots.GridLayout, Int64, Array{Plots.Plot, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.warnOnUnsupported, (Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots.link_axes!, (Plots.GridLayout, Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.warnOnUnsupported, (Plots.PyPlotBackend, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots._update_plot_args, (Plots.Plot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots.font, (Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.recompute_lengths, (Array{Measures.Measure, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots._update_plot_object, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.font, (Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.create_grid, (Expr,))
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg!, (Array{Any, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Void, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.pickDefaultBackend, ())
-    precompile(Plots.default_should_widen, (Plots.Axis,))
-    precompile(Plots.setup_atom, ())
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg!, (Array{Any, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.my_hist_2d, (Array{Any, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg!, (Array{Any, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, ASCIIString, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.create_grid_curly, (Expr,))
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg!, (Array{Any, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Bool, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg!, (Array{Any, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Int64, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.my_hist, (Array{Any, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.getpctrange, (Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Type{Plots.ColorGradient}, Array{Symbol, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.default, (Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.process_axis_arg!, (Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.pie_labels, (Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Plots.Series,))
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg!, (Array{Any, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.py_path, (Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots._update_min_padding!, (Plots.GridLayout,))
-    precompile(Plots.warnOnUnsupported_scales, (Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg!, (Array{Any, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Plots.Font, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.process_axis_arg!, (Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg!, (Array{Any, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Array{Any, 1}, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.default, (Symbol, Tuple{Int64, Int64},))
-    precompile(Plots.warnOnUnsupported_scales, (Plots.PyPlotBackend, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots.axis_limits, (Plots.Axis, Bool,))
-    precompile(Plots.default, (Symbol, Bool,))
-    precompile(Plots.getColorZ, (Plots.ColorGradient, Float64,))
-    precompile(Plots._update_plot_args, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Type{Plots.Surface}, Function, Base.FloatRange{Float64}, Base.FloatRange{Float64},))
-    precompile(Plots.font, (Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.process_axis_arg!, (Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Array{Any, 1}, Type{Plots.Subplot}, Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend,))
-    precompile(Plots.extractGroupArgs, (Array{ASCIIString, 1}, Array{Float64, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots._update_subplot_args, (Array{Any, 1}, Plots.Plot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Array{Any, 1}, Type{Plots.Subplot}, Plots.PyPlotBackend,))
-    precompile(Plots._update_subplot_args, (Array{Any, 1}, Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.extractGroupArgs, (Array{Union{UTF8String, ASCIIString}, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.bbox_to_pcts, (Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Bool,))
-    precompile(Plots.plot, (Array{Any, 1}, Array{Float64, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.py_marker, (Plots.Shape,))
-    precompile(Plots.getindex, (Plots.Subplot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend}, Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.getindex, (Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.discrete_value!, (Plots.Axis, Array{Union{UTF8String, ASCIIString}, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.prepare_output, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.update_inset_bboxes!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.add_layout_pct!, (Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Expr, Int64, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.process_axis_arg!, (Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, ASCIIString, Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Type{Plots.Shape}, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.plot, (Array{Any, 1}, Base.LinSpace{Float64}, Array{Float64, 2},))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Array{Any, 1}, Type{Plots.EmptyLayout}, Plots.RootLayout,))
-    precompile(Plots.plot, (Array{Any, 1}, Function, Function,))
-    precompile(Plots.should_add_to_legend, (Plots.Series,))
-    precompile(Plots.plot, (Array{Any, 1}, DataFrames.DataFrame, Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.plot, (Array{Any, 1}, Array{Plots.OHLC, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.convertToAnyVector, (Array{Float64, 2}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots.plot, (Array{Any, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.plot, (Array{Any, 1}, Array{ASCIIString, 1}, Array{Float64, 1},))
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-    precompile(Plots.series_list, (Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.convertToAnyVector, (Array{Float64, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any},))
-    precompile(Plots.update!, (Plots.Axis,))
-    precompile(Plots.push!, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Float64, Array{Float64, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Bool,))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Type{Plots.Shape}, Array{Tuple{Float64, Float64}, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg, (Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.sticks_fillfrom, (Void, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.left, (Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}},))
-    precompile(Plots.gr, ())
-    precompile(Plots.leftpad, (Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.supported_markers, ())
-    precompile(Plots.colorscheme, (Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.convertColor, (ColorTypes.RGB{Float64}, Void,))
-    precompile(Plots.isscalar, (Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Type{Plots.Plot}, Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend, Int64, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Plots.Series, 1}, Void, Array{Plots.Subplot, 1}, Base.Dict{Any, Plots.Subplot}, Plots.EmptyLayout, Array{Plots.Subplot, 1}, Bool,))
-    precompile(Plots.supported_styles, ())
-    precompile(Plots.frame, (Plots.Animation,))
-    precompile(Plots.toppad, (Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.link_axes!, (Plots.Subplot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend}, Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.convertLegendValue, (Bool,))
-    precompile(Plots.convertColor, (ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Void,))
-    precompile(Plots.plotly, ())
-    precompile(Plots.ispositive, (Measures.Length{:mm, Float64},))
-    precompile(Plots.rightpad, (Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Type{Plots.GroupBy}, Array{ASCIIString, 1}, Array{Array{Int64, 1}, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.px2inch, (Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg, (Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Type{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.trueOrAllTrue, (Function, Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.bottompad, (Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.annotate!, (Array{Tuple{Int64, Float64, Plots.PlotText}, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.get_subplot_index, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Type{Plots.Plot}, Plots.PyPlotBackend, Int64, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Plots.Series, 1}, Void, Array{Plots.Subplot, 1}, Base.Dict{Any, Plots.Subplot}, Plots.EmptyLayout, Array{Plots.Subplot, 1}, Bool,))
-    precompile(Plots.title!, (ASCIIString,))
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg, (Bool, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Float64,))
-    precompile(Plots.bottompad, (Plots.GridLayout,))
-    precompile(Plots.py_stepstyle, (Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.link_axes!, (Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Symbol,))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Type{Plots.GRBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.unicodeplots, ())
-    precompile(Plots.rightpad, (Plots.GridLayout,))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Type{Plots.PlotlyBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.py_color, (ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64},))
-    precompile(Plots.toppad, (Plots.GridLayout,))
-    precompile(Plots.calc_edges, (Array{Float64, 1}, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.colorscheme, (ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64},))
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg, (Int64, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.pyplot, ())
-    precompile(Plots._update_subplot_args, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots._series_added, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Plots.Series,))
-    precompile(Plots.get_color_palette, (Array{ColorTypes.RGBA, 1}, ColorTypes.RGB{Float64}, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots._initialize_subplot, (Plots.Plot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg, (Void, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.cycle, (Int64, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots._initialize_subplot, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.call, (Type{Plots.PyPlotBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.update_child_bboxes!, (Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Array{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.filter_data, (Void, Array{Int64, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg, (Symbol, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.slice_arg, (ASCIIString, Int64,))
-    precompile(Plots.layout_args, (Plots.GridLayout,))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{},))
-    precompile(Plots.calc_num_subplots, (Plots.EmptyLayout,))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{Symbol, Float64, Plots.Stroke},))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{ASCIIString, Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Symbol},))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{Int64, Symbol, Float64, Array{Symbol, 2}},))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{Int64, Array{Symbol, 2}},))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{ASCIIString, Symbol},))
-    precompile(Plots._replace_markershape, (Array{Symbol, 2},))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{Symbol, Int64},))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{Array{Symbol, 2}, Int64},))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{Int64, Symbol, Symbol},))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{Int64, Float64, Symbol, Plots.Stroke},))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{Float64, Array{Symbol, 2}, Int64},))
-    precompile(Plots.py_color, (ColorTypes.RGB{Float64},))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{Int64, Float64, Symbol},))
-    precompile(Plots.tovec, (Array{Float64, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.get_subplot, (Plots.Plot{Plots.PyPlotBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.PyPlotBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.eltype, (Plots.Surface{Array{Float64, 2}},))
-    precompile(Plots.nobigs, (Array{Float64, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.get_subplot, (Plots.Plot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend},))
-    precompile(Plots.annotations, (Array{Any, 1},))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{Int64, Symbol},))
-    precompile(Plots.colorscheme, (Plots.ColorWrapper,))
-    precompile(Plots.colorscheme, (Plots.ColorGradient,))
-    precompile(Plots.text, (Plots.PlotText,))
-    precompile(Plots._replace_markershape, (Plots.Shape,))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{Array{Symbol, 2}, Int64, Float64, Plots.Stroke},))
-    precompile(Plots.wraptuple, (Tuple{Plots.Shape, Int64, ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}},))
 end
@@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ end
 # returns :no, :native, or :recipe depending on how it's supported
 function seriestype_supported(pkg::AbstractBackend, st::Symbol)
    # is it natively supported
-    if st in supported_types(pkg)
+    if is_seriestype_supported(pkg, st)
        return :native
    end
-    
+
    haskey(_series_recipe_deps, st) || return :no

    supported = true
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ function all_seriestypes()
    sts = Set{Symbol}(keys(_series_recipe_deps))
    for bsym in backends()
        btype = _backendType[bsym]
-        sts = union(sts, Set{Symbol}(supported_types(btype())))
+        sts = union(sts, Set{Symbol}(supported_seriestypes(btype())))
    end
    sort(collect(sts))
 end
@@ -93,57 +93,11 @@ end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-
 num_series(x::AMat) = size(x,2)
 num_series(x) = 1

-
 RecipesBase.apply_recipe{T}(d::KW, ::Type{T}, plt::Plot) = throw(MethodError("Unmatched plot recipe: $T"))

-
-# # TODO: remove when StatPlots is ready
-# if is_installed("DataFrames")
-#     @eval begin
-#         import DataFrames
-
-#         # if it's one symbol, set the guide and return the column
-#         function handle_dfs(df::DataFrames.AbstractDataFrame, d::KW, letter, sym::Symbol)
-#             get!(d, Symbol(letter * "guide"), string(sym))
-#             collect(df[sym])
-#         end
-
-#         # if it's an array of symbols, set the labels and return a Vector{Any} of columns
-#         function handle_dfs(df::DataFrames.AbstractDataFrame, d::KW, letter, syms::AbstractArray{Symbol})
-#             get!(d, :label, reshape(syms, 1, length(syms)))
-#             Any[collect(df[s]) for s in syms]
-#         end
-
-#         # for anything else, no-op
-#         function handle_dfs(df::DataFrames.AbstractDataFrame, d::KW, letter, anything)
-#             anything
-#         end
-
-#         # handle grouping by DataFrame column
-#         function extractGroupArgs(group::Symbol, df::DataFrames.AbstractDataFrame, args...)
-#             extractGroupArgs(collect(df[group]))
-#         end
-
-#         # if a DataFrame is the first arg, lets swap symbols out for columns
-#         @recipe function f(df::DataFrames.AbstractDataFrame, args...)
-#             # if any of these attributes are symbols, swap out for the df column
-#             for k in (:fillrange, :line_z, :marker_z, :markersize, :ribbon, :weights, :xerror, :yerror)
-#                 if haskey(d, k) && isa(d[k], Symbol)
-#                     d[k] = collect(df[d[k]])
-#                 end
-#             end
-
-#             # return a list of new arguments
-#             tuple(Any[handle_dfs(df, d, (i==1 ? "x" : i==2 ? "y" : "z"), arg) for (i,arg) in enumerate(args)]...)
-#         end
-#     end
-# end
-
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


