238 lines
9.5 KiB
Markdown
238 lines
9.5 KiB
Markdown
# Plots
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[](https://travis-ci.org/tbreloff/Plots.jl)
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#### Author: Thomas Breloff (@tbreloff)
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Plotting interface and wrapper for several plotting packages.
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Please add wishlist items, bugs, or any other comments/questions to the issues list.
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## Examples for each implemented backend:
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- [Qwt.jl](docs/qwt_examples.md)
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- [Gadfly.jl](docs/gadfly_examples.md)
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- [UnicodePlots.jl](docs/unicodeplots_examples.md)
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## Installation
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First, clone the package, and get any plotting packages you need (obviously, you should get at least one backend):
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```julia
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Pkg.clone("https://github.com/tbreloff/Plots.jl.git")
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Pkg.add("Gadfly") # [optional]
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Pkg.clone("https://github.com/tbreloff/Qwt.jl.git") # [optional] requires pyqt and pyqwt
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Pkg.add("UnicodePlots") # [optional]
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```
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## Use
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Load it in. The underlying plotting backends are not imported until `plotter()` is called (which happens
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on your first call to `plot`). This means that you don't need any backends to be installed when you call `using Plots`.
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For now, the default backend is Gadfly.
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```julia
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using Plots
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```
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Do a plot in Gadfly, then save a png:
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```julia
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plot(rand(10,2); marker = :rect) # this will bring up a browser window with the plot, set show=false if you don't want that
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savepng(Plots.IMG_DIR * "gadfly1.png")
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```
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which saves:
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Do a plot in Qwt, then save a png:
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```julia
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qwt!() # switches the backend to Qwt... equivalent to `plotter!(:qwt)`
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plot(rand(10,2); marker = :rect) # pops up an interactive window with the plot... set show=false to keep it hidden
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savepng(Plots.IMG_DIR * "qwt1.png")
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```
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which saves:
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See the examples pages for much more in every supported backend.
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## API
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Call `plotter!(backend::Symbol)` or the shorthands (`gadfly!()`, `qwt!()`, `unicodeplots!()`, etc) to set the current plotting backend.
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Subsequent commands are converted into the relevant plotting commands for that package:
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```julia
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gadfly!() # equivalent to `plotter!(:gadfly)`
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plot(1:10) # this effectively calls `y = 1:10; Gadfly.plot(x=1:length(y), y=y)`
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qwt!()
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plot(1:10) # this effectively calls `Qwt.plot(1:10)`
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```
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Use `plot` to create a new plot object, and `plot!` to add to an existing one:
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```julia
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plot(args...; kw...) # creates a new plot window, and sets it to be the `currentPlot`
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plot!(args...; kw...) # adds to the `currentPlot`
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plot!(plotobj, args...; kw...) # adds to the plot `plotobj`
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```
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Now that you know which plot object you're updating (new, current, or other), I'll leave it off for simplicity.
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Here are some various args to supply, and the implicit mapping (AVec == AbstractVector and AMat == AbstractMatrix):
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```julia
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plot(y::AVec; kw...) # one line... x = 1:length(y)
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plot(x::AVec, y::AVec; kw...) # one line (will assert length(x) == length(y))
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plot(y::AMat; kw...) # multiple lines (one per column of x), all sharing x = 1:size(y,1)
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plot(x::AVec, y::AMat; kw...) # multiple lines (one per column of x), all sharing x (will assert length(x) == size(y,1))
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plot(x::AMat, y::AMat; kw...) # multiple lines (one per column of x/y... will assert size(x) == size(y))
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plot(f::Function, xmin::Real, xmax::Real; kw...) # one line, map function for range [xmin,xmax]
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plot(f::AVec{Function}, xmin::Real, xmax::Real; kw...) # multiple lines, map functions for range [xmin,xmax]
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plot(fx::Function, fy::Function, umin::Real, umax::Real; kw...) # parametric plot... x = fx(u), y = fy(u)
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plot(x::AVec, f::Function; kw...) # one line, y = f(x)... can swap x and f
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plot(x::AMat, f::Function; kw...) # multiple lines, yᵢⱼ = f(xᵢⱼ)... can swap f and x
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plot(x::AVec, fs::AVec{Function}; kw...) # multiple lines, yᵢⱼ = fⱼ(xᵢ)
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plot(y::AVec{AVec}; kw...) # multiple lines, each with x = 1:length(y[i])
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plot(x::AVec, y::AVec{AVec}; kw...) # multiple lines, will assert length(x) == length(y[i])
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plot(x::AVec{AVec}, y::AVec{AVec}; kw...) # multiple lines, will assert length(x[i]) == length(y[i])
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plot(n::Integer; kw...) # n lines, all empty (for updating plots)
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# TODO: how do we handle NA values in dataframes?
