use correct revision

use name
2019-01-31 18:50:20 +01:00 · 2019-01-31 18:27:54 +01:00
50 changed files with 1851 additions and 5210 deletions
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-name: CompatHelper
-
-on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '00 * * * *'
-
-jobs:
-  CompatHelper:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        julia-version: [1.2.0]
-        julia-arch: [x86]
-        os: [ubuntu-latest]
-    steps:
-      - uses: julia-actions/setup-julia@latest
-        with:
-          version: ${{ matrix.julia-version }}
-      - name: Pkg.add("CompatHelper")
-        run: julia -e 'using Pkg; Pkg.add("CompatHelper")'
-      - name: CompatHelper.main()
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: julia -e 'using CompatHelper; CompatHelper.main()'
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-name: TagBot
-on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: 0 * * * *
-jobs:
-  TagBot:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: JuliaRegistries/TagBot@v1
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
@@ -7,4 +7,3 @@ examples/meetup/.ipynb_checkpoints/*
 deps/plotly-latest.min.js
 deps/build.log
 deps/deps.jl
-Manifest.toml
@@ -4,31 +4,57 @@ os:
  - linux
  # - osx
 julia:
-  - 1
-  - 1.3
+  # - 1.0
  - nightly
+# matrix:
+#   allow_failures:
+#     - julia: nightly

-matrix:
-  allow_failures:
-  - julia: nightly
+# # before install:
+# #   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then brew update          ; fi
+# #   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then brew install wkhtmltopdf; fi

-addons:
-  apt:
-    packages:
-      - at-spi2-core
-      - libgtk-3-dev
-      - xauth
-      - xvfb
+# ref: http://askubuntu.com/a/556672 for the wkhtmltopdf apt repository info

 sudo: required
 before_install:
  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then pwd ; fi
  - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then ./test/install_wkhtmltoimage.sh ; fi
+#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:pov/wkhtmltopdf  ; fi
+#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  sudo apt-get -qq update                      ; fi
+#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  sudo apt-get install -y wkhtmltopdf          ; fi
+#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  wkhtmltopdf -V                               ; fi
+#   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then  wkhtmltoimage -V                             ; fi
+#   echo 'exec xvfb-run -a -s "-screen 0 640x480x16" wkhtmltopdf "$@"' | sudo tee /usr/local/bin/wkhtmltopdf.sh >/dev/null
+# sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/wkhtmltopdf.sh
+
+# # borrowed from Blink.jl's travis file
+# matrix:
+#   include:
+#     - os: linux
+#       julia: 0.4
+#       env: TESTCMD="xvfb-run julia"
+#     - os: osx
+#       julia: 0.4
+#       env: TESTCMD="julia"
+
+

 notifications:
  email: true
-
-script:
-  - if [[ -a .git/shallow ]]; then git fetch --unshallow; fi
-  - if [[ `uname` = "Linux" ]]; then TESTCMD="xvfb-run julia"; else TESTCMD="julia"; fi
-  - $TESTCMD -e 'using Pkg; Pkg.build(); Pkg.test(coverage=true)'
+# uncomment the following lines to override the default test script
+# script:
+ # - if [[ -a .git/shallow ]]; then git fetch --unshallow; fi
+ # - julia -e 'import Pkg; Pkg.add(Pkg.PackageSpec(path=pwd())); Pkg.build("Plots")'
+ # - julia test/travis_commands.jl
+ # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("ImageMagick"); Pkg.build("ImageMagick")'
+ # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("GR"); Pkg.build("GR")'
+ # # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/tbreloff/ImageMagick.jl.git"); Pkg.checkout("ImageMagick","tb_write"); Pkg.build("ImageMagick")'
+ # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/tbreloff/ExamplePlots.jl.git");'
+ # # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/JunoLab/Blink.jl.git"); Pkg.build("Blink"); import Blink; Blink.AtomShell.install()'
+ # # - julia -e 'Pkg.clone("https://github.com/spencerlyon2/PlotlyJS.jl.git")'
+ # - julia -e 'ENV["PYTHON"] = ""; Pkg.add("PyPlot"); Pkg.build("PyPlot")'
+ #
+ # # - $TESTCMD -e 'Pkg.test("Plots"; coverage=false)'
+ # - julia -e 'Pkg.test("Plots"; coverage=false)'
+ # # - julia -e 'cd(Pkg.dir("Plots")); Pkg.add("Coverage"); using Coverage; Coveralls.submit(process_folder()); Codecov.submit(process_folder())'
@@ -3,115 +3,14 @@

 #### notes on release changes, ongoing development, and future planned work

+- Minor version 0.17 is the last one to support Julia 0.6!!
+- Minor version 0.11 is the last one to support Julia 0.5!!
+	- Critical bugfixes only
+    - `backports` branch is for Julia 0.5
+
+---
 ## (current master)

-## 0.28.3
- support generalized array interface
- save to pdf, svg and eps in plotlyjs
- fix for clims in line_z
- optimize heatmap logic in gr
-
-## 0.26.3
- fix `vline` with dates
- fix PyPlot logscale bug
- avoid annotation clipping for PyPlot
- allow plotting of Any vectors and 3D plotting again in convertToAnyVector
- specify legend title font in GR and PyPlot
- delete `pushtomaster.sh`
- use `=== nothing`
-
-## 0.26.2
- improve empty animation build error
- fix GR axis flip for heatmaps and images
- fix ribbons specified as tuples
- add Char recipe
- fix Plotly plots with single-element series
- rewrite PlotlyJS backend
-
-## 0.26.1
- handle `Char`s as input data
- fix html saving for Plotly
- expand ~ in paths on UNIX systems
- convertToAnyVector clean-up
- fix color_palette grouping issue
-
-## 0.26.0
- use FFMPEG.jl
- add missing method for convertToAnyVector
-
-## 0.25.3
- add areaplot
- allow missing in z_color arguments
- more general tuple recipe
- stephist logscale improvements
-
-## 0.25.2
- improvements to handle missings
- pyplot: allow setting the color gradient for z values
- document :colorbar_entry
- limit number of automatic bins
- fix ENV['PLOTS_DEFAULT_BACKEND']
- don't let aspect_ratio impact subplot size
- implement arrowstyle for GR
- fix bug in plotly_convert_to_datetime
- improve missing support
- gr: polar heatmaps
- make sure show returns nothing
-
-## 0.25.1
- fix gr_display
-
-## 0.25.0
- Replace StaticArrays with GeometryTypes
- Contour fixes for GR
-
-## 0.24.0
- Update to the new PyCall and PyPlot API
- fix drawing of ticks
- fix y label position with GR
-
-## 0.23.2
- pyplot fixes
- Add option :tex_output_standalone to set the 'include_preamble' argument in the PGFPlots backend.
- fix ticks
- support plotly json mime
- fix image axis limits
- default to radius 0 at center for polar plots
-
-## 0.23.1
- slightly faster load time
- fixed errant MethodError
- fix bar plots with unicodeplots
- better colorbars for contour
- add volume seriestype for GR
- fix passing a tuple to custom ticks
- add vline to pgfplots
- add tex output for pyplot
- better 3d axis labels for GR
-
-## 0.23.0
- compatible with StatPlots -> StatsPlots name shift
- fix histograms for vectors with NaN and Inf
- change gif behaviour (remove cache-busting)
- improved docstrings for shorthands functions
- fix font rotation for pyplot
- fix greyscale images for pyplot
- clamp greyscale images with values outside 0,1
- support keyword argument for font options
- allow vector of markers for pyplot scatter
-
-## 0.22.5
- improve behaviour of plotlyjs backend
-
-## 0.22.4
- Add support for discrete contourf plots with GR
-
-## 0.22.3
- Fix the `showtheme` function
-
-## 0.22.2
- Allow annotations to accept a Tuple instead of the result of a text call (making it possible to specify font characteristics in recipes). E.g. `annotations = (2, 4, ("test", :right, 8, :red))` is the same as `annotations = (2, 4, text("test", :right, 8, :red))`
-
 ## 0.22.1
 - push PlotsDisplay just after REPLDisplay

@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-name = "Plots"
-uuid = "91a5bcdd-55d7-5caf-9e0b-520d859cae80"
-author = ["Tom Breloff (@tbreloff)"]
-version = "0.29.1"
-
-[deps]
-Base64 = "2a0f44e3-6c83-55bd-87e4-b1978d98bd5f"
-Contour = "d38c429a-6771-53c6-b99e-75d170b6e991"
-Dates = "ade2ca70-3891-5945-98fb-dc099432e06a"
-FFMPEG = "c87230d0-a227-11e9-1b43-d7ebe4e7570a"
-FixedPointNumbers = "53c48c17-4a7d-5ca2-90c5-79b7896eea93"
-GR = "28b8d3ca-fb5f-59d9-8090-bfdbd6d07a71"
-GeometryTypes = "4d00f742-c7ba-57c2-abde-4428a4b178cb"
-JSON = "682c06a0-de6a-54ab-a142-c8b1cf79cde6"
-LinearAlgebra = "37e2e46d-f89d-539d-b4ee-838fcccc9c8e"
-Measures = "442fdcdd-2543-5da2-b0f3-8c86c306513e"
-NaNMath = "77ba4419-2d1f-58cd-9bb1-8ffee604a2e3"
-Pkg = "44cfe95a-1eb2-52ea-b672-e2afdf69b78f"
-PlotThemes = "ccf2f8ad-2431-5c83-bf29-c5338b663b6a"
-PlotUtils = "995b91a9-d308-5afd-9ec6-746e21dbc043"
-Printf = "de0858da-6303-5e67-8744-51eddeeeb8d7"
-REPL = "3fa0cd96-eef1-5676-8a61-b3b8758bbffb"
-Random = "9a3f8284-a2c9-5f02-9a11-845980a1fd5c"
-RecipesBase = "3cdcf5f2-1ef4-517c-9805-6587b60abb01"
-Reexport = "189a3867-3050-52da-a836-e630ba90ab69"
-Requires = "ae029012-a4dd-5104-9daa-d747884805df"
-Showoff = "992d4aef-0814-514b-bc4d-f2e9a6c4116f"
-SparseArrays = "2f01184e-e22b-5df5-ae63-d93ebab69eaf"
-Statistics = "10745b16-79ce-11e8-11f9-7d13ad32a3b2"
-StatsBase = "2913bbd2-ae8a-5f71-8c99-4fb6c76f3a91"
-UUIDs = "cf7118a7-6976-5b1a-9a39-7adc72f591a4"
-
-[compat]
-Contour = "0.5"
-FFMPEG = "0.2"
-FixedPointNumbers = "0.6, 0.7, 0.8"
-GR = "0.46"
-GeometryTypes = "0.7"
-JSON = "0.21"
-Measures = "0.3"
-NaNMath = "0.3"
-PGFPlotsX = "1.2.0"
-PlotThemes = "1"
-PlotUtils = "0.6.1"
-RecipesBase = "0.8"
-Reexport = "0.2"
-Requires = "0.5, 1.0"
-Showoff = "0.3.1"
-StatsBase = "0.32"
-julia = "1"
-
-[extras]
-FileIO = "5789e2e9-d7fb-5bc7-8068-2c6fae9b9549"
-GeometryTypes = "4d00f742-c7ba-57c2-abde-4428a4b178cb"
-Gtk = "4c0ca9eb-093a-5379-98c5-f87ac0bbbf44"
-ImageMagick = "6218d12a-5da1-5696-b52f-db25d2ecc6d1"
-Images = "916415d5-f1e6-5110-898d-aaa5f9f070e0"
-LaTeXStrings = "b964fa9f-0449-5b57-a5c2-d3ea65f4040f"
-LibGit2 = "76f85450-5226-5b5a-8eaa-529ad045b433"
-PGFPlotsX = "8314cec4-20b6-5062-9cdb-752b83310925"
-RDatasets = "ce6b1742-4840-55fa-b093-852dadbb1d8b"
-Random = "9a3f8284-a2c9-5f02-9a11-845980a1fd5c"
-StatsPlots = "f3b207a7-027a-5e70-b257-86293d7955fd"
-Test = "8dfed614-e22c-5e08-85e1-65c5234f0b40"
-UnicodePlots = "b8865327-cd53-5732-bb35-84acbb429228"
-VisualRegressionTests = "34922c18-7c2a-561c-bac1-01e79b2c4c92"
-
-[targets]
-test = ["FileIO", "GeometryTypes", "Gtk", "ImageMagick", "Images", "LaTeXStrings", "LibGit2", "PGFPlotsX", "Random", "RDatasets", "StatsPlots", "Test", "UnicodePlots", "VisualRegressionTests"]
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@

 #### Created by Tom Breloff (@tbreloff)

-#### Maintained by the [JuliaPlots members](https://github.com/orgs/JuliaPlots/people)
+#### Maintained by the [JuliaPlot members](https://github.com/orgs/JuliaPlots/people)

 Plots is a plotting API and toolset.  My goals with the package are:

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+julia 1.0
+
+RecipesBase 0.6.0
+PlotUtils 0.4.1
+PlotThemes 0.1.3
+Reexport
+StaticArrays 0.5
+FixedPointNumbers 0.3
+Measures
+Showoff
+StatsBase 0.14.0
+JSON
+NaNMath
+Requires
+Contour
+GR 0.37.0
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ environment:
  matrix:
  # - julia_version: 0.7
  - julia_version: 1
-  - julia_version: 1.3
  - julia_version: nightly

 platform:
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-# To figure out what should be precompiled, run this script, then move
-# precompile_Plots.jl in precompiles_path (see below) to src/precompile.jl
-
-# This script works by using SnoopCompile to log compilations that take place
-# while running the examples on the GR backend. So SnoopCompile must be
-# installed, and StatsPlots, RDatasets, and FileIO are also required for
-# certain examples.
-
-# If precompilation fails with an UndefVarError for a module, probably what is
-# happening is that the module appears in the precompile statements, but is
-# only visible to one of Plots' dependencies, and not Plots itself. Adding the
-# module to the blacklist below will remove these precompile statements.
-
-# Anonymous functions may appear in precompile statements as functions with
-# hashes in their name. Those of the form "#something##kw" have to do with
-# compiling functions with keyword arguments, and are named reproducibly, so
-# can be kept. Others generally will not work. Currently, SnoopCompile includes
-# some anonymous functions that not reproducible, but SnoopCompile PR #30
-# (which looks about to be merged) will ensure that anonymous functions are
-# actually defined before attempting to precompile them. Alternatively, we can
-# keep only the keyword argument related anonymous functions by changing the
-# regex that SnoopCompile uses to detect anonymous functions to
-# r"#{1,2}[^\"#]+#{1,2}\d+" (see anonrex in SnoopCompile.jl). To exclude all
-# precompile statements involving anonymous functions, "#" can also be added to
-# the blacklist below.
-
-using SnoopCompile
-
-log_path = joinpath(tempdir(), "compiles.log")
-precompiles_path = joinpath(tempdir(), "precompile")
-
-# run examples with GR backend, logging what needs to be compiled
-SnoopCompile.@snoopc log_path begin
-    using Plots
-    Plots.test_examples(:gr, disp=true)
-end
-
-# precompile calls containing the following strings are dropped
-blacklist = [
-    # functions defined in examples
-    "PlotExampleModule",
-    # the following are not visible to Plots, only its dependencies
-    "CategoricalArrays",
-    "FixedPointNumbers",
-    "SparseArrays",
-    r"#{1,2}[^\"#]+#{1,2}\d+",
-]
-
-data = SnoopCompile.read(log_path)
-pc = SnoopCompile.parcel(reverse!(data[2]), blacklist=blacklist)
-SnoopCompile.write(precompiles_path, pc)
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+git checkout master
+git merge --ff-only dev
+git push origin master
+git checkout dev
@@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
 module Plots

-const _current_plots_version = VersionNumber(split(first(filter(line -> occursin("version", line), readlines(normpath(@__DIR__, "..", "Project.toml")))), "\"")[2])
+_current_plots_version = v"0.20.6"

 using Reexport

-import GeometryTypes
+import StaticArrays
 using Dates, Printf, Statistics, Base64, LinearAlgebra, Random
 import SparseArrays: findnz

-using FFMPEG
-
@reexport using RecipesBase
-import RecipesBase: plot, plot!, animate, is_explicit
+import RecipesBase: plot, plot!, animate
 using Base.Meta
@reexport using PlotUtils
@reexport using PlotThemes
@@ -189,7 +187,7 @@ include("backends/plotly.jl")
 include("backends/gr.jl")
 include("backends/web.jl")

-include("shorthands.jl")
+include("shorthands.jl") 

 let PlotOrSubplot = Union{Plot, Subplot}
    global title!(plt::PlotOrSubplot, s::AbstractString; kw...)                  = plot!(plt; title = s, kw...)
@@ -222,7 +220,4 @@ end

 const CURRENT_BACKEND = CurrentBackend(:none)

-include("precompile.jl")
-_precompile_()
-
 end # module
@@ -60,39 +60,31 @@ end

 file_extension(fn) = Base.Filesystem.splitext(fn)[2][2:end]

-gif(anim::Animation, fn = giffn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim, fn; kw...)
-mov(anim::Animation, fn = movfn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim, fn, false; kw...)
-mp4(anim::Animation, fn = mp4fn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim, fn, false; kw...)
+gif(anim::Animation, fn = giffn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim.dir, fn; kw...)
+mov(anim::Animation, fn = movfn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim.dir, fn, false; kw...)
+mp4(anim::Animation, fn = mp4fn(); kw...) = buildanimation(anim.dir, fn, false; kw...)

-ffmpeg_framerate(fps) = "$fps"
-ffmpeg_framerate(fps::Rational) = "$(fps.num)/$(fps.den)"

-function buildanimation(anim::Animation, fn::AbstractString,
+function buildanimation(animdir::AbstractString, fn::AbstractString,
                        is_animated_gif::Bool=true;
-                        fps::Real = 20, loop::Integer = 0,
+                        fps::Integer = 20, loop::Integer = 0,
                        variable_palette::Bool=false,
                        show_msg::Bool=true)
-    if length(anim.frames) == 0
-        throw(ArgumentError("Cannot build empty animations"))
-    end
-
-    fn = abspath(expanduser(fn))
-    animdir = anim.dir
-    framerate = ffmpeg_framerate(fps)
+    fn = abspath(fn)

    if is_animated_gif
        if variable_palette
            # generate a colorpalette for each frame for highest quality, but larger filesize
            palette="palettegen=stats_mode=single[pal],[0:v][pal]paletteuse=new=1"
-            ffmpeg_exe(`-v 0 -framerate $framerate -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -lavfi "$palette" -y $fn`)
+            run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -framerate $fps -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -lavfi "$palette" -y $fn`)
        else
            # generate a colorpalette first so ffmpeg does not have to guess it
-            ffmpeg_exe(`-v 0 -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -vf "palettegen=stats_mode=diff" -y "$(animdir)/palette.bmp"`)
+            run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -vf "palettegen=stats_mode=diff" -y "$(animdir)/palette.bmp"`)
            # then apply the palette to get better results
-            ffmpeg_exe(` -v 0 -framerate $framerate -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -i "$(animdir)/palette.bmp" -lavfi "paletteuse=dither=sierra2_4a" -y $fn`)
+            run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -framerate $fps -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -i "$(animdir)/palette.bmp" -lavfi "paletteuse=dither=sierra2_4a" -y $fn`)
        end
    else
-        ffmpeg_exe(`-v 0 -framerate $framerate -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -pix_fmt yuv420p -y $fn`)
+        run(`ffmpeg -v 0 -framerate $fps -loop $loop -i $(animdir)/%06d.png -pix_fmt yuv420p -y $fn`)
    end

    show_msg && @info("Saved animation to ", fn)
@@ -104,27 +96,13 @@ end
 # write out html to view the gif
 function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", agif::AnimatedGif)
    ext = file_extension(agif.filename)
-    if ext == "gif"
-        html = "<img src=\"data:image/gif;base64," * base64encode(read(agif.filename)) * "\" />"
+    write(io, if ext == "gif"
+        "<img src=\"$(relpath(agif.filename))\" />"
    elseif ext in ("mov", "mp4")
-        mimetype = ext == "mov" ? "video/quicktime" : "video/mp4"
-        html = "<video controls><source src=\"data:$mimetype;base64," *
-               base64encode(read(agif.filename)) *
-               "\" type = \"$mimetype\"></video>"
+        "<video controls><source src=\"$(relpath(agif.filename)) type=\"video/$ext\"></video>"
    else
        error("Cannot show animation with extension $ext: $agif")
-    end
-
-    write(io, html)
-    return nothing
-end
-
-
-# Only gifs can be shown via image/gif
-Base.showable(::MIME"image/gif", agif::AnimatedGif) = file_extension(agif.filename) == "gif"
-
-function Base.show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/gif", agif::AnimatedGif)
-    open(fio-> write(io, fio), agif.filename)
+    end)
 end


@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :arrow             	=> "nothing (no arrows), Bool (if true, default arrows), Arrow object, or arg(s) that could be style or head length/widths.  Defines arrowheads that should be displayed at the end of path line segments (just before a NaN and the last non-NaN point).  Used in quiverplot, streamplot, or similar.",
 :normalize         	=> "Bool or Symbol. Histogram normalization mode. Possible values are: false/:none (no normalization, default), true/:pdf (normalize to a discrete Probability Density Function, where the total area of the bins is 1), :probability (bin heights sum to 1) and :density (the area of each bin, rather than the height, is equal to the counts - useful for uneven bin sizes).",
 :weights           	=> "AbstractVector. Used in histogram types for weighted counts.",
-:show_empty_bins    => "Bool. Whether empty bins in a 2D histogram are colored as 0 (true), or transparent (the default).",
 :contours          	=> "Bool. Add contours to the side-grids of 3D plots?  Used in surface/wireframe.",
 :contour_labels         => "Bool. Show labels at the contour lines?",
 :match_dimensions  	=> "Bool. For heatmap types... should the first dimension of a matrix (rows) correspond to the first dimension of the plot (x-axis)?  The default is false, which matches the behavior of Matplotlib, Plotly, and others.  Note: when passing a function for z, the function should still map `(x,y) -> z`.",
@@ -50,7 +49,6 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :series_annotations     => "AbstractVector of String or PlotText.  These are annotations which are mapped to data points/positions.",
 :primary                => "Bool.  Does this count as a 'real series'?  For example, you could have a path (primary), and a scatter (secondary) as 2 separate series, maybe with different data (see sticks recipe for an example).  The secondary series will get the same color, etc as the primary.",
 :hover 	        	=> "nothing or vector of strings. Text to display when hovering over each data point.",
-:colorbar_entry   => "Bool.  Include this series in the color bar?  Set to `false` to exclude.",

 # plot args
 :plot_title               => "String. Title for the whole plot (not the subplots) (Note: Not currently implemented)",
@@ -65,7 +63,6 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :link                     => "Symbol.  How/whether to link axis limits between subplots. Values: `:none`, `:x` (x axes are linked by columns), `:y` (y axes are linked by rows), `:both` (x and y are linked), `:all` (every subplot is linked together regardless of layout position).",
 :overwrite_figure         => "Bool.  Should we reuse the same GUI window/figure when plotting (true) or open a new one (false).",
 :html_output_format       => "Symbol.  When writing html output, what is the format?  `:png` and `:svg` are currently supported.",
-:tex_output_standalone    => "Bool. When writing tex output, should the source include a preamble for a standalone document class.",
 :inset_subplots           => "nothing or vector of 2-tuple (parent,bbox).  optionally pass a vector of (parent,bbox) tuples which are the parent layout and the relative bounding box of inset subplots",
 :dpi 			  => "Number.  Dots Per Inch of output figures",
 :thickness_scaling        => "Number. Scale for the thickness of all line elements like lines, borders, axes, grid lines, ... defaults to 1.",
@@ -96,16 +93,9 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :legendfontvalign         => "Symbol. Font vertical alignment of legend entries: :vcenter, :top, :bottom or :center",
 :legendfontrotation       => "Real. Font rotation of legend entries",
 :legendfontcolor          => "Color Type. Font color of legend entries",
-:legendtitlefontfamily    => "String or Symbol. Font family of the legend title.",
-:legendtitlefontsize           => "Integer. Font pointsize the legend title.",
-:legendtitlefonthalign         => "Symbol. Font horizontal alignment of the legend title: :hcenter, :left, :right or :center",
-:legendtitlefontvalign         => "Symbol. Font vertical alignment of the legend title: :vcenter, :top, :bottom or :center",
-:legendtitlefontrotation       => "Real. Font rotation of the legend title",
-:legendtitlefontcolor          => "Color Type. Font color of the legend title",
 :colorbar                 => "Bool (show the colorbar?) or Symbol (colorbar position).  Symbol values: `:none`, `:best`, `:right`, `:left`, `:top`, `:bottom`, `:legend` (matches legend value) (note: only some may be supported in each backend)",
 :clims 					  => "`:auto` or NTuple{2,Number}.  Fixes the limits of the colorbar.",
 :legendfont               => "Font. Font of legend items.",
-:legendtitlefont          => "Font. Font of the legend title.",
 :annotations              => "(x,y,text) tuple(s).  Can be a single tuple or a list of them.  Text can be String or PlotText (created with `text(args...)`)  Add one-off text annotations at the x,y coordinates.",
 :projection               => "Symbol or String.  '3d' or 'polar'",
 :aspect_ratio             => "Symbol (:equal) or Number. Plot area is resized so that 1 y-unit is the same size as `aspect_ratio` x-units.",
@@ -159,5 +149,4 @@ const _arg_desc = KW(
 :tick_direction           => "Symbol.  Direction of the ticks. `:in` or `:out`",
 :showaxis                 => "Bool, Symbol or String.  Show the axis. `true`, `false`, `:show`, `:hide`, `:yes`, `:no`, `:x`, `:y`, `:z`, `:xy`, ..., `:all`, `:off`",
 :widen                    => "Bool. Widen the axis limits by a small factor to avoid cut-off markers and lines at the borders. Defaults to `true`.",
-:draw_arrow               => "Bool. Draw arrow at the end of the axis.",
 )
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ like_surface(seriestype::Symbol)   = seriestype in _surface_like

 is3d(seriestype::Symbol) = seriestype in _3dTypes
 is3d(series::Series) = is3d(series.plotattributes)
-is3d(plotattributes::AKW) = trueOrAllTrue(is3d, Symbol(plotattributes[:seriestype]))
+is3d(plotattributes::KW) = trueOrAllTrue(is3d, Symbol(plotattributes[:seriestype]))

 is3d(sp::Subplot) = string(sp.attr[:projection]) == "3d"
 ispolar(sp::Subplot) = string(sp.attr[:projection]) == "polar"
@@ -232,7 +232,6 @@ const _bar_width = 0.8

 const _series_defaults = KW(
    :label             => "AUTO",
-    :colorbar_entry    => true,
    :seriescolor       => :auto,
    :seriesalpha       => nothing,
    :seriestype        => :path,
@@ -272,7 +271,6 @@ const _series_defaults = KW(
    :arrow             => nothing,   # allows for adding arrows to line/path... call `arrow(args...)`
    :normalize         => false,     # do we want a normalized histogram?
    :weights           => nothing,   # optional weights for histograms (1D and 2D)
-    :show_empty_bins   => false,     # should empty bins in 2D histogram be colored as zero (otherwise they are transparent)
    :contours          => false,     # add contours to 3d surface and wireframe plots
    :contour_labels    => false,
    :match_dimensions  => false,     # do rows match x (true) or y (false) for heatmap/image/spy? see issue 196
@@ -300,7 +298,6 @@ const _plot_defaults = KW(
    :link                        => :none,
    :overwrite_figure            => true,
    :html_output_format          => :auto,
-    :tex_output_standalone       => false,
    :inset_subplots              => nothing,   # optionally pass a vector of (parent,bbox) tuples which are
                                               # the parent layout and the relative bounding box of inset subplots
    :dpi                         => DPI,        # dots per inch for images, etc
@@ -337,12 +334,6 @@ const _subplot_defaults = KW(
    :legendfontvalign         => :vcenter,
    :legendfontrotation       => 0.0,
    :legendfontcolor          => :match,
-    :legendtitlefontfamily    => :match,
-    :legendtitlefontsize      => 11,
-    :legendtitlefonthalign    => :hcenter,
-    :legendtitlefontvalign    => :vcenter,
-    :legendtitlefontrotation  => 0.0,
-    :legendtitlefontcolor     => :match,
    :annotations              => [],                # annotation tuples... list of (x,y,annotation)
    :projection               => :none,             # can also be :polar or :3d
    :aspect_ratio             => :none,             # choose from :none or :equal
@@ -399,7 +390,6 @@ const _axis_defaults = KW(
    :minorgrid                => false,
    :showaxis                 => true,
    :widen                    => true,
-    :draw_arrow               => false,
 )

 const _suppress_warnings = Set{Symbol}([
@@ -418,26 +408,37 @@ const _suppress_warnings = Set{Symbol}([

 # add defaults for the letter versions
 const _axis_defaults_byletter = KW()
+for letter in (:x,:y,:z)
+    for k in keys(_axis_defaults)
+    # for k in (
+    #             :guide,
+    #             :lims,
+    #             :ticks,
+    #             :scale,
+    #             :rotation,
+    #             :flip,
+    #             :link,
+    #             :tickfont,
+    #             :guidefont,
+    #             :foreground_color_axis,
+    #             :foreground_color_border,
+    #             :foreground_color_text,
+    #             :foreground_color_guide,
+    #             :discrete_values,
+    #             :formatter,
+    #         )
+        _axis_defaults_byletter[Symbol(letter,k)] = :match

-function reset_axis_defaults_byletter!()
-    for letter in (:x,:y,:z)
-        _axis_defaults_byletter[letter] = KW()
-        for (k,v) in _axis_defaults
-            _axis_defaults_byletter[letter][k] = v
-        end
+        # allow the underscore version too: xguide or x_guide
+        add_aliases(Symbol(letter, k), Symbol(letter, "_", k))
    end
 end
-reset_axis_defaults_byletter!()
-
-for letter in (:x,:y,:z), k in keys(_axis_defaults)
-    # allow the underscore version too: xguide or x_guide
-    add_aliases(Symbol(letter, k), Symbol(letter, "_", k))
-end

 const _all_defaults = KW[
    _series_defaults,
    _plot_defaults,
-    _subplot_defaults
+    _subplot_defaults,
+    _axis_defaults_byletter
 ]

 const _initial_defaults = deepcopy(_all_defaults)
@@ -446,18 +447,11 @@ const _initial_axis_defaults = deepcopy(_axis_defaults)
 # to be able to reset font sizes to initial values
 const _initial_fontsizes = Dict(:titlefontsize  => _subplot_defaults[:titlefontsize],
                                :legendfontsize => _subplot_defaults[:legendfontsize],
-                                :legendtitlefontsize => _subplot_defaults[:legendtitlefontsize],
                                :tickfontsize   => _axis_defaults[:tickfontsize],
                                :guidefontsize  => _axis_defaults[:guidefontsize])

 const _all_args = sort(collect(union(map(keys, _all_defaults)...)))