@@ -202,6 +156,7 @@ end

 function make_steps(x, y, st)
    n = length(x)
+    n == 0 && return zeros(0),zeros(0)
    newx, newy = zeros(2n-1), zeros(2n-1)
    for i=1:n
        idx = 2i-1
@@ -261,19 +216,23 @@ end
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # sticks

-sticks_fillfrom(fr::Void, i::Integer) = 0.0
-sticks_fillfrom(fr::Number, i::Integer) = fr
-sticks_fillfrom(fr::AVec, i::Integer) = fr[mod1(i, length(fr))]
-
 # create vertical line segments from fill
@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:sticks}}, x, y, z)
    n = length(x)
    fr = d[:fillrange]
+    if fr == nothing
+        yaxis = d[:subplot][:yaxis]
+        fr = if yaxis[:scale] == :identity
+            0.0
+        else
+            NaNMath.min(axis_limits(yaxis)[1], ignoreNaN_minimum(y))
+        end
+    end
    newx, newy = zeros(3n), zeros(3n)
    for i=1:n
        rng = 3i-2:3i
        newx[rng] = [x[i], x[i], NaN]
-        newy[rng] = [sticks_fillfrom(fr,i), y[i], NaN]
+        newy[rng] = [cycle(fr,i), y[i], NaN]
    end
    x := newx
    y := newy
@@ -300,7 +259,7 @@ end
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # bezier curves

-# get the value of the curve point at position t 
+# get the value of the curve point at position t
 function bezier_value(pts::AVec, t::Real)
    val = 0.0
    n = length(pts)-1
@@ -364,10 +323,11 @@ end

 # create a bar plot as a filled step function
@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:bar}}, x, y, z)
-    nx, ny = length(x), length(y)
+    procx, procy, xscale, yscale, baseline = _preprocess_barlike(d, x, y)
+    nx, ny = length(procx), length(procy)
    axis = d[:subplot][isvertical(d) ? :xaxis : :yaxis]
-    cv = [discrete_value!(axis, xi)[1] for xi=x]
-    x = if nx == ny
+    cv = [discrete_value!(axis, xi)[1] for xi=procx]
+    procx = if nx == ny
        cv
    elseif nx == ny + 1
        0.5diff(cv) + cv[1:end-1]
@@ -378,9 +338,9 @@ end
    # compute half-width of bars
    bw = d[:bar_width]
    hw = if bw == nothing
-        0.5mean(diff(x))
+        0.5ignoreNaN_mean(diff(procx))
    else
-        Float64[0.5cycle(bw,i) for i=1:length(x)]
+        Float64[0.5cycle(bw,i) for i=1:length(procx)]
    end

    # make fillto a vector... default fills to 0
@@ -388,23 +348,35 @@ end
    if fillto == nothing
        fillto = 0
    end
+    if (yscale in _logScales) && !all(_is_positive, fillto)
+        fillto = map(x -> _is_positive(x) ? typeof(baseline)(x) : baseline, fillto)
+    end

    # create the bar shapes by adding x/y segments
    xseg, yseg = Segments(), Segments()
    for i=1:ny
-        center = x[i]
-        hwi = cycle(hw,i)
-        yi = y[i]
-        fi = cycle(fillto,i)
-        push!(xseg, center-hwi, center-hwi, center+hwi, center+hwi, center-hwi)
-        push!(yseg, yi, fi, fi, yi, yi)
+        yi = procy[i]
+        if !isnan(yi)
+            center = procx[i]
+            hwi = cycle(hw,i)
+            fi = cycle(fillto,i)
+            push!(xseg, center-hwi, center-hwi, center+hwi, center+hwi, center-hwi)
+            push!(yseg, yi, fi, fi, yi, yi)
+        end
    end

+    # widen limits out a bit
+    expand_extrema!(axis, widen(ignoreNaN_extrema(xseg.pts)...))
+
    # switch back
    if !isvertical(d)
        xseg, yseg = yseg, xseg
    end

+
+    # reset orientation
+    orientation := default(:orientation)
+
    x := xseg.pts
    y := yseg.pts
    seriestype := :shape
@@ -412,101 +384,326 @@ end
 end
@deps bar shape

+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Histograms

-# edges from number of bins
-function calc_edges(v, bins::Integer)
-    vmin, vmax = extrema(v)
-    linspace(vmin, vmax, bins+1)
+_bin_centers(v::AVec) = (v[1:end-1] + v[2:end]) / 2
+
+_is_positive(x) = (x > 0) && !(x ≈ 0)
+
+_positive_else_nan{T}(::Type{T}, x::Real) = _is_positive(x) ? T(x) : T(NaN)
+
+function _scale_adjusted_values{T<:AbstractFloat}(::Type{T}, V::AbstractVector, scale::Symbol)
+    if scale in _logScales
+        [_positive_else_nan(T, x) for x in V]
+    else
+        [T(x) for x in V]
+    end
 end

-# just pass through arrays
-calc_edges(v, bins::AVec) = bins

-# find the bucket index of this value
-function bucket_index(vi, edges)
-    for (i,e) in enumerate(edges)
-        if vi <= e
-            return max(1,i-1)
+function _binbarlike_baseline{T<:Real}(min_value::T, scale::Symbol)
+    if (scale in _logScales)
+        !isnan(min_value) ? min_value / T(_logScaleBases[scale]^log10(2)) : T(1E-3)
+    else
+        zero(T)
+    end
+end
+
+
+function _preprocess_binbarlike_weights{T<:AbstractFloat}(::Type{T}, w, wscale::Symbol)
+    w_adj = _scale_adjusted_values(T, w, wscale)
+    w_min = ignoreNaN_minimum(w_adj)
+    w_max = ignoreNaN_maximum(w_adj)
+    baseline = _binbarlike_baseline(w_min, wscale)
+    w_adj, baseline
+end
+
+function _preprocess_barlike(d, x, y)
+    xscale = get(d, :xscale, :identity)
+    yscale = get(d, :yscale, :identity)
+    weights, baseline = _preprocess_binbarlike_weights(float(eltype(y)), y, yscale)
+    x, weights, xscale, yscale, baseline
+end
+
+function _preprocess_binlike(d, x, y)
+    xscale = get(d, :xscale, :identity)
+    yscale = get(d, :yscale, :identity)
+    T = float(promote_type(eltype(x), eltype(y)))
+    edge = T.(x)
+    weights, baseline = _preprocess_binbarlike_weights(T, y, yscale)
+    edge, weights, xscale, yscale, baseline
+end
+
+
+@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:barbins}}, x, y, z)
+    edge, weights, xscale, yscale, baseline = _preprocess_binlike(d, x, y)
+    if (d[:bar_width] == nothing)
+        bar_width := diff(edge)
+    end
+    x := _bin_centers(edge)
+    y := weights
+    seriestype := :bar
+    ()
+end
+@deps barbins bar
+
+
+@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:scatterbins}}, x, y, z)
+    edge, weights, xscale, yscale, baseline = _preprocess_binlike(d, x, y)
+    xerror := diff(edge)/2
+    x := _bin_centers(edge)
+    y := weights
+    seriestype := :scatter
+    ()
+end
+@deps scatterbins scatter
+
+
+function _stepbins_path(edge, weights, baseline::Real, xscale::Symbol, yscale::Symbol)
+    log_scale_x = xscale in _logScales
+    log_scale_y = yscale in _logScales
+
+    nbins = length(linearindices(weights))
+    if length(linearindices(edge)) != nbins + 1
+        error("Edge vector must be 1 longer than weight vector")
+    end
+
+    x = eltype(edge)[]
+    y = eltype(weights)[]
+
+    it_e, it_w = start(edge), start(weights)
+    a, it_e = next(edge, it_e)
+    last_w = eltype(weights)(NaN)
+    i = 1
+    while (!done(edge, it_e) && !done(edge, it_e))
+        b, it_e = next(edge, it_e)
+        w, it_w = next(weights, it_w)
+
+        if (log_scale_x && a ≈ 0)
+            a = b/_logScaleBases[xscale]^3
        end
+
+        if isnan(w)
+            if !isnan(last_w)
+                push!(x, a)
+                push!(y, baseline)
+            end
+        else
+            if isnan(last_w)
+                push!(x, a)
+                push!(y, baseline)
+            end
+            push!(x, a)
+            push!(y, w)
+            push!(x, b)
+            push!(y, w)
+        end
+
+        a = b
+        last_w = w
    end
-    return length(edges)-1
+    if (last_w != baseline)
+        push!(x, a)
+        push!(y, baseline)
+    end
+
+    (x, y)
 end

-function my_hist(v, bins; normed = false, weights = nothing)
-    edges = calc_edges(v, bins)
-    counts = zeros(length(edges)-1)

-    # add a weighted count
-    for (i,vi) in enumerate(v)
-        idx = bucket_index(vi, edges)
-        counts[idx] += (weights == nothing ? 1.0 : weights[i])
+@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:stepbins}}, x, y, z)
+    axis = d[:subplot][Plots.isvertical(d) ? :xaxis : :yaxis]
+
+    edge, weights, xscale, yscale, baseline = _preprocess_binlike(d, x, y)
+
+    xpts, ypts = _stepbins_path(edge, weights, baseline, xscale, yscale)
+    if !isvertical(d)
+        xpts, ypts = ypts, xpts
    end

-    # normalize by bar area?
-    norm_denom = normed ? sum(diff(edges) .* counts) : 1.0
-    if norm_denom == 0
-        norm_denom = 1.0
+    # create a secondary series for the markers
+    if d[:markershape] != :none
+        @series begin
+            seriestype := :scatter
+            x := _bin_centers(edge)
+            y := weights
+            fillrange := nothing
+            label := ""
+            primary := false
+            ()
+        end
+        markershape := :none
+        xerror := :none
+        yerror := :none
    end