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plot(df::DataFrame; kw...) # one line per DataFrame column, labels == names(df)
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plot(df::DataFrame, columns; kw...) # one line per column, but on a subset of column names
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```
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[TODO] You can swap out `plot` for `subplot`. Each line will go into a separate plot. Use the layout keyword:
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```julia
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y = rand(100,3)
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subplot(y; n = 3) # create an automatic grid, and let it figure out the nr/nc... will put plots 1 and 2 on the first row, and plot 3 by itself on the 2nd row
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subplot(y; n = 3, nr = 1) # create an automatic grid, but fix the number of rows to 1 (so there are n columns)
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subplot(y; n = 3, nc = 1) # create an automatic grid, but fix the number of columns to 1 (so there are n rows)
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subplot(y; layout = [1, 2]) # explicit layout by row... plot #1 goes by itself in the first row, plots 2 and 3 split the 2nd row (note the n kw is unnecessary)
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```
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__Tip__: You can call `subplot!(args...; kw...)` to add to an existing subplot.
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__Tip__: Calling `subplot!` on a `Plot` object, or `plot!` on a `Subplot` object will throw an error.
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Shorthands:
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```julia
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scatter(args...; kw...) = plot(args...; kw..., linetype = :none, marker = :hexagon)
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scatter!(args...; kw...) = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :none, marker = :hexagon)
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bar(args...; kw...) = plot(args...; kw..., linetype = :bar)
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bar!(args...; kw...) = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :bar)
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histogram(args...; kw...) = plot(args...; kw..., linetype = :hist)
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histogram!(args...; kw...) = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :hist)
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heatmap(args...; kw...) = plot(args...; kw..., linetype = :heatmap)
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heatmap!(args...; kw...) = plot!(args...; kw..., linetype = :heatmap)
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```
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Some keyword arguments you can set:
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```
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axis # :left or :right
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color # can be a string ("red") or a symbol (:red) or a ColorsTypes.jl Colorant (RGB(1,0,0)) or :auto (which lets the package pick)
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label # string or symbol, applies to that line, may go in a legend
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width # width of a line
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linetype # :line, :step, :stepinverted, :sticks, :dots, :none, :heatmap, :hexbin, :hist, :bar
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linestyle # :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot
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marker # :none, :ellipse, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star1, :star2, :hexagon
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markercolor # same choices as `color`, or :match will set the color to be the same as `color`
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markersize # size of the marker
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nbins # number of bins for heatmap/hexbin and histograms
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heatmap_c # color cutoffs for Qwt heatmaps
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fillto # fillto value for area plots
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title # string or symbol, title of the plot
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xlabel # string or symbol, label on the bottom (x) axis
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ylabel # string or symbol, label on the left (y) axis
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yrightlabel # string or symbol, label on the right (y) axis
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reg # true or false, add a regression line for each line
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size # (Int,Int), resize the enclosing window
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pos # (Int,Int), move the enclosing window to this position
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windowtitle # string or symbol, set the title of the enclosing windowtitle
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screen # Integer, move enclosing window to this screen number (for multiscreen desktops)
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show # true or false, show the plot (in case you don't want the window to pop up right away)
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```
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If you don't include a keyword argument, these are the defaults:
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```
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axis = :left
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color = :auto
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label = automatically generated (y1, y2, ...., or y1 (R), y2 (R) for the right axis)
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width = 1
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linetype = :line
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linestype = :solid
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marker = :none
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markercolor = :match
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markersize = 3
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nbins = 100
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heatmap_c = (0.15, 0.5)
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fillto = nothing
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title = ""
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xlabel = ""
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ylabel = ""
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yrightlabel = ""
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reg = false
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size = (800,600)
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pos = (0,0)
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windowtitle = ""
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screen = 1
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show = true
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```
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__Tip__: You can see the default value for a given argument with `plotDefault(arg::Symbol)`, and set the default value with `plotDefault!(arg::Symbol, value)`
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__Tip__: When plotting multiple lines, you can give every line the same trait by using the singular, or add an "s" to pluralize.
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(yes I know it's not gramatically correct, but it's easy to use and implement)
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```julia
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plot(rand(100,2); colors = [:red, RGB(.5,.5,0)], axiss = [:left, :right], width = 5) # note the width=5 is applied to both lines
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```
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# TODO
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- [x] Plot vectors/matrices/functions
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- [ ] Plot DataFrames
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- [ ] Scales
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- [ ] Categorical Inputs (strings, etc... for hist, bar? or can split one series into multiple?)
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- [ ] Custom markers
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- [ ] Special plots (boxplot, ohlc?)
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- [x] Subplots
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- [x] Histograms
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- [ ] 3D plotting
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- [ ] Scenes/Drawing
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- [ ] Graphs
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- [ ] Interactivity (GUIs)
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- [x] Gadfly.jl
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- [ ] PyPlot.jl
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- [ ] Winston.jl
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- [ ] Gaston.jl
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- [ ] GLPlot.jl
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- [x] Qwt.jl
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- [ ] Bokeh.jl
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- [ ] Plotly.jl
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- [ ] GoogleCharts.jl
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- [ ] Vega.jl
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- [ ] PLplot.jl
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- [ ] TextPlots.jl
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- [ ] ASCIIPlots.jl
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- [ ] Sparklines.jl
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- [x] UnicodePlots.jl
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- [ ] Hinton.jl
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- [ ] ImageTerm.jl
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- [ ] GraphViz.jl
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- [ ] TikzGraphs.jl
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- [ ] GraphLayout.jl
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# More information on backends (both supported and unsupported)
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See the wiki at: https://github.com/JuliaPlot/juliaplot_docs/wiki
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