-is_subplot_attr(k) = haskey(_subplot_defaults, k)
-is_series_attr(k) = haskey(_series_defaults, k)
-#is_axis_attr(k) = haskey(_axis_defaults_byletter, k)
-is_axis_attr(k) = haskey(_axis_defaults, Symbol(chop(string(k); head=1, tail=0)))
-is_axis_attr_noletter(k) = haskey(_axis_defaults, k)
-
 RecipesBase.is_key_supported(k::Symbol) = is_attr_supported(k)

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -470,7 +464,7 @@ autopick(notarr, idx::Integer) = notarr
 autopick_ignore_none_auto(arr::AVec, idx::Integer) = autopick(setdiff(arr, [:none, :auto]), idx)
 autopick_ignore_none_auto(notarr, idx::Integer) = notarr

-function aliasesAndAutopick(plotattributes::AKW, sym::Symbol, aliases::Dict{Symbol,Symbol}, options::AVec, plotIndex::Int)
+function aliasesAndAutopick(plotattributes::KW, sym::Symbol, aliases::Dict{Symbol,Symbol}, options::AVec, plotIndex::Int)
    if plotattributes[sym] == :auto
        plotattributes[sym] = autopick_ignore_none_auto(options, plotIndex)
    elseif haskey(aliases, plotattributes[sym])
@@ -577,7 +571,6 @@ add_aliases(:xerror, :xerr, :xerrorbar)
 add_aliases(:yerror, :yerr, :yerrorbar, :err, :errorbar)
 add_aliases(:quiver, :velocity, :quiver2d, :gradient, :vectorfield)
 add_aliases(:normalize, :norm, :normed, :normalized)
-add_aliases(:show_empty_bins, :showemptybins, :showempty, :show_empty)
 add_aliases(:aspect_ratio, :aspectratio, :axis_ratio, :axisratio, :ratio)
 add_aliases(:match_dimensions, :transpose, :transpose_z)
 add_aliases(:subplot, :sp, :subplt, :splt)
@@ -606,16 +599,6 @@ end

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-function parse_axis_kw(s::Symbol)
-    s = string(s)
-    for letter in ('x', 'y', 'z')
-        if startswith(s, letter)
-            return (Symbol(letter), Symbol(chop(s, head=1, tail=0)))
-        end
-    end
-    return nothing
-end
-
 # update the defaults globally

 """
@@ -634,10 +617,6 @@ function default(k::Symbol)
    if haskey(_axis_defaults, k)
        return _axis_defaults[k]
    end
-    if (axis_k = parse_axis_kw(k)) !== nothing
-        letter, key = axis_k
-        return _axis_defaults_byletter[letter][key]
-    end
    k in _suppress_warnings || error("Unknown key: ", k)
 end

@@ -653,11 +632,6 @@ function default(k::Symbol, v)
        _axis_defaults[k] = v
        return v
    end
-    if (axis_k = parse_axis_kw(k)) !== nothing
-        letter, key = axis_k
-        _axis_defaults_byletter[letter][key] = v
-        return v
-    end
    k in _suppress_warnings || error("Unknown key: ", k)
 end

@@ -669,20 +643,19 @@ function default(; kw...)
    end
 end

-function default(plotattributes::AKW, k::Symbol)
+function default(plotattributes::KW, k::Symbol)
    get(plotattributes, k, default(k))
 end

 function reset_defaults()
    foreach(merge!, _all_defaults, _initial_defaults)
    merge!(_axis_defaults, _initial_axis_defaults)
-    reset_axis_defaults_byletter!()
 end

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 # if arg is a valid color value, then set plotattributes[csym] and return true
-function handleColors!(plotattributes::AKW, arg, csym::Symbol)
+function handleColors!(plotattributes::KW, arg, csym::Symbol)
    try
        if arg == :auto
            plotattributes[csym] = :auto
@@ -699,7 +672,7 @@ end



-function processLineArg(plotattributes::AKW, arg)
+function processLineArg(plotattributes::KW, arg)
    # seriestype
    if allLineTypes(arg)
        plotattributes[:seriestype] = arg
@@ -709,15 +682,15 @@ function processLineArg(plotattributes::AKW, arg)
        plotattributes[:linestyle] = arg

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Stroke
-        arg.width === nothing || (plotattributes[:linewidth] = arg.width)
-        arg.color === nothing || (plotattributes[:linecolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
-        arg.alpha === nothing || (plotattributes[:linealpha] = arg.alpha)
-        arg.style === nothing || (plotattributes[:linestyle] = arg.style)
+        arg.width == nothing || (plotattributes[:linewidth] = arg.width)
+        arg.color == nothing || (plotattributes[:linecolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
+        arg.alpha == nothing || (plotattributes[:linealpha] = arg.alpha)
+        arg.style == nothing || (plotattributes[:linestyle] = arg.style)

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Brush
-        arg.size  === nothing || (plotattributes[:fillrange] = arg.size)
-        arg.color === nothing || (plotattributes[:fillcolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
-        arg.alpha === nothing || (plotattributes[:fillalpha] = arg.alpha)
+        arg.size  == nothing || (plotattributes[:fillrange] = arg.size)
+        arg.color == nothing || (plotattributes[:fillcolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
+        arg.alpha == nothing || (plotattributes[:fillalpha] = arg.alpha)

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Arrow || arg in (:arrow, :arrows)
        plotattributes[:arrow] = arg
@@ -738,7 +711,7 @@ function processLineArg(plotattributes::AKW, arg)
 end


-function processMarkerArg(plotattributes::AKW, arg)
+function processMarkerArg(plotattributes::KW, arg)
    # markershape
    if allShapes(arg)
        plotattributes[:markershape] = arg
@@ -748,24 +721,20 @@ function processMarkerArg(plotattributes::AKW, arg)
        plotattributes[:markerstrokestyle] = arg

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Stroke
-        arg.width === nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokewidth] = arg.width)
-        arg.color === nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
-        arg.alpha === nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokealpha] = arg.alpha)
-        arg.style === nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokestyle] = arg.style)
+        arg.width == nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokewidth] = arg.width)
+        arg.color == nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
+        arg.alpha == nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokealpha] = arg.alpha)
+        arg.style == nothing || (plotattributes[:markerstrokestyle] = arg.style)

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Brush
-        arg.size  === nothing || (plotattributes[:markersize]  = arg.size)
-        arg.color === nothing || (plotattributes[:markercolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
-        arg.alpha === nothing || (plotattributes[:markeralpha] = arg.alpha)
+        arg.size  == nothing || (plotattributes[:markersize]  = arg.size)
+        arg.color == nothing || (plotattributes[:markercolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
+        arg.alpha == nothing || (plotattributes[:markeralpha] = arg.alpha)

    # linealpha
    elseif allAlphas(arg)
        plotattributes[:markeralpha] = arg

-    # bool
-    elseif typeof(arg) <: Bool
-        plotattributes[:markershape] = arg ? :circle : :none
-
    # markersize
    elseif allReals(arg)
        plotattributes[:markersize] = arg
@@ -778,12 +747,12 @@ function processMarkerArg(plotattributes::AKW, arg)
 end


-function processFillArg(plotattributes::AKW, arg)
+function processFillArg(plotattributes::KW, arg)
    # fr = get(plotattributes, :fillrange, 0)
    if typeof(arg) <: Brush
-        arg.size  === nothing || (plotattributes[:fillrange] = arg.size)
-        arg.color === nothing || (plotattributes[:fillcolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
-        arg.alpha === nothing || (plotattributes[:fillalpha] = arg.alpha)
+        arg.size  == nothing || (plotattributes[:fillrange] = arg.size)
+        arg.color == nothing || (plotattributes[:fillcolor] = arg.color == :auto ? :auto : plot_color(arg.color))
+        arg.alpha == nothing || (plotattributes[:fillalpha] = arg.alpha)

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Bool
        plotattributes[:fillrange] = arg ? 0 : nothing
@@ -801,6 +770,7 @@ function processFillArg(plotattributes::AKW, arg)
        plotattributes[:fillrange] = arg

    elseif !handleColors!(plotattributes, arg, :fillcolor)
+
        plotattributes[:fillrange] = arg
    end
    # plotattributes[:fillrange] = fr
@@ -808,7 +778,7 @@ function processFillArg(plotattributes::AKW, arg)
 end


-function processGridArg!(plotattributes::AKW, arg, letter)
+function processGridArg!(plotattributes::KW, arg, letter)
    if arg in _allGridArgs || isa(arg, Bool)
        plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :grid)] = hasgrid(arg, letter)

@@ -816,10 +786,10 @@ function processGridArg!(plotattributes::AKW, arg, letter)
        plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :gridstyle)] = arg

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Stroke
-        arg.width === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :gridlinewidth)] = arg.width)
-        arg.color === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :foreground_color_grid)] = arg.color in (:auto, :match) ? :match : plot_color(arg.color))
-        arg.alpha === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :gridalpha)] = arg.alpha)
-        arg.style === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :gridstyle)] = arg.style)
+        arg.width == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :gridlinewidth)] = arg.width)
+        arg.color == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :foreground_color_grid)] = arg.color in (:auto, :match) ? :match : plot_color(arg.color))
+        arg.alpha == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :gridalpha)] = arg.alpha)
+        arg.style == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :gridstyle)] = arg.style)

    # linealpha
    elseif allAlphas(arg)
@@ -836,7 +806,7 @@ function processGridArg!(plotattributes::AKW, arg, letter)
    end
 end

-function processMinorGridArg!(plotattributes::AKW, arg, letter)
+function processMinorGridArg!(plotattributes::KW, arg, letter)
    if arg in _allGridArgs || isa(arg, Bool)
        plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgrid)] = hasgrid(arg, letter)

@@ -845,10 +815,10 @@ function processMinorGridArg!(plotattributes::AKW, arg, letter)
        plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgrid)] = true

    elseif typeof(arg) <: Stroke
-        arg.width === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgridlinewidth)] = arg.width)
-        arg.color === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :foreground_color_minor_grid)] = arg.color in (:auto, :match) ? :match : plot_color(arg.color))
-        arg.alpha === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgridalpha)] = arg.alpha)
-        arg.style === nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgridstyle)] = arg.style)
+        arg.width == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgridlinewidth)] = arg.width)
+        arg.color == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :foreground_color_minor_grid)] = arg.color in (:auto, :match) ? :match : plot_color(arg.color))
+        arg.alpha == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgridalpha)] = arg.alpha)
+        arg.style == nothing || (plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgridstyle)] = arg.style)
        plotattributes[Symbol(letter, :minorgrid)] = true

    # linealpha
@@ -869,7 +839,7 @@ function processMinorGridArg!(plotattributes::AKW, arg, letter)
    end
 end

-function processFontArg!(plotattributes::AKW, fontname::Symbol, arg)
+function processFontArg!(plotattributes::KW, fontname::Symbol, arg)
    T = typeof(arg)
    if T <: Font
        plotattributes[Symbol(fontname, :family)] = arg.family
@@ -906,7 +876,7 @@ _replace_markershape(shape::Symbol) = get(_markerAliases, shape, shape)
 _replace_markershape(shapes::AVec) = map(_replace_markershape, shapes)
 _replace_markershape(shape) = shape

-function _add_markershape(plotattributes::AKW)
+function _add_markershape(plotattributes::KW)
    # add the markershape if it needs to be added... hack to allow "m=10" to add a shape,
    # and still allow overriding in _apply_recipe
    ms = pop!(plotattributes, :markershape_to_add, :none)
@@ -916,7 +886,7 @@ function _add_markershape(plotattributes::AKW)
 end

 "Handle all preprocessing of args... break out colors/sizes/etc and replace aliases."
-function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::AKW)
+function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::KW)
    replaceAliases!(plotattributes, _keyAliases)

    # clear all axis stuff
@@ -936,7 +906,7 @@ function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::AKW)
    # end

    # handle axis args common to all axis
-    args = pop_kw!(plotattributes, :axis, ())
+    args = pop!(plotattributes, :axis, ())
    for arg in wraptuple(args)
        for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
            process_axis_arg!(plotattributes, arg, letter)
@@ -945,7 +915,7 @@ function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::AKW)
    # handle axis args
    for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
        asym = Symbol(letter, :axis)
-        args = pop_kw!(plotattributes, asym, ())
+        args = pop!(plotattributes, asym, ())
        if !(typeof(args) <: Axis)
            for arg in wraptuple(args)
                process_axis_arg!(plotattributes, arg, letter)
@@ -953,17 +923,8 @@ function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::AKW)
        end
    end

-    # vline accesses the y argument but actually maps it to the x axis.
-    # Hence, we have to swap formatters
-    if get(plotattributes, :seriestype, :path) == :vline
-        xformatter = get(plotattributes, :xformatter, :auto)
-        yformatter = get(plotattributes, :yformatter, :auto)
-        plotattributes[:xformatter] = yformatter
-        plotattributes[:yformatter] = xformatter
-    end
-
    # handle grid args common to all axes
-    args = pop_kw!(plotattributes, :grid, ())
+    args = pop!(plotattributes, :grid, ())
    for arg in wraptuple(args)
        for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
            processGridArg!(plotattributes, arg, letter)
@@ -972,13 +933,13 @@ function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::AKW)
    # handle individual axes grid args
    for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
        gridsym = Symbol(letter, :grid)
-        args = pop_kw!(plotattributes, gridsym, ())
+        args = pop!(plotattributes, gridsym, ())
        for arg in wraptuple(args)
            processGridArg!(plotattributes, arg, letter)
        end
    end
    # handle minor grid args common to all axes
-    args = pop_kw!(plotattributes, :minorgrid, ())
+    args = pop!(plotattributes, :minorgrid, ())
    for arg in wraptuple(args)
        for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
            processMinorGridArg!(plotattributes, arg, letter)
@@ -987,21 +948,21 @@ function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::AKW)
    # handle individual axes grid args
    for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
        gridsym = Symbol(letter, :minorgrid)
-        args = pop_kw!(plotattributes, gridsym, ())
+        args = pop!(plotattributes, gridsym, ())
        for arg in wraptuple(args)
            processMinorGridArg!(plotattributes, arg, letter)
        end
    end
    # fonts
-    for fontname in (:titlefont, :legendfont, :legendtitlefont)
-        args = pop_kw!(plotattributes, fontname, ())
+    for fontname in (:titlefont, :legendfont)
+        args = pop!(plotattributes, fontname, ())
        for arg in wraptuple(args)
            processFontArg!(plotattributes, fontname, arg)
        end
    end
    # handle font args common to all axes
    for fontname in (:tickfont, :guidefont)
-        args = pop_kw!(plotattributes, fontname, ())
+        args = pop!(plotattributes, fontname, ())
        for arg in wraptuple(args)
            for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
                processFontArg!(plotattributes, Symbol(letter, fontname), arg)
@@ -1011,7 +972,7 @@ function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::AKW)
    # handle individual axes font args
    for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
        for fontname in (:tickfont, :guidefont)
-            args = pop_kw!(plotattributes, Symbol(letter, fontname), ())
+            args = pop!(plotattributes, Symbol(letter, fontname), ())
            for arg in wraptuple(args)
                processFontArg!(plotattributes, Symbol(letter, fontname), arg)
            end
@@ -1019,7 +980,7 @@ function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::AKW)
    end

    # handle line args
-    for arg in wraptuple(pop_kw!(plotattributes, :line, ()))
+    for arg in wraptuple(pop!(plotattributes, :line, ()))
        processLineArg(plotattributes, arg)
    end

@@ -1033,7 +994,7 @@ function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::AKW)
        processMarkerArg(plotattributes, arg)
        anymarker = true
    end
-    reset_kw!(plotattributes, :marker)
+    delete!(plotattributes, :marker)
    if haskey(plotattributes, :markershape)
        plotattributes[:markershape] = _replace_markershape(plotattributes[:markershape])
        if plotattributes[:markershape] == :none && plotattributes[:seriestype] in (:scatter, :scatterbins, :scatterhist, :scatter3d) #the default should be :auto, not :none, so that :none can be set explicitly and would be respected
@@ -1047,7 +1008,7 @@ function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::AKW)
    for arg in wraptuple(get(plotattributes, :fill, ()))
        processFillArg(plotattributes, arg)
    end
-    reset_kw!(plotattributes, :fill)
+    delete!(plotattributes, :fill)

    # handle series annotations
    if haskey(plotattributes, :series_annotations)
@@ -1062,7 +1023,7 @@ function preprocessArgs!(plotattributes::AKW)
            arrow()
        elseif a in (false, nothing, :none)
            nothing
-        elseif !(typeof(a) <: Arrow || typeof(a) <: AbstractArray{Arrow})
+        elseif !(typeof(a) <: Arrow)
            arrow(wraptuple(a)...)
        else
            a
@@ -1112,7 +1073,7 @@ function extractGroupArgs(v::AVec, args...; legendEntry = string)
    if n > 100
        @warn("You created n=$n groups... Is that intended?")
    end
-    groupIds = Vector{Int}[filter(i -> v[i] == glab, eachindex(v)) for glab in groupLabels]
+    groupIds = Vector{Int}[filter(i -> v[i] == glab, 1:length(v)) for glab in groupLabels]
    GroupBy(map(legendEntry, groupLabels), groupIds)
 end

@@ -1120,7 +1081,7 @@ legendEntryFromTuple(ns::Tuple) = join(ns, ' ')

 # this is when given a tuple of vectors of values to group by
 function extractGroupArgs(vs::Tuple, args...)
-    isempty(vs) && return GroupBy([""], [axes(args[1],1)])
+    isempty(vs) && return GroupBy([""], [1:size(args[1],1)])
    v = map(tuple, vs...)
    extractGroupArgs(v, args...; legendEntry = legendEntryFromTuple)
 end
@@ -1130,7 +1091,7 @@ legendEntryFromTuple(ns::NamedTuple) =
    join(["$k = $v" for (k, v) in pairs(ns)], ", ")

 function extractGroupArgs(vs::NamedTuple, args...)
-    isempty(vs) && return GroupBy([""], [axes(args[1],1)])
+    isempty(vs) && return GroupBy([""], [1:size(args[1],1)])
    v = map(NamedTuple{keys(vs)}∘tuple, values(vs)...)
    extractGroupArgs(v, args...; legendEntry = legendEntryFromTuple)
 end
@@ -1145,15 +1106,15 @@ end
 filter_data(v::AVec, idxfilter::AVec{Int}) = v[idxfilter]
 filter_data(v, idxfilter) = v

-function filter_data!(plotattributes::AKW, idxfilter)
+function filter_data!(plotattributes::KW, idxfilter)
    for s in (:x, :y, :z)
        plotattributes[s] = filter_data(get(plotattributes, s, nothing), idxfilter)
    end
 end

-function _filter_input_data!(plotattributes::AKW)
+function _filter_input_data!(plotattributes::KW)
    idxfilter = pop!(plotattributes, :idxfilter, nothing)
-    if idxfilter !== nothing
+    if idxfilter != nothing
        filter_data!(plotattributes, idxfilter)
    end
 end
@@ -1164,7 +1125,7 @@ end
 const _already_warned = Dict{Symbol,Set{Symbol}}()
 const _to_warn = Set{Symbol}()

-function warnOnUnsupported_args(pkg::AbstractBackend, plotattributes)
+function warnOnUnsupported_args(pkg::AbstractBackend, plotattributes::KW)
    empty!(_to_warn)
    bend = backend_name(pkg)
    already_warned = get!(_already_warned, bend, Set{Symbol}())
@@ -1188,7 +1149,7 @@ end
 # _markershape_supported(pkg::AbstractBackend, shape::Shape) = Shape in supported_markers(pkg)
 # _markershape_supported(pkg::AbstractBackend, shapes::AVec) = all([_markershape_supported(pkg, shape) for shape in shapes])

-function warnOnUnsupported(pkg::AbstractBackend, plotattributes)
+function warnOnUnsupported(pkg::AbstractBackend, plotattributes::KW)
    if !is_seriestype_supported(pkg, plotattributes[:seriestype])
        @warn("seriestype $(plotattributes[:seriestype]) is unsupported with $pkg.  Choose from: $(supported_seriestypes(pkg))")
    end
@@ -1200,7 +1161,7 @@ function warnOnUnsupported(pkg::AbstractBackend, plotattributes)
    end
 end

-function warnOnUnsupported_scales(pkg::AbstractBackend, plotattributes::AKW)
+function warnOnUnsupported_scales(pkg::AbstractBackend, plotattributes::KW)
    for k in (:xscale, :yscale, :zscale, :scale)
        if haskey(plotattributes, k)
            v = plotattributes[k]
@@ -1219,7 +1180,7 @@ function convertLegendValue(val::Symbol)
        :best
    elseif val in (:no, :none)
        :none
-    elseif val in (:right, :left, :top, :bottom, :inside, :best, :legend, :topright, :topleft, :bottomleft, :bottomright, :outertopright, :outertopleft, :outertop, :outerright, :outerleft, :outerbottomright, :outerbottomleft, :outerbottom)
+    elseif val in (:right, :left, :top, :bottom, :inside, :best, :legend, :topright, :topleft, :bottomleft, :bottomright, :outertopright)
        val
    else
        error("Invalid symbol for legend: $val")
@@ -1239,26 +1200,24 @@ convertLegendValue(v::AbstractArray) = map(convertLegendValue, v)
 # anything else is returned as-is
 function slice_arg(v::AMat, idx::Int)
    c = mod1(idx, size(v,2))
-    m,n = axes(v)
-    size(v,1) == 1 ? v[first(m),n[c]] : v[:,n[c]]
+    size(v,1) == 1 ? v[1,c] : v[:,c]
 end
 slice_arg(wrapper::InputWrapper, idx) = wrapper.obj
 slice_arg(v, idx) = v


-# given an argument key (k), extract the argument value for this index,
-# and set into plotattributes[k]. Matrices are sliced by column.
-# if nothing is set (or container is empty), return the existing value.
-function slice_arg!(plotattributes_in, plotattributes_out,
-                    k::Symbol, idx::Int, remove_pair::Bool)
-    v = get(plotattributes_in, k, plotattributes_out[k])
-    plotattributes_out[k] = if haskey(plotattributes_in, k) && typeof(v) <: AMat && !isempty(v)
+# given an argument key (k), we want to extract the argument value for this index.
+# matrices are sliced by column, otherwise we
+# if nothing is set (or container is empty), return the default or the existing value.
+function slice_arg!(plotattributes_in::KW,plotattributes_out::KW, k::Symbol, default_value, idx::Int, remove_pair::Bool)
+    v = get(plotattributes_in, k, get(plotattributes_out, k, default_value))
+   plotattributes_out[k] = if haskey(plotattributes_in, k) && typeof(v) <: AMat && !isempty(v)
        slice_arg(v, idx)
    else
        v
    end
    if remove_pair
-        reset_kw!(plotattributes_in, k)
+        delete!(plotattributes_in, k)
    end
    return
 end
@@ -1267,20 +1226,26 @@ end

 # # if the value is `:match` then we take whatever match_color is.
 # # this is mainly used for cascading defaults for foreground and background colors
-# function color_or_match!(plotattributes::AKW, k::Symbol, match_color)
+# function color_or_match!(plotattributes::KW, k::Symbol, match_color)
 #     v = plotattributes[k]
 #     plotattributes[k] = if v == :match
 #         match_color
-#     elseif v === nothing
+#     elseif v == nothing
 #         plot_color(RGBA(0,0,0,0))
 #     else
 #         v
 #     end
 # end

-function color_or_nothing!(plotattributes, k::Symbol)
+function color_or_nothing!(plotattributes::KW, k::Symbol)
    v = plotattributes[k]
-    plotattributes[k] = v == :match ? v : plot_color(v)
+    plotattributes[k] = if v == nothing || v == false
+        RGBA{Float64}(0,0,0,0)
+    elseif v != :match
+        plot_color(v)
+    else
+        v
+    end
    return
 end

@@ -1299,10 +1264,8 @@ const _match_map = KW(
    :bottom_margin => :margin,
    :titlefontfamily          => :fontfamily_subplot,
    :legendfontfamily         => :fontfamily_subplot,
-    :legendtitlefontfamily    => :fontfamily_subplot,
    :titlefontcolor           => :foreground_color_subplot,
    :legendfontcolor          => :foreground_color_subplot,
-    :legendtitlefontcolor     => :foreground_color_subplot,
    :tickfontcolor            => :foreground_color_text,
    :guidefontcolor           => :foreground_color_guide,
 )
@@ -1379,18 +1342,18 @@ Base.get(series::Series, k::Symbol, v) = get(series.plotattributes, k, v)

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-function fg_color(plotattributes::AKW)
-    fg = get(plotattributes, :foreground_color, :auto)
+function fg_color(plotattributes::KW)
+    fg = default(plotattributes, :foreground_color)
    if fg == :auto
-        bg = plot_color(get(plotattributes, :background_color, :white))
+        bg = plot_color(default(plotattributes, :background_color))
        fg = isdark(bg) ? colorant"white" : colorant"black"
    else
        plot_color(fg)
    end
 end

-function fg_color_sp(plotattributes::AKW)
-    fgsp = get(plotattributes, :foreground_color_subplot, :match)
+function fg_color_sp(plotattributes::KW)
+    fgsp = default(plotattributes, :foreground_color_subplot)
    if fg == :match
        fg_color(plotattributes)
    else
@@ -1401,13 +1364,13 @@ end


 # update attr from an input dictionary
-function _update_plot_args(plt::Plot, plotattributes_in::AKW)
+function _update_plot_args(plt::Plot, plotattributes_in::KW)
    for (k,v) in _plot_defaults
-        slice_arg!(plotattributes_in, plt.attr, k, 1, true)
+        slice_arg!(plotattributes_in, plt.attr, k, v, 1, true)
    end

    # handle colors
-    plotattributes= plt.attr
+   plotattributes= plt.attr
    plt[:background_color] = plot_color(plotattributes[:background_color])
    plt[:foreground_color] = fg_color(plotattributes)
    # bg = plot_color(plt.attr[:background_color])
@@ -1454,7 +1417,7 @@ function _update_subplot_colors(sp::Subplot)
    return
 end

-function _update_axis(plt::Plot, sp::Subplot, plotattributes_in::AKW, letter::Symbol, subplot_index::Int)
+function _update_axis(plt::Plot, sp::Subplot, plotattributes_in::KW, letter::Symbol, subplot_index::Int)
    # get (maybe initialize) the axis
    axis = get_axis(sp, letter)

@@ -1470,13 +1433,13 @@ function _update_axis(plt::Plot, sp::Subplot, plotattributes_in::AKW, letter::Sy
    return
 end

-function _update_axis(axis::Axis, plotattributes_in::AKW, letter::Symbol, subplot_index::Int)
+function _update_axis(axis::Axis, plotattributes_in::KW, letter::Symbol, subplot_index::Int)
    # grab magic args (for example `xaxis = (:flip, :log)`)
    args = wraptuple(get(plotattributes_in, Symbol(letter, :axis), ()))

    # build the KW of arguments from the letter version (i.e. xticks --> ticks)
    kw = KW()
-    for k in keys(_axis_defaults)
+    for (k,v) in _axis_defaults
        # first get the args without the letter: `tickfont = font(10)`
        # note: we don't pop because we want this to apply to all axes! (delete after all have finished)
        if haskey(plotattributes_in, k)
@@ -1521,12 +1484,12 @@ function _update_axis_links(plt::Plot, axis::Axis, letter::Symbol)
 end

 # update a subplots args and axes
-function _update_subplot_args(plt::Plot, sp::Subplot, plotattributes_in, subplot_index::Int, remove_pair::Bool)
-    anns = pop_kw!(sp.attr, :annotations)
+function _update_subplot_args(plt::Plot, sp::Subplot, plotattributes_in::KW, subplot_index::Int, remove_pair::Bool)
+    anns = pop!(sp.attr, :annotations, [])

-    # # grab those args which apply to this subplot
-    for k in keys(_subplot_defaults)
-        slice_arg!(plotattributes_in, sp.attr, k, subplot_index, remove_pair)
+    # grab those args which apply to this subplot
+    for (k,v) in _subplot_defaults
+        slice_arg!(plotattributes_in, sp.attr, k, v, subplot_index, remove_pair)
    end

    _update_subplot_periphery(sp, anns)
@@ -1545,42 +1508,45 @@ function has_black_border_for_default(st::Symbol)
    like_histogram(st) || st in (:hexbin, :bar, :shape)
 end

-# converts a symbol or string into a Colorant or ColorGradient
-# and assigns a color automatically
-function get_series_color(c, sp::Subplot, n::Int, seriestype)
+
+# converts a symbol or string into a colorant (Colors.RGB), and assigns a color automatically
+function getSeriesRGBColor(c, sp::Subplot, n::Int)
    if c == :auto
-        c = like_surface(seriestype) ? cgrad() : autopick(sp[:color_palette], n)
+        c = autopick(sp[:color_palette], n)
    elseif isa(c, Int)
        c = autopick(sp[:color_palette], c)
    end
    plot_color(c)
 end

-function get_series_color(c::AbstractArray, sp::Subplot, n::Int, seriestype)
-    map(x->get_series_color(x, sp, n, seriestype), c)
+function getSeriesRGBColor(c::AbstractArray, sp::Subplot, n::Int)
+    map(x->getSeriesRGBColor(x, sp, n), c)
 end

-function ensure_gradient!(plotattributes::AKW, csym::Symbol, asym::Symbol)
+function ensure_gradient!(plotattributes::KW, csym::Symbol, asym::Symbol)
    if !isa(plotattributes[csym], ColorGradient)
        plotattributes[csym] = typeof(plotattributes[asym]) <: AbstractVector ? cgrad() : cgrad(alpha = plotattributes[asym])
    end
 end

-function _replace_linewidth(plotattributes::AKW)
+function _replace_linewidth(plotattributes::KW)
    # get a good default linewidth... 0 for surface and heatmaps
-    if plotattributes[:linewidth] == :auto
+    if get(plotattributes, :linewidth, :auto) == :auto
        plotattributes[:linewidth] = (get(plotattributes, :seriestype, :path) in (:surface,:heatmap,:image) ? 0 : 1)
    end
 end

-function _slice_series_args!(plotattributes::AKW, plt::Plot, sp::Subplot, commandIndex::Int)
-    for k in keys(_series_defaults)
-        haskey(plotattributes, k) && slice_arg!(plotattributes, plotattributes, k, commandIndex, false)
+function _add_defaults!(plotattributes::KW, plt::Plot, sp::Subplot, commandIndex::Int)
+    # add default values to our dictionary, being careful not to delete what we just added!
+    for (k,v) in _series_defaults
+        slice_arg!(plotattributes, plotattributes, k, v, commandIndex, false)
    end
+
    return plotattributes
 end

-function _update_series_attributes!(plotattributes::AKW, plt::Plot, sp::Subplot)
+
+function _update_series_attributes!(plotattributes::KW, plt::Plot, sp::Subplot)
    pkg = plt.backend
    globalIndex = plotattributes[:series_plotindex]
    plotIndex = _series_index(plotattributes, sp)
@@ -1590,32 +1556,30 @@ function _update_series_attributes!(plotattributes::AKW, plt::Plot, sp::Subplot)

    # update alphas
    for asym in (:linealpha, :markeralpha, :fillalpha)
-        if plotattributes[asym] === nothing
+        if plotattributes[asym] == nothing
            plotattributes[asym] = plotattributes[:seriesalpha]
        end
    end
-    if plotattributes[:markerstrokealpha] === nothing
+    if plotattributes[:markerstrokealpha] == nothing
        plotattributes[:markerstrokealpha] = plotattributes[:markeralpha]
    end

    # update series color
-    scolor = plotattributes[:seriescolor]
-    stype = plotattributes[:seriestype]
-    plotattributes[:seriescolor] = scolor = get_series_color(scolor, sp, plotIndex, stype)
+    plotattributes[:seriescolor] = getSeriesRGBColor(plotattributes[:seriescolor], sp, plotIndex)

    # update other colors
    for s in (:line, :marker, :fill)
        csym, asym = Symbol(s,:color), Symbol(s,:alpha)
        plotattributes[csym] = if plotattributes[csym] == :auto
-            plot_color(if has_black_border_for_default(stype) && s == :line
+            plot_color(if has_black_border_for_default(plotattributes[:seriestype]) && s == :line
                sp[:foreground_color_subplot]
            else
-                scolor
+                plotattributes[:seriescolor]
            end)
        elseif plotattributes[csym] == :match
-            plot_color(scolor)
+            plot_color(plotattributes[:seriescolor])
        else
-            get_series_color(plotattributes[csym], sp, plotIndex, stype)
+            getSeriesRGBColor(plotattributes[csym], sp, plotIndex)
        end
    end

@@ -1623,19 +1587,19 @@ function _update_series_attributes!(plotattributes::AKW, plt::Plot, sp::Subplot)
    plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor] = if plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor] == :match
        plot_color(sp[:foreground_color_subplot])
    elseif plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor] == :auto
-        get_series_color(plotattributes[:markercolor], sp, plotIndex, stype)
+        getSeriesRGBColor(plotattributes[:markercolor], sp, plotIndex)
    else
-        get_series_color(plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor], sp, plotIndex, stype)
+        getSeriesRGBColor(plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor], sp, plotIndex)
    end

    # if marker_z, fill_z or line_z are set, ensure we have a gradient
-    if plotattributes[:marker_z] !== nothing
+    if plotattributes[:marker_z] != nothing
        ensure_gradient!(plotattributes, :markercolor, :markeralpha)
    end
-    if plotattributes[:line_z] !== nothing
+    if plotattributes[:line_z] != nothing
        ensure_gradient!(plotattributes, :linecolor, :linealpha)
    end
-    if plotattributes[:fill_z] !== nothing
+    if plotattributes[:fill_z] != nothing
        ensure_gradient!(plotattributes, :fillcolor, :fillalpha)
    end

@@ -1650,7 +1614,6 @@ function _update_series_attributes!(plotattributes::AKW, plt::Plot, sp::Subplot)
    # set label
    label = plotattributes[:label]
    label = (label == "AUTO" ? "y$globalIndex" : label)
-    label = label in (:none, nothing, false) ? "" : label
    plotattributes[:label] = label

    _replace_linewidth(plotattributes)
@@ -7,20 +7,29 @@
 # -------------------------------------------------------------------------

 function Axis(sp::Subplot, letter::Symbol, args...; kw...)
-    explicit = KW(
+    # init with values from _plot_defaults
+    plotattributes = KW(
        :letter => letter,
+        # :extrema => (Inf, -Inf),
        :extrema => Extrema(),
        :discrete_map => Dict(),   # map discrete values to discrete indices
        :continuous_values => zeros(0),
-        :discrete_values => [],
        :use_minor => false,
        :show => true,  # show or hide the axis? (useful for linked subplots)
    )

-    attr = Attr(explicit, _axis_defaults_byletter[letter])
+    # get defaults from letter version, unless match
+    for (k,v) in _axis_defaults
+        lk = Symbol(letter, k)
+        lv = _axis_defaults_byletter[lk]
+        plotattributes[k] = (lv == :match ? v : lv)
+    end
+
+    # merge!(plotattributes, _axis_defaults)
+    plotattributes[:discrete_values] = []

    # update the defaults
-    attr!(Axis([sp], attr), args...; kw...)
+    attr!(Axis([sp], plotattributes), args...; kw...)
 end

 function get_axis(sp::Subplot, letter::Symbol)
@@ -32,7 +41,7 @@ function get_axis(sp::Subplot, letter::Symbol)
    end::Axis
 end

-function process_axis_arg!(plotattributes::AKW, arg, letter = "")
+function process_axis_arg!(plotattributes::KW, arg, letter = "")
    T = typeof(arg)
    arg = get(_scaleAliases, arg, arg)

@@ -58,7 +67,7 @@ function process_axis_arg!(plotattributes::AKW, arg, letter = "")
    elseif T <: AVec
        plotattributes[Symbol(letter,:ticks)] = arg

-    elseif arg === nothing
+    elseif arg == nothing
        plotattributes[Symbol(letter,:ticks)] = []

    elseif T <: Bool || arg in _allShowaxisArgs
@@ -108,7 +117,7 @@ end

 # -------------------------------------------------------------------------

-Base.show(io::IO, axis::Axis) = dumpdict(io, axis.plotattributes, "Axis", true)
+Base.show(io::IO, axis::Axis) = dumpdict(axis.plotattributes, "Axis", true)
 # Base.getindex(axis::Axis, k::Symbol) = getindex(axis.plotattributes, k)
 Base.setindex!(axis::Axis, v, ks::Symbol...) = setindex!(axis.plotattributes, v, ks...)
 Base.haskey(axis::Axis, k::Symbol) = haskey(axis.plotattributes, k)
@@ -143,8 +152,8 @@ scalefunc(scale::Symbol) = x -> get(_scale_funcs, scale, identity)(Float64(x))
 invscalefunc(scale::Symbol) = x -> get(_inv_scale_funcs, scale, identity)(Float64(x))
 labelfunc(scale::Symbol, backend::AbstractBackend) = get(_label_func, scale, string)

-function optimal_ticks_and_labels(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis, ticks = nothing)
-    amin, amax = axis_limits(sp, axis[:letter])
+function optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis::Axis, ticks = nothing)
+    amin,amax = axis_limits(axis)