-    edges, counts ./ norm_denom
+    x := xpts
+    y := ypts
+    seriestype := :path
+    ()
+end
+Plots.@deps stepbins path
+
+
+function _auto_binning_nbins{N}(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}, dim::Integer; mode::Symbol = :auto)
+    _cl(x) = ceil(Int, NaNMath.max(x, one(x)))
+    _iqr(v) = quantile(v, 0.75) - quantile(v, 0.25)
+    _span(v) = ignoreNaN_maximum(v) - ignoreNaN_minimum(v)
+
+    n_samples = length(linearindices(first(vs)))
+    # Estimator for number of samples in one row/column of bins along each axis:
+    n = max(1, n_samples^(1/N))
+
+    v = vs[dim]
+
+    if mode == :auto
+        30
+    elseif mode == :sqrt  # Square-root choice
+        _cl(sqrt(n))
+    elseif mode == :sturges  # Sturges' formula
+        _cl(log2(n)) + 1
+    elseif mode == :rice  # Rice Rule
+        _cl(2 * n^(1/3))
+    elseif mode == :scott  # Scott's normal reference rule
+        _cl(_span(v) / (3.5 * std(v) / n^(1/3)))
+    elseif mode == :fd  # Freedman–Diaconis rule
+        _cl(_span(v) / (2 * _iqr(v) / n^(1/3)))
+    else
+        error("Unknown auto-binning mode $mode")
+    end::Int
+end
+
+_hist_edge{N}(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}, dim::Integer, binning::Integer) = StatsBase.histrange(vs[dim], binning, :left)
+_hist_edge{N}(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}, dim::Integer, binning::Symbol) = _hist_edge(vs, dim, _auto_binning_nbins(vs, dim, mode = binning))
+_hist_edge{N}(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}, dim::Integer, binning::AbstractVector) = binning
+
+_hist_edges{N}(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}, binning::NTuple{N}) =
+    map(dim -> _hist_edge(vs, dim, binning[dim]), (1:N...))
+
+_hist_edges{N}(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}, binning::Union{Integer, Symbol, AbstractVector}) =
+    map(dim -> _hist_edge(vs, dim, binning), (1:N...))
+
+_hist_norm_mode(mode::Symbol) = mode
+_hist_norm_mode(mode::Bool) = mode ? :pdf : :none
+
+function _make_hist{N}(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}, binning; normed = false, weights = nothing)
+    edges = _hist_edges(vs, binning)
+    h = float( weights == nothing ?
+        StatsBase.fit(StatsBase.Histogram, vs, edges, closed = :left) :
+        StatsBase.fit(StatsBase.Histogram, vs, weights, edges, closed = :left)
+    )
+    normalize!(h, mode = _hist_norm_mode(normed))
 end


@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:histogram}}, x, y, z)
-    edges, counts = my_hist(y, d[:bins],
-                               normed = d[:normalize],
-                               weights = d[:weights])
-    x := edges
-    y := counts
-    seriestype := :bar
+    seriestype := :barhist
    ()
 end
-@deps histogram bar
+@deps histogram barhist
+
+@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:barhist}}, x, y, z)
+    h = _make_hist((y,), d[:bins], normed = d[:normalize], weights = d[:weights])
+    x := h.edges[1]
+    y := h.weights
+    seriestype := :barbins
+    ()
+end
+@deps barhist barbins
+
+@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:stephist}}, x, y, z)
+    h = _make_hist((y,), d[:bins], normed = d[:normalize], weights = d[:weights])
+    x := h.edges[1]
+    y := h.weights
+    seriestype := :stepbins
+    ()
+end
+@deps stephist stepbins
+
+@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:scatterhist}}, x, y, z)
+    h = _make_hist((y,), d[:bins], normed = d[:normalize], weights = d[:weights])
+    x := h.edges[1]
+    y := h.weights
+    seriestype := :scatterbins
+    ()
+end
+@deps scatterhist scatterbins
+
+
+@recipe function f{T, E}(h::StatsBase.Histogram{T, 1, E})
+    seriestype --> :barbins
+
+    st_map = Dict(
+        :bar => :barbins, :scatter => :scatterbins, :step => :stepbins,
+        :steppost => :stepbins # :step can be mapped to :steppost in pre-processing
+    )
+    seriestype := get(st_map, d[:seriestype], d[:seriestype])
+
+    if d[:seriestype] == :scatterbins
+        # Workaround, error bars currently not set correctly by scatterbins
+        edge, weights, xscale, yscale, baseline = _preprocess_binlike(d, h.edges[1], h.weights)
+        xerror --> diff(h.edges[1])/2
+        seriestype := :scatter
+        (Plots._bin_centers(edge), weights)
+    else
+        (h.edges[1], h.weights)
+    end
+end
+
+
+@recipe function f{H <: StatsBase.Histogram}(hv::AbstractVector{H})
+    for h in hv
+        @series begin
+            h
+        end
+    end
+end
+

 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Histogram 2D

-# if tuple, map out bins, otherwise use the same for both
-calc_edges_2d(x, y, bins) = calc_edges(x, bins), calc_edges(y, bins)
-calc_edges_2d{X,Y}(x, y, bins::Tuple{X,Y}) = calc_edges(x, bins[1]), calc_edges(y, bins[2])
+@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:bins2d}}, x, y, z)
+    edge_x, edge_y, weights = x, y, z.surf

-# the 2D version
-function my_hist_2d(x, y, bins; normed = false, weights = nothing)
-    xedges, yedges = calc_edges_2d(x, y, bins)
-    counts = zeros(length(yedges)-1, length(xedges)-1)
-
-    # add a weighted count
-    for i=1:length(x)
-        r = bucket_index(y[i], yedges)
-        c = bucket_index(x[i], xedges)
-        counts[r,c] += (weights == nothing ? 1.0 : weights[i])
+    float_weights = float(weights)
+    if is(float_weights, weights)
+        float_weights = deepcopy(float_weights)
+    end
+    for (i, c) in enumerate(float_weights)
+        if c == 0
+            float_weights[i] = NaN
+        end
    end

-    # normalize to cubic area of the imaginary surface towers
-    norm_denom = normed ? sum((diff(yedges) * diff(xedges)') .* counts) : 1.0
-    if norm_denom == 0
-        norm_denom = 1.0
-    end
+    x := Plots._bin_centers(edge_x)
+    y := Plots._bin_centers(edge_y)
+    z := Surface(float_weights)

-    xedges, yedges, counts ./ norm_denom
-end
-
-centers(v::AVec) = 0.5 * (v[1:end-1] + v[2:end])
-
-@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:histogram2d}}, x, y, z)
-    xedges, yedges, counts = my_hist_2d(x, y, d[:bins],
-                                              normed = d[:normalize],
-                                              weights = d[:weights])
-    x := centers(xedges)
-    y := centers(yedges)
-    z := Surface(counts)
-    linewidth := 0
+    match_dimensions := true
    seriestype := :heatmap
    ()
 end
-@deps histogram2d heatmap
+Plots.@deps bins2d heatmap
+
+
+@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:histogram2d}}, x, y, z)
+    h = _make_hist((x, y), d[:bins], normed = d[:normalize], weights = d[:weights])
+    x := h.edges[1]
+    y := h.edges[2]
+    z := Surface(h.weights)
+    seriestype := :bins2d
+    ()
+end
+@deps histogram2d bins2d
+
+
+@recipe function f{T, E}(h::StatsBase.Histogram{T, 2, E})
+    seriestype --> :bins2d
+    (h.edges[1], h.edges[2], Surface(h.weights))
+end


 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -524,179 +721,6 @@ end

 # note: don't add dependencies because this really isn't a drop-in replacement

-# # TODO: move boxplots and violin plots to StatPlots when it's ready
-
-# # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# # Box Plot
-
-# const _box_halfwidth = 0.4
-
-# notch_width(q2, q4, N) = 1.58 * (q4-q2)/sqrt(N)
-
-
-# @recipe function f(::Type{Val{:boxplot}}, x, y, z; notch=false, range=1.5)
-#     xsegs, ysegs = Segments(), Segments()
-#     glabels = sort(collect(unique(x)))
-#     warning = false
-#     outliers_x, outliers_y = zeros(0), zeros(0)
-#     for (i,glabel) in enumerate(glabels)
-#         # filter y
-#         values = y[filter(i -> cycle(x,i) == glabel, 1:length(y))]
-
-#         # compute quantiles
-#         q1,q2,q3,q4,q5 = quantile(values, linspace(0,1,5))
-        
-#         # notch
-#         n = notch_width(q2, q4, length(values))
-
-#         # warn on inverted notches?
-#         if notch && !warning && ( (q2>(q3-n)) || (q4<(q3+n)) )
-#             warn("Boxplot's notch went outside hinges. Set notch to false.")
-#             warning = true # Show the warning only one time
-#         end
-
-#         # make the shape
-#         center = discrete_value!(d[:subplot][:xaxis], glabel)[1]
-#         hw = d[:bar_width] == nothing ? _box_halfwidth : 0.5cycle(d[:bar_width], i)
-#         l, m, r = center - hw, center, center + hw
-        
-#         # internal nodes for notches
-#         L, R = center - 0.5 * hw, center + 0.5 * hw
-        
-#         # outliers
-#         if Float64(range) != 0.0  # if the range is 0.0, the whiskers will extend to the data
-#             limit = range*(q4-q2)
-#             inside = Float64[]
-#             for value in values
-#                 if (value < (q2 - limit)) || (value > (q4 + limit))
-#                     push!(outliers_y, value)
-#                     push!(outliers_x, center)
-#                 else
-#                     push!(inside, value)
-#                 end
-#             end
-#             # change q1 and q5 to show outliers
-#             # using maximum and minimum values inside the limits
-#             q1, q5 = extrema(inside)
-#         end
-
-#         # Box
-#         if notch
-#             push!(xsegs, m, l, r, m, m)       # lower T
-#             push!(xsegs, l, l, L, R, r, r, l) # lower box
-#             push!(xsegs, l, l, L, R, r, r, l) # upper box
-#             push!(xsegs, m, l, r, m, m)       # upper T
-
-#             push!(ysegs, q1, q1, q1, q1, q2)             # lower T
-#             push!(ysegs, q2, q3-n, q3, q3, q3-n, q2, q2) # lower box
-#             push!(ysegs, q4, q3+n, q3, q3, q3+n, q4, q4) # upper box
-#             push!(ysegs, q5, q5, q5, q5, q4)             # upper T
-#         else
-#             push!(xsegs, m, l, r, m, m)         # lower T
-#             push!(xsegs, l, l, r, r, l)         # lower box
-#             push!(xsegs, l, l, r, r, l)         # upper box
-#             push!(xsegs, m, l, r, m, m)         # upper T
-
-#             push!(ysegs, q1, q1, q1, q1, q2)    # lower T
-#             push!(ysegs, q2, q3, q3, q2, q2)    # lower box
-#             push!(ysegs, q4, q3, q3, q4, q4)    # upper box
-#             push!(ysegs, q5, q5, q5, q5, q4)    # upper T
-#         end
-#     end
-
-#     # Outliers
-#     @series begin
-#         seriestype  := :scatter
-#         markershape := :circle
-#         markercolor := d[:fillcolor]
-#         markeralpha := d[:fillalpha]
-#         markerstrokecolor := d[:linecolor]
-#         markerstrokealpha := d[:linealpha]
-#         x           := outliers_x
-#         y           := outliers_y
-#         primary     := false
-#         ()
-#     end
-
-#     seriestype := :shape
-#     x := xsegs.pts
-#     y := ysegs.pts
-#     ()
-# end
-# @deps boxplot shape scatter
-
-# # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# # Violin Plot
-
-# const _violin_warned = [false]
-
-# # if the user has KernelDensity installed, use this for violin plots.
-# # otherwise, just use a histogram
-# if is_installed("KernelDensity")
-#     @eval import KernelDensity
-#     @eval function violin_coords(y; trim::Bool=false)
-#         kd = KernelDensity.kde(y, npoints = 200)
-#         if trim
-#             xmin, xmax = extrema(y)
-#             inside = Bool[ xmin <= x <= xmax for x in kd.x]
-#             return(kd.density[inside], kd.x[inside])
-#         end
-#         kd.density, kd.x
-#     end
-# else
-#     @eval function violin_coords(y; trim::Bool=false)
-#         if !_violin_warned[1]
-#             warn("Install the KernelDensity package for best results.")
-#             _violin_warned[1] = true
-#         end
-#         edges, widths = my_hist(y, 10)
-#         centers = 0.5 * (edges[1:end-1] + edges[2:end])
-#         ymin, ymax = extrema(y)
-#         vcat(0.0, widths, 0.0), vcat(ymin, centers, ymax)
-#     end
-# end
-
-
-# @recipe function f(::Type{Val{:violin}}, x, y, z; trim=true)
-#     xsegs, ysegs = Segments(), Segments()
-#     glabels = sort(collect(unique(x)))
-#     for glabel in glabels
-#         widths, centers = violin_coords(y[filter(i -> cycle(x,i) == glabel, 1:length(y))], trim=trim)
-#         isempty(widths) && continue
-
-#         # normalize
-#         widths = _box_halfwidth * widths / maximum(widths)
-
-#         # make the violin
-#         xcenter = discrete_value!(d[:subplot][:xaxis], glabel)[1]
-#         xcoords = vcat(widths, -reverse(widths)) + xcenter
-#         ycoords = vcat(centers, reverse(centers))
-
-#         push!(xsegs, xcoords)
-#         push!(ysegs, ycoords)
-#     end
-
-#     seriestype := :shape
-#     x := xsegs.pts
-#     y := ysegs.pts
-#     ()
-# end
-# @deps violin shape
-
-# # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# # density
-
-# @recipe function f(::Type{Val{:density}}, x, y, z; trim=false)
-#     newx, newy = violin_coords(y, trim=trim)
-#     if isvertical(d)
-#         newx, newy = newy, newx
-#     end
-#     x := newx
-#     y := newy
-#     seriestype := :path
-#     ()
-# end
-# @deps density path

 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # contourf - filled contours
@@ -728,8 +752,7 @@ end

 function error_coords(xorig, yorig, ebar)
    # init empty x/y, and zip errors if passed Tuple{Vector,Vector}
-    x, y = zeros(0), zeros(0)
-
+    x, y = Array(float_extended_type(xorig), 0), Array(Float64, 0)
    # for each point, create a line segment from the bottom to the top of the errorbar
    for i = 1:max(length(xorig), length(yorig))
        xi = cycle(xorig, i)
@@ -859,7 +882,7 @@ end

 # function apply_series_recipe(d::KW, ::Type{Val{:quiver}})
@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:quiver}}, x, y, z)
-    if :arrow in supported_args()
+    if :arrow in supported_attrs()
        quiver_using_arrows(d)
    else
        quiver_using_hack(d)
@@ -896,7 +919,7 @@ end

 # get the joined vector
 function get_xy(v::AVec{OHLC}, x = 1:length(v))
-    xdiff = 0.3mean(abs(diff(x)))
+    xdiff = 0.3ignoreNaN_mean(abs(diff(x)))
    x_out, y_out = zeros(0), zeros(0)
    for (i,ohlc) in enumerate(v)
        ox,oy = get_xy(ohlc, x[i], xdiff)
@@ -935,18 +958,131 @@ end
 #       series recipe or moved to PlotRecipes


-"Sparsity plot... heatmap of non-zero values of a matrix"
-function spy{T<:Real}(z::AMat{T}; kw...)
-    mat = map(zi->float(zi!=0), z)'
-    xn, yn = size(mat)
-    heatmap(mat; leg=false, yflip=true, aspect_ratio=:equal,
-        xlim=(0.5, xn+0.5), ylim=(0.5, yn+0.5),
-        kw...)
+# "Sparsity plot... heatmap of non-zero values of a matrix"
+# function spy{T<:Real}(z::AMat{T}; kw...)
+#     mat = map(zi->float(zi!=0), z)'
+#     xn, yn = size(mat)
+#     heatmap(mat; leg=false, yflip=true, aspect_ratio=:equal,
+#         xlim=(0.5, xn+0.5), ylim=(0.5, yn+0.5),
+#         kw...)
+# end
+
+# Only allow matrices through, and make it seriestype :spy so the backend can
+# optionally handle it natively.
+
+@userplot Spy
+
+@recipe function f(g::Spy)
+    @assert length(g.args) == 1 && typeof(g.args[1]) <: AbstractMatrix
+    seriestype := :spy
+    mat = g.args[1]
+    if length(unique(mat[mat .!= 0])) < 2
+        legend --> nothing
+    end
+    n,m = size(mat)
+    Plots.SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(mat)
 end

+@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:spy}}, x,y,z)
+    yflip := true
+    aspect_ratio := 1
+    rs, cs, zs = findnz(z.surf)
+    xlim := ignoreNaN_extrema(cs)
+    ylim := ignoreNaN_extrema(rs)
+    if d[:markershape] == :none
+        markershape := :circle
+    end
+    if d[:markersize] == default(:markersize)
+        markersize := 1
+    end
+    markerstrokewidth := 0
+    marker_z := zs
+    label := ""
+    x := cs
+    y := rs
+    z := nothing
+    seriestype := :scatter
+    grid --> false
+    ()
+end
+
+# -------------------------------------------------
+
 "Adds a+bx... straight line over the current plot"
 function abline!(plt::Plot, a, b; kw...)
-    plot!(plt, [extrema(plt)...], x -> b + a*x; kw...)
+    plot!(plt, [ignoreNaN_extrema(plt)...], x -> b + a*x; kw...)
 end

 abline!(args...; kw...) = abline!(current(), args...; kw...)
+
+
+# -------------------------------------------------
+# Dates
+
+dateformatter(dt) = string(convert(Date, dt))
+datetimeformatter(dt) = string(convert(DateTime, dt))
+
+@recipe f(::Type{Date}, dt::Date) = (dt -> convert(Int, dt), dateformatter)
+@recipe f(::Type{DateTime}, dt::DateTime) = (dt -> convert(Int, dt), datetimeformatter)
+
+# -------------------------------------------------
+# Complex Numbers
+
+@recipe function f{T<:Number}(A::Array{Complex{T}})
+    xguide --> "Re(x)"
+    yguide --> "Im(x)"
+    real.(A), imag.(A)
+end
+
+# Splits a complex matrix to its real and complex parts
+# Reals defaults solid, imaginary defaults dashed
+# Label defaults are changed to match the real-imaginary reference / indexing
+@recipe function f{T<:Real,T2}(x::AbstractArray{T},y::Array{Complex{T2}})
+  ylabel --> "Re(y)"
+  zlabel --> "Im(y)"
+  x,real.(y),imag.(y)
+end
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------
+# Color Gradients
+
+@userplot ShowLibrary
+@recipe function f(cl::ShowLibrary)
+    if !(length(cl.args) == 1 && isa(cl.args[1], Symbol))
+        error("showlibrary takes the name of a color library as a Symbol")
+    end
+
+    library = PlotUtils.color_libraries[cl.args[1]]
+    z = sqrt.((1:15)*(1:20)')
+
+    seriestype := :heatmap
+    ticks := nothing
+    legend := false
+
+    layout --> length(library.lib)
+
+    i = 0
+    for grad in sort(collect(keys(library.lib)))
+        @series begin
+            seriescolor := cgrad(grad, cl.args[1])
+            title := string(grad)
+            subplot := i += 1
+            z
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+@userplot ShowGradient
+@recipe function f(grad::ShowGradient)
+    if !(length(grad.args) == 1 && isa(grad.args[1], Symbol))
+        error("showgradient takes the name of a color gradient as a Symbol")
+    end
+    z = sqrt.((1:15)*(1:20)')
+    seriestype := :heatmap
+    ticks := nothing
+    legend := false
+    seriescolor := grad.args[1]
+    title := string(grad.args[1])
+    z
+end
@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@
 # This should cut down on boilerplate code and allow more focused dispatch on type
 # note: returns meta information... mainly for use with automatic labeling from DataFrames for now

-typealias FuncOrFuncs @compat(Union{Function, AVec{Function}})
+typealias FuncOrFuncs{F} Union{F, Vector{F}, Matrix{F}}

 all3D(d::KW) = trueOrAllTrue(st -> st in (:contour, :contourf, :heatmap, :surface, :wireframe, :contour3d, :image), get(d, :seriestype, :none))

 # missing
-convertToAnyVector(v::@compat(Void), d::KW) = Any[nothing], nothing
+convertToAnyVector(v::Void, d::KW) = Any[nothing], nothing

 # fixed number of blank series
 convertToAnyVector(n::Integer, d::KW) = Any[zeros(0) for i in 1:n], nothing
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ convertToAnyVector(n::Integer, d::KW) = Any[zeros(0) for i in 1:n], nothing
 convertToAnyVector{T<:Number}(v::AVec{T}, d::KW) = Any[v], nothing

 # string vector
-convertToAnyVector{T<:@compat(AbstractString)}(v::AVec{T}, d::KW) = Any[v], nothing
+convertToAnyVector{T<:AbstractString}(v::AVec{T}, d::KW) = Any[v], nothing

 function convertToAnyVector(v::AMat, d::KW)
    if all3D(d)
@@ -36,11 +36,14 @@ convertToAnyVector(f::Function, d::KW) = Any[f], nothing
 # surface
 convertToAnyVector(s::Surface, d::KW) = Any[s], nothing

+# volume
+convertToAnyVector(v::Volume, d::KW) = Any[v], nothing
+
 # # vector of OHLC
 # convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{OHLC}, d::KW) = Any[v], nothing

-# dates
-convertToAnyVector{D<:Union{Date,DateTime}}(dts::AVec{D}, d::KW) = Any[dts], nothing
+# # dates
+# convertToAnyVector{D<:Union{Date,DateTime}}(dts::AVec{D}, d::KW) = Any[dts], nothing

 # list of things (maybe other vectors, functions, or something else)
 function convertToAnyVector(v::AVec, d::KW)
@@ -93,8 +96,8 @@ nobigs(v) = v
 end

 # not allowed
-compute_xyz(x::Void, y::FuncOrFuncs, z)       = error("If you want to plot the function `$y`, you need to define the x values!")
-compute_xyz(x::Void, y::Void, z::FuncOrFuncs) = error("If you want to plot the function `$z`, you need to define x and y values!")
+compute_xyz{F<:Function}(x::Void, y::FuncOrFuncs{F}, z)       = error("If you want to plot the function `$y`, you need to define the x values!")
+compute_xyz{F<:Function}(x::Void, y::Void, z::FuncOrFuncs{F}) = error("If you want to plot the function `$z`, you need to define x and y values!")
 compute_xyz(x::Void, y::Void, z::Void)        = error("x/y/z are all nothing!")