    # scale the limits
    scale = axis[:scale]
@@ -157,7 +166,7 @@ function optimal_ticks_and_labels(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis, ticks = nothing)
    # or DateTime) is chosen based on the time span between amin and amax
    # rather than on the input format
    # TODO: maybe: non-trivial scale (:ln, :log2, :log10) for date/datetime
-    if ticks === nothing && scale == :identity
+    if ticks == nothing && scale == :identity
        if axis[:formatter] == dateformatter
            # optimize_datetime_ticks returns ticks and labels(!) based on
            # integers/floats corresponding to the DateTime type. Thus, the axes
@@ -175,7 +184,7 @@ function optimal_ticks_and_labels(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis, ticks = nothing)
    end

    # get a list of well-laid-out ticks
-    if ticks === nothing
+    if ticks == nothing
        scaled_ticks = optimize_ticks(
            sf(amin),
            sf(amax);
@@ -209,8 +218,6 @@ function optimal_ticks_and_labels(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis, ticks = nothing)
            map(labelfunc(scale, backend()), Showoff.showoff(scaled_ticks, :plain))
        elseif formatter == :scientific
            Showoff.showoff(unscaled_ticks, :scientific)
-	elseif formatter == :latex
-	    map(x -> string("\$", replace(convert_sci_unicode(x), '×' => "\\times"), "\$"), Showoff.showoff(unscaled_ticks, :auto))
        else
            # there was an override for the formatter... use that on the unscaled ticks
            map(formatter, unscaled_ticks)
@@ -231,9 +238,9 @@ function optimal_ticks_and_labels(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis, ticks = nothing)
 end

 # return (continuous_values, discrete_values) for the ticks on this axis
-function get_ticks(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis)
+function get_ticks(axis::Axis)
    ticks = _transform_ticks(axis[:ticks])
-    ticks in (:none, nothing, false) && return nothing
+    ticks in (nothing, false) && return nothing

    # treat :native ticks as :auto
    ticks = ticks == :native ? :auto : ticks
@@ -244,7 +251,7 @@ function get_ticks(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis)
            # discrete ticks...
            n = length(dvals)
            rng = if ticks == :auto
-                Int[round(Int,i) for i in range(1, stop=n, length=min(n,15))]
+                Int[round(Int,i) for i in range(1, stop=n, length=15)]
            else # if ticks == :all
                1:n
            end
@@ -254,7 +261,7 @@ function get_ticks(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis)
            (collect(0:pi/4:7pi/4), string.(0:45:315))
        else
            # compute optimal ticks and labels
-            optimal_ticks_and_labels(sp, axis)
+            optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis)
        end
    elseif typeof(ticks) <: Union{AVec, Int}
        if !isempty(dvals) && typeof(ticks) <: Int
@@ -262,7 +269,7 @@ function get_ticks(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis)
            axis[:continuous_values][rng], dvals[rng]
        else
            # override ticks, but get the labels
-            optimal_ticks_and_labels(sp, axis, ticks)
+            optimal_ticks_and_labels(axis, ticks)
        end
    elseif typeof(ticks) <: NTuple{2, Any}
        # assuming we're passed (ticks, labels)
@@ -279,16 +286,16 @@ _transform_ticks(ticks) = ticks
 _transform_ticks(ticks::AbstractArray{T}) where T <: Dates.TimeType = Dates.value.(ticks)
 _transform_ticks(ticks::NTuple{2, Any}) = (_transform_ticks(ticks[1]), ticks[2])

-function get_minor_ticks(sp, axis, ticks)
-    axis[:minorticks] in (:none, nothing, false) && !axis[:minorgrid] && return nothing
+function get_minor_ticks(axis,ticks)
+    axis[:minorticks] in (nothing, false) && !axis[:minorgrid] && return nothing
    ticks = ticks[1]
    length(ticks) < 2 && return nothing

-    amin, amax = axis_limits(sp, axis[:letter])
+    amin, amax = axis_limits(axis)
    #Add one phantom tick either side of the ticks to ensure minor ticks extend to the axis limits
    if length(ticks) > 2
        ratio = (ticks[3] - ticks[2])/(ticks[2] - ticks[1])
-    elseif axis[:scale] in (:none, :identity)
+    elseif axis[:scale] == :none
        ratio = 1
    else
        return nothing
@@ -302,9 +309,7 @@ function get_minor_ticks(sp, axis, ticks)
    minorticks = typeof(ticks[1])[]
    for (i,hi) in enumerate(ticks[2:end])
        lo = ticks[i]
-        if isfinite(lo) && hi > lo
-            append!(minorticks,collect(lo + (hi-lo)/n :(hi-lo)/n: hi - (hi-lo)/2n))
-        end
+        append!(minorticks,collect(lo + (hi-lo)/n :(hi-lo)/n: hi - (hi-lo)/2n))
    end
    minorticks[amin .<= minorticks .<= amax]
 end
@@ -352,7 +357,7 @@ function expand_extrema!(axis::Axis, v::AVec{N}) where N<:Number
 end


-function expand_extrema!(sp::Subplot, plotattributes::AKW)
+function expand_extrema!(sp::Subplot, plotattributes::KW)
    vert = isvertical(plotattributes)

    # first expand for the data
@@ -377,7 +382,7 @@ function expand_extrema!(sp::Subplot, plotattributes::AKW)
                data = plotattributes[letter] = Surface(Matrix{Float64}(data.surf))
            end
            expand_extrema!(axis, data)
-        elseif data !== nothing
+        elseif data != nothing
            # TODO: need more here... gotta track the discrete reference value
            #       as well as any coord offset (think of boxplot shape coords... they all
            #       correspond to the same x-value)
@@ -394,10 +399,10 @@ function expand_extrema!(sp::Subplot, plotattributes::AKW)

    # expand for fillrange
    fr = plotattributes[:fillrange]
-    if fr === nothing && plotattributes[:seriestype] == :bar
+    if fr == nothing && plotattributes[:seriestype] == :bar
        fr = 0.0
    end
-    if fr !== nothing && !all3D(plotattributes)
+    if fr != nothing && !all3D(plotattributes)
        axis = sp.attr[vert ? :yaxis : :xaxis]
        if typeof(fr) <: Tuple
            for fri in fr
@@ -414,7 +419,7 @@ function expand_extrema!(sp::Subplot, plotattributes::AKW)
        data = plotattributes[dsym]

        bw = plotattributes[:bar_width]
-        if bw === nothing
+        if bw == nothing
            bw = plotattributes[:bar_width] = _bar_width * ignorenan_minimum(filter(x->x>0,diff(sort(data))))
        end
        axis = sp.attr[Symbol(dsym, :axis)]
@@ -474,13 +479,11 @@ function round_limits(amin,amax)
 end

 # using the axis extrema and limit overrides, return the min/max value for this axis
-function axis_limits(sp, letter, should_widen = default_should_widen(sp[Symbol(letter, :axis)]), consider_aspect = true)
-    axis = sp[Symbol(letter, :axis)]
+function axis_limits(axis::Axis, should_widen::Bool = default_should_widen(axis))
    ex = axis[:extrema]
    amin, amax = ex.emin, ex.emax
    lims = axis[:lims]
-    has_user_lims = (isa(lims, Tuple) || isa(lims, AVec)) && length(lims) == 2
-    if has_user_lims
+    if (isa(lims, Tuple) || isa(lims, AVec)) && length(lims) == 2
        if isfinite(lims[1])
            amin = lims[1]
        end
@@ -494,12 +497,12 @@ function axis_limits(sp, letter, should_widen = default_should_widen(sp[Symbol(l
    if !isfinite(amin) && !isfinite(amax)
        amin, amax = 0.0, 1.0
    end
-    amin, amax = if ispolar(axis.sps[1])
+    if ispolar(axis.sps[1])
        if axis[:letter] == :x
            amin, amax = 0, 2pi
        elseif lims == :auto
            #widen max radius so ticks dont overlap with theta axis
-            0, amax + 0.1 * abs(amax - amin)
+            amin, amax + 0.1 * abs(amax - amin)
        else
            amin, amax
        end
@@ -510,32 +513,6 @@ function axis_limits(sp, letter, should_widen = default_should_widen(sp[Symbol(l
    else
        amin, amax
    end
-
-    if !has_user_lims && consider_aspect && letter in (:x, :y) && !(sp[:aspect_ratio] in (:none, :auto) || is3d(:sp))
-        aspect_ratio = isa(sp[:aspect_ratio], Number) ? sp[:aspect_ratio] : 1
-        plot_ratio = height(plotarea(sp)) / width(plotarea(sp))
-        dist = amax - amin
-
-        if letter == :x
-            yamin, yamax = axis_limits(sp, :y, default_should_widen(sp[:yaxis]), false)
-            ydist = yamax - yamin
-            axis_ratio = aspect_ratio * ydist / dist
-            factor = axis_ratio / plot_ratio
-        else
-            xamin, xamax = axis_limits(sp, :x, default_should_widen(sp[:xaxis]), false)
-            xdist = xamax - xamin
-            axis_ratio = aspect_ratio * dist / xdist
-            factor = plot_ratio / axis_ratio
-        end
-
-        if factor > 1
-            center = (amin + amax) / 2
-            amin = center + factor * (amin - center)
-            amax = center + factor * (amax - center)
-        end
-    end
-
-    return amin, amax
 end

 # -------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -568,10 +545,10 @@ end

 # add the discrete value for each item.  return the continuous values and the indices
 function discrete_value!(axis::Axis, v::AVec)
-    n = eachindex(v)
-    cvec = zeros(axes(v))
-    discrete_indices = similar(Array{Int}, axes(v))
-    for i in n
+    n = length(v)
+    cvec = zeros(n)
+    discrete_indices = zeros(Int, n)
+    for i=1:n
        cvec[i], discrete_indices[i] = discrete_value!(axis, v[i])
    end
    cvec, discrete_indices
@@ -579,10 +556,10 @@ end

 # add the discrete value for each item.  return the continuous values and the indices
 function discrete_value!(axis::Axis, v::AMat)
-    n,m = axes(v)
-    cmat = zeros(axes(v))
-    discrete_indices = similar(Array{Int}, axes(v))
-    for i in n, j in m
+    n,m = size(v)
+    cmat = zeros(n,m)
+    discrete_indices = zeros(Int, n, m)
+    for i=1:n, j=1:m
        cmat[i,j], discrete_indices[i,j] = discrete_value!(axis, v[i,j])
    end
    cmat, discrete_indices
@@ -609,12 +586,12 @@ end
 # compute the line segments which should be drawn for this axis
 function axis_drawing_info(sp::Subplot)
    xaxis, yaxis = sp[:xaxis], sp[:yaxis]
-    xmin, xmax = axis_limits(sp, :x)
-    ymin, ymax = axis_limits(sp, :y)
-    xticks = get_ticks(sp, xaxis)
-    yticks = get_ticks(sp, yaxis)
-    xminorticks = get_minor_ticks(sp, xaxis, xticks)
-    yminorticks = get_minor_ticks(sp, yaxis, yticks)
+    xmin, xmax = axis_limits(xaxis)
+    ymin, ymax = axis_limits(yaxis)
+    xticks = get_ticks(xaxis)
+    yticks = get_ticks(yaxis)
+    xminorticks = get_minor_ticks(xaxis,xticks)
+    yminorticks = get_minor_ticks(yaxis,yticks)
    xaxis_segs = Segments(2)
    yaxis_segs = Segments(2)
    xtick_segs = Segments(2)
@@ -628,370 +605,126 @@ function axis_drawing_info(sp::Subplot)

    if sp[:framestyle] != :none
        # xaxis
-        y1, y2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-            0.0, 0.0
-        else
-            xor(xaxis[:mirror], yaxis[:flip]) ? (ymax, ymin) : (ymin, ymax)
-        end
        if xaxis[:showaxis]
            if sp[:framestyle] != :grid
+                y1, y2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+                    0.0, 0.0
+                else
+                    xor(xaxis[:mirror], yaxis[:flip]) ? (ymax, ymin) : (ymin, ymax)
+                end
                push!(xaxis_segs, (xmin, y1), (xmax, y1))
                # don't show the 0 tick label for the origin framestyle
-                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(xticks in (:none, nothing, false)) && length(xticks) > 1
+                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(xticks in (nothing,false)) && length(xticks) > 1
                    showticks = xticks[1] .!= 0
                    xticks = (xticks[1][showticks], xticks[2][showticks])
                end
            end
            sp[:framestyle] in (:semi, :box) && push!(xborder_segs, (xmin, y2), (xmax, y2)) # top spine
        end
-        if !(xaxis[:ticks] in (:none, nothing, false))
+        if !(xaxis[:ticks] in (nothing, false))
            f = scalefunc(yaxis[:scale])
            invf = invscalefunc(yaxis[:scale])
-            tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                t = invf(f(0) + 0.012 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)))
-                (-t, t)
-            else
-                ticks_in = xaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
-                t = invf(f(y1) + 0.012 * (f(y2) - f(y1)) * ticks_in)
-                (y1, t)
-            end
+            ticks_in = xaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
+            t1 = invf(f(ymin) + 0.015 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)
+            t2 = invf(f(ymax) - 0.015 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)
+            t3 = invf(f(0) + 0.015 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)

            for xtick in xticks[1]
                if xaxis[:showaxis]
+                    tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                        (0, t3)
+                    else
+                        xor(xaxis[:mirror], yaxis[:flip]) ? (ymax, t2) : (ymin, t1)
+                    end
                    push!(xtick_segs, (xtick, tick_start), (xtick, tick_stop)) # bottom tick
                end
+                # sp[:draw_axes_border] && push!(xaxis_segs, (xtick, ymax), (xtick, t2)) # top tick
                xaxis[:grid] && push!(xgrid_segs, (xtick, ymin), (xtick, ymax)) # vertical grid
            end
+        end
+        if !(xaxis[:minorticks] in (nothing, false)) || xaxis[:minorgrid]
+            f = scalefunc(yaxis[:scale])
+            invf = invscalefunc(yaxis[:scale])
+            ticks_in = xaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
+            t1 = invf(f(ymin) + 0.01 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)
+            t2 = invf(f(ymax) - 0.01 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)
+            t3 = invf(f(0) + 0.01 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)) * ticks_in)

-            if !(xaxis[:minorticks] in (:none, nothing, false)) || xaxis[:minorgrid]
-                tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                    t = invf(f(0) + 0.006 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)))
-                    (-t, t)
-                else
-                    t = invf(f(y1) + 0.006 * (f(y2) - f(y1)) * ticks_in)
-                    (y1, t)
-                end
-                for xtick in xminorticks
-                    if xaxis[:showaxis]
-                        push!(xtick_segs, (xtick, tick_start), (xtick, tick_stop)) # bottom tick
+            for xminortick in xminorticks
+                if xaxis[:showaxis]
+                    tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                        (0, t3)
+                    else
+                        xor(xaxis[:mirror], yaxis[:flip]) ? (ymax, t2) : (ymin, t1)
                    end
-                    xaxis[:minorgrid] && push!(xminorgrid_segs, (xtick, ymin), (xtick, ymax)) # vertical grid
+                    push!(xtick_segs, (xminortick, tick_start), (xminortick, tick_stop)) # bottom tick
                end
+                # sp[:draw_axes_border] && push!(xaxis_segs, (xtick, ymax), (xtick, t2)) # top tick
+                xaxis[:minorgrid] && push!(xminorgrid_segs, (xminortick, ymin), (xminortick, ymax)) # vertical grid
            end
        end


        # yaxis
-        x1, x2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-            0.0, 0.0
-        else
-            xor(yaxis[:mirror], xaxis[:flip]) ? (xmax, xmin) : (xmin, xmax)
-        end
        if yaxis[:showaxis]
            if sp[:framestyle] != :grid
+                x1, x2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
+                    0.0, 0.0
+                else
+                    xor(yaxis[:mirror], xaxis[:flip]) ? (xmax, xmin) : (xmin, xmax)
+                end
                push!(yaxis_segs, (x1, ymin), (x1, ymax))
                # don't show the 0 tick label for the origin framestyle
-                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(yticks in (:none, nothing,false)) && length(yticks) > 1
+                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(yticks in (nothing,false)) && length(yticks) > 1
                    showticks = yticks[1] .!= 0
                    yticks = (yticks[1][showticks], yticks[2][showticks])
                end
            end
            sp[:framestyle] in (:semi, :box) && push!(yborder_segs, (x2, ymin), (x2, ymax)) # right spine
        end
-        if !(yaxis[:ticks] in (:none, nothing, false))
+        if !(yaxis[:ticks] in (nothing, false))
            f = scalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
            invf = invscalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
-            tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                t = invf(f(0) + 0.012 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)))
-                (-t, t)
-            else
-                ticks_in = yaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
-                t = invf(f(x1) + 0.012 * (f(x2) - f(x1)) * ticks_in)
-                (x1, t)
-            end
+            ticks_in = yaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
+            t1 = invf(f(xmin) + 0.015 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)
+            t2 = invf(f(xmax) - 0.015 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)
+            t3 = invf(f(0) + 0.015 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)

            for ytick in yticks[1]
                if yaxis[:showaxis]
+                    tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                        (0, t3)
+                    else
+                        xor(yaxis[:mirror], xaxis[:flip]) ? (xmax, t2) : (xmin, t1)
+                    end
                    push!(ytick_segs, (tick_start, ytick), (tick_stop, ytick)) # left tick
                end
+                # sp[:draw_axes_border] && push!(yaxis_segs, (xmax, ytick), (t2, ytick)) # right tick
                yaxis[:grid] && push!(ygrid_segs, (xmin, ytick), (xmax, ytick)) # horizontal grid
            end
+        end
+        if !(yaxis[:minorticks] in (nothing, false)) || yaxis[:minorgrid]
+            f = scalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
+            invf = invscalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
+            ticks_in = yaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
+            t1 = invf(f(xmin) + 0.01 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)
+            t2 = invf(f(xmax) - 0.01 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)
+            t3 = invf(f(0) + 0.01 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)) * ticks_in)

-            if !(yaxis[:minorticks] in (:none, nothing, false)) || yaxis[:minorgrid]
-                tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                    t = invf(f(0) + 0.006 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)))
-                    (-t, t)
-                else
-                    t = invf(f(x1) + 0.006 * (f(x2) - f(x1)) * ticks_in)
-                    (x1, t)
-                end
-                for ytick in yminorticks
-                    if yaxis[:showaxis]
-                        push!(ytick_segs, (tick_start, ytick), (tick_stop, ytick)) # left tick
+            for ytick in yminorticks
+                if yaxis[:showaxis]
+                    tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
+                        (0, t3)
+                    else
+                        xor(yaxis[:mirror], xaxis[:flip]) ? (xmax, t2) : (xmin, t1)
                    end
-                    yaxis[:minorgrid] && push!(yminorgrid_segs, (xmin, ytick), (xmax, ytick)) # horizontal grid
+                    push!(ytick_segs, (tick_start, ytick), (tick_stop, ytick)) # left tick
                end
+                # sp[:draw_axes_border] && push!(yaxis_segs, (xmax, ytick), (t2, ytick)) # right tick
+                yaxis[:minorgrid] && push!(yminorgrid_segs, (xmin, ytick), (xmax, ytick)) # horizontal grid
            end
        end
    end

    xticks, yticks, xaxis_segs, yaxis_segs, xtick_segs, ytick_segs, xgrid_segs, ygrid_segs, xminorgrid_segs, yminorgrid_segs, xborder_segs, yborder_segs
 end
-
-
-function axis_drawing_info_3d(sp::Subplot)
-    xaxis, yaxis, zaxis = sp[:xaxis], sp[:yaxis], sp[:zaxis]
-    xmin, xmax = axis_limits(sp, :x)
-    ymin, ymax = axis_limits(sp, :y)
-    zmin, zmax = axis_limits(sp, :z)
-    xticks = get_ticks(sp, xaxis)
-    yticks = get_ticks(sp, yaxis)
-    zticks = get_ticks(sp, zaxis)
-    xminorticks = get_minor_ticks(sp, xaxis, xticks)
-    yminorticks = get_minor_ticks(sp, yaxis, yticks)
-    zminorticks = get_minor_ticks(sp, zaxis, zticks)
-    xaxis_segs = Segments(3)
-    yaxis_segs = Segments(3)
-    zaxis_segs = Segments(3)
-    xtick_segs = Segments(3)
-    ytick_segs = Segments(3)
-    ztick_segs = Segments(3)
-    xgrid_segs = Segments(3)
-    ygrid_segs = Segments(3)
-    zgrid_segs = Segments(3)
-    xminorgrid_segs = Segments(3)
-    yminorgrid_segs = Segments(3)
-    zminorgrid_segs = Segments(3)
-    xborder_segs = Segments(3)
-    yborder_segs = Segments(3)
-    zborder_segs = Segments(3)
-
-    if sp[:framestyle] != :none
-
-        # xaxis
-        y1, y2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-            0.0, 0.0
-        else
-            xor(xaxis[:mirror], yaxis[:flip]) ? (ymax, ymin) : (ymin, ymax)
-        end
-        z1, z2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-            0.0, 0.0
-        else
-            xor(xaxis[:mirror], zaxis[:flip]) ? (zmax, zmin) : (zmin, zmax)
-        end
-        if xaxis[:showaxis]
-            if sp[:framestyle] != :grid
-                push!(xaxis_segs, (xmin, y1, z1), (xmax, y1, z1))
-                # don't show the 0 tick label for the origin framestyle
-                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(xticks in (:none, nothing, false)) && length(xticks) > 1
-                    showticks = xticks[1] .!= 0
-                    xticks = (xticks[1][showticks], xticks[2][showticks])
-                end
-            end
-            sp[:framestyle] in (:semi, :box) && push!(xborder_segs, (xmin, y2, z2), (xmax, y2, z2)) # top spine
-        end
-        if !(xaxis[:ticks] in (:none, nothing, false))
-            f = scalefunc(yaxis[:scale])
-            invf = invscalefunc(yaxis[:scale])
-            tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                t = invf(f(0) + 0.012 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)))
-                (-t, t)
-            else
-                ticks_in = xaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
-                t = invf(f(y1) + 0.012 * (f(y2) - f(y1)) * ticks_in)
-                (y1, t)
-            end
-
-            for xtick in xticks[1]
-                if xaxis[:showaxis]
-                    push!(xtick_segs, (xtick, tick_start, z1), (xtick, tick_stop, z1)) # bottom tick
-                end
-                if xaxis[:grid]
-                    if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-                        push!(xgrid_segs, (xtick, ymin, 0.0), (xtick, ymax, 0.0))
-                        push!(xgrid_segs, (xtick, 0.0, zmin), (xtick, 0.0, zmax))
-                    else
-                        push!(xgrid_segs, (xtick, y1, z1), (xtick, y2, z1))
-                        push!(xgrid_segs, (xtick, y2, z1), (xtick, y2, z2))
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-
-            if !(xaxis[:minorticks] in (:none, nothing, false)) || xaxis[:minorgrid]
-                tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                    t = invf(f(0) + 0.006 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)))
-                    (-t, t)
-                else
-                    t = invf(f(y1) + 0.006 * (f(y2) - f(y1)) * ticks_in)
-                    (y1, t)
-                end
-                for xtick in xminorticks
-                    if xaxis[:showaxis]
-                        push!(xtick_segs, (xtick, tick_start, z1), (xtick, tick_stop, z1)) # bottom tick
-                    end
-                    if xaxis[:minorgrid]
-                        if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-                            push!(xminorgrid_segs, (xtick, ymin, 0.0), (xtick, ymax, 0.0))
-                            push!(xminorgrid_segs, (xtick, 0.0, zmin), (xtick, 0.0, zmax))
-                        else
-                            push!(xminorgrid_segs, (xtick, y1, z1), (xtick, y2, z1))
-                            push!(xminorgrid_segs, (xtick, y2, z1), (xtick, y2, z2))
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-        end
-
-
-        # yaxis
-        x1, x2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-            0.0, 0.0
-        else
-            xor(yaxis[:mirror], xaxis[:flip]) ? (xmin, xmax) : (xmax, xmin)
-        end
-        z1, z2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-            0.0, 0.0
-        else
-            xor(yaxis[:mirror], zaxis[:flip]) ? (zmax, zmin) : (zmin, zmax)
-        end
-        if yaxis[:showaxis]
-            if sp[:framestyle] != :grid
-                push!(yaxis_segs, (x1, ymin, z1), (x1, ymax, z1))
-                # don't show the 0 tick label for the origin framestyle
-                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(yticks in (:none, nothing,false)) && length(yticks) > 1
-                    showticks = yticks[1] .!= 0
-                    yticks = (yticks[1][showticks], yticks[2][showticks])
-                end
-            end
-            sp[:framestyle] in (:semi, :box) && push!(yborder_segs, (x2, ymin, z2), (x2, ymax, z2)) # right spine
-        end
-        if !(yaxis[:ticks] in (:none, nothing, false))
-            f = scalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
-            invf = invscalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
-            tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                t = invf(f(0) + 0.012 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)))
-                (-t, t)
-            else
-                ticks_in = yaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
-                t = invf(f(x1) + 0.012 * (f(x2) - f(x1)) * ticks_in)
-                (x1, t)
-            end
-
-            for ytick in yticks[1]
-                if yaxis[:showaxis]
-                    push!(ytick_segs, (tick_start, ytick, z1), (tick_stop, ytick, z1)) # left tick
-                end
-                if yaxis[:grid]
-                    if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-                        push!(ygrid_segs, (xmin, ytick, 0.0), (xmax, ytick, 0.0))
-                        push!(ygrid_segs, (0.0, ytick, zmin), (0.0, ytick, zmax))
-                    else
-                        push!(ygrid_segs, (x1, ytick, z1), (x2, ytick, z1))
-                        push!(ygrid_segs, (x2, ytick, z1), (x2, ytick, z2))
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-
-            if !(yaxis[:minorticks] in (:none, nothing, false)) || yaxis[:minorgrid]
-                tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                    t = invf(f(0) + 0.006 * (f(xmax) - f(xmin)))
-                    (-t, t)
-                else
-                    t = invf(f(x1) + 0.006 * (f(x2) - f(x1)) * ticks_in)
-                    (x1, t)
-                end
-                for ytick in yminorticks
-                    if yaxis[:showaxis]
-                        push!(ytick_segs, (tick_start, ytick, z1), (tick_stop, ytick, z1)) # left tick
-                    end
-                    if yaxis[:minorgrid]
-                        if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-                            push!(yminorgrid_segs, (xmin, ytick, 0.0), (xmax, ytick, 0.0))
-                            push!(yminorgrid_segs, (0.0, ytick, zmin), (0.0, ytick, zmax))
-                        else
-                            push!(yminorgrid_segs, (x1, ytick, z1), (x2, ytick, z1))
-                            push!(yminorgrid_segs, (x2, ytick, z1), (x2, ytick, z2))
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-        end
-
-
-        # zaxis
-        x1, x2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-            0.0, 0.0
-        else
-            xor(zaxis[:mirror], xaxis[:flip]) ? (xmax, xmin) : (xmin, xmax)
-        end
-        y1, y2 = if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-            0.0, 0.0
-        else
-            xor(zaxis[:mirror], yaxis[:flip]) ? (ymax, ymin) : (ymin, ymax)
-        end
-        if zaxis[:showaxis]
-            if sp[:framestyle] != :grid
-                push!(zaxis_segs, (x1, y1, zmin), (x1, y1, zmax))
-                # don't show the 0 tick label for the origin framestyle
-                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && !(zticks in (:none, nothing,false)) && length(zticks) > 1
-                    showticks = zticks[1] .!= 0
-                    zticks = (zticks[1][showticks], zticks[2][showticks])
-                end
-            end
-            sp[:framestyle] in (:semi, :box) && push!(zborder_segs, (x2, y2, zmin), (x2, y2, zmax))
-        end
-        if !(zaxis[:ticks] in (:none, nothing, false))
-            f = scalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
-            invf = invscalefunc(xaxis[:scale])
-            tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                t = invf(f(0) + 0.012 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)))
-                (-t, t)
-            else
-                ticks_in = zaxis[:tick_direction] == :out ? -1 : 1
-                t = invf(f(y1) + 0.012 * (f(y2) - f(y1)) * ticks_in)
-                (y1, t)
-            end
-
-            for ztick in zticks[1]
-                if zaxis[:showaxis]
-                    push!(ztick_segs, (x1, tick_start, ztick), (x1, tick_stop, ztick)) # left tick
-                end
-                if zaxis[:grid]
-                    if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-                        push!(zgrid_segs, (xmin, 0.0, ztick), (xmax, 0.0, ztick))
-                        push!(ygrid_segs, (0.0, ymin, ztick), (0.0, ymax, ztick))
-                    else
-                        push!(ygrid_segs, (x1, y1, ztick), (x1, y2, ztick))
-                        push!(ygrid_segs, (x1, y2, ztick), (x2, y2, ztick))
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-
-            if !(zaxis[:minorticks] in (:none, nothing, false)) || zaxis[:minorgrid]
-                tick_start, tick_stop = if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                    t = invf(f(0) + 0.006 * (f(ymax) - f(ymin)))
-                    (-t, t)
-                else
-                    t = invf(f(y1) + 0.006 * (f(y2) - f(y1)) * ticks_in)
-                    (y1, t)
-                end
-                for ztick in zminorticks
-                    if zaxis[:showaxis]
-                        push!(ztick_segs, (x1, tick_start, ztick), (x1, tick_stop, ztick)) # left tick
-                    end
-                    if zaxis[:minorgrid]
-                        if sp[:framestyle] in (:origin, :zerolines)
-                            push!(zminorgrid_segs, (xmin, 0.0, ztick), (xmax, 0.0, ztick))
-                            push!(zminorgrid_segs, (0.0, ymin, ztick), (0.0, ymax, ztick))
-                        else
-                            push!(zminorgrid_segs, (x1, y1, ztick), (x1, y2, ztick))
-                            push!(zminorgrid_segs, (x1, y2, ztick), (x2, y2, ztick))
-                        end
-                    end
-                end
-            end
-        end
-    end
-
-    xticks, yticks, zticks, xaxis_segs, yaxis_segs, zaxis_segs, xtick_segs, ytick_segs, ztick_segs, xgrid_segs, ygrid_segs, zgrid_segs, xminorgrid_segs, yminorgrid_segs, zminorgrid_segs, xborder_segs, yborder_segs, zborder_segs
-end
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ macro init_backend(s)
        _backendType[Symbol($str)] = $T
        _backendSymbol[$T] = Symbol($str)
        _backend_packages[Symbol($str)] = Symbol($package_str)
+        # include("backends/" * $str * ".jl")
    end)
 end

@@ -74,9 +75,9 @@ end
 text_size(lab::AbstractString, sz::Number, rot::Number = 0) = text_size(length(lab), sz, rot)

 # account for the size/length/rotation of tick labels
-function tick_padding(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis)
-    ticks = get_ticks(sp, axis)
-    if ticks === nothing
+function tick_padding(axis::Axis)
+    ticks = get_ticks(axis)
+    if ticks == nothing
        0mm
    else
        vals, labs = ticks
@@ -105,10 +106,10 @@ end
 # to fit ticks, tick labels, guides, colorbars, etc.
 function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot)
    # TODO: something different when `is3d(sp) == true`
-    leftpad   = tick_padding(sp, sp[:yaxis]) + sp[:left_margin]   + guide_padding(sp[:yaxis])
+    leftpad   = tick_padding(sp[:yaxis]) + sp[:left_margin]   + guide_padding(sp[:yaxis])
    toppad    = sp[:top_margin]    + title_padding(sp)
    rightpad  = sp[:right_margin]
-    bottompad = tick_padding(sp, sp[:xaxis]) + sp[:bottom_margin] + guide_padding(sp[:xaxis])
+    bottompad = tick_padding(sp[:xaxis]) + sp[:bottom_margin] + guide_padding(sp[:xaxis])

    # switch them?
    if sp[:xaxis][:mirror]
@@ -142,7 +143,12 @@ function _pick_default_backend()
    if env_default != ""
        sym = Symbol(lowercase(env_default))
        if sym in _backends
-            backend(sym)
+            if sym in _initialized_backends
+                backend(sym)
+            else
+                @warn("You have set `PLOTS_DEFAULT_BACKEND=$env_default` but `$(backend_package_name(sym))` is not loaded.")
+                _fallback_default_backend()
+            end
        else
            @warn("You have set PLOTS_DEFAULT_BACKEND=$env_default but it is not a valid backend package.  Choose from:\n\t" *
                 join(sort(_backends), "\n\t"))
@@ -228,7 +234,7 @@ const _base_supported_args = [
    :subplot_index,
    :discrete_values,
    :projection,
-    :show_empty_bins
+
 ]

 function merge_with_base_supported(v::AVec)
@@ -251,7 +257,6 @@ end
@init_backend PlotlyJS
@init_backend GR
@init_backend PGFPlots
-@init_backend PGFPlotsX
@init_backend InspectDR
@init_backend HDF5

@@ -296,6 +301,9 @@ end

 _initialize_backend(pkg::GRBackend) = nothing

+_initialize_backend(pkg::PlotlyBackend) = nothing
+
+
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # gr

@@ -324,7 +332,7 @@ const _gr_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :guidefontfamily, :guidefontsize, :guidefonthalign, :guidefontvalign,
    :guidefontrotation, :guidefontcolor,
    :grid, :gridalpha, :gridstyle, :gridlinewidth,
-    :legend, :legendtitle, :colorbar, :colorbar_title, :colorbar_entry,
+    :legend, :legendtitle, :colorbar, :colorbar_title,
    :fill_z, :line_z, :marker_z, :levels,
    :ribbon, :quiver,
    :orientation,
@@ -343,7 +351,7 @@ const _gr_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
 const _gr_seriestype = [
    :path, :scatter, :straightline,
    :heatmap, :pie, :image,
-    :contour, :path3d, :scatter3d, :surface, :wireframe, :volume,
+    :contour, :path3d, :scatter3d, :surface, :wireframe,
    :shape
 ]
 const _gr_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
@@ -354,16 +362,6 @@ is_marker_supported(::GRBackend, shape::Shape) = true
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # plotly

-function _initialize_backend(pkg::PlotlyBackend)
-    try
-        @eval Main begin
-            import ORCA
-        end
-    catch
-        @info "For saving to png with the Plotly backend ORCA has to be installed."
-    end
-end
-
 const _plotly_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :annotations,
    :background_color_legend, :background_color_inside, :background_color_outside,
@@ -388,7 +386,7 @@ const _plotly_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :guide, :lims, :ticks, :scale, :flip, :rotation,
    :tickfont, :guidefont, :legendfont,
    :grid, :gridalpha, :gridlinewidth,
-    :legend, :colorbar, :colorbar_title, :colorbar_entry,
+    :legend, :colorbar, :colorbar_title,
    :marker_z, :fill_z, :line_z, :levels,
    :ribbon, :quiver,
    :orientation,
@@ -419,8 +417,6 @@ const _plotly_marker = [
 ]
 const _plotly_scale = [:identity, :log10]