 # --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -107,7 +110,21 @@ immutable SliceIt end

 # the catch-all recipes
@recipe function f(::Type{SliceIt}, x, y, z)
-    # @show "HERE", typeof((x,y,z))
+
+    # handle data with formatting attached
+    if typeof(x) <: Formatted
+        xformatter := x.formatter
+        x = x.data
+    end
+    if typeof(y) <: Formatted
+        yformatter := y.formatter
+        y = y.data
+    end
+    if typeof(z) <: Formatted
+        zformatter := z.formatter
+        z = z.data
+    end
+
    xs, _ = convertToAnyVector(x, d)
    ys, _ = convertToAnyVector(y, d)
    zs, _ = convertToAnyVector(z, d)
@@ -125,21 +142,19 @@ immutable SliceIt end
    mx = length(xs)
    my = length(ys)
    mz = length(zs)
-    # ret = Any[]
-    for i in 1:max(mx, my, mz)
-        # add a new series
-        di = copy(d)
-        xi, yi, zi = xs[mod1(i,mx)], ys[mod1(i,my)], zs[mod1(i,mz)]
-        # @show i, typeof((xi, yi, zi))
-        di[:x], di[:y], di[:z] = compute_xyz(xi, yi, zi)
-        # @show i, typeof((di[:x], di[:y], di[:z]))
+    if mx > 0 && my > 0 && mz > 0
+        for i in 1:max(mx, my, mz)
+            # add a new series
+            di = copy(d)
+            xi, yi, zi = xs[mod1(i,mx)], ys[mod1(i,my)], zs[mod1(i,mz)]
+            di[:x], di[:y], di[:z] = compute_xyz(xi, yi, zi)

-        # handle fillrange
-        fr = fillranges[mod1(i,mf)]
-        di[:fillrange] = isa(fr, Function) ? map(fr, di[:x]) : fr
+            # handle fillrange
+            fr = fillranges[mod1(i,mf)]
+            di[:fillrange] = isa(fr, Function) ? map(fr, di[:x]) : fr

-        # @show i, di[:x], di[:y], di[:z]
-        push!(series_list, RecipeData(di, ()))
+            push!(series_list, RecipeData(di, ()))
+        end
    end
    nothing  # don't add a series for the main block
 end
@@ -152,6 +167,38 @@ end

 _apply_type_recipe(d, v) = RecipesBase.apply_recipe(d, typeof(v), v)[1].args[1]

+# Handle type recipes when the recipe is defined on the elements.
+# This sort of recipe should return a pair of functions... one to convert to number,
+# and one to format tick values.
+function _apply_type_recipe(d, v::AbstractArray)
+    args = RecipesBase.apply_recipe(d, typeof(v[1]), v[1])[1].args
+    if length(args) == 2 && typeof(args[1]) <: Function && typeof(args[2]) <: Function
+        numfunc, formatter = args
+        Formatted(map(numfunc, v), formatter)
+    else
+        v
+    end
+end
+
+# # special handling for Surface... need to properly unwrap and re-wrap
+# function _apply_type_recipe(d, v::Surface)
+#     T = eltype(v.surf)
+#     @show T
+#     if T <: Integer || T <: AbstractFloat
+#         v
+#     else
+#         ret = _apply_type_recipe(d, v.surf)
+#         if typeof(ret) <: Formatted
+#             Formatted(Surface(ret.data), ret.formatter)
+#         else
+#             v
+#         end
+#     end
+# end
+
+# don't do anything for ints or floats
+_apply_type_recipe{T<:Union{Integer,AbstractFloat}}(d, v::AbstractArray{T}) = v
+
 # handle "type recipes" by converting inputs, and then either re-calling or slicing
@recipe function f(x, y, z)
    did_replace = false
@@ -210,23 +257,52 @@ end
 # # 1 argument
 # # --------------------------------------------------------------------

-@recipe f(n::Integer) = n, n, n
+# helper function to ensure relevant attributes are wrapped by Surface
+function wrap_surfaces(d::KW)
+    if haskey(d, :fill_z)
+        v = d[:fill_z]
+        if !isa(v, Surface)
+            d[:fill_z] = Surface(v)
+        end
+    end
+end
+
+@recipe f(n::Integer) = is3d(get(d,:seriestype,:path)) ? (SliceIt, n, n, n) : (SliceIt, n, n, nothing)

 # return a surface if this is a 3d plot, otherwise let it be sliced up
-@recipe function f{T<:Number}(mat::AMat{T})
+@recipe function f{T<:Union{Integer,AbstractFloat}}(mat::AMat{T})
    if all3D(d)
        n,m = size(mat)
+        wrap_surfaces(d)
        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(mat)
    else
        SliceIt, nothing, mat, nothing
    end
 end

+# if a matrix is wrapped by Formatted, do similar logic, but wrap data with Surface
+@recipe function f{T<:AbstractMatrix}(fmt::Formatted{T})
+    if all3D(d)
+        mat = fmt.data
+        n,m = size(mat)
+        wrap_surfaces(d)
+        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Formatted(Surface(mat), fmt.formatter)
+    else
+        SliceIt, nothing, fmt, nothing
+    end
+end
+
+# assume this is a Volume, so construct one
+@recipe function f{T<:Number}(vol::AbstractArray{T,3}, args...)
+    seriestype := :volume
+    SliceIt, nothing, Volume(vol, args...), nothing
+end
+

 # # images - grays

@recipe function f{T<:Gray}(mat::AMat{T})
-    if nativeImagesSupported()
+    if is_seriestype_supported(:image)
        seriestype := :image
        n, m = size(mat)
        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(mat)
@@ -241,9 +317,10 @@ end
 # # images - colors

@recipe function f{T<:Colorant}(mat::AMat{T})
-    if nativeImagesSupported()
+	n, m = size(mat)
+	
+    if is_seriestype_supported(:image)
        seriestype := :image
-        n, m = size(mat)
        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(mat)
    else
        seriestype := :heatmap
@@ -258,29 +335,34 @@ end

@recipe function f(shape::Shape)
    seriestype --> :shape
-    shape_coords(shape)
+    coords(shape)
 end

@recipe function f(shapes::AVec{Shape})
    seriestype --> :shape
-    shape_coords(shapes)
+    coords(shapes)
 end

@recipe function f(shapes::AMat{Shape})
    seriestype --> :shape
    for j in 1:size(shapes,2)
-        @series shape_coords(vec(shapes[:,j]))
+        @series coords(vec(shapes[:,j]))
    end
 end

-#
-#
-# # function without range... use the current range of the x-axis

-# @recipe function f(f::FuncOrFuncs)
-#     plt = d[:plot_object]
-#     f, xmin(plt), xmax(plt)
-# end
+
+# function without range... use the current range of the x-axis
+
+@recipe function f{F<:Function}(f::FuncOrFuncs{F})
+    plt = d[:plot_object]
+    xmin, xmax = try
+        axis_limits(plt[1][:xaxis])
+    catch
+        -5, 5
+    end
+    f, xmin, xmax
+end

 #
 # # --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -291,8 +373,9 @@ end
 # # if functions come first, just swap the order (not to be confused with parametric functions...
 # # as there would be more than one function passed in)

-@recipe function f(f::FuncOrFuncs, x)
-    @assert !(typeof(x) <: FuncOrFuncs)  # otherwise we'd hit infinite recursion here
+@recipe function f{F<:Function}(f::FuncOrFuncs{F}, x)
+    F2 = typeof(x)
+    @assert !(F2 <: Function || (F2 <: AbstractArray && F2.parameters[1] <: Function))  # otherwise we'd hit infinite recursion here
    x, f
 end

@@ -321,6 +404,7 @@ end
    #         seriestype := :path3d
    #     end
    # end
+    wrap_surfaces(d)
    SliceIt, x, y, z
 end

@@ -330,6 +414,7 @@ end
@recipe function f(x::AVec, y::AVec, zf::Function)
    # x = X <: Number ? sort(x) : x
    # y = Y <: Number ? sort(y) : y
+    wrap_surfaces(d)
    SliceIt, x, y, Surface(zf, x, y)  # TODO: replace with SurfaceFunction when supported
 end

@@ -340,6 +425,7 @@ end
    if !like_surface(get(d, :seriestype, :none))
        d[:seriestype] = :contour
    end
+    wrap_surfaces(d)
    SliceIt, x, y, Surface(z)
 end

@@ -351,16 +437,23 @@ end

 #
 # # special handling... xmin/xmax with parametric function(s)
-@recipe f(f::FuncOrFuncs, xmin::Number, xmax::Number) = linspace(xmin, xmax, 100), f
-@recipe f(fx::FuncOrFuncs, fy::FuncOrFuncs, u::AVec)  = mapFuncOrFuncs(fx, u), mapFuncOrFuncs(fy, u)
-@recipe f(fx::FuncOrFuncs, fy::FuncOrFuncs, umin::Number, umax::Number, n = 200) = fx, fy, linspace(umin, umax, n)
+@recipe function f(f::Function, xmin::Number, xmax::Number)
+    xs = adapted_grid(f, (xmin, xmax))
+    xs, f
+end
+@recipe function f{F<:Function}(fs::AbstractArray{F}, xmin::Number, xmax::Number)
+    xs = Any[adapted_grid(f, (xmin, xmax)) for f in fs]
+    xs, fs
+end
+@recipe f{F<:Function,G<:Function}(fx::FuncOrFuncs{F}, fy::FuncOrFuncs{G}, u::AVec)  = mapFuncOrFuncs(fx, u), mapFuncOrFuncs(fy, u)
+@recipe f{F<:Function,G<:Function}(fx::FuncOrFuncs{F}, fy::FuncOrFuncs{G}, umin::Number, umax::Number, n = 200) = fx, fy, linspace(umin, umax, n)

 #
 # # special handling... 3D parametric function(s)
-@recipe function f(fx::FuncOrFuncs, fy::FuncOrFuncs, fz::FuncOrFuncs, u::AVec)
+@recipe function f{F<:Function,G<:Function,H<:Function}(fx::FuncOrFuncs{F}, fy::FuncOrFuncs{G}, fz::FuncOrFuncs{H}, u::AVec)
    mapFuncOrFuncs(fx, u), mapFuncOrFuncs(fy, u), mapFuncOrFuncs(fz, u)
 end
-@recipe function f(fx::FuncOrFuncs, fy::FuncOrFuncs, fz::FuncOrFuncs, umin::Number, umax::Number, numPoints = 200)
+@recipe function f{F<:Function,G<:Function,H<:Function}(fx::FuncOrFuncs{F}, fy::FuncOrFuncs{G}, fz::FuncOrFuncs{H}, umin::Number, umax::Number, numPoints = 200)
    fx, fy, fz, linspace(umin, umax, numPoints)
 end

@@ -426,4 +519,3 @@ end
        end
    end
 end
-
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 function Subplot{T<:AbstractBackend}(::T; parent = RootLayout())
    Subplot{T}(
        parent,
+        Series[],
        (20mm, 5mm, 2mm, 10mm),
        defaultbox,
        defaultbox,
@@ -33,12 +34,12 @@ get_subplot(series::Series) = series.d[:subplot]
 get_subplot_index(plt::Plot, idx::Integer) = Int(idx)
 get_subplot_index(plt::Plot, sp::Subplot) = findfirst(_ -> _ === sp, plt.subplots)