-defaultOutputFormat(plt::Plot{Plots.PlotlyBackend}) = "html"
-
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # pgfplots

@@ -461,7 +457,7 @@ const _pgfplots_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
 ])
 const _pgfplots_seriestype = [:path, :path3d, :scatter, :steppre, :stepmid, :steppost, :histogram2d, :ysticks, :xsticks, :contour, :shape, :straightline,]
 const _pgfplots_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
-const _pgfplots_marker = [:none, :auto, :circle, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5, :pentagon, :hline, :vline] #vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
+const _pgfplots_marker = [:none, :auto, :circle, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5, :pentagon, :hline] #vcat(_allMarkers, Shape)
 const _pgfplots_scale = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]

 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -513,7 +509,7 @@ const _pyplot_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :tickfontfamily, :tickfontsize, :tickfontcolor,
    :guidefontfamily, :guidefontsize, :guidefontcolor,
    :grid, :gridalpha, :gridstyle, :gridlinewidth,
-    :legend, :legendtitle, :colorbar, :colorbar_title, :colorbar_entry,
+    :legend, :legendtitle, :colorbar,
    :marker_z, :line_z, :fill_z,
    :levels,
    :ribbon, :quiver, :arrow,
@@ -526,6 +522,7 @@ const _pyplot_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
    :clims,
    :inset_subplots,
    :dpi,
+    :colorbar_title,
    :stride,
    :framestyle,
    :tick_direction,
@@ -668,57 +665,3 @@ const _inspectdr_marker = Symbol[
 ]

 const _inspectdr_scale = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# pgfplotsx
-
-const _pgfplotsx_attr = merge_with_base_supported([
-    :annotations,
-    :background_color_legend, :background_color_inside, :background_color_outside,
-    :foreground_color_legend, :foreground_color_grid, :foreground_color_axis,
-    :foreground_color_text, :foreground_color_border,
-    :label,
-    :seriescolor, :seriesalpha,
-    :linecolor, :linestyle, :linewidth, :linealpha,
-    :markershape, :markercolor, :markersize, :markeralpha,
-    :markerstrokewidth, :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha,
-    :fillrange, :fillcolor, :fillalpha,
-    :bins,
-    :layout,
-    :title, :window_title,
-    :guide, :lims, :ticks, :scale, :flip,
-    :match_dimensions,
-    :titlefontfamily, :titlefontsize, :titlefonthalign, :titlefontvalign,
-    :titlefontrotation, :titlefontcolor,
-    :legendfontfamily, :legendfontsize, :legendfonthalign, :legendfontvalign,
-    :legendfontrotation, :legendfontcolor,
-    :tickfontfamily, :tickfontsize, :tickfonthalign, :tickfontvalign,
-    :tickfontrotation, :tickfontcolor,
-    :guidefontfamily, :guidefontsize, :guidefonthalign, :guidefontvalign,
-    :guidefontrotation, :guidefontcolor,
-    :grid, :gridalpha, :gridstyle, :gridlinewidth,
-    :legend, :legendtitle, :colorbar, :colorbar_title, :colorbar_entry,
-    :fill_z, :line_z, :marker_z, :levels,
-    :ribbon, :quiver,
-    :orientation,
-    :overwrite_figure,
-    :polar,
-    :aspect_ratio,
-    :normalize, :weights,
-    :inset_subplots,
-    :bar_width,
-    :arrow,
-    :framestyle,
-    :tick_direction,
-    :camera,
-    :contour_labels,
-])
-const _pgfplotsx_seriestype =
-        [:path,  :scatter, :straightline,
-        :path3d, :scatter3d, :surface, :wireframe,
-        :heatmap, :contour, :contour3d,
-        :shape,
-        :steppre, :stepmid, :steppost,  :ysticks, :xsticks]
-const _pgfplotsx_style = [:auto, :solid, :dash, :dot, :dashdot, :dashdotdot]
-const _pgfplotsx_marker = [:none, :auto, :circle, :rect, :diamond, :utriangle, :dtriangle, :ltriangle, :rtriangle, :cross, :xcross, :star5, :pentagon, :hline, :vline, Shape]
-const _pgfplotsx_scale = [:identity, :ln, :log2, :log10]
-is_marker_supported(::PGFPlotsXBackend, shape::Shape) = true
@@ -121,9 +121,9 @@ function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{InspectDRBackend})
    gplot = _inspectdr_getgui(plt.o)

    #:overwrite_figure: want to reuse current figure
-    if plt[:overwrite_figure] && mplot !== nothing
+    if plt[:overwrite_figure] && mplot != nothing
        mplot.subplots = [] #Reset
-        if gplot !== nothing #Ensure still references current plot
+        if gplot != nothing #Ensure still references current plot
            gplot.src = mplot
        end
    else #want new one:
@@ -294,8 +294,8 @@ function _inspectdr_setupsubplot(sp::Subplot{InspectDRBackend})

        plot.xscale = _inspectdr_getscale(xaxis[:scale], false)
        strip.yscale = _inspectdr_getscale(yaxis[:scale], true)
-        xmin, xmax  = axis_limits(sp, :x)
-        ymin, ymax  = axis_limits(sp, :y)
+        xmin, xmax  = axis_limits(xaxis)
+        ymin, ymax  = axis_limits(yaxis)
        if ispolar(sp)
            #Plots.jl appears to give (xmin,xmax) ≜ (Θmin,Θmax) & (ymin,ymax) ≜ (rmin,rmax)
            rmax = NaNMath.max(abs(ymin), abs(ymax))
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-function plotlybase_syncplot(plt::Plot)
-    plt.o = ORCA.PlotlyBase.Plot()
-    traces = ORCA.PlotlyBase.GenericTrace[]
-    for series_dict in plotly_series(plt)
-        plotly_type = pop!(series_dict, :type)
-        push!(traces, ORCA.PlotlyBase.GenericTrace(plotly_type; series_dict...))
-    end
-    ORCA.PlotlyBase.addtraces!(plt.o, traces...)
-    layout = plotly_layout(plt)
-    w, h = plt[:size]
-    ORCA.PlotlyBase.relayout!(plt.o, layout, width = w, height = h)
-    return plt.o
-end
-
-const _orca_mimeformats = Dict(
-    "application/pdf" => "pdf",
-    "image/png"       => "png",
-    "image/svg+xml"   => "svg",
-    "image/eps"       => "eps",
-)
-
-for (mime, fmt) in _orca_mimeformats
-    @eval _show(io::IO, ::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}) = ORCA.PlotlyBase.savefig(io, plotlybase_syncplot(plt), format = $fmt)
-end
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ const _pgfplots_markers = KW(
    :star6 => "asterisk",
    :diamond => "diamond*",
    :pentagon => "pentagon*",
-    :hline => "-",
-    :vline => "|"
+    :hline => "-"
 )

 const _pgfplots_legend_pos = KW(
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ pgf_thickness_scaling(series) = pgf_thickness_scaling(series[:subplot])
 function pgf_fillstyle(plotattributes, i = 1)
    cstr,a = pgf_color(get_fillcolor(plotattributes, i))
    fa = get_fillalpha(plotattributes, i)
-    if fa !== nothing
+    if fa != nothing
        a = fa
    end
    "fill = $cstr, fill opacity=$a"
@@ -128,18 +127,16 @@ function pgf_marker(plotattributes, i = 1)
    shape = _cycle(plotattributes[:markershape], i)
    cstr, a = pgf_color(plot_color(get_markercolor(plotattributes, i), get_markeralpha(plotattributes, i)))
    cstr_stroke, a_stroke = pgf_color(plot_color(get_markerstrokecolor(plotattributes, i), get_markerstrokealpha(plotattributes, i)))
-    return string(
-        "mark = $(get(_pgfplots_markers, shape, "*")),\n",
-        "mark size = $(pgf_thickness_scaling(plotattributes) * 0.5 * _cycle(plotattributes[:markersize], i)),\n",
-        plotattributes[:seriestype] == :scatter ? "only marks,\n" : "",
-        "mark options = {
-            color = $cstr_stroke, draw opacity = $a_stroke,
-            fill = $cstr, fill opacity = $a,
-            line width = $(pgf_thickness_scaling(plotattributes) * _cycle(plotattributes[:markerstrokewidth], i)),
-            rotate = $(shape == :dtriangle ? 180 : 0),
-            $(get(_pgfplots_linestyles, _cycle(plotattributes[:markerstrokestyle], i), "solid"))
-        }"
-        )
+    """
+    mark = $(get(_pgfplots_markers, shape, "*")),
+    mark size = $(pgf_thickness_scaling(plotattributes) * 0.5 * _cycle(plotattributes[:markersize], i)),
+    mark options = {
+        color = $cstr_stroke, draw opacity = $a_stroke,
+        fill = $cstr, fill opacity = $a,
+        line width = $(pgf_thickness_scaling(plotattributes) * _cycle(plotattributes[:markerstrokewidth], i)),
+        rotate = $(shape == :dtriangle ? 180 : 0),
+        $(get(_pgfplots_linestyles, _cycle(plotattributes[:markerstrokestyle], i), "solid"))
+    }"""
 end

 function pgf_add_annotation!(o, x, y, val, thickness_scaling = 1)
@@ -173,18 +170,18 @@ function pgf_series(sp::Subplot, series::Series)
    elseif st == :shape
        shape_data(series)
    elseif ispolar(sp)
-        theta, r = plotattributes[:x], plotattributes[:y]
+        theta, r = filter_radial_data(plotattributes[:x], plotattributes[:y], axis_limits(sp[:yaxis]))
        rad2deg.(theta), r
    else
        plotattributes[:x], plotattributes[:y]
    end

    # PGFPlots can't handle non-Vector?
-    # args = map(a -> if typeof(a) <: AbstractVector && typeof(a) != Vector
-    #         collect(a)
-    #     else
-    #         a
-    #     end, args)
+    args = map(a -> if typeof(a) <: AbstractVector && typeof(a) != Vector
+            collect(a)
+        else
+            a
+        end, args)

    if st in (:contour, :histogram2d)
        style = []
@@ -218,12 +215,12 @@ function pgf_series(sp::Subplot, series::Series)

            # add to legend?
            if i == 1 && sp[:legend] != :none && should_add_to_legend(series)
-                if plotattributes[:fillrange] !== nothing
+                if plotattributes[:fillrange] != nothing
                    push!(style, "forget plot")
                    push!(series_collection, pgf_fill_legend_hack(plotattributes, args))
                else
                    kw[:legendentry] = plotattributes[:label]
-                    if st == :shape # || plotattributes[:fillrange] !== nothing
+                    if st == :shape # || plotattributes[:fillrange] != nothing
                        push!(style, "area legend")
                    end
                end
@@ -240,7 +237,7 @@ function pgf_series(sp::Subplot, series::Series)
            kw[:style] = join(style, ',')

            # add fillrange
-            if series[:fillrange] !== nothing && st != :shape
+            if series[:fillrange] != nothing && st != :shape
                push!(series_collection, pgf_fillrange_series(series, i, _cycle(series[:fillrange], rng), seg_args...))
            end

@@ -363,13 +360,13 @@ function pgf_axis(sp::Subplot, letter)
    # limits
    # TODO: support zlims
    if letter != :z
-        lims = ispolar(sp) && letter == :x ? rad2deg.(axis_limits(sp, :x)) : axis_limits(sp, letter)
+        lims = ispolar(sp) && letter == :x ? rad2deg.(axis_limits(axis)) : axis_limits(axis)
        kw[Symbol(letter,:min)] = lims[1]
        kw[Symbol(letter,:max)] = lims[2]
    end

    if !(axis[:ticks] in (nothing, false, :none, :native)) && framestyle != :none
-        ticks = get_ticks(sp, axis)
+        ticks = get_ticks(axis)
        #pgf plot ignores ticks with angle below 90 when xmin = 90 so shift values
        tick_values = ispolar(sp) && letter == :x ? [rad2deg.(ticks[1])[3:end]..., 360, 405] : ticks[1]
        push!(style, string(letter, "tick = {", join(tick_values,","), "}"))
@@ -401,12 +398,8 @@ function pgf_axis(sp::Subplot, letter)
    # framestyle
    if framestyle in (:axes, :origin)
        axispos = framestyle == :axes ? "left" : "middle"
-        if axis[:draw_arrow]
-            push!(style, string("axis ", letter, " line = ", axispos))
-        else
-            # the * after line disables the arrow at the axis
-            push!(style, string("axis ", letter, " line* = ", axispos))
-        end
+        # the * after lines disables the arrows at the axes
+        push!(style, string("axis lines* = ", axispos))
    end

    if framestyle == :zerolines
@@ -478,18 +471,8 @@ function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
        if haskey(_pgfplots_legend_pos, legpos)
            kw[:legendPos] = _pgfplots_legend_pos[legpos]
        end
-        cstr, bg_alpha = pgf_color(plot_color(sp[:background_color_legend]))
-        fg_alpha = alpha(plot_color(sp[:foreground_color_legend]))
-
-        push!(style, string(
-            "legend style = {", 
-                pgf_linestyle(pgf_thickness_scaling(sp), sp[:foreground_color_legend], fg_alpha, "solid", ), ",", 
-                "fill = $cstr,", 
-                "fill opacity = $bg_alpha,", 
-                "text opacity = $(alpha(plot_color(sp[:legendfontcolor]))),", 
-                "font = ", pgf_font(sp[:legendfontsize], pgf_thickness_scaling(sp)), 
-            "}",
-        ))
+        cstr, a = pgf_color(plot_color(sp[:background_color_legend]))
+        push!(style, string("legend style = {", pgf_linestyle(pgf_thickness_scaling(sp), sp[:foreground_color_legend], 1.0, "solid"), ",", "fill = $cstr,", "font = ", pgf_font(sp[:legendfontsize], pgf_thickness_scaling(sp)), "}"))

        if any(s[:seriestype] == :contour for s in series_list(sp))
            kw[:view] = "{0}{90}"
@@ -580,7 +563,7 @@ end

 function _show(io::IO, mime::MIME"application/x-tex", plt::Plot{PGFPlotsBackend})
    fn = tempname()*".tex"
-    PGFPlots.save(fn, backend_object(plt), include_preamble=plt.attr[:tex_output_standalone])
+    PGFPlots.save(fn, backend_object(plt), include_preamble=false)
    write(io, read(open(fn), String))
 end

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ const plotly_remote_file_path = "https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-latest.min.js"
 # end
 using UUIDs

+push!(_initialized_backends, :plotly)
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

 const _plotly_legend_pos = KW(
@@ -113,8 +114,8 @@ function plotly_apply_aspect_ratio(sp::Subplot, plotarea, pcts)
        if aspect_ratio == :equal
            aspect_ratio = 1.0
        end
-        xmin,xmax = axis_limits(sp, :x)
-        ymin,ymax = axis_limits(sp, :y)
+        xmin,xmax = axis_limits(sp[:xaxis])
+        ymin,ymax = axis_limits(sp[:yaxis])
        want_ratio = ((xmax-xmin) / (ymax-ymin)) / aspect_ratio
        parea_ratio = width(plotarea) / height(plotarea)
        if want_ratio > parea_ratio
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ function plotly_axis(plt::Plot, axis::Axis, sp::Subplot)

    ax[:tickangle] = -axis[:rotation]
    ax[:type] = plotly_scale(axis[:scale])
-    lims = axis_limits(sp, letter)
+    lims = axis_limits(axis)

    if axis[:ticks] != :native || axis[:lims] != :auto
        ax[:range] = map(scalefunc(axis[:scale]), lims)
@@ -185,9 +186,14 @@ function plotly_axis(plt::Plot, axis::Axis, sp::Subplot)
        ax[:tickcolor] = framestyle in (:zerolines, :grid) || !axis[:showaxis] ? rgba_string(invisible()) : rgb_string(axis[:foreground_color_axis])
        ax[:linecolor] = rgba_string(axis[:foreground_color_axis])

+        # flip
+        if axis[:flip]
+            ax[:range] = reverse(ax[:range])
+        end
+
        # ticks
        if axis[:ticks] != :native
-            ticks = get_ticks(sp, axis)
+            ticks = get_ticks(axis)
            ttype = ticksType(ticks)
            if ttype == :ticks
                ax[:tickmode] = "array"
@@ -202,24 +208,20 @@ function plotly_axis(plt::Plot, axis::Axis, sp::Subplot)
        ax[:showgrid] = false
    end

-    # flip
-    if axis[:flip]
-        ax[:range] = reverse(ax[:range])
-    end

    ax
 end

-function plotly_polaraxis(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis)
+function plotly_polaraxis(axis::Axis)
    ax = KW(
        :visible => axis[:showaxis],
        :showline => axis[:grid],
    )

    if axis[:letter] == :x
-        ax[:range] = rad2deg.(axis_limits(sp, :x))
+        ax[:range] = rad2deg.(axis_limits(axis))
    else
-        ax[:range] = axis_limits(sp, :y)
+        ax[:range] = axis_limits(axis)
        ax[:orientation] = -90
    end

@@ -282,8 +284,8 @@ function plotly_layout(plt::Plot)
                ),
            )
        elseif ispolar(sp)
-            plotattributes_out[Symbol("angularaxis$(spidx)")] = plotly_polaraxis(sp, sp[:xaxis])
-            plotattributes_out[Symbol("radialaxis$(spidx)")] = plotly_polaraxis(sp, sp[:yaxis])
+            plotattributes_out[Symbol("angularaxis$(spidx)")] = plotly_polaraxis(sp[:xaxis])
+            plotattributes_out[Symbol("radialaxis$(spidx)")] = plotly_polaraxis(sp[:yaxis])
        else
            plotattributes_out[Symbol("xaxis$(x_idx)")] = plotly_axis(plt, sp[:xaxis], sp)
            # don't allow yaxis to be reupdated/reanchored in a linked subplot
@@ -346,14 +348,14 @@ function plotly_layout(plt::Plot)
 end

 function plotly_layout_json(plt::Plot)
-    JSON.json(plotly_layout(plt), 4)
+    JSON.json(plotly_layout(plt))
 end


 function plotly_colorscale(grad::ColorGradient, α)
-    [[grad.values[i], rgba_string(plot_color(grad.colors[i], α))] for i in eachindex(grad.colors)]
+    [[grad.values[i], rgba_string(plot_color(grad.colors[i], α))] for i in 1:length(grad.colors)]
 end
-plotly_colorscale(c::Colorant,α) = plotly_colorscale(_as_gradient(c),α)
+plotly_colorscale(c, α) = plotly_colorscale(cgrad(alpha=α), α)
 function plotly_colorscale(c::AbstractVector{<:RGBA}, α)
    if length(c) == 1
        return [[0.0, rgba_string(plot_color(c[1], α))], [1.0, rgba_string(plot_color(c[1], α))]]
@@ -392,7 +394,7 @@ end
 # we split by NaNs and then construct/destruct the shapes to get the closed coords
 function plotly_close_shapes(x, y)
    xs, ys = nansplit(x), nansplit(y)
-    for i=eachindex(xs)
+    for i=1:length(xs)
        shape = Shape(xs[i], ys[i])
        xs[i], ys[i] = coords(shape)
    end
@@ -402,7 +404,7 @@ end
 function plotly_data(series::Series, letter::Symbol, data)
    axis = series[:subplot][Symbol(letter, :axis)]

-    data = if axis[:ticks] == :native && data !== nothing
+    data = if axis[:ticks] == :native && data != nothing
        plotly_native_data(axis, data)
    else
       data
@@ -414,8 +416,7 @@ function plotly_data(series::Series, letter::Symbol, data)
        plotly_data(data)
    end
 end
-plotly_data(v) = v !== nothing ? collect(v) : v
-plotly_data(v::AbstractArray) = v
+plotly_data(v) = v != nothing ? collect(v) : v
 plotly_data(surf::Surface) = surf.surf
 plotly_data(v::AbstractArray{R}) where {R<:Rational} = float(v)

@@ -436,7 +437,7 @@ plotly_native_data(axis::Axis, a::Surface) = Surface(plotly_native_data(axis, a.

 function plotly_convert_to_datetime(x::AbstractArray, formatter::Function)
    if formatter == datetimeformatter
-        map(xi -> replace(formatter(xi), "T" => " "), x)
+        map(xi -> replace(formatter(xi), "T", " "), x)
    elseif formatter == dateformatter
        map(xi -> string(formatter(xi), " 00:00:00"), x)
    elseif formatter == timeformatter
@@ -454,7 +455,7 @@ function plotly_series(plt::Plot, series::Series)
    st = series[:seriestype]

    sp = series[:subplot]
-    clims = get_clims(sp, series)
+    clims = get_clims(sp)

    if st == :shape
        return plotly_series_shapes(plt, series, clims)
@@ -469,7 +470,7 @@ function plotly_series(plt::Plot, series::Series)
    plotattributes_out[:showlegend] = should_add_to_legend(series)

    if st == :straightline
-        x, y = straightline_data(series, 100)
+        x, y = straightline_data(series)
        z = series[:z]
    else
        x, y, z  = series[:x], series[:y], series[:z]
@@ -506,13 +507,13 @@ function plotly_series(plt::Plot, series::Series)
        plotattributes_out[:showscale] = hascolorbar(sp)

    elseif st == :contour
-        filled = isfilledcontour(series)
        plotattributes_out[:type] = "contour"
        plotattributes_out[:x], plotattributes_out[:y], plotattributes_out[:z] = x, y, z
-        plotattributes_out[:ncontours] = series[:levels] + 2
-        plotattributes_out[:contours] = KW(:coloring => filled ? "fill" : "lines", :showlabels => series[:contour_labels] == true)
+        # plotattributes_out[:showscale] = series[:colorbar] != :none
+        plotattributes_out[:ncontours] = series[:levels]
+        plotattributes_out[:contours] = KW(:coloring => series[:fillrange] != nothing ? "fill" : "lines", :showlabels => series[:contour_labels] == true)
        plotattributes_out[:colorscale] = plotly_colorscale(series[:linecolor], series[:linealpha])
-        plotattributes_out[:showscale] = hascolorbar(sp) && hascolorbar(series)
+        plotattributes_out[:showscale] = hascolorbar(sp)

    elseif st in (:surface, :wireframe)
        plotattributes_out[:type] = "surface"
@@ -529,7 +530,7 @@ function plotly_series(plt::Plot, series::Series)
        else
            plotattributes_out[:colorscale] = plotly_colorscale(series[:fillcolor], series[:fillalpha])
            plotattributes_out[:opacity] = series[:fillalpha]
-            if series[:fill_z] !== nothing
+            if series[:fill_z] != nothing
                plotattributes_out[:surfacecolor] = plotly_surface_data(series, series[:fill_z])
            end
            plotattributes_out[:showscale] = hascolorbar(sp)
@@ -584,7 +585,7 @@ function plotly_series_shapes(plt::Plot, series::Series, clims)
    )

    x, y = (plotly_data(series, letter, data)
-        for (letter, data) in zip((:x, :y), shape_data(series, 100))
+        for (letter, data) in zip((:x, :y), shape_data(series))
    )

    for (i,rng) in enumerate(segments)
@@ -611,11 +612,11 @@ function plotly_series_shapes(plt::Plot, series::Series, clims)
        plotly_hover!(plotattributes_out, _cycle(series[:hover], i))
        plotattributes_outs[i] = plotattributes_out
    end
-    if series[:fill_z] !== nothing
+    if series[:fill_z] != nothing
        push!(plotattributes_outs, plotly_colorbar_hack(series, plotattributes_base, :fill))
-    elseif series[:line_z] !== nothing
+    elseif series[:line_z] != nothing
        push!(plotattributes_outs, plotly_colorbar_hack(series, plotattributes_base, :line))
-    elseif series[:marker_z] !== nothing
+    elseif series[:marker_z] != nothing
        push!(plotattributes_outs, plotly_colorbar_hack(series, plotattributes_base, :marker))
    end
    plotattributes_outs
@@ -631,9 +632,11 @@ function plotly_series_segments(series::Series, plotattributes_base::KW, x, y, z
        (isa(series[:fillrange], AbstractVector) || isa(series[:fillrange], Tuple))

    segments = iter_segments(series)
-    plotattributes_outs = fill(KW(), (hasfillrange ? 2 : 1 ) * length(segments))
+    plotattributes_outs = Vector{KW}(undef, (hasfillrange ? 2 : 1 ) * length(segments))

    for (i,rng) in enumerate(segments)
+        !isscatter && length(rng) < 2 && continue
+
        plotattributes_out = deepcopy(plotattributes_base)
        plotattributes_out[:showlegend] = i==1 ? should_add_to_legend(series) : false
        plotattributes_out[:legendgroup] = series[:label]
@@ -733,11 +736,11 @@ function plotly_series_segments(series::Series, plotattributes_base::KW, x, y, z
        end
    end

-    if series[:line_z] !== nothing
+    if series[:line_z] != nothing
        push!(plotattributes_outs, plotly_colorbar_hack(series, plotattributes_base, :line))
-    elseif series[:fill_z] !== nothing
+    elseif series[:fill_z] != nothing
        push!(plotattributes_outs, plotly_colorbar_hack(series, plotattributes_base, :fill))
-    elseif series[:marker_z] !== nothing
+    elseif series[:marker_z] != nothing
        push!(plotattributes_outs, plotly_colorbar_hack(series, plotattributes_base, :marker))
    end

@@ -772,7 +775,7 @@ end
 function plotly_polar!(plotattributes_out::KW, series::Series)
    # convert polar plots x/y to theta/radius
    if ispolar(series[:subplot])
-        theta, r = pop!(plotattributes_out, :x), pop!(plotattributes_out, :y)
+        theta, r = filter_radial_data(pop!(plotattributes_out, :x), pop!(plotattributes_out, :y), axis_limits(series[:subplot][:yaxis]))
        plotattributes_out[:t] = rad2deg.(theta)
        plotattributes_out[:r] = r
    end
@@ -780,9 +783,9 @@ end

 function plotly_hover!(plotattributes_out::KW, hover)
    # hover text
-    if hover === nothing || all(in([:none, false]), hover)
+    if hover in (:none, false)
        plotattributes_out[:hoverinfo] = "none"
-    elseif any(!isnothing, hover)
+    elseif hover != nothing
        plotattributes_out[:hoverinfo] = "text"
        plotattributes_out[:text] = hover
    end
@@ -798,16 +801,13 @@ function plotly_series(plt::Plot)
 end

 # get json string for a list of dictionaries, each representing the series params
-plotly_series_json(plt::Plot) = JSON.json(plotly_series(plt), 4)
+plotly_series_json(plt::Plot) = JSON.json(plotly_series(plt))

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-html_head(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}) = plotly_html_head(plt)
-html_body(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}) = plotly_html_body(plt)
-
 const ijulia_initialized = Ref(false)

-function plotly_html_head(plt::Plot)
+function html_head(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
    local_file = ("file://" * plotly_local_file_path)
    plotly = use_local_dependencies[] ? local_file : plotly_remote_file_path
    if isijulia() && !ijulia_initialized[]
@@ -823,11 +823,13 @@ function plotly_html_head(plt::Plot)
        """)
        ijulia_initialized[] = true
    end
+    # IJulia just needs one initialization
+    isijulia() && return ""
    return "<script src=$(repr(plotly))></script>"
 end

-function plotly_html_body(plt, style = nothing)
-    if style === nothing
+function html_body(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}, style = nothing)
+    if style == nothing
        w, h = plt[:size]
        style = "width:$(w)px;height:$(h)px;"
    end
@@ -842,36 +844,21 @@ function plotly_html_body(plt, style = nothing)
    html
 end

-function js_body(plt::Plot, uuid)
+function js_body(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}, uuid)
    js = """
        PLOT = document.getElementById('$(uuid)');
        Plotly.plot(PLOT, $(plotly_series_json(plt)), $(plotly_layout_json(plt)));
    """
 end

-function plotly_show_js(io::IO, plot::Plot)
-    data = []
-    for series in plot.series_list
-        append!(data, plotly_series(plot, series))
-    end
-    layout = plotly_layout(plot)
-    JSON.print(io, Dict(:data => data, :layout => layout))
-end

 # ----------------------------------------------------------------

-Base.showable(::MIME"application/prs.juno.plotpane+html", plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend}) = true
-
-function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"application/vnd.plotly.v1+json", plot::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
-    plotly_show_js(io, plot)
-end
-

 function _show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
-    write(io, standalone_html(plt))
+    write(io, html_head(plt) * html_body(plt))
 end

-
 function _display(plt::Plot{PlotlyBackend})
    standalone_html_window(plt)
 end
@@ -1,44 +1,73 @@
 # https://github.com/sglyon/PlotlyJS.jl

-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-function plotlyjs_syncplot(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
-    plt[:overwrite_figure] && closeall()
-    plt.o = PlotlyJS.plot()
-    traces = PlotlyJS.GenericTrace[]
-    for series_dict in plotly_series(plt)
-        plotly_type = pop!(series_dict, :type)
-        push!(traces, PlotlyJS.GenericTrace(plotly_type; series_dict...))
+
+function _create_backend_figure(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+    if !isplotnull() && plt[:overwrite_figure] && isa(current().o, PlotlyJS.SyncPlot)
+        PlotlyJS.SyncPlot(PlotlyJS.Plot(), options = current().o.options)
+    else
+        PlotlyJS.plot()
    end
-    PlotlyJS.addtraces!(plt.o, traces...)
-    layout = plotly_layout(plt)
-    w, h = plt[:size]
-    PlotlyJS.relayout!(plt.o, layout, width = w, height = h)
-    return plt.o
 end

-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-const _plotlyjs_mimeformats = Dict(
-    "application/pdf" => "pdf",
-    "image/png"       => "png",
-    "image/svg+xml"   => "svg",
-    "image/eps"       => "eps",
-)
-
-for (mime, fmt) in _plotlyjs_mimeformats
-    @eval _show(io::IO, ::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = PlotlyJS.savefig(io, plotlyjs_syncplot(plt), format = $fmt)
+function _series_added(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}, series::Series)
+    syncplot = plt.o
+    pdicts = plotly_series(plt, series)
+    for pdict in pdicts
+        typ = pop!(pdict, :type)
+        gt = PlotlyJS.GenericTrace(typ; pdict...)
+        PlotlyJS.addtraces!(syncplot, gt)
+    end
 end

-# Use the Plotly implementation for json and html:
-_show(io::IO, mime::MIME"application/vnd.plotly.v1+json", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotly_show_js(io, plt)
+function _series_updated(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}, series::Series)
+    xsym, ysym = (ispolar(series) ? (:t,:r) : (:x,:y))
+    kw = KW(xsym => (series.plotattributes[:x],), ysym => (series.plotattributes[:y],))
+    z = series[:z]
+    if z != nothing
+        kw[:z] = (isa(z,Surface) ? transpose_z(series, series[:z].surf, false) : z,)
+    end
+    PlotlyJS.restyle!(
+        plt.o,
+        findfirst(isequal(series), plt.series_list),
+        kw
+    )
+end

-html_head(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotly_html_head(plt)
-html_body(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = plotly_html_body(plt)

-_show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = write(io, standalone_html(plt))
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------

-_display(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = display(plotlyjs_syncplot(plt))
+function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+    pdict = plotly_layout(plt)
+    syncplot = plt.o
+    w,h = plt[:size]
+    PlotlyJS.relayout!(syncplot, pdict, width = w, height = h)
+end
+
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_show(io::IO, ::MIME"text/html", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = show(io, MIME("text/html"), plt.o)
+_show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/svg+xml", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = PlotlyJS.savefig(io, plt.o, format="svg")
+_show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/png", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = PlotlyJS.savefig(io, plt.o, format="png")
+_show(io::IO, ::MIME"application/pdf", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = PlotlyJS.savefig(io, plt.o, format="pdf")
+_show(io::IO, ::MIME"image/eps", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = PlotlyJS.savefig(io, plt.o, format="eps")
+
+function write_temp_html(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+    filename = string(tempname(), ".html")
+    savefig(plt, filename)
+    filename
+end
+
+function _display(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
+    if get(ENV, "PLOTS_USE_ATOM_PLOTPANE", true) in (true, 1, "1", "true", "yes")
+        display(plt.o)
+    else
+        standalone_html_window(plt)
+    end
+end

@require WebIO = "0f1e0344-ec1d-5b48-a673-e5cf874b6c29" begin
    function WebIO.render(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend})
@@ -52,5 +81,3 @@ function closeall(::PlotlyJSBackend)
        close(current().o)
    end
 end
-
-Base.showable(::MIME"application/prs.juno.plotpane+html", plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}) = true
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pyfont = PyPlot.pyimport("matplotlib.font_manager")
 pyticker = PyPlot.pyimport("matplotlib.ticker")
 pycmap = PyPlot.pyimport("matplotlib.cm")
 pynp = PyPlot.pyimport("numpy")
-pynp."seterr"(invalid="ignore")
+pynp["seterr"](invalid="ignore")
 pytransforms = PyPlot.pyimport("matplotlib.transforms")
 pycollections = PyPlot.pyimport("matplotlib.collections")
 pyart3d = PyPlot.art3D
@@ -34,11 +34,6 @@ else
    :set_facecolor
 end

-# PyCall API changes in v1.90.0
-if !isdefined(PyCall, :_setproperty!)
-    @warn "Plots no longer supports PyCall < 1.90.0 and PyPlot < 2.8.0. Either update PyCall and PyPlot or pin Plots to a version <= 0.23.2."
-end
-

 # # convert colorant to 4-tuple RGBA
 # py_color(c::Colorant, α=nothing) = map(f->float(f(convertColor(c,α))), (red, green, blue, alpha))
@@ -69,17 +64,17 @@ py_color(c::Colorant, α) = py_color(plot_color(c, α))

 function py_colormap(grad::ColorGradient)
    pyvals = [(z, py_color(grad[z])) for z in grad.values]
-    cm = pycolors."LinearSegmentedColormap"."from_list"("tmp", pyvals)
-    cm."set_bad"(color=(0,0,0,0.0), alpha=0.0)
+    cm = pycolors["LinearSegmentedColormap"][:from_list]("tmp", pyvals)
+    cm[:set_bad](color=(0,0,0,0.0), alpha=0.0)
    cm
 end
-py_colormap(c::Colorant) = py_colormap(_as_gradient(c))
+py_colormap(c) = py_colormap(cgrad())


 function py_shading(c, z)
    cmap = py_colormap(c)
-    ls = pycolors."LightSource"(270,45)
-    ls."shade"(z, cmap, vert_exag=0.1, blend_mode="soft")
+    ls = pycolors["LightSource"](270,45)
+    ls[:shade](z, cmap, vert_exag=0.1, blend_mode="soft")
 end

 # get the style (solid, dashed, etc)
@@ -102,7 +97,7 @@ function py_marker(marker::Shape)
        mat[i,2] = y[i]
    end
    mat[n+1,:] = mat[1,:]
-    pypath."Path"(mat)
+    pypath["Path"](mat)
 end

 const _path_MOVETO = UInt8(1)
@@ -187,7 +182,7 @@ end
 # end

 function get_locator_and_formatter(vals::AVec)
-    pyticker."FixedLocator"(eachindex(vals)), pyticker."FixedFormatter"(vals)
+    pyticker["FixedLocator"](1:length(vals)), pyticker["FixedFormatter"](vals)
 end

 function add_pyfixedformatter(cbar, vals::AVec)
@@ -209,22 +204,20 @@ end

 function py_mask_nans(z)
    # pynp["ma"][:masked_invalid](z)))
-    PyCall.pycall(pynp."ma"."masked_invalid", Any, z)
+    PyCall.pycall(pynp["ma"][:masked_invalid], Any, z)
    # pynp["ma"][:masked_where](pynp["isnan"](z),z)
 end

 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 function fix_xy_lengths!(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
-    if series[:x] !== nothing
-        x, y = series[:x], series[:y]
-        nx, ny = length(x), length(y)
-        if !isa(get(series.plotattributes, :z, nothing), Surface) && nx != ny
-            if nx < ny
-                series[:x] = Float64[x[mod1(i,nx)] for i=1:ny]
-            else
-                series[:y] = Float64[y[mod1(i,ny)] for i=1:nx]
-            end
+    x, y = series[:x], series[:y]
+    nx, ny = length(x), length(y)
+    if !isa(get(series.plotattributes, :z, nothing), Surface) && nx != ny
+        if nx < ny
+            series[:x] = Float64[x[mod1(i,nx)] for i=1:ny]
+        else
+            series[:y] = Float64[y[mod1(i,ny)] for i=1:nx]
        end
    end
 end
@@ -255,28 +248,26 @@ py_fillcolormap(series::Series)       = py_colormap(series[:fillcolor])
 # Figure utils -- F*** matplotlib for making me work so hard to figure this crap out

 # the drawing surface
-py_canvas(fig) = fig."canvas"
+py_canvas(fig) = fig[:canvas]

 # the object controlling draw commands
-py_renderer(fig) = py_canvas(fig)."get_renderer"()
+py_renderer(fig) = py_canvas(fig)[:get_renderer]()

 # draw commands... paint the screen (probably updating internals too)
-py_drawfig(fig) = fig."draw"(py_renderer(fig))
+py_drawfig(fig) = fig[:draw](py_renderer(fig))
 # py_drawax(ax) = ax[:draw](py_renderer(ax[:get_figure]()))

 # get a vector [left, right, bottom, top] in PyPlot coords (origin is bottom-left!)
-py_extents(obj) = obj."get_window_extent"()."get_points"()
+py_extents(obj) = obj[:get_window_extent]()[:get_points]()


 # compute a bounding box (with origin top-left), however pyplot gives coords with origin bottom-left
 function py_bbox(obj)
-    fl, fr, fb, ft = py_extents(obj."get_figure"())
+    fl, fr, fb, ft = py_extents(obj[:get_figure]())
    l, r, b, t = py_extents(obj)
    BoundingBox(l*px, (ft-t)*px, (r-l)*px, (t-b)*px)
 end

-py_bbox(::Nothing) = BoundingBox(0mm, 0mm)
-
 # get the bounding box of the union of the objects
 function py_bbox(v::AVec)
    bbox_union = defaultbox
@@ -288,13 +279,13 @@ end

 # bounding box: union of axis tick labels
 function py_bbox_ticks(ax, letter)
-    labels = getproperty(ax, Symbol("get_"*letter*"ticklabels"))()
+    labels = ax[Symbol("get_"*letter*"ticklabels")]()
    py_bbox(labels)
 end

 # bounding box: axis guide
 function py_bbox_axislabel(ax, letter)
-    pyaxis_label = getproperty(ax, Symbol("get_"*letter*"axis"))().label
+    pyaxis_label = ax[Symbol("get_"*letter*"axis")]()[:label]
    py_bbox(pyaxis_label)
 end

@@ -310,14 +301,11 @@ end
 function py_bbox_title(ax)
    bb = defaultbox
    for s in (:title, :_left_title, :_right_title)
-        bb = bb + py_bbox(getproperty(ax, s))
+        bb = bb + py_bbox(ax[s])
    end
    bb
 end

-# bounding box: legend
-py_bbox_legend(ax) = py_bbox(ax."get_legend"())
-
 function py_thickness_scale(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, ptsz)
    ptsz * plt[:thickness_scaling]
 end
@@ -351,7 +339,7 @@ function py_init_subplot(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, sp::Subplot{PyPlotBackend})
    proj = (proj in (nothing,:none) ? nothing : string(proj))

    # add a new axis, and force it to create a new one by setting a distinct label
-    ax = fig."add_axes"(
+    ax = fig[:add_axes](
        [0,0,1,1],
        label = string(gensym()),
        projection = proj
@@ -383,23 +371,11 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
    elseif st == :shape
        x, y = shape_data(series)
    end
-
-    if ispolar(series)
-        # make negative radii positive and flip the angle
-        # (PyPlot ignores negative radii)
-        for i in eachindex(y)
-            if y[i] < 0
-                y[i] = -y[i]
-                x[i] -= π
-            end
-        end
-    end
-
    xyargs = (st in _3dTypes ? (x,y,z) : (x,y))

    # handle zcolor and get c/cmap
    needs_colorbar = hascolorbar(sp)
-    vmin, vmax = clims = get_clims(sp, series)
+    vmin, vmax = clims = get_clims(sp)

    # Dict to store extra kwargs
    if st == :wireframe
@@ -434,7 +410,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
        if maximum(series[:linewidth]) > 0
            segments = iter_segments(series)
            # TODO: check LineCollection alternative for speed
-            # if length(segments) > 1 && (any(typeof(series[attr]) <: AbstractVector for attr in (:fillcolor, :fillalpha)) || series[:fill_z] !== nothing) && !(typeof(series[:linestyle]) <: AbstractVector)
+            # if length(segments) > 1 && (any(typeof(series[attr]) <: AbstractVector for attr in (:fillcolor, :fillalpha)) || series[:fill_z] != nothing) && !(typeof(series[:linestyle]) <: AbstractVector)
            #     # multicolored line segments
            #     n = length(segments)
            #     # segments = Array(Any,n)
@@ -464,10 +440,10 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
            #     push!(handles, handle)
            # else
                for (i, rng) in enumerate(iter_segments(series))
-                    handle = ax."plot"((arg[rng] for arg in xyargs)...;
+                    handle = ax[:plot]((arg[rng] for arg in xyargs)...;
                        label = i == 1 ? series[:label] : "",
                        zorder = series[:series_plotindex],
-                        color = py_color(single_color(get_linecolor(series, clims, i)), get_linealpha(series, i)),
+                        color = py_color(get_linecolor(series, clims, i), get_linealpha(series, i)),
                        linewidth = py_thickness_scale(plt, get_linewidth(series, i)),
                        linestyle = py_linestyle(st, get_linestyle(series, i)),
                        solid_capstyle = "round",
@@ -478,7 +454,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
            # end

            a = series[:arrow]
-            if a !== nothing && !is3d(st)  # TODO: handle 3d later
+            if a != nothing && !is3d(st)  # TODO: handle 3d later
                if typeof(a) != Arrow
                    @warn("Unexpected type for arrow: $(typeof(a))")
                else
@@ -492,7 +468,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
                        :linestyle => py_linestyle(st, get_linestyle(series)),
                    )
                    add_arrows(x, y) do xyprev, xy
-                        ax."annotate"("",
+                        ax[:annotate]("",
                            xytext = (0.001xyprev[1] + 0.999xy[1], 0.001xyprev[2] + 0.999xy[2]),
                            xy = xy,
                            arrowprops = arrowprops,
@@ -508,7 +484,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
    if series[:markershape] != :none && st in (:path, :scatter, :path3d,
                                          :scatter3d, :steppre, :steppost,
                                          :bar)
-        markercolor = if any(typeof(series[arg]) <: AVec for arg in (:markercolor, :markeralpha)) || series[:marker_z] !== nothing
+        markercolor = if any(typeof(series[arg]) <: AVec for arg in (:markercolor, :markeralpha)) || series[:marker_z] != nothing
            # py_color(plot_color.(get_markercolor.(series, clims, eachindex(x)), get_markeralpha.(series, eachindex(x))))
            [py_color(plot_color(get_markercolor(series, clims, i), get_markeralpha(series, i))) for i in eachindex(x)]
        else
@@ -535,10 +511,10 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
            shapes = series[:markershape]
            msc = py_markerstrokecolor(series)
            lw = py_thickness_scale(plt, series[:markerstrokewidth])
-            for i=eachindex(y)
+            for i=1:length(y)
                extrakw[:c] = _cycle(markercolor, i)

-                push!(handle, ax."scatter"(_cycle(x,i), _cycle(y,i);
+                push!(handle, ax[:scatter](_cycle(x,i), _cycle(y,i);
                    label = series[:label],
                    zorder = series[:series_plotindex] + 0.5,
                    marker = py_marker(_cycle(shapes,i)),
@@ -564,7 +540,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)

            delete!(extrakw, :c)

-            for i=eachindex(y)
+            for i=1:length(y)
                cur_marker = py_marker(_cycle(shapes,i))

                if ( cur_marker == prev_marker )
@@ -577,7 +553,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
                  continue
                end

-                push!(handle, ax."scatter"(cur_x_list, cur_y_list;
+                push!(handle, ax[:scatter](cur_x_list, cur_y_list;
                  label = series[:label],
                  zorder = series[:series_plotindex] + 0.5,
                  marker = prev_marker,
@@ -598,7 +574,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
            end

            if !isempty(cur_color_list)
-              push!(handle, ax."scatter"(cur_x_list, cur_y_list;
+              push!(handle, ax[:scatter](cur_x_list, cur_y_list;
                label = series[:label],
                zorder = series[:series_plotindex] + 0.5,
                marker = prev_marker,
@@ -613,7 +589,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
            push!(handles, handle)
        else
            # do a normal scatter plot
-            handle = ax."scatter"(xyargs...;
+            handle = ax[:scatter](xyargs...;
                label = series[:label],
                zorder = series[:series_plotindex] + 0.5,
                marker = py_marker(series[:markershape]),
@@ -627,7 +603,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
    end

    if st == :hexbin
-        handle = ax."hexbin"(x, y;
+        handle = ax[:hexbin](x, y;
            label = series[:label],
            zorder = series[:series_plotindex],
            gridsize = series[:bins],
@@ -659,7 +635,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
        end

        # contour lines
-        handle = ax."contour"(x, y, z, levelargs...;
+        handle = ax[:contour](x, y, z, levelargs...;
            label = series[:label],
            zorder = series[:series_plotindex],
            linewidths = py_thickness_scale(plt, series[:linewidth]),
@@ -667,13 +643,13 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
            extrakw...
        )
        if series[:contour_labels] == true
-            PyPlot."clabel"(handle, handle.levels)
+            PyPlot.clabel(handle, handle[:levels])
        end
        push!(handles, handle)

        # contour fills
-        if series[:fillrange] !== nothing
-            handle = ax."contourf"(x, y, z, levelargs...;
+        if series[:fillrange] != nothing
+            handle = ax[:contourf](x, y, z, levelargs...;
                label = series[:label],
                zorder = series[:series_plotindex] + 0.5,
                extrakw...
@@ -691,7 +667,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
            end
            z = transpose_z(series, z)
            if st == :surface
-                if series[:fill_z] !== nothing
+                if series[:fill_z] != nothing
                    # the surface colors are different than z-value
                    extrakw[:facecolors] = py_shading(series[:fillcolor], transpose_z(series, series[:fill_z].surf))
                    extrakw[:shade] = false
@@ -699,7 +675,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
                    extrakw[:cmap] = py_fillcolormap(series)
                end
            end
-            handle = getproperty(ax, st == :surface ? :plot_surface : :plot_wireframe)(x, y, z;
+            handle = ax[st == :surface ? :plot_surface : :plot_wireframe](x, y, z;
                label = series[:label],
                zorder = series[:series_plotindex],
                rstride = series[:stride][1],
@@ -714,7 +690,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
            if series[:contours]
                for (zdir,mat) in (("x",x), ("y",y), ("z",z))
                    offset = (zdir == "y" ? ignorenan_maximum : ignorenan_minimum)(mat)
-                    handle = ax."contourf"(x, y, z, levelargs...;
+                    handle = ax[:contourf](x, y, z, levelargs...;
                        zdir = zdir,
                        cmap = py_fillcolormap(series),
                        offset = (zdir == "y" ? ignorenan_maximum : ignorenan_minimum)(mat)  # where to draw the contour plane
@@ -726,7 +702,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)

        elseif typeof(z) <: AbstractVector
            # tri-surface plot (http://matplotlib.org/mpl_toolkits/mplot3d/tutorial.html#tri-surface-plots)
-            handle = ax."plot_trisurf"(x, y, z;
+            handle = ax[:plot_trisurf](x, y, z;
                label = series[:label],
                zorder = series[:series_plotindex],
                cmap = py_fillcolormap(series),
@@ -751,17 +727,17 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
        else
            z  # hopefully it's in a data format that will "just work" with imshow
        end
-        handle = ax."imshow"(z;
+        handle = ax[:imshow](z;
            zorder = series[:series_plotindex],
            cmap = py_colormap(cgrad([:black, :white])),
            vmin = 0.0,
            vmax = 1.0,
-            extent = (xmin-0.5, xmax+0.5, ymax+0.5, ymin-0.5)
+            extent = (xmin, xmax, ymax, ymin)
        )
        push!(handles, handle)

        # expand extrema... handle is AxesImage object
-        xmin, xmax, ymax, ymin = handle."get_extent"()
+        xmin, xmax, ymax, ymin = handle[:get_extent]()
        expand_extrema!(sp, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
        # sp[:yaxis].series[:flip] = true
    end
@@ -776,7 +752,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
            discrete_colorbar_values = dvals
        end

-        handle = ax."pcolormesh"(x, y, py_mask_nans(z);
+        handle = ax[:pcolormesh](x, y, py_mask_nans(z);
            label = series[:label],
            zorder = series[:series_plotindex],
            cmap = py_fillcolormap(series),
@@ -791,8 +767,8 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
        handle = []
        for (i, rng) in enumerate(iter_segments(series))
            if length(rng) > 1
-                path = pypath."Path"(hcat(x[rng], y[rng]))
-                patches = pypatches."PathPatch"(
+                path = pypath["Path"](hcat(x[rng], y[rng]))
+                patches = pypatches["PathPatch"](
                    path;
                    label = series[:label],
                    zorder = series[:series_plotindex],
@@ -802,14 +778,14 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
                    linestyle = py_linestyle(st, get_linestyle(series, i)),
                    fill = true
                )
-                push!(handle, ax."add_patch"(patches))
+                push!(handle, ax[:add_patch](patches))
            end
        end
        push!(handles, handle)
    end

    if st == :pie
-        handle = ax."pie"(y;
+        handle = ax[:pie](y;
            # colors = # a vector of colors?
            labels = pie_labels(sp, series)
        )[1]
@@ -830,7 +806,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)

    # handle area filling
    fillrange = series[:fillrange]
-    if fillrange !== nothing && st != :contour
+    if fillrange != nothing && st != :contour
        for (i, rng) in enumerate(iter_segments(series))
            f, dim1, dim2 = if isvertical(series)
                :fill_between, x[rng], y[rng]
@@ -844,7 +820,7 @@ function py_add_series(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}, series::Series)
                dim1, _cycle(fillrange[1], rng), _cycle(fillrange[2], rng)
            end

-            handle = getproperty(ax, f)(args..., trues(n), false, py_fillstepstyle(st);
+            handle = ax[f](args..., trues(n), false, py_fillstepstyle(st);
                zorder = series[:series_plotindex],
                facecolor = py_color(get_fillcolor(series, clims, i), get_fillalpha(series, i)),
                linewidths = 0
@@ -862,36 +838,36 @@ end

 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------

-function py_set_lims(ax, sp::Subplot, axis::Axis)
+function py_set_lims(ax, axis::Axis)
    letter = axis[:letter]
-    lfrom, lto = axis_limits(sp, letter)
-    getproperty(ax, Symbol("set_", letter, "lim"))(lfrom, lto)
+    lfrom, lto = axis_limits(axis)
+    ax[Symbol("set_", letter, "lim")](lfrom, lto)
 end

 function py_set_ticks(ax, ticks, letter)
    ticks == :auto && return
-    axis = getproperty(ax, Symbol(letter,"axis"))
-    if ticks == :none || ticks === nothing || ticks == false
+    axis = ax[Symbol(letter,"axis")]
+    if ticks == :none || ticks == nothing || ticks == false
        kw = KW()
        for dir in (:top,:bottom,:left,:right)
            kw[dir] = kw[Symbol(:label,dir)] = false
        end
-        axis."set_tick_params"(;which="both", kw...)
+        axis[:set_tick_params](;which="both", kw...)
        return
    end

    ttype = ticksType(ticks)
    if ttype == :ticks
-        axis."set_ticks"(ticks)
+        axis[:set_ticks](ticks)
    elseif ttype == :ticks_and_labels
-        axis."set_ticks"(ticks[1])
-        axis."set_ticklabels"(ticks[2])
+        axis[:set_ticks](ticks[1])
+        axis[:set_ticklabels](ticks[2])
    else
        error("Invalid input for $(letter)ticks: $ticks")
    end
 end

-function py_compute_axis_minval(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis)
+function py_compute_axis_minval(axis::Axis)
    # compute the smallest absolute value for the log scale's linear threshold
    minval = 1.0
    sps = axis.sps
@@ -905,17 +881,17 @@ function py_compute_axis_minval(sp::Subplot, axis::Axis)
    end

    # now if the axis limits go to a smaller abs value, use that instead
-    vmin, vmax = axis_limits(sp, axis[:letter])
+    vmin, vmax = axis_limits(axis)
    minval = NaNMath.min(minval, abs(vmin), abs(vmax))

    minval
 end

-function py_set_scale(ax, sp::Subplot, axis::Axis)
+function py_set_scale(ax, axis::Axis)
    scale = axis[:scale]
    letter = axis[:letter]
    scale in supported_scales() || return @warn("Unhandled scale value in pyplot: $scale")
-    func = getproperty(ax, Symbol("set_", letter, "scale"))
+    func = ax[Symbol("set_", letter, "scale")]
    kw = KW()
    arg = if scale == :identity
        "linear"
@@ -927,7 +903,7 @@ function py_set_scale(ax, sp::Subplot, axis::Axis)
        elseif scale == :log10
            10
        end
-        kw[Symbol(:linthresh,letter)] = NaNMath.max(1e-16, py_compute_axis_minval(sp, axis))
+        kw[Symbol(:linthresh,letter)] = NaNMath.min(1e-16, py_compute_axis_minval(axis))
        "symlog"
    end
    func(arg; kw...)
@@ -935,16 +911,16 @@ end


 function py_set_axis_colors(sp, ax, a::Axis)
-    for (loc, spine) in ax.spines
-        spine."set_color"(py_color(a[:foreground_color_border]))
+    for (loc, spine) in ax[:spines]
+        spine[:set_color](py_color(a[:foreground_color_border]))
    end
    axissym = Symbol(a[:letter], :axis)
-    if PyCall.hasproperty(ax, axissym)
+    if haskey(ax, axissym)
        tickcolor = sp[:framestyle] in (:zerolines, :grid) ? py_color(plot_color(a[:foreground_color_grid], a[:gridalpha])) : py_color(a[:foreground_color_axis])
-        ax."tick_params"(axis=string(a[:letter]), which="both",
+        ax[:tick_params](axis=string(a[:letter]), which="both",
                         colors=tickcolor,
                         labelcolor=py_color(a[:tickfontcolor]))
-        getproperty(ax, axissym).label.set_color(py_color(a[:guidefontcolor]))
+        ax[axissym][:label][:set_color](py_color(a[:guidefontcolor]))
    end
 end

@@ -956,14 +932,14 @@ function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
    # update the fig
    w, h = plt[:size]
    fig = plt.o
-    fig."clear"()
+    fig[:clear]()
    dpi = plt[:dpi]
-    fig."set_size_inches"(w/DPI, h/DPI, forward = true)
-    getproperty(fig, set_facecolor_sym)(py_color(plt[:background_color_outside]))
-    fig."set_dpi"(plt[:dpi])
+    fig[:set_size_inches](w/DPI, h/DPI, forward = true)
+    fig[set_facecolor_sym](py_color(plt[:background_color_outside]))
+    fig[:set_dpi](plt[:dpi])

    # resize the window
-    PyPlot.plt."get_current_fig_manager"().resize(w, h)
+    PyPlot.plt[:get_current_fig_manager]()[:resize](w, h)

    # initialize subplots
    for sp in plt.subplots
@@ -978,7 +954,7 @@ function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
    # update subplots
    for sp in plt.subplots
        ax = sp.o
-        if ax === nothing
+        if ax == nothing
            continue
        end

@@ -997,10 +973,10 @@ function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
            else
                :title
            end
-            getproperty(ax, func)."set_text"(sp[:title])
-            getproperty(ax, func)."set_fontsize"(py_thickness_scale(plt, sp[:titlefontsize]))
-            getproperty(ax, func)."set_family"(sp[:titlefontfamily])
-            getproperty(ax, func)."set_color"(py_color(sp[:titlefontcolor]))
+            ax[func][:set_text](sp[:title])
+            ax[func][:set_fontsize](py_thickness_scale(plt, sp[:titlefontsize]))
+            ax[func][:set_family](sp[:titlefontfamily])
+            ax[func][:set_color](py_color(sp[:titlefontcolor]))
            # ax[:set_title](sp[:title], loc = loc)
        end

@@ -1013,37 +989,36 @@ function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
            kw = KW()
            if !isempty(sp[:zaxis][:discrete_values]) && colorbar_series[:seriestype] == :heatmap
                locator, formatter = get_locator_and_formatter(sp[:zaxis][:discrete_values])
-                # kw[:values] = eachindex(sp[:zaxis][:discrete_values])
+                # kw[:values] = 1:length(sp[:zaxis][:discrete_values])
                kw[:values] = sp[:zaxis][:continuous_values]
                kw[:ticks] = locator
                kw[:format] = formatter
                kw[:boundaries] = vcat(0, kw[:values] + 0.5)
-            elseif any(colorbar_series[attr] !== nothing for attr in (:line_z, :fill_z, :marker_z))
+            elseif any(colorbar_series[attr] != nothing for attr in (:line_z, :fill_z, :marker_z))
                cmin, cmax = get_clims(sp)
-                norm = pycolors."Normalize"(vmin = cmin, vmax = cmax)
-                f = if colorbar_series[:line_z] !== nothing
+                norm = pycolors[:Normalize](vmin = cmin, vmax = cmax)
+                f = if colorbar_series[:line_z] != nothing
                    py_linecolormap
-                elseif colorbar_series[:fill_z] !== nothing
+                elseif colorbar_series[:fill_z] != nothing
                    py_fillcolormap
                else
                    py_markercolormap
                end
-                cmap = pycmap."ScalarMappable"(norm = norm, cmap = f(colorbar_series))
-                cmap."set_array"([])
+                cmap = pycmap[:ScalarMappable](norm = norm, cmap = f(colorbar_series))
+                cmap[:set_array]([])
                handle = cmap
            end
-            kw[:spacing] = "proportional"

            # create and store the colorbar object (handle) and the axis that it is drawn on.
            # note: the colorbar axis is positioned independently from the subplot axis
            fig = plt.o
-            cbax = fig."add_axes"([0.8,0.1,0.03,0.8], label = string(gensym()))
-            cb = fig."colorbar"(handle; cax = cbax, kw...)
-            cb."set_label"(sp[:colorbar_title],size=py_thickness_scale(plt, sp[:yaxis][:guidefontsize]),family=sp[:yaxis][:guidefontfamily], color = py_color(sp[:yaxis][:guidefontcolor]))
-            for lab in cb."ax"."yaxis"."get_ticklabels"()
-                  lab."set_fontsize"(py_thickness_scale(plt, sp[:yaxis][:tickfontsize]))
-                  lab."set_family"(sp[:yaxis][:tickfontfamily])
-                  lab."set_color"(py_color(sp[:yaxis][:tickfontcolor]))
+            cbax = fig[:add_axes]([0.8,0.1,0.03,0.8], label = string(gensym()))
+            cb = fig[:colorbar](handle; cax = cbax, kw...)
+            cb[:set_label](sp[:colorbar_title],size=py_thickness_scale(plt, sp[:yaxis][:guidefontsize]),family=sp[:yaxis][:guidefontfamily], color = py_color(sp[:yaxis][:guidefontcolor]))
+            for lab in cb[:ax][:yaxis][:get_ticklabels]()
+                  lab[:set_fontsize](py_thickness_scale(plt, sp[:yaxis][:tickfontsize]))
+                  lab[:set_family](sp[:yaxis][:tickfontfamily])
+                  lab[:set_color](py_color(sp[:yaxis][:tickfontcolor]))
            end
            sp.attr[:cbar_handle] = cb
            sp.attr[:cbar_ax] = cbax
@@ -1051,28 +1026,28 @@ function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})

        # framestyle
        if !ispolar(sp) && !is3d(sp)
-            ax.spines["left"]."set_linewidth"(py_thickness_scale(plt, 1))
-            ax.spines["bottom"]."set_linewidth"(py_thickness_scale(plt, 1))
+            ax[:spines]["left"][:set_linewidth](py_thickness_scale(plt, 1))
+            ax[:spines]["bottom"][:set_linewidth](py_thickness_scale(plt, 1))
            if sp[:framestyle] == :semi
                intensity = 0.5
-                ax.spines["right"]."set_alpha"(intensity)
-                ax.spines["top"]."set_alpha"(intensity)
-                ax.spines["right"]."set_linewidth"(py_thickness_scale(plt, intensity))
-                ax.spines["top"]."set_linewidth"(py_thickness_scale(plt, intensity))
+                ax[:spines]["right"][:set_alpha](intensity)
+                ax[:spines]["top"][:set_alpha](intensity)
+                ax[:spines]["right"][:set_linewidth](py_thickness_scale(plt, intensity))
+                ax[:spines]["top"][:set_linewidth](py_thickness_scale(plt, intensity))
            elseif sp[:framestyle] in (:axes, :origin)
-                ax.spines["right"]."set_visible"(false)
-                ax.spines["top"]."set_visible"(false)
+                ax[:spines]["right"][:set_visible](false)
+                ax[:spines]["top"][:set_visible](false)
                if sp[:framestyle] == :origin
-                    ax.spines["bottom"]."set_position"("zero")
-                    ax.spines["left"]."set_position"("zero")
+                    ax[:spines]["bottom"][:set_position]("zero")
+                    ax[:spines]["left"][:set_position]("zero")
                end
            elseif sp[:framestyle] in (:grid, :none, :zerolines)
-                for (loc, spine) in ax.spines
-                    spine."set_visible"(false)
+                for (loc, spine) in ax[:spines]
+                    spine[:set_visible](false)
                end
                if sp[:framestyle] == :zerolines
-                    ax."axhline"(y = 0, color = py_color(sp[:xaxis][:foreground_color_axis]), lw = py_thickness_scale(plt, 0.75))
-                    ax."axvline"(x = 0, color = py_color(sp[:yaxis][:foreground_color_axis]), lw = py_thickness_scale(plt, 0.75))
+                    ax[:axhline](y = 0, color = py_color(sp[:xaxis][:foreground_color_axis]), lw = py_thickness_scale(plt, 0.75))
+                    ax[:axvline](x = 0, color = py_color(sp[:yaxis][:foreground_color_axis]), lw = py_thickness_scale(plt, 0.75))
                end
            end
        end
@@ -1080,51 +1055,51 @@ function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
        # axis attributes
        for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
            axissym = Symbol(letter, :axis)
-            PyCall.hasproperty(ax, axissym) || continue
+            haskey(ax, axissym) || continue
            axis = sp[axissym]
-            pyaxis = getproperty(ax, axissym)
+            pyaxis = ax[axissym]
            if axis[:mirror] && letter != :z
                pos = letter == :x ? "top" : "right"
-                pyaxis."set_label_position"(pos)     # the guides
-                pyaxis."set_ticks_position"("both")  # the hash marks
-                getproperty(pyaxis, Symbol(:tick_, pos))()        # the tick labels
+                pyaxis[:set_label_position](pos)     # the guides
+                pyaxis[:set_ticks_position]("both")  # the hash marks
+                pyaxis[Symbol(:tick_, pos)]()        # the tick labels
            end
            if axis[:guide_position] != :auto && letter != :z
-                pyaxis."set_label_position"(axis[:guide_position])
+                pyaxis[:set_label_position](axis[:guide_position])
            end
-            py_set_scale(ax, sp, axis)
-            axis[:ticks] != :native ? py_set_lims(ax, sp, axis) : nothing
+            py_set_scale(ax, axis)
+            axis[:ticks] != :native ? py_set_lims(ax, axis) : nothing
            if ispolar(sp) && letter == :y
-                ax."set_rlabel_position"(90)
+                ax[:set_rlabel_position](90)
            end
-            ticks = sp[:framestyle] == :none ? nothing : get_ticks(sp, axis)
+            ticks = sp[:framestyle] == :none ? nothing : get_ticks(axis)
            # don't show the 0 tick label for the origin framestyle
            if sp[:framestyle] == :origin && length(ticks) > 1
                ticks[2][ticks[1] .== 0] .= ""
            end
            axis[:ticks] != :native ? py_set_ticks(ax, ticks, letter) : nothing
-            pyaxis."set_tick_params"(direction = axis[:tick_direction] == :out ? "out" : "in")
-            getproperty(ax, Symbol("set_", letter, "label"))(axis[:guide])
+            pyaxis[:set_tick_params](direction = axis[:tick_direction] == :out ? "out" : "in")
+            ax[Symbol("set_", letter, "label")](axis[:guide])
            if get(axis.plotattributes, :flip, false)
-                getproperty(ax, Symbol("invert_", letter, "axis"))()
+                ax[Symbol("invert_", letter, "axis")]()
            end
-            pyaxis."label"."set_fontsize"(py_thickness_scale(plt, axis[:guidefontsize]))
-            pyaxis."label"."set_family"(axis[:guidefontfamily])
-            for lab in getproperty(ax, Symbol("get_", letter, "ticklabels"))()
-                lab."set_fontsize"(py_thickness_scale(plt, axis[:tickfontsize]))
-                lab."set_family"(axis[:tickfontfamily])
-                lab."set_rotation"(axis[:rotation])
+            pyaxis[:label][:set_fontsize](py_thickness_scale(plt, axis[:guidefontsize]))
+            pyaxis[:label][:set_family](axis[:guidefontfamily])
+            for lab in ax[Symbol("get_", letter, "ticklabels")]()
+                lab[:set_fontsize](py_thickness_scale(plt, axis[:tickfontsize]))
+                lab[:set_family](axis[:tickfontfamily])
+                lab[:set_rotation](axis[:rotation])
            end
            if axis[:grid] && !(ticks in (:none, nothing, false))
                fgcolor = py_color(axis[:foreground_color_grid])
-                pyaxis."grid"(true,
+                pyaxis[:grid](true,
                    color = fgcolor,
                    linestyle = py_linestyle(:line, axis[:gridstyle]),
                    linewidth = py_thickness_scale(plt, axis[:gridlinewidth]),
                    alpha = axis[:gridalpha])
-                ax."set_axisbelow"(true)
+                ax[:set_axisbelow](true)
            else
-                pyaxis."grid"(false)
+                pyaxis[:grid](false)
            end
            py_set_axis_colors(sp, ax, axis)
        end
@@ -1132,51 +1107,50 @@ function _before_layout_calcs(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
        # showaxis
        if !sp[:xaxis][:showaxis]
            kw = KW()
-            if ispolar(sp)
-                ax.spines["polar"].set_visible(false)
-            end
            for dir in (:top, :bottom)
-                if !ispolar(sp)
-                    ax.spines[string(dir)].set_visible(false)
+                if ispolar(sp)
+                    ax[:spines]["polar"][:set_visible](false)
+                else
+                    ax[:spines][string(dir)][:set_visible](false)
                end
                kw[dir] = kw[Symbol(:label,dir)] = false
            end
-            ax."xaxis"."set_tick_params"(; which="both", kw...)
+            ax[:xaxis][:set_tick_params](; which="both", kw...)
        end
        if !sp[:yaxis][:showaxis]
            kw = KW()
            for dir in (:left, :right)
                if !ispolar(sp)
-                    ax.spines[string(dir)].set_visible(false)
+                    ax[:spines][string(dir)][:set_visible](false)
                end
                kw[dir] = kw[Symbol(:label,dir)] = false
            end
-            ax."yaxis"."set_tick_params"(; which="both", kw...)
+            ax[:yaxis][:set_tick_params](; which="both", kw...)
        end

        # aspect ratio
        aratio = sp[:aspect_ratio]
        if aratio != :none
-            ax."set_aspect"(isa(aratio, Symbol) ? string(aratio) : aratio, anchor = "C")
+            ax[:set_aspect](isa(aratio, Symbol) ? string(aratio) : aratio, anchor = "C")
        end

        #camera/view angle
        if is3d(sp)
            #convert azimuthal to match GR behaviour
            #view_init(elevation, azimuthal) so reverse :camera args
-            ax."view_init"((sp[:camera].-(90,0))[end:-1:1]...)
+            ax[:view_init]((sp[:camera].-(90,0))[end:-1:1]...)
        end