-series_list(sp::Subplot) = filter(series -> series.d[:subplot] === sp, sp.plt.series_list)
+series_list(sp::Subplot) = sp.series_list # filter(series -> series.d[:subplot] === sp, sp.plt.series_list)

 function should_add_to_legend(series::Series)
    series.d[:primary] && series.d[:label] != "" &&
        !(series.d[:seriestype] in (
-            :hexbin,:histogram2d,:hline,:vline,
+            :hexbin,:bins2d,:histogram2d,:hline,:vline,
            :contour,:contourf,:contour3d,:surface,:wireframe,
            :heatmap, :pie, :image
        ))
@@ -1,65 +1,42 @@

-const _invisible = RGBA(0,0,0,0)
+function theme(s::Symbol; kw...)
+    # reset?
+    if s == :none || s == :default
+        PlotUtils.clibrary(:Plots)
+        PlotUtils.default_cgrad(default = :sequential, sequential = :inferno)
+        default(;
+            bg        = :white,
+            bglegend  = :match,
+            bginside  = :match,
+            bgoutside = :match,
+            fg        = :auto,
+            fglegend  = :match,
+            fggrid    = :match,
+            fgaxis    = :match,
+            fgtext    = :match,
+            fgborder  = :match,
+            fgguide   = :match,
+            palette   = :auto
+        )
+        return
+    end

-const _themes = KW(
-    :default => KW(
-        :bg         => :white,
-        :bglegend   => :match,
-        :bginside   => :match,
-        :bgoutside  => :match,
-        :fg         => :auto,
-        :fglegend   => :match,
-        :fggrid     => :match,
-        :fgaxis     => :match,
-        :fgtext     => :match,
-        :fgborder   => :match,
-        :fgguide    => :match,
+    # update the default gradient and other defaults
+    thm = PlotThemes._themes[s]
+    if thm.gradient != nothing
+        PlotUtils.clibrary(:misc)
+        PlotUtils.default_cgrad(default = :sequential, sequential = PlotThemes.gradient_name(s))
+    end
+    default(;
+        bg       = thm.bg_secondary,
+        bginside = thm.bg_primary,
+        fg       = thm.lines,
+        fgtext   = thm.text,
+        fgguide  = thm.text,
+        fglegend = thm.text,
+        palette  = thm.palette,
+        kw...
    )
-)
-
-function add_theme(sym::Symbol, theme::KW)
-    _themes[sym] = theme
 end

-# add a new theme, using an existing theme as the base
-function add_theme(sym::Symbol;
-                   base      = :default,  # start with this theme
-                   bg        = _themes[base][:bg],
-                   bglegend  = _themes[base][:bglegend],
-                   bginside  = _themes[base][:bginside],
-                   bgoutside = _themes[base][:bgoutside],
-                   fg        = _themes[base][:fg],
-                   fglegend  = _themes[base][:fglegend],
-                   fggrid    = _themes[base][:fggrid],
-                   fgaxis    = _themes[base][:fgaxis],
-                   fgtext    = _themes[base][:fgtext],
-                   fgborder  = _themes[base][:fgborder],
-                   fgguide   = _themes[base][:fgguide],
-                   kw...)
-    _themes[sym] = merge(KW(
-        :bg => bg,
-        :bglegend  => bglegend,
-        :bginside  => bginside,
-        :bgoutside => bgoutside,
-        :fg        => fg,
-        :fglegend  => fglegend,
-        :fggrid    => fggrid,
-        :fgaxis    => fgaxis,
-        :fgtext    => fgtext,
-        :fgborder  => fgborder,
-        :fgguide   => fgguide,
-    ), KW(kw))
-end
-
-add_theme(:ggplot2,
-    bglegend = _invisible,
-    bginside = :lightgray,
-    fg       = :white,
-    fglegend = _invisible,
-    fgtext   = :gray,
-    fgguide  = :black
-)
-
-function set_theme(sym::Symbol)
-    default(; _themes[sym]...)
-end
+@deprecate set_theme(s) theme(s)
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 # TODO: I declare lots of types here because of the lacking ability to do forward declarations in current Julia
 # I should move these to the relevant files when something like "extern" is implemented

-typealias AVec AbstractVector
-typealias AMat AbstractMatrix
-typealias KW Dict{Symbol,Any}
+const AVec = AbstractVector
+const AMat = AbstractMatrix
+const KW = Dict{Symbol,Any}

 immutable PlotsDisplay <: Display end

@@ -21,11 +21,21 @@ wrap{T}(obj::T) = InputWrapper{T}(obj)
 Base.isempty(wrapper::InputWrapper) = false


+# -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+type Series
+    d::KW
+end
+
+attr(series::Series, k::Symbol) = series.d[k]
+attr!(series::Series, v, k::Symbol) = (series.d[k] = v)
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------

 # a single subplot
 type Subplot{T<:AbstractBackend} <: AbstractLayout
    parent::AbstractLayout
+    series_list::Vector{Series}  # arguments for each series
    minpad::Tuple # leftpad, toppad, rightpad, bottompad
    bbox::BoundingBox  # the canvas area which is available to this subplot
    plotarea::BoundingBox  # the part where the data goes
@@ -34,11 +44,13 @@ type Subplot{T<:AbstractBackend} <: AbstractLayout
    plt  # the enclosing Plot object (can't give it a type because of no forward declarations)
 end

+Base.show(io::IO, sp::Subplot) = print(io, "Subplot{$(sp[:subplot_index])}")
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------

 # simple wrapper around a KW so we can hold all attributes pertaining to the axis in one place
 type Axis
-    sp::Subplot
+    sps::Vector{Subplot}
    d::KW
 end

@@ -50,18 +62,10 @@ Extrema() = Extrema(Inf, -Inf)

 # -----------------------------------------------------------

-typealias SubplotMap Dict{Any, Subplot}
+const SubplotMap = Dict{Any, Subplot}

 # -----------------------------------------------------------

-type Series
-    d::KW
-end
-
-attr(series::Series, k::Symbol) = series.d[k]
-attr!(series::Series, v, k::Symbol) = (series.d[k] = v)
-
-# -----------------------------------------------------------

 type Plot{T<:AbstractBackend} <: AbstractPlot{T}
    backend::T                   # the backend type
@@ -86,10 +90,18 @@ end
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------

 Base.getindex(plt::Plot, i::Integer) = plt.subplots[i]
+Base.length(plt::Plot) = length(plt.subplots)
+Base.endof(plt::Plot) = length(plt)
+
 Base.getindex(plt::Plot, r::Integer, c::Integer) = plt.layout[r,c]
+Base.size(plt::Plot) = size(plt.layout)
+Base.size(plt::Plot, i::Integer) = size(plt.layout)[i]
+Base.ndims(plt::Plot) = 2
+
 # attr(plt::Plot, k::Symbol) = plt.attr[k]
 # attr!(plt::Plot, v, k::Symbol) = (plt.attr[k] = v)

 Base.getindex(sp::Subplot, i::Integer) = series_list(sp)[i]
+Base.endof(sp::Subplot) = length(series_list(sp))

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ calcMidpoints(edges::AbstractVector) = Float64[0.5 * (edges[i] + edges[i+1]) for

 "Make histogram-like bins of data"
 function binData(data, nbins)
-  lo, hi = extrema(data)
+  lo, hi = ignoreNaN_extrema(data)
  edges = collect(linspace(lo, hi, nbins+1))
  midpoints = calcMidpoints(edges)
  buckets = Int[max(2, min(searchsortedfirst(edges, x), length(edges)))-1 for x in data]
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ function regressionXY(x, y)
  β, α = convert(Matrix{Float64}, [x ones(length(x))]) \ convert(Vector{Float64}, y)

  # make a line segment
-  regx = [minimum(x), maximum(x)]
+  regx = [ignoreNaN_minimum(x), ignoreNaN_maximum(x)]
  regy = β * regx + α
  regx, regy
 end
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ function replace_image_with_heatmap{T<:Colorant}(z::Array{T})
 end

 function imageHack(d::KW)
-    :heatmap in supported_types() || error("Neither :image or :heatmap are supported!")
+    is_seriestype_supported(:heatmap) || error("Neither :image or :heatmap are supported!")
    d[:seriestype] = :heatmap
    d[:z], d[:fillcolor] = replace_image_with_heatmap(d[:z].surf)
 end
@@ -228,34 +228,44 @@ function Base.next(itr::SegmentsIterator, nextidx::Int)
    istart:iend, i
 end

+# Find minimal type that can contain NaN and x
+# To allow use of NaN separated segments with categorical x axis
+
+float_extended_type{T}(x::AbstractArray{T}) = Union{T,Float64}
+float_extended_type{T<:Real}(x::AbstractArray{T}) = Float64
+
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


 nop() = nothing
 notimpl() = error("This has not been implemented yet")

-Base.cycle(wrapper::InputWrapper, idx::Int) = wrapper.obj
-Base.cycle(wrapper::InputWrapper, idx::AVec{Int}) = wrapper.obj
+isnothing(x::Void) = true
+isnothing(x) = false

-Base.cycle(v::AVec, idx::Int) = v[mod1(idx, length(v))]
-Base.cycle(v::AMat, idx::Int) = size(v,1) == 1 ? v[1, mod1(idx, size(v,2))] : v[:, mod1(idx, size(v,2))]
-Base.cycle(v, idx::Int)       = v
+cycle(wrapper::InputWrapper, idx::Int) = wrapper.obj
+cycle(wrapper::InputWrapper, idx::AVec{Int}) = wrapper.obj

-Base.cycle(v::AVec, indices::AVec{Int}) = map(i -> cycle(v,i), indices)
-Base.cycle(v::AMat, indices::AVec{Int}) = map(i -> cycle(v,i), indices)
-Base.cycle(v, idx::AVec{Int})       = v
+cycle(v::AVec, idx::Int) = v[mod1(idx, length(v))]
+cycle(v::AMat, idx::Int) = size(v,1) == 1 ? v[1, mod1(idx, size(v,2))] : v[:, mod1(idx, size(v,2))]
+cycle(v, idx::Int)       = v

-Base.cycle(grad::ColorGradient, idx::Int) = cycle(grad.colors, idx)
+cycle(v::AVec, indices::AVec{Int}) = map(i -> cycle(v,i), indices)
+cycle(v::AMat, indices::AVec{Int}) = map(i -> cycle(v,i), indices)
+cycle(v, indices::AVec{Int})       = fill(v, length(indices))
+
+cycle(grad::ColorGradient, idx::Int) = cycle(grad.colors, idx)
+cycle(grad::ColorGradient, indices::AVec{Int}) = cycle(grad.colors, indices)

 makevec(v::AVec) = v
 makevec{T}(v::T) = T[v]