        # legend
        py_add_legend(plt, sp, ax)

        # this sets the bg color inside the grid
-        getproperty(ax, set_facecolor_sym)(py_color(sp[:background_color_inside]))
+        ax[set_facecolor_sym](py_color(sp[:background_color_inside]))

        # link axes
        x_ax_link, y_ax_link = sp[:xaxis].sps[1].o, sp[:yaxis].sps[1].o
-        ax != x_ax_link && ax."get_shared_x_axes"()."join"(ax, sp[:xaxis].sps[1].o)
-        ax != y_ax_link && ax."get_shared_y_axes"()."join"(ax, sp[:yaxis].sps[1].o)
+        ax != x_ax_link && ax[:get_shared_x_axes]()[:join](ax, sp[:xaxis].sps[1].o)
+        ax != y_ax_link && ax[:get_shared_y_axes]()[:join](ax, sp[:yaxis].sps[1].o)
    end
    py_drawfig(fig)
 end
@@ -1186,7 +1160,7 @@ end
 # to fit ticks, tick labels, guides, colorbars, etc.
 function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot{PyPlotBackend})
    ax = sp.o
-    ax === nothing && return sp.minpad
+    ax == nothing && return sp.minpad
    plotbb = py_bbox(ax)

    # TODO: this should initialize to the margin from sp.attr
@@ -1196,7 +1170,7 @@ function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot{PyPlotBackend})
    toppad    = 0mm
    rightpad  = 0mm
    bottompad = 0mm
-    for bb in (py_bbox_axis(ax, "x"), py_bbox_axis(ax, "y"), py_bbox_title(ax), py_bbox_legend(ax))
+    for bb in (py_bbox_axis(ax, "x"), py_bbox_axis(ax, "y"), py_bbox_title(ax))
        if ispositive(width(bb)) && ispositive(height(bb))
            leftpad   = max(leftpad,   left(plotbb) - left(bb))
            toppad    = max(toppad,    top(plotbb)  - top(bb))
@@ -1207,7 +1181,7 @@ function _update_min_padding!(sp::Subplot{PyPlotBackend})

    # optionally add the width of colorbar labels and colorbar to rightpad
    if haskey(sp.attr, :cbar_ax)
-        bb = py_bbox(sp.attr[:cbar_handle]."ax"."get_yticklabels"())
+        bb = py_bbox(sp.attr[:cbar_handle][:ax][:get_yticklabels]())
        sp.attr[:cbar_width] = _cbar_width + width(bb) + 2.3mm + (sp[:colorbar_title] == "" ? 0px : 30px)
        rightpad = rightpad + sp.attr[:cbar_width]
    end
@@ -1228,13 +1202,13 @@ end

 function py_add_annotations(sp::Subplot{PyPlotBackend}, x, y, val)
    ax = sp.o
-    ax."annotate"(val, xy = (x,y), zorder = 999, annotation_clip = false)
+    ax[:annotate](val, xy = (x,y), zorder = 999)
 end


 function py_add_annotations(sp::Subplot{PyPlotBackend}, x, y, val::PlotText)
    ax = sp.o
-    ax."annotate"(val.str,
+    ax[:annotate](val.str,
        xy = (x,y),
        family = val.font.family,
        color = py_color(val.font.color),
@@ -1242,8 +1216,7 @@ function py_add_annotations(sp::Subplot{PyPlotBackend}, x, y, val::PlotText)
        verticalalignment = val.font.valign == :vcenter ? "center" : string(val.font.valign),
        rotation = val.font.rotation,
        size = py_thickness_scale(sp.plt, val.font.pointsize),
-        zorder = 999,
-        annotation_clip = false
+        zorder = 999
    )
 end

@@ -1260,59 +1233,31 @@ const _pyplot_legend_pos = KW(
    :topleft => "upper left"
  )

-const _pyplot_legend_pos_outer = KW(
-    :outerright => "center left",
-    :outerleft => "right",
-    :outertop => "lower center",
-    :outerbottom => "upper center",
-    :outerbottomleft => "lower right",
-    :outerbottomright => "lower left",
-    :outertopright => "upper left",
-    :outertopleft => "upper right"
-)
-
-py_legend_pos(pos::Symbol) = get(_pyplot_legend_pos, pos, get(_pyplot_legend_pos_outer, pos, "best"))
-py_legend_pos(pos) = "lower left"
-
-const _pyplot_legend_bbox_outer = KW(
-    :outerright => (1.0, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0),
-    :outerleft => (-0.15, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0),
-    :outertop => (0.5, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
-    :outerbottom => (0.5, -0.15, 0.0, 0.0),
-    :outerbottomleft => (-0.15, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
-    :outerbottomright => (1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
-    :outertopright => (1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
-    :outertopleft => (-0.15, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0)
-)
-
-py_legend_bbox(pos::Symbol) = get(_pyplot_legend_bbox_outer, pos, (0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0))
-py_legend_bbox(pos) = pos
-
 function py_add_legend(plt::Plot, sp::Subplot, ax)
    leg = sp[:legend]
+    clims = get_clims(sp)
    if leg != :none
        # gotta do this to ensure both axes are included
        labels = []
        handles = []
        for series in series_list(sp)
            if should_add_to_legend(series)
-                clims = get_clims(sp, series)
                # add a line/marker and a label
-                push!(handles, if series[:seriestype] == :shape || series[:fillrange] !== nothing
-                    pypatches."Patch"(
-                        edgecolor = py_color(single_color(get_linecolor(series, clims)), get_linealpha(series)),
-                        facecolor = py_color(single_color(get_fillcolor(series, clims)), get_fillalpha(series)),
+                push!(handles, if series[:seriestype] == :shape || series[:fillrange] != nothing
+                    pypatches[:Patch](
+                        edgecolor = py_color(get_linecolor(series, clims), get_linealpha(series)),
+                        facecolor = py_color(get_fillcolor(series, clims), get_fillalpha(series)),
                        linewidth = py_thickness_scale(plt, clamp(get_linewidth(series), 0, 5)),
                        linestyle = py_linestyle(series[:seriestype], get_linestyle(series))
                    )
                elseif series[:seriestype] in (:path, :straightline, :scatter)
-                    PyPlot.plt."Line2D"((0,1),(0,0),
-                        color = py_color(single_color(get_linecolor(series, clims)), get_linealpha(series)),
+                    PyPlot.plt[:Line2D]((0,1),(0,0),
+                        color = py_color(get_linecolor(series, clims), get_linealpha(series)),
                        linewidth = py_thickness_scale(plt, clamp(get_linewidth(series), 0, 5)),
                        linestyle = py_linestyle(:path, get_linestyle(series)),
                        marker = py_marker(first(series[:markershape])),
-                        markeredgecolor = py_color(single_color(get_markerstrokecolor(series)), get_markerstrokealpha(series)),
-                        markerfacecolor = py_color(single_color(get_markercolor(series, clims)), get_markeralpha(series))
+                        markeredgecolor = py_color(get_markerstrokecolor(series), get_markerstrokealpha(series)),
+                        markerfacecolor = series[:marker_z] == nothing ? py_color(get_markercolor(series, clims), get_markeralpha(series)) : py_color(series[:markercolor][0.5])
                    )
                else
                    series[:serieshandle][1]
@@ -1323,26 +1268,22 @@ function py_add_legend(plt::Plot, sp::Subplot, ax)

        # if anything was added, call ax.legend and set the colors
        if !isempty(handles)
-            leg = ax."legend"(handles,
+            leg = ax[:legend](handles,
                labels,
-                loc = py_legend_pos(leg),
-                bbox_to_anchor = py_legend_bbox(leg),
+                loc = get(_pyplot_legend_pos, leg, "best"),
                scatterpoints = 1,
                fontsize = py_thickness_scale(plt, sp[:legendfontsize]),
                facecolor = py_color(sp[:background_color_legend]),
                edgecolor = py_color(sp[:foreground_color_legend]),
                framealpha = alpha(plot_color(sp[:background_color_legend])),
            )
-            frame = leg."get_frame"()
-            frame."set_linewidth"(py_thickness_scale(plt, 1))
-            leg."set_zorder"(1000)
-            if sp[:legendtitle] !== nothing
-                leg."set_title"(sp[:legendtitle])
-                PyPlot.plt."setp"(leg."get_title"(), color = py_color(sp[:legendtitlefontcolor]), family = sp[:legendtitlefontfamily], fontsize = py_thickness_scale(plt, sp[:legendtitlefontsize]))
-            end
+            frame = leg[:get_frame]()
+            frame[:set_linewidth](py_thickness_scale(plt, 1))
+            leg[:set_zorder](1000)
+            sp[:legendtitle] != nothing && leg[:set_title](sp[:legendtitle])

-            for txt in leg."get_texts"()
-                PyPlot.plt."setp"(txt, color = py_color(sp[:legendfontcolor]), family = sp[:legendfontfamily], fontsize = py_thickness_scale(plt, sp[:legendfontsize]))
+            for txt in leg[:get_texts]()
+                PyPlot.plt[:setp](txt, color = py_color(sp[:legendfontcolor]), family = sp[:legendfontfamily])
            end
        end
    end
@@ -1356,11 +1297,11 @@ end
 function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
    for sp in plt.subplots
        ax = sp.o
-        ax === nothing && return
+        ax == nothing && return
        figw, figh = sp.plt[:size]
        figw, figh = figw*px, figh*px
        pcts = bbox_to_pcts(sp.plotarea, figw, figh)
-        ax."set_position"(pcts)
+        ax[:set_position](pcts)

        # set the cbar position if there is one
        if haskey(sp.attr, :cbar_ax)
@@ -1370,7 +1311,7 @@ function _update_plot_object(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
            has_toplabel = !(1e-7 < max(abs(ex.emax), abs(ex.emin)) < 1e7)
            cb_bbox = BoundingBox(right(sp.bbox)-cbw+1mm, top(sp.bbox) +  (has_toplabel ? 4mm : 2mm), _cbar_width-1mm, height(sp.bbox) - (has_toplabel ? 6mm : 4mm))
            pcts = bbox_to_pcts(cb_bbox, figw, figh)
-            sp.attr[:cbar_ax]."set_position"(pcts)
+            sp.attr[:cbar_ax][:set_position](pcts)
        end
    end
    PyPlot.draw()
@@ -1379,7 +1320,9 @@ end
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------
 # display/output

-_display(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend}) = plt.o."show"()
+function _display(plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
+    plt.o[:show]()
+end



@@ -1389,24 +1332,23 @@ const _pyplot_mimeformats = Dict(
    "application/pdf"         => "pdf",
    "image/png"               => "png",
    "application/postscript"  => "ps",
-    "image/svg+xml"           => "svg",
-    "application/x-tex"       => "pgf"
+    "image/svg+xml"           => "svg"
 )


 for (mime, fmt) in _pyplot_mimeformats
    @eval function _show(io::IO, ::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot{PyPlotBackend})
        fig = plt.o
-        fig."canvas"."print_figure"(
+        fig[:canvas][:print_figure](
            io,
            format=$fmt,
            # bbox_inches = "tight",
            # figsize = map(px2inch, plt[:size]),
-            facecolor = fig."get_facecolor"(),
+            facecolor = fig[:get_facecolor](),
            edgecolor = "none",
            dpi = plt[:dpi]
        )
    end
 end

-closeall(::PyPlotBackend) = PyPlot.plt."close"("all")
+closeall(::PyPlotBackend) = PyPlot.plt[:close]("all")
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ function rebuildUnicodePlot!(plt::Plot, width, height)
    for sp in plt.subplots
        xaxis = sp[:xaxis]
        yaxis = sp[:yaxis]
-        xlim =  axis_limits(sp, :x)
-        ylim =  axis_limits(sp, :y)
+        xlim =  axis_limits(xaxis)
+        ylim =  axis_limits(yaxis)

        # make vectors
        xlim = [xlim[1], xlim[2]]
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ end


 # add a single series
-function addUnicodeSeries!(o, plotattributes, addlegend::Bool, xlim, ylim)
+function addUnicodeSeries!(o, plotattributes::KW, addlegend::Bool, xlim, ylim)
    # get the function, or special handling for step/bar/hist
    st = plotattributes[:seriestype]
    if st == :histogram2d
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ function addUnicodeSeries!(o, plotattributes, addlegend::Bool, xlim, ylim)
    x, y = if st == :straightline
        straightline_data(plotattributes)
    elseif st == :shape
-        shape_data(plotattributes)
+        shape_data(series)
    else
        [collect(float(plotattributes[s])) for s in (:x, :y)]
    end
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@


-const P2 = GeometryTypes.Point2{Float64}
-const P3 = GeometryTypes.Point3{Float64}
+const P2 = StaticArrays.SVector{2,Float64}
+const P3 = StaticArrays.SVector{3,Float64}

 nanpush!(a::AbstractVector{P2}, b) = (push!(a, P2(NaN,NaN)); push!(a, b))
 nanappend!(a::AbstractVector{P2}, b) = (push!(a, P2(NaN,NaN)); append!(a, b))
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ end
 function scale!(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x, c = center(shape))
    sx, sy = coords(shape)
    cx, cy = c
-    for i=eachindex(sx)
+    for i=1:length(sx)
        sx[i] = (sx[i] - cx) * x + cx
        sy[i] = (sy[i] - cy) * y + cy
    end
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ end
 "translate a Shape in space"
 function translate!(shape::Shape, x::Real, y::Real = x)
    sx, sy = coords(shape)
-    for i=eachindex(sx)
+    for i=1:length(sx)
        sx[i] += x
        sy[i] += y
    end
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ end
 function rotate!(shape::Shape, Θ::Real, c = center(shape))
    x, y = coords(shape)
    cx, cy = c
-    for i=eachindex(x)
+    for i=1:length(x)
        xi = rotate_x(x[i], y[i], Θ, cx, cy)
        yi = rotate_y(x[i], y[i], Θ, cx, cy)
        x[i], y[i] = xi, yi
@@ -261,13 +261,13 @@ end
 Create a Font from a list of features. Values may be specified either as
 arguments (which are distinguished by type/value) or as keyword arguments.
 # Arguments
- `family`: AbstractString. "serif" or "sans-serif" or "monospace"
+- `family`: AbstractString. "serif" or "sans-serif" or "monospace" 
 - `pointsize`: Integer. Size of font in points
 - `halign`: Symbol. Horizontal alignment (:hcenter, :left, or :right)
 - `valign`: Symbol. Vertical aligment (:vcenter, :top, or :bottom)
 - `rotation`: Real. Angle of rotation for text in degrees (use a non-integer type)
 - `color`: Colorant or Symbol
-# Examples
+# Examples 
 ```julia-repl
 julia> font(8)
 julia> font(family="serif",halign=:center,rotation=45.0)
@@ -388,8 +388,8 @@ PlotText(str) = PlotText(string(str), font())
 """
    text(string, args...; kw...)

-Create a PlotText object wrapping a string with font info, for plot annotations.
-`args` and `kw` are passed to `font`.
+Create a PlotText object wrapping a string with font info, for plot annotations. 
+`args` and `kw` are passed to `font`. 
 """
 text(t::PlotText) = t
 text(t::PlotText, font::Font) = PlotText(t.str, font)
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ function series_annotations_shapes!(series::Series, scaletype::Symbol = :pixels)
    # end

    # @show msw msh
-    if anns !== nothing && anns.baseshape !== nothing
+    if anns != nothing && anns.baseshape != nothing
        # we use baseshape to overwrite the markershape attribute
        # with a list of custom shapes for each
        msw,msh = anns.scalefactor
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ mutable struct EachAnn
 end

 function Base.iterate(ea::EachAnn, i = 1)
-    if ea.anns === nothing || isempty(ea.anns.strs) || i > length(ea.y)
+    if ea.anns == nothing || isempty(ea.anns.strs) || i > length(ea.y)
        return nothing
    end

@@ -591,9 +591,7 @@ annotations(sa::SeriesAnnotations) = sa
 function process_annotation(sp::Subplot, xs, ys, labs, font = font())
    anns = []
    labs = makevec(labs)
-    xlength = length(methods(length, (typeof(xs),))) == 0 ? 1 : length(xs)
-    ylength = length(methods(length, (typeof(ys),))) == 0 ? 1 : length(ys)
-    for i in 1:max(xlength, ylength, length(labs))
+    for i in 1:max(length(xs), length(ys), length(labs))
        x, y, lab = _cycle(xs, i), _cycle(ys, i), _cycle(labs, i)
        if lab == :auto
            alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
@@ -781,7 +779,7 @@ end

 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 "create a BezierCurve for plotting"
-mutable struct BezierCurve{T <: GeometryTypes.Point}
+mutable struct BezierCurve{T <: StaticArrays.SVector}
    control_points::Vector{T}
 end

@@ -794,9 +792,12 @@ function (bc::BezierCurve)(t::Real)
    p
 end

+# mean(x::Real, y::Real) = 0.5*(x+y) #commented out as I cannot see this used anywhere and it overwrites a Base method with different functionality
+# mean{N,T<:Real}(ps::StaticArrays.SVector{N,T}...) = sum(ps) / length(ps) # I also could not see this used anywhere, and it's type piracy - implementing a NaNMath version for this would just involve converting to a standard array
+
@deprecate curve_points coords

-coords(curve::BezierCurve, n::Integer = 30; range = [0,1]) = map(curve, Base.range(range..., length=n))
+coords(curve::BezierCurve, n::Integer = 30; range = [0,1]) = map(curve, range(range..., stop=n, length=50))

 # build a BezierCurve which leaves point p vertically upwards and arrives point q vertically upwards.
 # may create a loop if necessary.  Assumes the view is [0,1]
@@ -86,9 +86,8 @@ yaxis!("YLABEL", :log10)
 PlotExample("Images",
    "Plot an image.  y-axis is set to flipped",
    [:(begin
-    import FileIO
-    path = download("http://juliaplots.org/PlotReferenceImages.jl/Plots/pyplot/0.7.0/ref1.png")
-    img = FileIO.load(path)
+    import FileIO, PlotReferenceImages
+    img = FileIO.load(joinpath(dirname(pathof(PlotReferenceImages)), "..", "Plots","pyplot","0.7.0","ref1.png"))
        plot(img)
    end)]
 ),
@@ -165,7 +164,7 @@ PlotExample("Marker types",
 ),

 PlotExample("Bar",
-    "`x` is the midpoint of the bar. (todo: allow passing of edges instead of midpoints)",
+    "x is the midpoint of the bar. (todo: allow passing of edges instead of midpoints)",
    [:(begin
        bar(randn(99))
    end)]
@@ -238,12 +237,12 @@ build with the method `text(string, attr...)`, which wraps font and color attrib
 """,
    [:(begin
 y = rand(10)
-plot(y, annotations = (3,y[3], Plots.text("this is #3",:left)), leg=false)
-annotate!([(5, y[5], Plots.text("this is #5",16,:red,:center)),
-          (10, y[10], Plots.text("this is #10",:right,20,"courier"))])
+plot(y, annotations = (3,y[3],text("this is #3",:left)), leg=false)
+annotate!([(5, y[5], text("this is #5",16,:red,:center)),
+          (10, y[10], text("this is #10",:right,20,"courier"))])
 scatter!(range(2, stop=8, length=6), rand(6), marker=(50,0.2,:orange),
         series_annotations = ["series","annotations","map","to","series",
-                               Plots.text("data",:green)])
+                               text("data",:green)])
    end)]
 ),

@@ -305,8 +304,7 @@ PlotExample("3D",

 PlotExample("DataFrames",
    "Plot using DataFrame column symbols.",
-    [:(using StatsPlots), # can't be inside begin block because @df gets expanded first
-     :(begin
+    [:(begin
        import RDatasets
        iris = RDatasets.dataset("datasets", "iris")
        @df iris scatter(:SepalLength, :SepalWidth, group=:Species,
@@ -355,8 +353,7 @@ PlotExample("Layouts, margins, label rotation, title location",

 PlotExample("Boxplot and Violin series recipes",
    "",
-    [:(using StatsPlots), # can't be inside begin block because @df gets expanded first
-     :(begin
+    [:(begin
        import RDatasets
        singers = RDatasets.dataset("lattice", "singer")
        @df singers violin(:VoicePart, :Height, line = 0, fill = (0.2, :blue))
@@ -456,49 +453,6 @@ see: http://stackoverflow.com/a/37732384/5075246
    end)]
 ),

-PlotExample("Ribbons",
-    """
-    Ribbons can be added to lines via the `ribbon` keyword;
-    you can pass a tuple of arrays (upper and lower bounds),
-    a single Array (for symmetric ribbons), a Function, or a number.
-    """,
-    [:(begin
-        plot(
-            plot(0:10; ribbon = (LinRange(0, 2, 10), LinRange(0, 1, 10))),
-            plot(0:10; ribbon = 0:0.5:5),
-            plot(0:10; ribbon = sqrt),
-            plot(0:10; ribbon = 1),
-        )
-    end)]
-),
-
-PlotExample("Histogram2D (complex values)",
-    "",
-    [:(begin
-        n = 10_000
-        x = exp.(0.1randn(n) .+ randn(n).*(im))
-        histogram2d(x, nbins=(20,40), show_empty_bins=true,
-                    normed=true, aspect_ratio=1)
-    end)]
-),
-
-PlotExample("Unconnected lines using `missing` or `NaN`",
-"""
-Missing values and non-finite values, including `NaN`, are not plotted.
-Instead, lines are separated into segments at these values.
-""",
-    [:(begin
-        x,y = [1,2,2,1,1], [1,2,1,2,1]
-        plot(
-              plot([rand(5); NaN; rand(5); NaN; rand(5)]),
-              plot([1,missing,2,3], marker=true),
-              plot([x; NaN; x.+2], [y; NaN; y.+1], arrow=2),
-              plot([1, 2+3im, Inf, 4im, 3, -Inf*im, 0, 3+3im], marker=true),
-              legend=false
-        )
-    end)]
-),
-
 ]

 # Some constants for PlotDocs and PlotReferenceImages
@@ -506,7 +460,7 @@ _animation_examples = [2, 30]
 _backend_skips = Dict(
    :gr => [25, 30],
    :pyplot => [25, 30],
-    :plotlyjs => [2, 21, 24, 25, 30, 31],
+    :plotlyjs => [2, 21, 25, 30, 31],
    :pgfplots => [2, 5, 6, 10, 16, 20, 22, 23, 25, 28, 30],
 )

@@ -520,12 +474,7 @@ function test_examples(pkgname::Symbol, idx::Int; debug = false, disp = true)
  @info("Testing plot: $pkgname:$idx:$(_examples[idx].header)")
  backend(pkgname)
  backend()
-
-  # prevent leaking variables (esp. functions) directly into Plots namespace
-  m = Module(:PlotExampleModule)
-  Base.eval(m, :(using Plots))
-  map(exprs -> Base.eval(m, exprs), _examples[idx].exprs)
-
+  map(eval, _examples[idx].exprs)
  plt = current()
  if disp
    gui(plt)
@@ -545,8 +494,8 @@ function test_examples(pkgname::Symbol; debug = false, disp = true, sleep = noth
                                        skip = [], only = nothing)
  Plots._debugMode.on = debug
  plts = Dict()
-  for i in eachindex(_examples)
-    only !== nothing && !(i in only) && continue
+  for i in 1:length(_examples)
+    only != nothing && !(i in only) && continue
    i in skip && continue
    try
      plt = test_examples(pkgname, i, debug=debug, disp=disp)
@@ -555,7 +504,7 @@ function test_examples(pkgname::Symbol; debug = false, disp = true, sleep = noth
      # TODO: put error info into markdown?
      @warn("Example $pkgname:$i:$(_examples[i].header) failed with: $ex")
    end
-    if sleep !== nothing
+    if sleep != nothing
        Base.sleep(sleep)
    end
  end
@@ -20,10 +20,7 @@ frontends like jupyterlab and nteract.
 _ijulia__extra_mime_info!(plt::Plot, out::Dict) = out

 function _ijulia__extra_mime_info!(plt::Plot{PlotlyJSBackend}, out::Dict)
-    out["application/vnd.plotly.v1+json"] = Dict(
-        :data => plotly_series(plt),
-        :layout => plotly_layout(plt)
-    )
+    out["application/vnd.plotly.v1+json"] = JSON.lower(plt.o)
    out
 end

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ using REPL

 function _plots_defaults()
    if isdefined(Main, :PLOTS_DEFAULTS)
-        Dict{Symbol,Any}(Main.PLOTS_DEFAULTS)
+        Main.PLOTS_DEFAULTS::Dict{Symbol,Any}
    else
        Dict{Symbol,Any}()
    end
@@ -28,53 +28,12 @@ function __init__()
        insert!(Base.Multimedia.displays, findlast(x -> x isa REPL.REPLDisplay, Base.Multimedia.displays) + 1, PlotsDisplay())
    end)

-    @require HDF5 = "f67ccb44-e63f-5c2f-98bd-6dc0ccc4ba2f" begin
-        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "hdf5.jl")
-        include(fn)
-        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
-    end
-
-    @require InspectDR = "d0351b0e-4b05-5898-87b3-e2a8edfddd1d" begin
-        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "inspectdr.jl")
-        include(fn)
-        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
-    end
-
-    @require PGFPlots = "3b7a836e-365b-5785-a47d-02c71176b4aa" begin
-        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "pgfplots.jl")
-        include(fn)
-        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
-    end
-
-    @require ORCA = "47be7bcc-f1a6-5447-8b36-7eeeff7534fd" begin
-        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "orca.jl")
-        include(fn)
-        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
-    end
-
-    @require PGFPlotsX = "8314cec4-20b6-5062-9cdb-752b83310925" begin
-        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "pgfplotsx.jl")
-        include(fn)
-        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
-    end
-
-    @require PlotlyJS = "f0f68f2c-4968-5e81-91da-67840de0976a" begin
-        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "plotlyjs.jl")
-        include(fn)
-        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
-    end
-
-    @require PyPlot = "d330b81b-6aea-500a-939a-2ce795aea3ee" begin
-        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "pyplot.jl")
-        include(fn)
-        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
-    end
-
-    @require UnicodePlots = "b8865327-cd53-5732-bb35-84acbb429228" begin
-        fn = joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "unicodeplots.jl")
-        include(fn)
-        @require Revise = "295af30f-e4ad-537b-8983-00126c2a3abe" Revise.track(Plots, fn)
-    end
+    @require HDF5 = "f67ccb44-e63f-5c2f-98bd-6dc0ccc4ba2f" include(joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "hdf5.jl"))
+    @require InspectDR = "d0351b0e-4b05-5898-87b3-e2a8edfddd1d" include(joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "inspectdr.jl"))
+    @require PGFPlots = "3b7a836e-365b-5785-a47d-02c71176b4aa" include(joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "pgfplots.jl"))
+    @require PlotlyJS = "f0f68f2c-4968-5e81-91da-67840de0976a" include(joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "plotlyjs.jl"))
+    @require PyPlot = "d330b81b-6aea-500a-939a-2ce795aea3ee" include(joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "pyplot.jl"))
+    @require UnicodePlots = "b8865327-cd53-5732-bb35-84acbb429228" include(joinpath(@__DIR__, "backends", "unicodeplots.jl"))

    @require IJulia = "7073ff75-c697-5162-941a-fcdaad2a7d2a" begin
        if IJulia.inited
@@ -107,10 +107,11 @@ function resolve_mixed(mix::MixedMeasures, sp::Subplot, letter::Symbol)
    if mix.len != 0mm
        f = (letter == :x ? width : height)
        totlen = f(plotarea(sp))
+        @show totlen
        pct += mix.len / totlen
    end
    if pct != 0
-        amin, amax = axis_limits(sp, letter)
+        amin, amax = axis_limits(sp[Symbol(letter,:axis)])
        xy += pct * (amax-amin)
    end
    xy
@@ -217,7 +218,6 @@ bottompad(layout::AbstractLayout) = 0mm
 # this is the parent of the top-level layout
 struct RootLayout <: AbstractLayout end

-Base.show(io::IO, layout::RootLayout) = Base.show_default(io, layout)
 Base.parent(::RootLayout) = nothing
 parent_bbox(::RootLayout) = defaultbox
 bbox(::RootLayout) = defaultbox
@@ -464,12 +464,12 @@ end
 # constructors

 # pass the layout arg through
-function layout_args(plotattributes::AKW)
-    layout_args(plotattributes[:layout])
+function layout_args(plotattributes::KW)
+    layout_args(get(plotattributes, :layout, default(:layout)))
 end

-function layout_args(plotattributes::AKW, n_override::Integer)
-    layout, n = layout_args(n_override, get(plotattributes, :layout, n_override))
+function layout_args(plotattributes::KW, n_override::Integer)
+    layout, n = layout_args(get(plotattributes, :layout, n_override))
    if n != n_override
        error("When doing layout, n ($n) != n_override ($(n_override)).  You're probably trying to force existing plots into a layout that doesn't fit them.")
    end
@@ -481,27 +481,12 @@ function layout_args(n::Integer)
    GridLayout(nr, nc), n
 end

-function layout_args(sztup::NTuple{2, Integer})
+function layout_args(sztup::NTuple{2,I}) where I<:Integer
    nr, nc = sztup
    GridLayout(nr, nc), nr*nc
 end

-layout_args(n_override::Integer, n::Integer) = layout_args(n)
-layout_args(n, sztup::NTuple{2, Integer}) = layout_args(sztup)
-
-function layout_args(n, sztup::Tuple{Colon, Integer})
-    nc = sztup[2]
-    nr = ceil(Int, n / nc)
-    GridLayout(nr, nc), n
-end
-
-function layout_args(n, sztup::Tuple{Integer, Colon})
-    nr = sztup[1]
-    nc = ceil(Int, n / nr)
-    GridLayout(nr, nc), n
-end
-
-function layout_args(sztup::NTuple{3, Integer})
+function layout_args(sztup::NTuple{3,I}) where I<:Integer
    n, nr, nc = sztup
    nr, nc = compute_gridsize(n, nr, nc)
    GridLayout(nr, nc), n
@@ -514,8 +499,6 @@ function layout_args(layout::GridLayout)
    layout, n
 end

-layout_args(n_override::Integer, layout::GridLayout) = layout_args(layout)
-
 layout_args(huh) = error("unhandled layout type $(typeof(huh)): $huh")


@@ -616,7 +599,7 @@ end
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 # @layout macro

-function add_layout_pct!(kw::AKW, v::Expr, idx::Integer, nidx::Integer)
+function add_layout_pct!(kw::KW, v::Expr, idx::Integer, nidx::Integer)
    # dump(v)
    # something like {0.2w}?
    if v.head == :call && v.args[1] == :*
@@ -637,7 +620,7 @@ function add_layout_pct!(kw::AKW, v::Expr, idx::Integer, nidx::Integer)
    error("Couldn't match layout curly (idx=$idx): $v")
 end

-function add_layout_pct!(kw::AKW, v::Number, idx::Integer)
+function add_layout_pct!(kw::KW, v::Number, idx::Integer)
    # kw[idx == 1 ? :w : :h] = v*pct
    idx == 1 && (kw[:w] = v*pct)
    (idx == 2 || nidx == 1) && (kw[:h] = v*pct)
@@ -55,7 +55,9 @@ tex(fn::AbstractString) = tex(current(), fn)
 function html(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
    fn = addExtension(fn, "html")
    io = open(fn, "w")
+    _use_remote[] = true
    show(io, MIME("text/html"), plt)
+    _use_remote[] = false
    close(io)
 end
 html(fn::AbstractString) = html(current(), fn)
@@ -72,7 +74,6 @@ const _savemap = Dict(
    "eps" => eps,
    "tex" => tex,
    "html" => html,
-    "tikz" => tex,
  )

 function getExtension(fn::AbstractString)
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ type is inferred from the file extension. All backends support png and pdf
 file types, some also support svg, ps, eps, html and tex.
 """
 function savefig(plt::Plot, fn::AbstractString)
-  fn = abspath(expanduser(fn))
+
  # get the extension
  local ext
  try
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ end
 # for writing to io streams... first prepare, then callback
 for mime in ("text/plain", "text/html", "image/png", "image/eps", "image/svg+xml",
             "application/eps", "application/pdf", "application/postscript",
-             "application/x-tex", "application/vnd.plotly.v1+json")
+             "application/x-tex")
    @eval function Base.show(io::IO, m::MIME{Symbol($mime)}, plt::Plot)
        if haskey(io, :juno_plotsize)
          showjuno(io, m, plt)
@@ -198,12 +199,9 @@ for mime in ("text/plain", "text/html", "image/png", "image/eps", "image/svg+xml
          prepare_output(plt)
          _show(io, m, plt)
        end
-        return nothing
    end
 end

-Base.show(io::IO, m::MIME"application/prs.juno.plotpane+html", plt::Plot) = showjuno(io, MIME("text/html"), plt)
-
 # default text/plain for all backends
 _show(io::IO, ::MIME{Symbol("text/plain")}, plt::Plot) = show(io, plt)

@@ -232,16 +230,15 @@ closeall() = closeall(backend())
 # Atom PlotPane
 # ---------------------------------------------------------
 function showjuno(io::IO, m, plt)
-    sz = collect(plt[:size])
+    sz = plt[:size]
    dpi = plt[:dpi]
    thickness_scaling = plt[:thickness_scaling]

    jsize = get(io, :juno_plotsize, [400, 500])
-    jratio = get(io, :juno_dpi_ratio, 1)

    scale = minimum(jsize[i] / sz[i] for i in 1:2)
-    plt[:size] = [s * scale for s in sz]
-    plt[:dpi] = jratio*Plots.DPI
+    plt[:size] = (s * scale for s in sz)
+    plt[:dpi] = Plots.DPI
    plt[:thickness_scaling] *= scale

    prepare_output(plt)
@@ -262,6 +259,4 @@ function _showjuno(io::IO, m::MIME"image/svg+xml", plt)
  end
 end

-Base.showable(::MIME"application/prs.juno.plotpane+html", plt::Plot) = false
-
 _showjuno(io::IO, m, plt) = _show(io, m, plt)
@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------
 # preprocessing

-function series_idx(kw_list::AVec{KW}, kw::AKW)
+function command_idx(kw_list::AVec{KW}, kw::KW)
    Int(kw[:series_plotindex]) - Int(kw_list[1][:series_plotindex]) + 1
 end

-function _expand_seriestype_array(plotattributes::AKW, args)
+function _expand_seriestype_array(plotattributes::KW, args)
    sts = get(plotattributes, :seriestype, :path)
    if typeof(sts) <: AbstractArray
-        reset_kw!(plotattributes, :seriestype)
+        delete!(plotattributes, :seriestype)
        rd = Vector{RecipeData}(undef, size(sts, 1))
-        for r in axes(sts, 1)
+        for r in 1:size(sts, 1)
            dc = copy(plotattributes)
            dc[:seriestype] = sts[r:r,:]
            rd[r] = RecipeData(dc, args)
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ function _expand_seriestype_array(plotattributes::AKW, args)
    end
 end

-function _preprocess_args(plotattributes::AKW, args, still_to_process::Vector{RecipeData})
+function _preprocess_args(plotattributes::KW, args, still_to_process::Vector{RecipeData})
    # the grouping mechanism is a recipe on a GroupBy object
    # we simply add the GroupBy object to the front of the args list to allow
    # the recipe to be applied
@@ -42,11 +42,9 @@ function _preprocess_args(plotattributes::AKW, args, still_to_process::Vector{Re
        for (k,v) in plotattributes
            for defdict in (_subplot_defaults,
                            _axis_defaults,
-                            _axis_defaults_byletter[:x],
-                            _axis_defaults_byletter[:y],
-                            _axis_defaults_byletter[:z])
+                            _axis_defaults_byletter)
                if haskey(defdict, k)
-                    reset_kw!(plotattributes, k)
+                    delete!(plotattributes, k)
                end
            end
        end
@@ -59,7 +57,7 @@ end
 # user recipes


-function _process_userrecipes(plt::Plot, plotattributes::AKW, args)
+function _process_userrecipes(plt::Plot, plotattributes::KW, args)
    still_to_process = RecipeData[]
    args = _preprocess_args(plotattributes, args, still_to_process)

@@ -110,7 +108,7 @@ function _process_userrecipe(plt::Plot, kw_list::Vector{KW}, recipedata::RecipeD
    return
 end

-function _preprocess_userrecipe(kw::AKW)
+function _preprocess_userrecipe(kw::KW)
    _add_markershape(kw)

    # if there was a grouping, filter the data here
@@ -128,17 +126,17 @@ function _preprocess_userrecipe(kw::AKW)
    end

    # convert a ribbon into a fillrange
-    if get(kw, :ribbon, nothing) !== nothing
+    if get(kw, :ribbon, nothing) != nothing
        make_fillrange_from_ribbon(kw)
    end
    return
 end

-function _add_errorbar_kw(kw_list::Vector{KW}, kw::AKW)
+function _add_errorbar_kw(kw_list::Vector{KW}, kw::KW)
    # handle error bars by creating new recipedata data... these will have
    # the same recipedata index as the recipedata they are copied from
    for esym in (:xerror, :yerror)
-        if get(kw, esym, nothing) !== nothing
+        if get(kw, esym, nothing) != nothing
            # we make a copy of the KW and apply an errorbar recipe
            errkw = copy(kw)
            errkw[:seriestype] = esym
@@ -149,7 +147,7 @@ function _add_errorbar_kw(kw_list::Vector{KW}, kw::AKW)
    end
 end

-function _add_smooth_kw(kw_list::Vector{KW}, kw::AKW)
+function _add_smooth_kw(kw_list::Vector{KW}, kw::KW)
    # handle smoothing by adding a new series
    if get(kw, :smooth, false)
        x, y = kw[:x], kw[:y]
@@ -174,7 +172,7 @@ end
 # to generate a list of RecipeData objects (data + attributes).
 # If we applied a "plot recipe" without error, then add the returned datalist's KWs,
 # otherwise we just add the original KW.
-function _process_plotrecipe(plt::Plot, kw::AKW, kw_list::Vector{KW}, still_to_process::Vector{KW})
+function _process_plotrecipe(plt::Plot, kw::KW, kw_list::Vector{KW}, still_to_process::Vector{KW})
    if !isa(get(kw, :seriestype, nothing), Symbol)
        # seriestype was never set, or it's not a Symbol, so it can't be a plot recipe
        push!(kw_list, kw)
@@ -205,7 +203,7 @@ end
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------
 # setup plot and subplot

-function _plot_setup(plt::Plot, plotattributes::AKW, kw_list::Vector{KW})
+function _plot_setup(plt::Plot, plotattributes::KW, kw_list::Vector{KW})
    # merge in anything meant for the Plot
    for kw in kw_list, (k,v) in kw
        haskey(_plot_defaults, k) && (plotattributes[k] = pop!(kw, k))
@@ -229,7 +227,7 @@ function _plot_setup(plt::Plot, plotattributes::AKW, kw_list::Vector{KW})

    # handle inset subplots
    insets = plt[:inset_subplots]
-    if insets !== nothing
+    if insets != nothing
        if !(typeof(insets) <: AVec)
            insets = [insets]
        end
@@ -254,7 +252,7 @@ function _plot_setup(plt::Plot, plotattributes::AKW, kw_list::Vector{KW})
    plt[:inset_subplots] = nothing
 end

-function _subplot_setup(plt::Plot, plotattributes::AKW, kw_list::Vector{KW})
+function _subplot_setup(plt::Plot, plotattributes::KW, kw_list::Vector{KW})
    # we'll keep a map of subplot to an attribute override dict.
    # Subplot/Axis attributes set by a user/series recipe apply only to the
    # Subplot object which they belong to.
@@ -263,16 +261,16 @@ function _subplot_setup(plt::Plot, plotattributes::AKW, kw_list::Vector{KW})
    for kw in kw_list
        # get the Subplot object to which the series belongs.
        sps = get(kw, :subplot, :auto)
-        sp = get_subplot(plt, _cycle(sps == :auto ? plt.subplots : plt.subplots[sps], series_idx(kw_list,kw)))
+        sp = get_subplot(plt, _cycle(sps == :auto ? plt.subplots : plt.subplots[sps], command_idx(kw_list,kw)))
        kw[:subplot] = sp

        # extract subplot/axis attributes from kw and add to sp_attr
        attr = KW()
        for (k,v) in collect(kw)
-            if is_subplot_attr(k) || is_axis_attr(k)
+            if haskey(_subplot_defaults, k) || haskey(_axis_defaults_byletter, k)
                attr[k] = pop!(kw, k)
            end
-            if is_axis_attr_noletter(k)
+            if haskey(_axis_defaults, k)
                v = pop!(kw, k)
                for letter in (:x,:y,:z)
                    attr[Symbol(letter,k)] = v
@@ -305,7 +303,7 @@ end

 # getting ready to add the series... last update to subplot from anything
 # that might have been added during series recipes
-function _prepare_subplot(plt::Plot{T}, plotattributes::AKW) where T
+function _prepare_subplot(plt::Plot{T}, plotattributes::KW) where T
    st::Symbol = plotattributes[:seriestype]
    sp::Subplot{T} = plotattributes[:subplot]
    sp_idx = get_subplot_index(plt, sp)
@@ -329,7 +327,7 @@ end
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------
 # series types

-function _override_seriestype_check(plotattributes::AKW, st::Symbol)
+function _override_seriestype_check(plotattributes::KW, st::Symbol)
    # do we want to override the series type?
    if !is3d(st) && !(st in (:contour,:contour3d))
        z = plotattributes[:z]
@@ -341,7 +339,7 @@ function _override_seriestype_check(plotattributes::AKW, st::Symbol)
    st
 end

-function _prepare_annotations(sp::Subplot, plotattributes::AKW)
+function _prepare_annotations(sp::Subplot, plotattributes::KW)
    # strip out series annotations (those which are based on series x/y coords)
    # and add them to the subplot attr
    sp_anns = annotations(sp[:annotations])
@@ -358,7 +356,7 @@ function _prepare_annotations(sp::Subplot, plotattributes::AKW)
    # sp.attr[:annotations] = vcat(sp_anns, series_anns)
 end

-function _expand_subplot_extrema(sp::Subplot, plotattributes::AKW, st::Symbol)
+function _expand_subplot_extrema(sp::Subplot, plotattributes::KW, st::Symbol)
    # adjust extrema and discrete info
    if st == :image
        xmin, xmax = ignorenan_extrema(plotattributes[:x]); ymin, ymax = ignorenan_extrema(plotattributes[:y])
@@ -387,8 +385,7 @@ end

 # this method recursively applies series recipes when the seriestype is not supported
 # natively by the backend
-function _process_seriesrecipe(plt::Plot, plotattributes::AKW)
-    #println("process $(typeof(plotattributes))")
+function _process_seriesrecipe(plt::Plot, plotattributes::KW)
    # replace seriestype aliases
    st = Symbol(plotattributes[:seriestype])
    st = plotattributes[:seriestype] = get(_typeAliases, st, st)
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ mutable struct CurrentPlot
 end
 const CURRENT_PLOT = CurrentPlot(nothing)

-isplotnull() = CURRENT_PLOT.nullableplot === nothing
+isplotnull() = CURRENT_PLOT.nullableplot == nothing

 """
    current()
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ function plot(plt1::Plot, plts_tail::Plot...; kw...)

    series_attr = KW()
    for (k,v) in plotattributes
-        if is_series_attr(k)
+        if haskey(_series_defaults, k)
            series_attr[k] = pop!(plotattributes,k)
        end
    end
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ function plot(plt1::Plot, plts_tail::Plot...; kw...)
        sp.attr[:subplot_index] = idx
        for series in serieslist
            merge!(series.plotattributes, series_attr)
-            _slice_series_args!(series.plotattributes, plt, sp, cmdidx)
+            _add_defaults!(series.plotattributes, plt, sp, cmdidx)
            push!(plt.series_list, series)
            _series_added(plt, series)
            cmdidx += 1
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ end
 # this is the core plotting function.  recursively apply recipes to build
 # a list of series KW dicts.
 # note: at entry, we only have those preprocessed args which were passed in... no default values yet
-function _plot!(plt::Plot, plotattributes::AKW, args::Tuple)
+function _plot!(plt::Plot, plotattributes::KW, args::Tuple)
    plotattributes[:plot_object] = plt

    if !isempty(args) && !isdefined(Main, :StatsPlots) &&
@@ -217,20 +217,21 @@ function _plot!(plt::Plot, plotattributes::AKW, args::Tuple)

    for kw in kw_list
        sp::Subplot = kw[:subplot]
+        # idx = get_subplot_index(plt, sp)

-        # in series attributes given as vector with one element per series,
-        # select the value for current series
-        _slice_series_args!(kw, plt, sp, series_idx(kw_list,kw))
+        # # we update subplot args in case something like the color palatte is part of the recipe
+        # _update_subplot_args(plt, sp, kw, idx, true)

+        # set default values, select from attribute cycles, and generally set the final attributes
+        _add_defaults!(kw, plt, sp, command_idx(kw_list,kw))

-        series_attr = Attr(kw, _series_defaults)
        # now we have a fully specified series, with colors chosen.   we must recursively handle
        # series recipes, which dispatch on seriestype.  If a backend does not natively support a seriestype,
        # we check for a recipe that will convert that series type into one made up of lower-level components.
        # For example, a histogram is just a bar plot with binned data, a bar plot is really a filled step plot,
        # and a step plot is really just a path.  So any backend that supports drawing a path will implicitly
        # be able to support step, bar, and histogram plots (and any recipes that use those components).
-        _process_seriesrecipe(plt, series_attr)
+        _process_seriesrecipe(plt, kw)
    end

    # --------------------------------
@@ -50,13 +50,8 @@ function plotattr(attrtype::Symbol, attribute::AbstractString)

    desc = get(_arg_desc, attribute, "")
    first_period_idx = findfirst(isequal('.'), desc)
-    if isnothing(first_period_idx) 
-        typedesc = ""
-        desc = strip(desc)
-    else
-        typedesc = desc[1:first_period_idx-1]
-        desc = strip(desc[first_period_idx+1:end])
-    end
+    typedesc = desc[1:first_period_idx-1]
+    desc = strip(desc[first_period_idx+1:end])
    als = keys(filter(x->x[2]==attribute, _keyAliases)) |> collect |> sort
    als = join(map(string,als), ", ")
    def = _attribute_defaults[attrtype][attribute]
@@ -1,788 +1,3 @@
 function _precompile_()
    ccall(:jl_generating_output, Cint, ()) == 1 || return nothing
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#@layout")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#@layout")), LineNumberNode, Module, Expr})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")), NamedTuple{(:normed, :weights), Tuple{Bool, Array{Int64, 1}}}, typeof(Plots._make_hist), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}, Symbol})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")), NamedTuple{(:normed, :weights), Tuple{Bool, Nothing}}, typeof(Plots._make_hist), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Int64})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")), NamedTuple{(:normed, :weights), Tuple{Bool, Nothing}}, typeof(Plots._make_hist), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Tuple{Int64, Int64}})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##_make_hist")), NamedTuple{(:normed, :weights), Tuple{Bool, Nothing}}, typeof(Plots._make_hist), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}, Symbol})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:flip,), Tuple{Bool}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:foreground_color_grid, :grid, :gridalpha, :gridstyle, :gridlinewidth), Tuple{ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Bool, Float64, Symbol, Int64}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:formatter,), Tuple{Symbol}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:grid, :lims), Tuple{Bool, Tuple{Int64, Int64}}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:grid, :lims, :flip), Tuple{Bool, Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Bool}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:grid, :ticks), Tuple{Bool, Nothing}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:grid,), Tuple{Bool}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:grid,), Tuple{Bool}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:guide,), Tuple{String}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:lims, :flip, :ticks, :guide), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Bool, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, String}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:lims,), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Float64}}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:lims,), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Int64}}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:lims,), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Int64}}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:rotation,), Tuple{Int64}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:scale, :guide), Tuple{Symbol, String}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:ticks,), Tuple{Base.UnitRange{Int64}}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##attr!")), NamedTuple{(:ticks,), Tuple{Nothing}}, typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##contour")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##contour")), NamedTuple{(:fill,), Tuple{Bool}}, typeof(Plots.contour), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Int})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_polyline")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_polyline")), NamedTuple{(:arrowside, :arrowstyle), Tuple{Symbol, Symbol}}, typeof(Plots.gr_polyline), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_polyline")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_polyline")), NamedTuple{(:arrowside, :arrowstyle), Tuple{Symbol, Symbol}}, typeof(Plots.gr_polyline), Array{Int64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_polyline")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_polyline")), NamedTuple{(:arrowside, :arrowstyle), Tuple{Symbol, Symbol}}, typeof(Plots.gr_polyline), Base.UnitRange{Int64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_set_font")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##gr_set_font")), NamedTuple{(:halign, :valign, :rotation), Tuple{Symbol, Symbol, Int64}}, typeof(Plots.gr_set_font), Plots.Font})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##heatmap")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##heatmap")), NamedTuple{(:aspect_ratio,), Tuple{Int64}}, typeof(Plots.heatmap), Array{String, 1}, Int})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##histogram")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##histogram")), NamedTuple{(:bins, :weights), Tuple{Symbol, Array{Int64, 1}}}, typeof(Plots.histogram), Array{Float64, 1}})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##histogram2d")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##histogram2d")), NamedTuple{(:nbins, :show_empty_bins, :normed, :aspect_ratio), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Bool, Bool, Int64}}, typeof(Plots.histogram2d), Array{Base.Complex{Float64}, 1}})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##histogram2d")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##histogram2d")), NamedTuple{(:nbins,), Tuple{Int64}}, typeof(Plots.histogram2d), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##hline!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##hline!")), NamedTuple{(:line,), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Symbol, Float64, Array{Symbol, 2}}}}, typeof(Plots.hline!), Array{Float64, 2}})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##pie")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##pie")), NamedTuple{(:title, :l), Tuple{String, Float64}}, typeof(Plots.pie), Array{String, 1}, Int})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##portfoliocomposition")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##portfoliocomposition")), NamedTuple{(:labels,), Tuple{Array{String, 2}}}, typeof(Plots.portfoliocomposition), Array{Float64, 2}, Int})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter!")), NamedTuple{(:marker, :series_annotations), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Float64, Symbol}, Array{Any, 1}}}, typeof(Plots.scatter!), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Int})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter!")), NamedTuple{(:markersize, :c), Tuple{Int64, Symbol}}, typeof(Plots.scatter!), Array{Float64, 1}})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter!")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter!")), NamedTuple{(:zcolor, :m, :ms, :lab), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Symbol, Float64, Plots.Stroke}, Array{Float64, 1}, String}}, typeof(Plots.scatter!), Array{Float64, 1}})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter")), NamedTuple{(:framestyle, :title, :color, :layout, :label, :markerstrokewidth, :ticks), Tuple{Array{Symbol, 2}, Array{String, 2}, Base.ReshapedArray{Int64, 2, Base.UnitRange{Int64}, Tuple{}}, Int64, String, Int64, Base.UnitRange{Int64}}}, typeof(Plots.scatter), Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##scatter")), NamedTuple{(:m, :lab, :bg, :xlim, :ylim), Tuple{Tuple{Int64, Symbol}, Array{String, 2}, Symbol, Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Tuple{Int64, Int64}}}, typeof(Plots.scatter), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Int})
-    isdefined(Plots, Symbol("#kw##test_examples")) && precompile(Tuple{getfield(Plots, Symbol("#kw##test_examples")), NamedTuple{(:disp,), Tuple{Bool}}, typeof(Plots.test_examples), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.__init__)})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_errorbar_kw), Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_errorbar_kw), Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_markershape), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_markershape), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_smooth_kw), Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_smooth_kw), Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_the_series), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._add_the_series), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._apply_type_recipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._apply_type_recipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._apply_type_recipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Function, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._apply_type_recipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{String, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._apply_type_recipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Union{Base.Missing, Int64}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._apply_type_recipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, typeof(identity)})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._backend_instance), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._backend_instance), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._bin_centers), Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._binbarlike_baseline), Float64, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cbar_unique), Array{Nothing, 1}, String})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cbar_unique), Array{PlotUtils.ColorGradient, 1}, String})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._create_backend_figure), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Array{Any, 1}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Int64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Array{Float64, 1}, Base.UnitRange{Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Array{Float64, 1}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Array{Plots.Subplot{T} where T<:RecipesBase.AbstractBackend, 1}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Array{String, 1}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Base.OneTo{Int64}, Array{Int64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Float64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Int64, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Int64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Nothing, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Plots.Shape, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._cycle), Symbol, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._display), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._display), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._do_plot_show), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._do_plot_show), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Base.Complex{Float64}, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Int64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Plots.OHLC{T} where T<:Real, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Union{Base.Missing, Int64}, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Base.Complex{Float64}, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Function, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Function, 1}, Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Int64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Plots.OHLC{T} where T<:Real, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{String, 1}, Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Array{Union{Base.Missing, Int64}, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Plots.PortfolioComposition}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, Plots.Spy}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy, typeof(Base.log), Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.GroupBy}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.PortfolioComposition}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.Spy}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{typeof(Base.log), Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_seriestype_array), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_subplot_extrema), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._expand_subplot_extrema), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._filter_input_data!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._heatmap_edges), Array{Float64, 1}, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._hist_edge), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}, Int64, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._hist_edges), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._hist_edges), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Tuple{Int64, Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._hist_edges), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._override_seriestype_check), Plots.Attr, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._pick_default_backend)})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._pick_default_backend)})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Base.Complex{Float64}, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Int64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Plots.OHLC{T} where T<:Real, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Union{Base.Missing, Int64}, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.PortfolioComposition}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.Spy}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{typeof(Base.log), Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot_setup), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plot_setup), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._plots_defaults)})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._prepare_annotations), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._prepare_annotations), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._prepare_subplot), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._prepare_subplot), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Base.Complex{Float64}, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Base.UnitRange{Int64}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Int64}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Int64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Plots.OHLC{T} where T<:Real, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Union{Base.Missing, Int64}, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Array{Float64, 2}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.UnitRange{Int64}}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.PortfolioComposition}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.Spy}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{typeof(Base.log), Int64}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{}, Array{RecipesBase.RecipeData, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_barlike), Plots.Attr, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_barlike), Plots.Attr, Array{Int64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_barlike), Plots.Attr, Base.OneTo{Int64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_binlike), Plots.Attr, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_userrecipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._preprocess_userrecipe), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_plotrecipe), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_plotrecipe), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_seriesrecipe), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_seriesrecipe), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_seriesrecipe), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipe), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, RecipesBase.RecipeData})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipe), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, RecipesBase.RecipeData})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}, Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Base.Complex{Float64}, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Function, 1}, Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Int64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Plots.OHLC{T} where T<:Real, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{String, 1}, Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Array{Union{Base.Missing, Int64}, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Base.UnitRange{Int64}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.PortfolioComposition}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Plots.Spy}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{typeof(Base.log), Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._process_userrecipes), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._replace_linewidth), Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._replace_linewidth), Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._replace_markershape), Array{Symbol, 2}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._replace_markershape), Plots.Shape})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._scale_adjusted_values), Type{Float64}, Array{Float64, 1}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._series_index), Plots.Attr, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._show), Base.IOStream, Base.Multimedia.MIME{Symbol("image/png")}, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._slice_series_args!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._slice_series_args!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._subplot_setup), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._subplot_setup), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._transform_ticks), Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._transform_ticks), Base.UnitRange{Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._transform_ticks), Nothing})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._transform_ticks), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis), Plots.Axis, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis), Plots.Axis, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis), Plots.Axis, Plots.Attr, Symbol, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis), Plots.Axis, Plots.Attr, Symbol, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr, Symbol, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr, Symbol, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis_colors), Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis_colors), Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis_links), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_axis_links), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_clims), Float64, Float64, Float64, Float64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_clims), Float64, Float64, Int64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_min_padding!), Plots.GridLayout})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_min_padding!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_min_padding!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_plot_args), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_plot_args), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_plot_args), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_plot_args), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_series_attributes!), Plots.Attr, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_series_attributes!), Plots.Attr, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_series_attributes!), Plots.Attr, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_args), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_args), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_args), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr, Int64, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_args), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr, Int64, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_colors), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_colors), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_periphery), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Array{Any, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots._update_subplot_periphery), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Array{Any, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.addExtension), String, String})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.add_layout_pct!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Expr, Int64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.add_layout_pct!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Expr, Int64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.aliasesAndAutopick), Plots.Attr, Symbol, Base.Dict{Symbol, Symbol}, Array{Symbol, 1}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.aliasesAndAutopick), Plots.Attr, Symbol, Base.Dict{Symbol, Symbol}, Array{Symbol, 1}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.all3D), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.all3D), Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.allAlphas), Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.allReals), Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.allStyles), Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.allStyles), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.annotate!), Array{Tuple{Int64, Float64, Plots.PlotText}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.annotations), Array{Any, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.arrow), Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.attr!), Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.attr), Plots.EmptyLayout, Symbol, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.attr), Plots.EmptyLayout, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.autopick), Array{ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, 1}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.autopick_ignore_none_auto), Array{Symbol, 1}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.axis_drawing_info), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.axis_drawing_info_3d), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.axis_limits), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol, Bool, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.axis_limits), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.backend), Plots.GRBackend})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.backend), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.backend), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.backend)})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.backend)})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.bar), Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.bbox!), Plots.GridLayout, Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.bbox!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.bottom), Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.bottompad), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.build_layout), Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.build_layout), Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.build_layout), Plots.GridLayout, Int64, Array{Plots.Plot{T} where T<:RecipesBase.AbstractBackend, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.build_layout), Plots.GridLayout, Int64, Array{Plots.Plot{T} where T<:RecipesBase.AbstractBackend, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.build_layout), Plots.GridLayout, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.build_layout), Plots.GridLayout, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.calc_num_subplots), Plots.EmptyLayout})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.calc_num_subplots), Plots.GridLayout})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.color_or_nothing!), Plots.Attr, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.color_or_nothing!), Plots.Attr, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.colorbar_style), Plots.Series})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_gridsize), Int64, Int64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Nothing})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Plots.Surface{Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Array{Float64, 1}, typeof(identity), Nothing})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Array{Float64, 1}, typeof(identity), Nothing})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Nothing})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Array{String, 1}, Array{String, 1}, Plots.Surface{Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Nothing, Array{Float64, 1}, Nothing})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Nothing, Array{Union{Base.Missing, Float64}, 1}, Nothing})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.compute_xyz), Nothing, Nothing, Nothing})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.contour), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Int})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.contour_levels), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertLegendValue), Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertLegendValue), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertToAnyVector), Array{Array{Float64, 1}, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertToAnyVector), Array{Array{T, 1} where T, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertToAnyVector), Array{Float64, 2}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertToAnyVector), Array{Function, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertToAnyVector), Array{Function, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convertToAnyVector), Int64, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convert_sci_unicode), String})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.convert_to_polar), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Int64, Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.create_grid), Expr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.create_grid), Expr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.create_grid), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.create_grid_curly), Expr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.create_grid_curly), Expr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.create_grid_vcat), Expr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.create_grid_vcat), Expr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.default), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.default_should_widen), Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.discrete_value!), Plots.Axis, Array{String, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.discrete_value!), Plots.Axis, Array{Union{Base.Missing, Float64}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.discrete_value!), Plots.Axis, Base.Missing})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.discrete_value!), Plots.Axis, Char})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.discrete_value!), Plots.Axis, String})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ensure_gradient!), Plots.Attr, Symbol, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ensure_gradient!), Plots.Attr, Symbol, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ensure_gradient!), Plots.Attr, Symbol, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Array{Int64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Array{Int64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Base.OneTo{Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Base.OneTo{Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Base.UnitRange{Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Float64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Plots.Surface{Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Plots.Surface{Array{Float64, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Axis, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.expand_extrema!