 "duplicate a single value, or pass the 2-tuple through"
 maketuple(x::Real)                     = (x,x)
-maketuple{T,S}(x::@compat(Tuple{T,S})) = x
+maketuple{T,S}(x::Tuple{T,S}) = x

 mapFuncOrFuncs(f::Function, u::AVec)        = map(f, u)
-mapFuncOrFuncs(fs::AVec{Function}, u::AVec) = [map(f, u) for f in fs]
+mapFuncOrFuncs{F<:Function}(fs::AVec{F}, u::AVec) = [map(f, u) for f in fs]

 unzip{X,Y}(xy::AVec{Tuple{X,Y}})              = [t[1] for t in xy], [t[2] for t in xy]
 unzip{X,Y,Z}(xyz::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,Z}})         = [t[1] for t in xyz], [t[2] for t in xyz], [t[3] for t in xyz]
@@ -273,9 +283,9 @@ unzip{T}(xyuv::FixedSizeArrays.Vec{4,T})       = T[xyuv[1]], T[xyuv[2]], T[xyuv[
 # given 2-element lims and a vector of data x, widen lims to account for the extrema of x
 function _expand_limits(lims, x)
  try
-    e1, e2 = extrema(x)
-    lims[1] = min(lims[1], e1)
-    lims[2] = max(lims[2], e2)
+    e1, e2 = ignoreNaN_extrema(x)
+    lims[1] = NaNMath.min(lims[1], e1)
+    lims[2] = NaNMath.max(lims[2], e2)
  # catch err
  #   warn(err)
  end
@@ -324,23 +334,23 @@ sortedkeys(d::Dict) = sort(collect(keys(d)))

 "create an (n+1) list of the outsides of heatmap rectangles"
 function heatmap_edges(v::AVec)
-  vmin, vmax = extrema(v)
+  vmin, vmax = ignoreNaN_extrema(v)
  extra = 0.5 * (vmax-vmin) / (length(v)-1)
  vcat(vmin-extra, 0.5 * (v[1:end-1] + v[2:end]), vmax+extra)
 end


 function calc_r_extrema(x, y)
-    xmin, xmax = extrema(x)
-    ymin, ymax = extrema(y)
-    r = 0.5 * min(xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin)
-    extrema(r)
+    xmin, xmax = ignoreNaN_extrema(x)
+    ymin, ymax = ignoreNaN_extrema(y)
+    r = 0.5 * NaNMath.min(xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin)
+    ignoreNaN_extrema(r)
 end

 function convert_to_polar(x, y, r_extrema = calc_r_extrema(x, y))
    rmin, rmax = r_extrema
    phi, r = x, y
-    r = 0.5 * (r - rmin) / (rmax - rmin)
+    r = (r - rmin) / (rmax - rmin)
    n = max(length(phi), length(r))
    x = zeros(n)
    y = zeros(n)
@@ -386,13 +396,12 @@ isvertical(d::KW) = get(d, :orientation, :vertical) in (:vertical, :v, :vert)
 isvertical(series::Series) = isvertical(series.d)


-# ticksType{T<:Real,S<:Real}(ticks::@compat(Tuple{T,S})) = :limits
 ticksType{T<:Real}(ticks::AVec{T})                      = :ticks
 ticksType{T<:AbstractString}(ticks::AVec{T})            = :labels
-ticksType{T<:AVec,S<:AVec}(ticks::@compat(Tuple{T,S}))  = :ticks_and_labels
+ticksType{T<:AVec,S<:AVec}(ticks::Tuple{T,S})  = :ticks_and_labels
 ticksType(ticks)                                        = :invalid

-limsType{T<:Real,S<:Real}(lims::@compat(Tuple{T,S}))    = :limits
+limsType{T<:Real,S<:Real}(lims::Tuple{T,S})    = :limits
 limsType(lims::Symbol)                                  = lims == :auto ? :auto : :invalid
 limsType(lims)                                          = :invalid

@@ -445,7 +454,8 @@ end
 # for example: PyPlot sends rows to y, so transpose_on_match should be true
 function transpose_z(d, z, transpose_on_match::Bool = true)
    if d[:match_dimensions] == transpose_on_match
-        z'
+        # z'
+        permutedims(z, [2,1])
    else
        z
    end
@@ -459,7 +469,7 @@ ok(tup::Tuple) = ok(tup...)
 # compute one side of a fill range from a ribbon
 function make_fillrange_side(y, rib)
    frs = zeros(length(y))
-    for (i, (yi, ri)) in enumerate(zip(y, cycle(rib)))
+    for (i, (yi, ri)) in enumerate(zip(y, Base.cycle(rib)))
        frs[i] = yi + ri
    end
    frs
@@ -474,9 +484,24 @@ function make_fillrange_from_ribbon(kw::KW)
    kw[:fillrange] = make_fillrange_side(y, rib1), make_fillrange_side(y, rib2)
 end

+function get_sp_lims(sp::Subplot, letter::Symbol)
+    axis_limits(sp[Symbol(letter, :axis)])
+end
+xlims(sp::Subplot) = get_sp_lims(sp, :x)
+ylims(sp::Subplot) = get_sp_lims(sp, :y)
+zlims(sp::Subplot) = get_sp_lims(sp, :z)
+xlims(plt::Plot, sp_idx::Int = 1) = xlims(plt[sp_idx])
+ylims(plt::Plot, sp_idx::Int = 1) = ylims(plt[sp_idx])
+zlims(plt::Plot, sp_idx::Int = 1) = zlims(plt[sp_idx])
+xlims(sp_idx::Int = 1) = xlims(current(), sp_idx)
+ylims(sp_idx::Int = 1) = ylims(current(), sp_idx)
+zlims(sp_idx::Int = 1) = zlims(current(), sp_idx)
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------

-wraptuple(x::@compat(Tuple)) = x
+makekw(; kw...) = KW(kw)
+
+wraptuple(x::Tuple) = x
 wraptuple(x) = (x,)

 trueOrAllTrue(f::Function, x::AbstractArray) = all(f, x)
@@ -484,7 +509,7 @@ trueOrAllTrue(f::Function, x) = f(x)

 allLineTypes(arg)   = trueOrAllTrue(a -> get(_typeAliases, a, a) in _allTypes, arg)
 allStyles(arg)      = trueOrAllTrue(a -> get(_styleAliases, a, a) in _allStyles, arg)
-allShapes(arg)      = trueOrAllTrue(a -> get(_markerAliases, a, a) in _allMarkers, arg) ||
+allShapes(arg)      = trueOrAllTrue(a -> is_marker_supported(get(_markerAliases, a, a)), arg) ||
                        trueOrAllTrue(a -> isa(a, Shape), arg)
 allAlphas(arg)      = trueOrAllTrue(a -> (typeof(a) <: Real && a > 0 && a < 1) ||
                        (typeof(a) <: AbstractFloat && (a == zero(typeof(a)) || a == one(typeof(a)))), arg)
@@ -620,7 +645,7 @@ end
 # used in updating an existing series

 extendSeriesByOne(v::UnitRange{Int}, n::Int = 1) = isempty(v) ? (1:n) : (minimum(v):maximum(v)+n)
-extendSeriesByOne(v::AVec, n::Integer = 1)       = isempty(v) ? (1:n) : vcat(v, (1:n) + maximum(v))
+extendSeriesByOne(v::AVec, n::Integer = 1)       = isempty(v) ? (1:n) : vcat(v, (1:n) + ignoreNaN_maximum(v))
 extendSeriesData{T}(v::Range{T}, z::Real)        = extendSeriesData(float(collect(v)), z)
 extendSeriesData{T}(v::Range{T}, z::AVec)        = extendSeriesData(float(collect(v)), z)
 extendSeriesData{T}(v::AVec{T}, z::Real)         = (push!(v, convert(T, z)); v)
@@ -646,26 +671,86 @@ function setxy!{X,Y}(plt::Plot, xy::Tuple{X,Y}, i::Integer)
    series = plt.series_list[i]
    series.d[:x], series.d[:y] = xy
    sp = series.d[:subplot]
-    expand_extrema!(sp.attr[:xaxis], xy[1])
-    expand_extrema!(sp.attr[:yaxis], xy[2])
+    reset_extrema!(sp)
    _series_updated(plt, series)
 end
 function setxyz!{X,Y,Z}(plt::Plot, xyz::Tuple{X,Y,Z}, i::Integer)
    series = plt.series_list[i]
    series.d[:x], series.d[:y], series.d[:z] = xyz
    sp = series.d[:subplot]
-    expand_extrema!(sp.attr[:xaxis], xyz[1])
-    expand_extrema!(sp.attr[:yaxis], xyz[2])
-    expand_extrema!(sp.attr[:zaxis], xyz[3])
+    reset_extrema!(sp)
    _series_updated(plt, series)
 end

+function setxyz!{X,Y,Z<:AbstractMatrix}(plt::Plot, xyz::Tuple{X,Y,Z}, i::Integer)
+    setxyz!(plt, (xyz[1], xyz[2], Surface(xyz[3])), i)
+end
+
+
 # -------------------------------------------------------
 # indexing notation

 # Base.getindex(plt::Plot, i::Integer) = getxy(plt, i)
-Base.setindex!{X,Y}(plt::Plot, xy::Tuple{X,Y}, i::Integer) = setxy!(plt, xy, i)
-Base.setindex!{X,Y,Z}(plt::Plot, xyz::Tuple{X,Y,Z}, i::Integer) = setxyz!(plt, xyz, i)
+Base.setindex!{X,Y}(plt::Plot, xy::Tuple{X,Y}, i::Integer) = (setxy!(plt, xy, i); plt)
+Base.setindex!{X,Y,Z}(plt::Plot, xyz::Tuple{X,Y,Z}, i::Integer) = (setxyz!(plt, xyz, i); plt)
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------
+
+# operate on individual series
+
+function push_x!(series::Series, xi)
+    push!(series[:x], xi)
+    expand_extrema!(series[:subplot][:xaxis], xi)
+    return
+end
+function push_y!(series::Series, yi)
+    push!(series[:y], yi)
+    expand_extrema!(series[:subplot][:yaxis], yi)
+    return
+end
+function push_z!(series::Series, zi)
+    push!(series[:z], zi)
+    expand_extrema!(series[:subplot][:zaxis], zi)
+    return
+end
+
+function Base.push!(series::Series, yi)
+    x = extendSeriesByOne(series[:x])
+    expand_extrema!(series[:subplot][:xaxis], x[end])
+    series[:x] = x
+    push_y!(series, yi)
+end
+Base.push!(series::Series, xi, yi) = (push_x!(series,xi); push_y!(series,yi))
+Base.push!(series::Series, xi, yi, zi) = (push_x!(series,xi); push_y!(series,yi); push_z!(series,zi))
+
+# -------------------------------------------------------
+
+function attr!(series::Series; kw...)
+    d = KW(kw)
+    preprocessArgs!(d)
+    for (k,v) in d
+        if haskey(_series_defaults, k)
+            series[k] = v
+        else
+            warn("unused key $k in series attr")
+        end
+    end
+    _series_updated(series[:subplot].plt, series)
+    series
+end
+
+function attr!(sp::Subplot; kw...)
+    d = KW(kw)
+    preprocessArgs!(d)
+    for (k,v) in d
+        if haskey(_subplot_defaults, k)
+            sp[k] = v
+        else
+            warn("unused key $k in subplot attr")
+        end
+    end
+    sp
+end

 # -------------------------------------------------------
 # push/append for one series
@@ -786,9 +871,9 @@ mm2px(mm::Real)         = float(px / MM_PER_PX)


 "Smallest x in plot"
-xmin(plt::Plot) = minimum([minimum(series.d[:x]) for series in plt.series_list])
+xmin(plt::Plot) = ignoreNaN_minimum([ignoreNaN_minimum(series.d[:x]) for series in plt.series_list])
 "Largest x in plot"
-xmax(plt::Plot) = maximum([maximum(series.d[:x]) for series in plt.series_list])
+xmax(plt::Plot) = ignoreNaN_maximum([ignoreNaN_maximum(series.d[:x]) for series in plt.series_list])

 "Extrema of x-values in plot"
-Base.extrema(plt::Plot) = (xmin(plt), xmax(plt))
+ignoreNaN_extrema(plt::Plot) = (xmin(plt), xmax(plt))
@@ -1,17 +1,9 @@
-julia 0.4
-
-RecipesBase
-PlotUtils
 StatPlots
-Reexport
-Measures
-Showoff
 FactCheck
 Images
 ImageMagick
@osx QuartzImageIO
 GR
-DataFrames
 RDatasets
 VisualRegressionTests
 UnicodePlots
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ try
 end


-using Plots
+# using Plots # reexported by StatPlots
 using StatPlots
 using FactCheck
 using Glob
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ default(size=(500,300))
 # TODO: use julia's Condition type and the wait() and notify() functions to initialize a Window, then wait() on a condition that
 #       is referenced in a button press callback (the button clicked callback will call notify() on that condition)

-const _current_plots_version = v"0.8.1"
+const _current_plots_version = v"0.11.3"


 function image_comparison_tests(pkg::Symbol, idx::Int; debug = false, popup = isinteractive(), sigma = [1,1], eps = 1e-2)
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ function image_comparison_tests(pkg::Symbol, idx::Int; debug = false, popup = is
    # firgure out version info
    G = glob(joinpath(relpath(refdir), "*"))
    # @show refdir fn G
-    slash = (@windows ? "\\" : "/")
+    slash = (@static is_windows() ? "\\" : "/")
    versions = map(fn -> VersionNumber(split(fn, slash)[end]), G)
    versions = reverse(sort(versions))
    versions = filter(v -> v <= _current_plots_version, versions)
@@ -78,12 +78,12 @@ function image_comparison_tests(pkg::Symbol, idx::Int; debug = false, popup = is
        png(fn)
    end

-    try
-        run(`mkdir -p $newdir`)
-    catch err
-        display(err)
-    end
-    # reffn = joinpath(refdir, "ref$idx.png")
+    # try
+    #     run(`mkdir -p $newdir`)
+    # catch err
+    #     display(err)
+    # end
+    # # reffn = joinpath(refdir, "ref$idx.png")

    # the test
    vtest = VisualTest(func, reffn, idx)
@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@ set -ex
 sudo apt-get -qq update
 # sudo apt-get install -y wkhtmltopdf

-sudo apt-get install -y xfonts-75dpi
-wget http://download.gna.org/wkhtmltopdf/0.12/0.12.2/wkhtmltox-0.12.2_linux-trusty-amd64.deb
-sudo dpkg -i wkhtmltox-0.12.2_linux-trusty-amd64.deb
+sudo apt-get install -y xfonts-75dpi xfonts-base
+wget https://downloads.wkhtmltopdf.org/0.12/0.12.2/wkhtmltox-0.12.2_linux-precise-amd64.deb
+sudo dpkg -i wkhtmltox-0.12.2_linux-precise-amd64.deb
+# wget http://download.gna.org/wkhtmltopdf/0.12/0.12.2/wkhtmltox-0.12.2_linux-trusty-amd64.deb
+# sudo dpkg -i wkhtmltox-0.12.2_linux-trusty-amd64.deb
 wkhtmltoimage http://www.google.com test.png
 ls

@@ -19,29 +19,74 @@ img_eps = isinteractive() ? 1e-2 : 10e-2
 #     image_comparison_facts(:gadfly, skip=[4,6,23,24,27], eps=img_eps)
 # end

-facts("PyPlot") do
-    @fact pyplot() --> Plots.PyPlotBackend()
-    @fact backend() --> Plots.PyPlotBackend()
-
-    image_comparison_facts(:pyplot, skip=[], eps=img_eps)
-end

 facts("GR") do
    @fact gr() --> Plots.GRBackend()
    @fact backend() --> Plots.GRBackend()

-    # @linux_only image_comparison_facts(:gr, skip=[], eps=img_eps)
+    image_comparison_facts(:gr, eps=img_eps)
 end

-facts("Plotly") do
-    @fact plotly() --> Plots.PlotlyBackend()
-    @fact backend() --> Plots.PlotlyBackend()

-    # # until png generation is reliable on OSX, just test on linux
-    # @linux_only image_comparison_facts(:plotly, only=[1,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,20,22,23,27], eps=img_eps)
+facts("PyPlot") do
+    @fact pyplot() --> Plots.PyPlotBackend()
+    @fact backend() --> Plots.PyPlotBackend()
+
+    image_comparison_facts(:pyplot, eps=img_eps)
 end


+# The plotlyjs testimages return a connection error on travis:
+# connect: connection refused (ECONNREFUSED)
+
+# facts("PlotlyJS") do
+#     @fact plotlyjs() --> Plots.PlotlyJSBackend()
+#     @fact backend() --> Plots.PlotlyJSBackend()
+#
+#     if is_linux() && isinteractive()
+#         image_comparison_facts(:plotlyjs,
+#             skip=[
+#                 2,  # animation (skipped for speed)
+#                 27, # (polar plots) takes very long / not working
+#                 31, # animation (skipped for speed)
+#             ],
+#             eps=img_eps)
+#     end
+# end
+
+
+# InspectDR returns that error on travis:
+# ERROR: LoadError: InitError: Cannot open display:
+#  in Gtk.GLib.GError(::Gtk.##229#230) at /home/travis/.julia/v0.5/Gtk/src/GLib/gerror.jl:17
+
+# facts("InspectDR") do
+#     @fact inspectdr() --> Plots.InspectDRBackend()
+#     @fact backend() --> Plots.InspectDRBackend()
+#
+#     image_comparison_facts(:inspectdr,
+#         skip=[
+#             2,  # animation
+#             6,  # heatmap not defined
+#             10, # heatmap not defined
+#             22, # contour not defined
+#             23, # pie not defined
+#             27, # polar plot not working
+#             28, # heatmap not defined
+#             31, # animation
+#         ],
+#         eps=img_eps)
+# end
+
+
+# facts("Plotly") do
+#     @fact plotly() --> Plots.PlotlyBackend()
+#     @fact backend() --> Plots.PlotlyBackend()
+#
+#     # # until png generation is reliable on OSX, just test on linux
+#     # @static is_linux() && image_comparison_facts(:plotly, only=[1,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,20,22,23,27], eps=img_eps)
+# end
+
+
 # facts("Immerse") do
 #     @fact immerse() --> Plots.ImmerseBackend()
 #     @fact backend() --> Plots.ImmerseBackend()
@@ -65,7 +110,7 @@ facts("UnicodePlots") do
    @fact backend() --> Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend()

    # lets just make sure it runs without error
-    @fact isa(plot(rand(10)), Plot) --> true
+    @fact isa(plot(rand(10)), Plots.Plot) --> true
 end


@@ -73,18 +118,56 @@ end
 facts("Axes") do
    p = plot()
    axis = p.subplots[1][:xaxis]
-    @fact typeof(axis) --> Axis
+    @fact typeof(axis) --> Plots.Axis
    @fact Plots.discrete_value!(axis, "HI") --> (0.5, 1)
    @fact Plots.discrete_value!(axis, :yo) --> (1.5, 2)
-    @fact extrema(axis) --> (0.5,1.5)
+    @fact Plots.ignoreNaN_extrema(axis) --> (0.5,1.5)
    @fact axis[:discrete_map] --> Dict{Any,Any}(:yo  => 2, "HI" => 1)

    Plots.discrete_value!(axis, ["x$i" for i=1:5])
    Plots.discrete_value!(axis, ["x$i" for i=0:2])
-    @fact extrema(axis) --> (0.5, 7.5)
+    @fact Plots.ignoreNaN_extrema(axis) --> (0.5, 7.5)
 end


+# tests for preprocessing recipes
+
+# facts("recipes") do
+
+    # user recipe
+
+    # type T end
+    # @recipe function f(::T)
+    #     line := (3,0.3,:red)
+    #     marker := (20,0.5,:blue,:o)
+    #     bg := :yellow
+    #     rand(10)
+    # end
+    # plot(T())
+
+    # plot recipe
+
+    # @recipe function f(::Type{Val{:hiplt}},plt::Plot)
+    #     line := (3,0.3,:red)
+    #     marker := (20,0.5,:blue,:o)
+    #     t := :path
+    #     bg:=:green
+    #     ()
+    # end
+    # plot(rand(10),t=:hiplt)
+
+    # series recipe
+
+    # @recipe function f(::Type{Val{:hi}},x,y,z)
+    #     line := (3,0.3,:red)
+    #     marker := (20,0.5,:blue,:o)
+    #     t := :path
+    #     ()
+    # end
+    # plot(rand(10),t=:hiplt)
+
+# end
+


 FactCheck.exitstatus()
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import SnoopCompile
 # This only needs to be run once (to generate "/tmp/plots_compiles.csv")

 # SnoopCompile.@snoop "/tmp/plots_compiles.csv" begin
-#     include(Pkg.dir("Plots", "test","runtests.jl"))
+#     include(joinpath(dirname(@__FILE__), "runtests.jl"))
 # end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------
@@ -32,5 +32,5 @@ blacklist = ["MIME"]
 pc, discards = SnoopCompile.parcel(data[end:-1:1,2], subst=subst, blacklist=blacklist)
 SnoopCompile.write("/tmp/precompile", pc)

-pdir = Pkg.dir("Plots")
+pdir = joinpath(dirname(@__FILE__), "..")
 run(`cp /tmp/precompile/precompile_Plots.jl $pdir/src/precompile.jl`)
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# Pkg.clone("ImageMagick")
-# Pkg.build("ImageMagick")
+Pkg.clone("ImageMagick")
+Pkg.build("ImageMagick")

-# Pkg.clone("GR")
-# Pkg.build("GR")
+Pkg.clone("GR")
+Pkg.build("GR")

 Pkg.clone("https://github.com/JuliaPlots/PlotReferenceImages.jl.git")

@@ -11,11 +11,12 @@ Pkg.clone("https://github.com/JuliaPlots/PlotReferenceImages.jl.git")
 Pkg.clone("StatPlots")
 Pkg.checkout("PlotUtils")

-# Pkg.clone("https://github.com/JunoLab/Blink.jl.git")
+# Pkg.clone("Blink")
 # Pkg.build("Blink")
 # import Blink
 # Blink.AtomShell.install()
-# Pkg.clone("https://github.com/spencerlyon2/PlotlyJS.jl.git")
+# Pkg.add("Rsvg")
+# Pkg.add("PlotlyJS")

 # Pkg.checkout("RecipesBase")
 # Pkg.clone("VisualRegressionTests")
@@ -25,4 +26,6 @@ ENV["PYTHON"] = ""
 Pkg.add("PyPlot")
 Pkg.build("PyPlot")

+# Pkg.add("InspectDR")
+
 Pkg.test("Plots"; coverage=false)