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.extendSeriesData), Array{Float64, 1}, Float64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.extractGroupArgs), Array{String, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.fakedata), Int64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.fakedata), Int64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.fg_color), Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.fg_color), Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.filter_data!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Int64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.filter_data), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Int64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.filter_data), Base.OneTo{Int64}, Array{Int64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.filter_data), Nothing, Array{Int64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.font), Int64, Int})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.font), String, Int})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.font), Symbol, Int})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.frame), Plots.Animation, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.frame), Plots.Animation})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_axis), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_axis), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_clims), Plots.Series})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_clims), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Series})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_clims), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_fillalpha), Plots.Series, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_fillalpha), Plots.Series})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_fillcolor), Plots.Series, Float64, Float64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_fillcolor), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_fillcolor), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linealpha), Plots.Series, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linecolor), Plots.Series, Float64, Float64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linecolor), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linecolor), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linestyle), Plots.Series, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_linewidth), Plots.Series, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_markeralpha), Plots.Series, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_markercolor), Plots.Series, Float64, Float64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_markerstrokealpha), Plots.Series, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_markerstrokecolor), Plots.Series, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_minor_ticks), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Any, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_minor_ticks), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{String, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_series_color), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_series_color), Int64, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_series_color), PlotUtils.ColorGradient, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_series_color), Symbol, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_series_color), Symbol, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_subplot), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_ticks), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_ticks), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_xy), Array{Plots.OHLC{T} where T<:Real, 1}, Base.OneTo{Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.get_xy), Plots.OHLC{Float64}, Int64, Float64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.getxy), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_axis_height), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_axis_width), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_color), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Type{ColorTypes.RGB{Float64}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_colorbar_colors), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_contour_levels), Plots.Series, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_display), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, String})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_display), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, String})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_display), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_colorbar), Plots.GRColorbar, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_marker), Float64, Float64, Int64, Plots.Shape})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_marker), Float64, Float64, Int64, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_marker), Int64, Float64, Float64, Plots.Shape})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_marker), Int64, Float64, Float64, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_marker), Int64, Float64, Int64, Plots.Shape})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_marker), Int64, Float64, Int64, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Array{Int64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Array{Int64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Base.OneTo{Int64}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Base.OneTo{Int64}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Base.OneTo{Int64}, Array{Float64, 1}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_draw_markers), Plots.Series, Float64, Float64, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_fill_viewport), Array{Float64, 1}, ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_get_color), Plots.Series})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_get_ticks_size), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Any, 1}}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_get_ticks_size), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{String, 1}}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_inqtext), Int64, Int64, String})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_legend_pos), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Float64, Float64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_polaraxes), Int64, Float64, Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_polyline), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, typeof(identity)})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_polyline), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_fill), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_fillcolor), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_font), Plots.Font})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_font), Plots.Font})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_gradient), PlotUtils.ColorGradient})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_gradient), Plots.Series})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_line), Float64, Symbol, ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_line), Int64, Symbol, ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_line), Int64, Symbol, PlotUtils.ColorGradient})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_linecolor), PlotUtils.ColorGradient})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_markercolor), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_textcolor), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_transparency), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Float64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_transparency), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Nothing})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_viewport_cmap), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_viewport_polar)})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_xticks_font), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_xticks_font), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_yticks_font), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_set_yticks_font), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_text), Float64, Float64, String})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_text_size), String, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_text_size), String})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_update_colorbar!), Plots.GRColorbar, Plots.Series})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_viewport_from_bbox), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gr_w3tondc), Float64, Float64, Float64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.gui), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.guidefont), Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.guidefont), Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Symbol, 2}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Symbol, 2}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Symbol, 2}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Shape, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.handleColors!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.has_attribute_segments), Plots.Series})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.hascolorbar), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.hasgrid), Symbol, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Array{Float64, 1}, Symbol, Array{Float64, 1}, Symbol, Tuple{Int64, Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Array{Float64, 1}, Symbol, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Array{Float64, 1}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Symbol, Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Symbol, Tuple{Int64, Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Symbol, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Symbol, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.heatmap_edges), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_extrema), Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_extrema), Array{Float64, 2}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_extrema), Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_extrema), Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_maximum), Base.OneTo{Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_minimum), Array{Int64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ignorenan_minimum), Base.OneTo{Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.inline), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is3d), Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is3d), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is3d), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_2tuple), Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_2tuple), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_axis_attr), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_marker_supported), Plots.GRBackend, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_marker_supported), Plots.Shape})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_marker_supported), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_marker_supported), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_scale_supported), Plots.GRBackend, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_seriestype_supported), Plots.GRBackend, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_seriestype_supported), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_seriestype_supported), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_style_supported), Plots.GRBackend, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.is_uniformly_spaced), Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iscontour), Plots.Series})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.isijulia)})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ispolar), Plots.Series})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ispolar), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.isvertical), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.isvertical), Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.isvertical), Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iter_segments), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iter_segments), Array{Int64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iter_segments), Base.OneTo{Int64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iter_segments), Base.UnitRange{Int64}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.iter_segments), Plots.Series})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.labelfunc), Symbol, Plots.GRBackend})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Int64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Int64, Plots.GridLayout})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.layout_args), Plots.GridLayout})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.leftpad), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.legendfont), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.legendtitlefont), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.like_histogram), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.like_surface), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_axes!), Array{RecipesBase.AbstractLayout, 1}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_axes!), Array{RecipesBase.AbstractLayout, 1}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_axes!), Plots.Axis, Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_axes!), Plots.Axis, Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_axes!), Plots.GridLayout, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_axes!), Plots.GridLayout, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_axes!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.link_subplots), Array{RecipesBase.AbstractLayout, 1}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.locate_annotation), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Float64, Plots.PlotText})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.make_fillrange_from_ribbon), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.make_fillrange_side), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.make_fillrange_side), Array{Float64, 1}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.make_steps), Array{Float64, 1}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.make_steps), Array{Int64, 1}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.make_steps), Base.OneTo{Int64}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.make_steps), Nothing, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.nanappend!), Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.nobigs), Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ohlc), Array{Plots.OHLC{T} where T<:Real, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.optimal_ticks_and_labels), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.optimal_ticks_and_labels), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Base.UnitRange{Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.optimal_ticks_and_labels), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Nothing})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.optimal_ticks_and_labels), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Axis, Nothing})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.parse_axis_kw), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.pie_labels), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Plots.Series})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.plotarea!), Plots.GridLayout, Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.plotarea!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.png), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, String})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Array{Float64, 2}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Array{Int32, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Array{Int64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Array{Union{Base.Missing, Int64}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Array{Union{Base.Missing, Number}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Array{Union{Base.Missing, Number}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Base.LinRange{Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepareSeriesData), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepare_output), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.prepare_output), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.preprocessArgs!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.preprocessArgs!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.preprocessArgs!), Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.preprocessArgs!), Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processFillArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processFillArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Float64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processFillArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processFillArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processFillArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processFillArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processGridArg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Bool, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processGridArg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Float64, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processGridArg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processGridArg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processGridArg!), Plots.Attr, Bool, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processLineArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Symbol, 2}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processLineArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Symbol, 2}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processLineArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Float64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processLineArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processLineArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processLineArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Symbol, 2}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Array{Symbol, 2}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Float64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Float64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Shape})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Stroke})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.processMarkerArg), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_annotation), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Float64, Plots.PlotText, Plots.Font})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_annotation), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64, Float64, Plots.PlotText})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_axis_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_axis_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, String, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_axis_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_axis_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_fillrange), Int64, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_fillrange), Nothing, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_ribbon), Base.StepRangeLen{Float64, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}, Base.TwicePrecision{Float64}}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_ribbon), Int64, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_ribbon), Nothing, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_ribbon), Tuple{Base.LinRange{Float64}, Base.LinRange{Float64}}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.process_ribbon), typeof(identity), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.recompute_lengths), Array{Measures.Measure, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.replaceAlias!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Base.Dict{Symbol, Symbol}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.replaceAlias!), Plots.Attr, Symbol, Base.Dict{Symbol, Symbol}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.replaceAliases!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Symbol}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.replaceAliases!), Plots.Attr, Base.Dict{Symbol, Symbol}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.reset_axis_defaults_byletter!)})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.reset_extrema!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.right), Measures.BoundingBox{Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}, Tuple{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.rightpad), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.rowsize), Expr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.rowsize), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.series_annotations), Array{Any, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.series_annotations), Plots.SeriesAnnotations})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.series_annotations_shapes!), Plots.Series, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.series_idx), Array{Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, 1}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.setxy!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.shape_data), Plots.Series, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.should_add_to_legend), Plots.Series})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.showaxis), Symbol, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Int64, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Symbol, Int64, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Attr, Symbol, Int64, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}, Plots.Attr, Symbol, Int64, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Plots.Attr, Plots.Attr, Symbol, Int64, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg!), Plots.Attr, Plots.Attr, Symbol, Int64, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Array{ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, 2}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Array{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, 2}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Array{String, 2}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Array{Symbol, 2}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Base.ReshapedArray{Int64, 2, Base.UnitRange{Int64}, Tuple{}}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Base.UnitRange{Int64}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Bool, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Float64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Int64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Nothing, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), String, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Symbol, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Tuple{Int64, Float64}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.slice_arg), Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Array{Int64, 1}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Array{String, 1}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Array{Symbol, 2}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, ColorTypes.RGB{Float64}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Float64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Int64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Plots.GridLayout, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, String, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.splittable_kw), Symbol, Symbol, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.straightline_data), Plots.Series, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.straightline_data), Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Tuple{Float64, Float64}, Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.stroke), Int64, Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.stroke), Int64, Int})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.supported_markers), Plots.GRBackend})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.supported_markers)})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.supported_styles), Plots.GRBackend})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.supported_styles)})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.text), String, Int64, Symbol, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.text), String, Symbol, Int64, Int})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.text), String, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.tickfont), Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.tickfont), Plots.Axis})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.title!), String})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.titlefont), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.titlefont), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.toppad), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.tovec), Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.transpose_z), Plots.Series, Array{Float64, 2}, Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.trueOrAllTrue), typeof(Plots.is3d), Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.trueOrAllTrue), typeof(identity), Array{Symbol, 2}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.unzip), Array{Tuple{Float64, Float64, Float64}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.update_child_bboxes!), Plots.GridLayout, Array{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.update_child_bboxes!), Plots.GridLayout, Array{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.update_child_bboxes!), Plots.GridLayout})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.update_child_bboxes!), Plots.GridLayout})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.update_child_bboxes!), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}, Array{Measures.Length{:mm, Float64}, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.update_inset_bboxes!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.update_inset_bboxes!), Plots.Plot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.vline!), Array{Int64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wand_edges), Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.warnOnUnsupported), Plots.GRBackend, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.warnOnUnsupported), Plots.GRBackend, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.warnOnUnsupported_args), Plots.GRBackend, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.warnOnUnsupported_args), Plots.GRBackend, Plots.Attr})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.warnOnUnsupported_scales), Plots.GRBackend, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.warnOnUnsupported_scales), Plots.GRBackend, Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.widen), Float64, Float64, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wrap_surfaces), Base.Dict{Symbol, Any}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Array{Any, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Array{Float64, 1}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Bool})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Float64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Int64})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Nothing})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Plots.SeriesAnnotations})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Array{Float64, 1}, Array{Float64, 1}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Array{Symbol, 2}, Int64, Float64, Plots.Stroke}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Array{Symbol, 2}, Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Float64, Array{Symbol, 2}, Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Float64, Symbol}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Int64, Array{Symbol, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Int64, Float64, Symbol, Plots.Stroke}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Int64, Float64, Symbol}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Int64, Symbol, Float64, Array{Symbol, 2}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Int64, Symbol, Symbol}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Int64, Symbol}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Plots.Shape, Int64, ColorTypes.RGBA{Float64}}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{String, Symbol}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{String, Tuple{Int64, Int64}, Base.StepRange{Int64, Int64}, Symbol}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Symbol, Float64, Plots.Stroke}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Symbol, Int64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{Symbol, Symbol, Symbol, Int64, Float64}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.wraptuple), Tuple{}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.xlims), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.yaxis!), String, Symbol})
-    precompile(Tuple{typeof(Plots.ylims), Plots.Subplot{Plots.GRBackend}})
 end
@@ -47,47 +47,16 @@ end
 num_series(x::AMat) = size(x,2)
 num_series(x) = 1

-RecipesBase.apply_recipe(plotattributes::AKW, ::Type{T}, plt::AbstractPlot) where {T} = throw(MethodError(T, "Unmatched plot recipe: $T"))
+RecipesBase.apply_recipe(plotattributes::KW, ::Type{T}, plt::AbstractPlot) where {T} = throw(MethodError("Unmatched plot recipe: $T"))

 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


 # for seriestype `line`, need to sort by x values
-
-const POTENTIAL_VECTOR_ARGUMENTS = [
-    :seriescolor, :seriesalpha,
-    :linecolor, :linealpha, :linewidth, :linestyle, :line_z,
-    :fillcolor, :fillalpha, :fill_z,
-    :markercolor, :markeralpha, :markershape, :marker_z,
-    :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha,
-    :yerror, :yerror,
-    :series_annotations, :fillrange
-]
-
@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:line}}, x, y, z)
    indices = sortperm(x)
    x := x[indices]
    y := y[indices]
-
-    # sort vector arguments
-    for arg in POTENTIAL_VECTOR_ARGUMENTS
-        if typeof(plotattributes[arg]) <: AVec
-            plotattributes[arg] = _cycle(plotattributes[arg], indices)
-        end
-    end
-
-    # a tuple as fillrange has to be handled differently
-    if typeof(plotattributes[:fillrange]) <: Tuple
-        lower, upper = plotattributes[:fillrange]
-        if typeof(lower) <: AVec
-            lower = _cycle(lower, indices)
-        end
-        if typeof(upper) <: AVec
-            upper = _cycle(upper, indices)
-        end
-        plotattributes[:fillrange] = (lower, upper)
-    end
-
    if typeof(z) <: AVec
        z := z[indices]
    end
@@ -96,6 +65,19 @@ const POTENTIAL_VECTOR_ARGUMENTS = [
 end
@deps line path

+
+function hvline_limits(axis::Axis)
+    vmin, vmax = axis_limits(axis)
+    if vmin >= vmax
+        if isfinite(vmin)
+            vmax = vmin + 1
+        else
+            vmin, vmax = 0.0, 1.1
+        end
+    end
+    vmin, vmax
+end
+
@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:hline}}, x, y, z)
    n = length(y)
    newx = repeat(Float64[-1, 1, NaN], n)
@@ -239,13 +221,12 @@ end
@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:sticks}}, x, y, z)
    n = length(x)
    fr = plotattributes[:fillrange]
-    if fr === nothing
-        sp = plotattributes[:subplot]
-        yaxis = sp[:yaxis]
+    if fr == nothing
+        yaxis = plotattributes[:subplot][:yaxis]
        fr = if yaxis[:scale] == :identity
            0.0
        else
-            NaNMath.min(axis_limits(sp, :y)[1], ignorenan_minimum(y))
+            NaNMath.min(axis_limits(yaxis)[1], ignorenan_minimum(y))
        end
    end
    newx, newy = zeros(3n), zeros(3n)
@@ -291,13 +272,13 @@ end

 # create segmented bezier curves in place of line segments
@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:curves}}, x, y, z; npoints = 30)
-    args = z !== nothing ? (x,y,z) : (x,y)
+    args = z != nothing ? (x,y,z) : (x,y)
    newx, newy = zeros(0), zeros(0)
    fr = plotattributes[:fillrange]
-    newfr = fr !== nothing ? zeros(0) : nothing
-    newz = z !== nothing ? zeros(0) : nothing
+    newfr = fr != nothing ? zeros(0) : nothing
+    newz = z != nothing ? zeros(0) : nothing
    # lz = plotattributes[:line_z]
-    # newlz = lz !== nothing ? zeros(0) : nothing
+    # newlz = lz != nothing ? zeros(0) : nothing

    # for each line segment (point series with no NaNs), convert it into a bezier curve
    # where the points are the control points of the curve
@@ -306,13 +287,13 @@ end
        ts = range(0, stop = 1, length = npoints)
        nanappend!(newx, map(t -> bezier_value(_cycle(x,rng), t), ts))
        nanappend!(newy, map(t -> bezier_value(_cycle(y,rng), t), ts))
-        if z !== nothing
+        if z != nothing
            nanappend!(newz, map(t -> bezier_value(_cycle(z,rng), t), ts))
        end
-        if fr !== nothing
+        if fr != nothing
            nanappend!(newfr, map(t -> bezier_value(_cycle(fr,rng), t), ts))
        end
-        # if lz !== nothing
+        # if lz != nothing
        #     lzrng = _cycle(lz, rng) # the line_z's for this segment
        #     push!(newlz, 0.0)
        #     append!(newlz, map(t -> lzrng[1+floor(Int, t * (length(rng)-1))], ts))
@@ -321,16 +302,16 @@ end

    x := newx
    y := newy
-    if z === nothing
+    if z == nothing
        seriestype := :path
    else
        seriestype := :path3d
        z := newz
    end
-    if fr !== nothing
+    if fr != nothing
        fillrange := newfr
    end
-    # if lz !== nothing
+    # if lz != nothing
    #     # line_z := newlz
    #     linecolor := (isa(plotattributes[:linecolor], ColorGradient) ? plotattributes[:linecolor] : cgrad())
    # end
@@ -357,19 +338,19 @@ end

    # compute half-width of bars
    bw = plotattributes[:bar_width]
-    hw = if bw === nothing
+    hw = if bw == nothing
        if nx > 1
            0.5*_bar_width*ignorenan_minimum(filter(x->x>0, diff(procx)))
        else
            0.5 * _bar_width
        end
    else
-        Float64[0.5_cycle(bw,i) for i=eachindex(procx)]
+        Float64[0.5_cycle(bw,i) for i=1:length(procx)]
    end

    # make fillto a vector... default fills to 0
    fillto = plotattributes[:fillrange]
-    if fillto === nothing
+    if fillto == nothing
        fillto = 0
    end
    if (yscale in _logScales) && !all(_is_positive, fillto)
@@ -491,7 +472,7 @@ end

@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:barbins}}, x, y, z)
    edge, weights, xscale, yscale, baseline = _preprocess_binlike(plotattributes, x, y)
-    if (plotattributes[:bar_width] === nothing)
+    if (plotattributes[:bar_width] == nothing)
        bar_width := diff(edge)
    end
    x := _bin_centers(edge)
@@ -533,20 +514,18 @@ function _stepbins_path(edge, weights, baseline::Real, xscale::Symbol, yscale::S

    last_w = eltype(weights)(NaN)

-    while it_tuple_e !== nothing && it_tuple_w !== nothing
+    while it_tuple_e != nothing && it_tuple_w != nothing
        b, it_state_e = it_tuple_e
        w, it_state_w = it_tuple_w

        if (log_scale_x && a ≈ 0)
-            a = oftype(a, b/_logScaleBases[xscale]^3)
+            a = b/_logScaleBases[xscale]^3
        end

        if isnan(w)
            if !isnan(last_w)
                push!(x, a)
                push!(y, baseline)
-                push!(x, NaN)
-                push!(y, NaN)
            end
        else
            if isnan(last_w)
@@ -559,8 +538,8 @@ function _stepbins_path(edge, weights, baseline::Real, xscale::Symbol, yscale::S
            push!(y, w)
        end

-        a = oftype(a, b)
-        last_w = oftype(last_w, w)
+        a = b
+        last_w = w

        it_tuple_e = iterate(edge, it_state_e)
        it_tuple_w = iterate(weights, it_state_w)
@@ -610,8 +589,7 @@ Plots.@deps stepbins path
 wand_edges(x...) = (@warn("Load the StatsPlots package in order to use :wand bins. Defaulting to :auto", once = true); :auto)

 function _auto_binning_nbins(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}, dim::Integer; mode::Symbol = :auto) where N
-    max_bins = 10_000
-    _cl(x) = min(ceil(Int, max(x, one(x))), max_bins)
+    _cl(x) = ceil(Int, max(x, one(x)))
    _iqr(v) = (q = quantile(v, 0.75) - quantile(v, 0.25); q > 0 ? q : oftype(q, 1))
    _span(v) = maximum(v) - minimum(v)

@@ -638,7 +616,7 @@ function _auto_binning_nbins(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}, dim::Integer; mode::S
    elseif mode == :fd  # Freedman–Diaconis rule
        _cl(_span(v) / (2 * _iqr(v) / nd))
    elseif mode == :wand
-        _cl(wand_edges(v))  # this makes this function not type stable, but the type instability does not propagate
+        wand_edges(v)  # this makes this function not type stable, but the type instability does not propagate
    else
        error("Unknown auto-binning mode $mode")
    end
@@ -667,7 +645,7 @@ end
 function _make_hist(vs::NTuple{N,AbstractVector}, binning; normed = false, weights = nothing) where N
    localvs = _filternans(vs)
    edges = _hist_edges(localvs, binning)
-    h = float( weights === nothing ?
+    h = float( weights == nothing ?
        StatsBase.fit(StatsBase.Histogram, localvs, edges, closed = :left) :
        StatsBase.fit(StatsBase.Histogram, localvs, StatsBase.Weights(weights), edges, closed = :left)
    )
@@ -746,14 +724,12 @@ end
    edge_x, edge_y, weights = x, y, z.surf

    float_weights = float(weights)
-    if !plotattributes[:show_empty_bins]
-        if float_weights === weights
-            float_weights = deepcopy(float_weights)
-        end
-        for (i, c) in enumerate(float_weights)
-            if c == 0
-                float_weights[i] = NaN
-            end
+    if float_weights === weights
+        float_weights = deepcopy(float_weights)
+    end
+    for (i, c) in enumerate(float_weights)
+        if c == 0
+            float_weights[i] = NaN
        end
    end

@@ -813,7 +789,7 @@ end
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Error Bars

-function error_style!(plotattributes::AKW)
+function error_style!(plotattributes::KW)
    plotattributes[:seriestype] = :path
    plotattributes[:linecolor] = plotattributes[:markerstrokecolor]
    plotattributes[:linewidth] = plotattributes[:markerstrokewidth]
@@ -874,8 +850,8 @@ end
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # quiver

-# function apply_series_recipe(plotattributes::AKW, ::Type{Val{:quiver}})
-function quiver_using_arrows(plotattributes::AKW)
+# function apply_series_recipe(plotattributes::KW, ::Type{Val{:quiver}})
+function quiver_using_arrows(plotattributes::KW)
    plotattributes[:label] = ""
    plotattributes[:seriestype] = :path
    if !isa(plotattributes[:arrow], Arrow)
@@ -913,8 +889,8 @@ function quiver_using_arrows(plotattributes::AKW)
    # KW[plotattributes]
 end

-# function apply_series_recipe(plotattributes::AKW, ::Type{Val{:quiver}})
-function quiver_using_hack(plotattributes::AKW)
+# function apply_series_recipe(plotattributes::KW, ::Type{Val{:quiver}})
+function quiver_using_hack(plotattributes::KW)
    plotattributes[:label] = ""
    plotattributes[:seriestype] = :shape

@@ -959,7 +935,7 @@ function quiver_using_hack(plotattributes::AKW)
    # KW[plotattributes]
 end

-# function apply_series_recipe(plotattributes::AKW, ::Type{Val{:quiver}})
+# function apply_series_recipe(plotattributes::KW, ::Type{Val{:quiver}})
@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:quiver}}, x, y, z)
    if :arrow in supported_attrs()
        quiver_using_arrows(plotattributes)
@@ -998,7 +974,7 @@ function get_xy(o::OHLC, x, xdiff)
 end

 # get the joined vector
-function get_xy(v::AVec{OHLC}, x = eachindex(v))
+function get_xy(v::AVec{OHLC}, x = 1:length(v))
    xdiff = 0.3ignorenan_mean(abs.(diff(x)))
    x_out, y_out = zeros(0), zeros(0)
    for (i,ohlc) in enumerate(v)
@@ -1056,8 +1032,8 @@ end
    @assert length(g.args) == 1 && typeof(g.args[1]) <: AbstractMatrix
    seriestype := :spy
    mat = g.args[1]
-    n,m = axes(mat)
-    Plots.SliceIt, m, n, Surface(mat)
+    n,m = size(mat)
+    Plots.SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(mat)
 end

@recipe function f(::Type{Val{:spy}}, x,y,z)
@@ -1085,7 +1061,7 @@ end

 # -------------------------------------------------

-"Adds ax+b... straight line over the current plot, without changing the axis limits"
+"Adds a+bx... straight line over the current plot, without changing the axis limits"
 abline!(plt::Plot, a, b; kw...) = plot!(plt, [0, 1], [b, b+a]; seriestype = :straightline, kw...)

 abline!(args...; kw...) = abline!(current(), args...; kw...)
@@ -1101,12 +1077,6 @@ timeformatter(t) = string(Dates.Time(Dates.Nanosecond(t)))
@recipe f(::Type{Date}, dt::Date) = (dt -> Dates.value(dt), dateformatter)
@recipe f(::Type{DateTime}, dt::DateTime) = (dt -> Dates.value(dt), datetimeformatter)
@recipe f(::Type{Dates.Time}, t::Dates.Time) = (t -> Dates.value(t), timeformatter)
-@recipe f(::Type{P}, t::P) where P <: Dates.Period = (t -> Dates.value(t), t -> string(P(t)))
-
-# -------------------------------------------------
-# Characters
-
-@recipe f(::Type{<:AbstractChar}, ::AbstractChar) = (string, string)

 # -------------------------------------------------
 # Complex Numbers
@@ -1185,33 +1155,9 @@ end
    seriestype := :shape

 	# create a filled polygon for each item
-    for c=axes(weights,2)
+    for c=1:size(weights,2)
        sx = vcat(weights[:,c], c==1 ? zeros(n) : reverse(weights[:,c-1]))
        sy = vcat(returns, reverse(returns))
        @series Plots.isvertical(plotattributes) ? (sx, sy) : (sy, sx)
    end
 end
-
-"""
-    areaplot([x,] y)
-    areaplot!([x,] y)
-
-Draw a stacked area plot of the matrix y.
-# Examples
-```julia-repl
-julia> areaplot(1:3, [1 2 3; 7 8 9; 4 5 6], seriescolor = [:red :green :blue], fillalpha = [0.2 0.3 0.4])
-```
-"""
-@userplot AreaPlot
-
-@recipe function f(a::AreaPlot)
-    data = cumsum(a.args[end], dims=2)
-    x = length(a.args) == 1 ? (axes(data, 1)) : a.args[1]
-    seriestype := :line
-    for i in axes(data, 2)
-        @series begin
-            fillrange := i > 1 ? data[:,i-1] : 0
-            x, data[:,i]
-        end
-    end
-end
@@ -7,77 +7,85 @@
 # note: returns meta information... mainly for use with automatic labeling from DataFrames for now

 const FuncOrFuncs{F} = Union{F, Vector{F}, Matrix{F}}
-const MaybeNumber = Union{Number, Missing}
-const MaybeString = Union{AbstractString, Missing}
-const DataPoint = Union{MaybeNumber, MaybeString}

-prepareSeriesData(x) = error("Cannot convert $(typeof(x)) to series data for plotting")
-prepareSeriesData(::Nothing) = nothing
-prepareSeriesData(t::Tuple{T, T}) where {T<:Number} = t
-prepareSeriesData(f::Function) = f
-prepareSeriesData(a::AbstractArray{<:MaybeNumber}) = replace!(
-                                    x -> ismissing(x) || isinf(x) ? NaN : x,
-                                    map(float,a))
-prepareSeriesData(a::AbstractArray{<:MaybeString}) = replace(x -> ismissing(x) ? "" : x, a)
-prepareSeriesData(s::Surface{<:AMat{<:MaybeNumber}}) = Surface(prepareSeriesData(s.surf))
-prepareSeriesData(s::Surface) = s  # non-numeric Surface, such as an image
-prepareSeriesData(v::Volume) = Volume(prepareSeriesData(v.v), v.x_extents, v.y_extents, v.z_extents)
+all3D(plotattributes::KW) = trueOrAllTrue(st -> st in (:contour, :contourf, :heatmap, :surface, :wireframe, :contour3d, :image, :plots_heatmap), get(plotattributes, :seriestype, :none))

-# default: assume x represents a single series
-convertToAnyVector(x, plotattributes) = Any[prepareSeriesData(x)]
+# unknown
+convertToAnyVector(x, plotattributes::KW) = error("No user recipe defined for $(typeof(x))")
+
+# missing
+convertToAnyVector(v::Nothing, plotattributes::KW) = Any[nothing], nothing

 # fixed number of blank series
-convertToAnyVector(n::Integer, plotattributes) = Any[zeros(0) for i in 1:n]
+convertToAnyVector(n::Integer, plotattributes::KW) = Any[zeros(0) for i in 1:n], nothing

-# vector of data points is a single series
-convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{<:DataPoint}, plotattributes) = Any[prepareSeriesData(v)]
+# numeric vector
+convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{T}, plotattributes::KW) where {T<:Number} = Any[v], nothing
+convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{Union{Missing, T}}, plotattributes::KW) where {T<:Number} = Any[replace(v, missing => NaN)], nothing
+
+# string vector
+convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{T}, plotattributes::KW) where {T<:AbstractString} = Any[v], nothing
+convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{Union{Missing, T}}, plotattributes::KW) where {T<:AbstractString} = Any[replace(v, missing => "")], nothing
+
+function convertToAnyVector(v::AMat, plotattributes::KW)
+    v = handlemissings(v)
+    if all3D(plotattributes)
+        Any[Surface(v)]
+    else
+        Any[v[:,i] for i in 1:size(v,2)]
+    end, nothing
+end
+
+handlemissings(v::AMat) = v
+handlemissings(v::AMat{T}) where T <: Number = replace(v, missing => NaN)
+handlemissings(v::AMat{T}) where T <: String = replace(v, missing => "")
+
+# function
+convertToAnyVector(f::Function, plotattributes::KW) = Any[f], nothing
+
+# surface
+convertToAnyVector(s::Surface, plotattributes::KW) = Any[s], nothing
+
+# volume
+convertToAnyVector(v::Volume, plotattributes::KW) = Any[v], nothing
+
+# # vector of OHLC
+# convertToAnyVector(v::AVec{OHLC}, plotattributes::KW) = Any[v], nothing
+
+# # dates
+convertToAnyVector(dts::AVec{D}, plotattributes::KW) where {D<:Union{Date,DateTime}} = Any[dts], nothing

 # list of things (maybe other vectors, functions, or something else)
-function convertToAnyVector(v::AVec, plotattributes)
-    if all(x -> x isa MaybeNumber, v)
-        convertToAnyVector(Vector{MaybeNumber}(v), plotattributes)
-    elseif all(x -> x isa MaybeString, v)
-        convertToAnyVector(Vector{MaybeString}(v), plotattributes)
+function convertToAnyVector(v::AVec, plotattributes::KW)
+    if all(x -> typeof(x) <: Number, v)
+        # all real numbers wrap the whole vector as one item
+        Any[convert(Vector{Float64}, v)], nothing
    else
-        vcat((convertToAnyVector(vi, plotattributes) for vi in v)...)
+        # something else... treat each element as an item
+        vcat(Any[convertToAnyVector(vi, plotattributes)[1] for vi in v]...), nothing
+        # Any[vi for vi in v], nothing
    end
 end

-# Matrix is split into columns
-function convertToAnyVector(v::AMat{<:DataPoint}, plotattributes)
-    if all3D(plotattributes)
-        Any[prepareSeriesData(Surface(v))]
-    else
-        Any[prepareSeriesData(v[:, i]) for i in axes(v, 2)]
-    end
+convertToAnyVector(t::Tuple, plotattributes::KW) = Any[t], nothing
+
+
+function convertToAnyVector(args...)
+    error("In convertToAnyVector, could not handle the argument types: $(map(typeof, args[1:end-1]))")
 end

-# --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Fillranges & ribbons
-
-
-process_fillrange(range::Number, plotattributes) = [range]
-process_fillrange(range, plotattributes) = convertToAnyVector(range, plotattributes)
-
-process_ribbon(ribbon::Number, plotattributes) = [ribbon]
-process_ribbon(ribbon, plotattributes) = convertToAnyVector(ribbon, plotattributes)
-# ribbon as a tuple: (lower_ribbons, upper_ribbons)
-process_ribbon(ribbon::Tuple{Any,Any}, plotattributes) = collect(zip(convertToAnyVector(ribbon[1], plotattributes),
-                                                     convertToAnyVector(ribbon[2], plotattributes)))
-
-
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------

 # TODO: can we avoid the copy here?  one error that crops up is that mapping functions over the same array
 #       result in that array being shared.  push!, etc will add too many items to that array

-compute_x(x::Nothing, y::Nothing, z)      = axes(z,1)
-compute_x(x::Nothing, y, z)            = axes(y,1)
+compute_x(x::Nothing, y::Nothing, z)      = 1:size(z,1)
+compute_x(x::Nothing, y, z)            = 1:size(y,1)
 compute_x(x::Function, y, z)        = map(x, y)
 compute_x(x, y, z)                  = copy(x)

 # compute_y(x::Void, y::Function, z)  = error()
-compute_y(x::Nothing, y::Nothing, z)      = axes(z,2)
+compute_y(x::Nothing, y::Nothing, z)      = 1:size(z,2)
 compute_y(x, y::Function, z)        = map(y, x)
 compute_y(x, y, z)                  = copy(y)

@@ -127,17 +135,24 @@ struct SliceIt end
        z = z.data
    end

-    xs = convertToAnyVector(x, plotattributes)
-    ys = convertToAnyVector(y, plotattributes)
-    zs = convertToAnyVector(z, plotattributes)
-
+    xs, _ = convertToAnyVector(x, plotattributes)
+    ys, _ = convertToAnyVector(y, plotattributes)
+    zs, _ = convertToAnyVector(z, plotattributes)

    fr = pop!(plotattributes, :fillrange, nothing)
-    fillranges = process_fillrange(fr, plotattributes)
+    fillranges, _ = if typeof(fr) <: Number
+        ([fr],nothing)
+    else
+        convertToAnyVector(fr, plotattributes)
+    end
    mf = length(fillranges)

    rib = pop!(plotattributes, :ribbon, nothing)
-    ribbons = process_ribbon(rib, plotattributes)
+    ribbons, _ = if typeof(rib) <: Number
+        ([fr],nothing)
+    else
+        convertToAnyVector(rib, plotattributes)
+    end
    mr = length(ribbons)

    # @show zs
@@ -178,9 +193,8 @@ _apply_type_recipe(plotattributes, v) = RecipesBase.apply_recipe(plotattributes,
 # This sort of recipe should return a pair of functions... one to convert to number,
 # and one to format tick values.
 function _apply_type_recipe(plotattributes, v::AbstractArray)
-    isempty(skipmissing(v)) && return Float64[]
-    x = first(skipmissing(v))
-    args = RecipesBase.apply_recipe(plotattributes, typeof(x), x)[1].args
+    isempty(v) && return Float64[]
+    args = RecipesBase.apply_recipe(plotattributes, typeof(v[1]), v[1])[1].args
    if length(args) == 2 && typeof(args[1]) <: Function && typeof(args[2]) <: Function
        numfunc, formatter = args
        Formatted(map(numfunc, v), formatter)
@@ -267,7 +281,7 @@ end
 # # --------------------------------------------------------------------

 # helper function to ensure relevant attributes are wrapped by Surface
-function wrap_surfaces(plotattributes::AKW)
+function wrap_surfaces(plotattributes::KW)
    if haskey(plotattributes, :fill_z)
        v = plotattributes[:fill_z]
        if !isa(v, Surface)
@@ -278,14 +292,12 @@ end

@recipe f(n::Integer) = is3d(get(plotattributes,:seriestype,:path)) ? (SliceIt, n, n, n) : (SliceIt, n, n, nothing)

-all3D(plotattributes) = trueOrAllTrue(st -> st in (:contour, :contourf, :heatmap, :surface, :wireframe, :contour3d, :image, :plots_heatmap), get(plotattributes, :seriestype, :none))
-
 # return a surface if this is a 3d plot, otherwise let it be sliced up
-@recipe function f(mat::AMat{T}) where T<:Union{Integer,AbstractFloat,Missing}
+@recipe function f(mat::AMat{T}) where T<:Union{Integer,AbstractFloat}
    if all3D(plotattributes)
-        n,m = axes(mat)
+        n,m = size(mat)
        wrap_surfaces(plotattributes)
-        SliceIt, m, n, Surface(mat)
+        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(mat)
    else
        SliceIt, nothing, mat, nothing
    end
@@ -295,16 +307,16 @@ end
@recipe function f(fmt::Formatted{T}) where T<:AbstractMatrix
    if all3D(plotattributes)
        mat = fmt.data
-        n,m = axes(mat)
+        n,m = size(mat)
        wrap_surfaces(plotattributes)
-        SliceIt, m, n, Formatted(Surface(mat), fmt.formatter)
+        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Formatted(Surface(mat), fmt.formatter)
    else
        SliceIt, nothing, fmt, nothing
    end
 end

 # assume this is a Volume, so construct one
-@recipe function f(vol::AbstractArray{T,3}, args...) where T<:Union{Number,Missing}
+@recipe function f(vol::AbstractArray{T,3}, args...) where T<:Number
    seriestype := :volume
    SliceIt, nothing, Volume(vol, args...), nothing
 end
@@ -320,35 +332,35 @@ function clamp_greys!(mat::AMat{T}) where T<:Gray
 end

@recipe function f(mat::AMat{T}) where T<:Gray
-    n, m = axes(mat)
+    n, m = size(mat)
    if is_seriestype_supported(:image)
        seriestype := :image
        yflip --> true
-        SliceIt, m, n, Surface(clamp_greys!(mat))
+        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(clamp_greys!(mat))
    else
        seriestype := :heatmap
        yflip --> true
        cbar --> false
        fillcolor --> ColorGradient([:black, :white])
-        SliceIt, m, n, Surface(clamp!(convert(Matrix{Float64}, mat), 0., 1.))
+        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(clamp!(convert(Matrix{Float64}, mat), 0., 1.))
    end
 end

 # # images - colors

@recipe function f(mat::AMat{T}) where T<:Colorant
-	n, m = axes(mat)
+	n, m = size(mat)

    if is_seriestype_supported(:image)
        seriestype := :image
        yflip --> true
-        SliceIt, m, n, Surface(mat)
+        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(mat)
    else
        seriestype := :heatmap
        yflip --> true
        cbar --> false
        z, plotattributes[:fillcolor] = replace_image_with_heatmap(mat)
-        SliceIt, m, n, Surface(z)
+        SliceIt, 1:m, 1:n, Surface(z)
    end
 end

@@ -367,29 +379,23 @@ end

@recipe function f(shapes::AMat{Shape})
    seriestype --> :shape
-    for j in axes(shapes,2)
+    for j in 1:size(shapes,2)
        @series coords(vec(shapes[:,j]))
    end
 end

-# Dicts: each entry is a data point (x,y)=(key,value)

-@recipe f(d::AbstractDict) = collect(keys(d)), collect(values(d))

 # function without range... use the current range of the x-axis

@recipe function f(f::FuncOrFuncs{F}) where F<:Function
    plt = plotattributes[:plot_object]
-    xmin, xmax = if haskey(plotattributes, :xlims)
-        plotattributes[:xlims]
-    else
-        try
-            axis_limits(plt[1], :x)
-        catch
-            xinv = invscalefunc(get(plotattributes, :xscale, :identity))
-            xm = tryrange(f, xinv.([-5,-1,0,0.01]))
-            xm, tryrange(f, filter(x->x>xm, xinv.([5,1,0.99, 0, -0.01])))
-        end
+    xmin, xmax = try
+        axis_limits(plt[1][:xaxis])
+    catch
+        xinv = invscalefunc(get(plotattributes, :xscale, :identity))
+        xm = tryrange(f, xinv.([-5,-1,0,0.01]))
+        xm, tryrange(f, filter(x->x>xm, xinv.([5,1,0.99, 0, -0.01])))
    end

    f, xmin, xmax
@@ -520,25 +526,20 @@ end
 # # special handling... xmin/xmax with parametric function(s)
@recipe function f(f::Function, xmin::Number, xmax::Number)
    xscale, yscale = [get(plotattributes, sym, :identity) for sym=(:xscale,:yscale)]
-    _scaled_adapted_grid(f, xscale, yscale, xmin, xmax)
+    xs = _scaled_adapted_grid(f, xscale, yscale, xmin, xmax)
+    xs, f
 end
@recipe function f(fs::AbstractArray{F}, xmin::Number, xmax::Number) where F<:Function
    xscale, yscale = [get(plotattributes, sym, :identity) for sym=(:xscale,:yscale)]
-    xs = Array{Any}(undef, length(fs))
-    ys = Array{Any}(undef, length(fs))
-    for (i, (x, y)) in enumerate(_scaled_adapted_grid(f, xscale, yscale, xmin, xmax) for f in fs)
-        xs[i] = x
-    	ys[i] = y
-    end
-    xs, ys
+    xs = Any[_scaled_adapted_grid(f, xscale, yscale, xmin, xmax) for f in fs]
+    xs, fs
 end
@recipe f(fx::FuncOrFuncs{F}, fy::FuncOrFuncs{G}, u::AVec) where {F<:Function,G<:Function}  = mapFuncOrFuncs(fx, u), mapFuncOrFuncs(fy, u)
@recipe f(fx::FuncOrFuncs{F}, fy::FuncOrFuncs{G}, umin::Number, umax::Number, n = 200) where {F<:Function,G<:Function} = fx, fy, range(umin, stop = umax, length = n)

 function _scaled_adapted_grid(f, xscale, yscale, xmin, xmax)
    (xf, xinv), (yf, yinv) =  ((scalefunc(s),invscalefunc(s)) for s in (xscale,yscale))
-    xs, ys = adapted_grid(yf∘f∘xinv, xf.((xmin, xmax)))
-    xinv.(xs), yinv.(ys)
+    xinv.(adapted_grid(yf∘f∘xinv, xf.((xmin, xmax))))
 end

 #
@@ -553,17 +554,36 @@ end
 #
 #
 # # --------------------------------------------------------------------
-# # Lists of tuples and GeometryTypes.Points
+# # Lists of tuples and StaticArrays
 # # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
+# # if we get an unhandled tuple, just splat it in
+@recipe f(tup::Tuple) = tup

-@recipe f(v::AVec{<:Tuple})               = unzip(v)
-@recipe f(v::AVec{<:GeometryTypes.Point}) = unzip(v)
-@recipe f(tup::Tuple)             = [tup]
-@recipe f(p::GeometryTypes.Point) = [p]
+#
+# # (x,y) tuples
+@recipe f(xy::AVec{Tuple{R1,R2}}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number} = unzip(xy)
+@recipe f(xy::Tuple{R1,R2}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number}       = [xy[1]], [xy[2]]

-# Special case for 4-tuples in :ohlc series
-@recipe f(xyuv::AVec{<:Tuple{R1,R2,R3,R4}}) where {R1,R2,R3,R4} = get(plotattributes,:seriestype,:path)==:ohlc ? OHLC[OHLC(t...) for t in xyuv] : unzip(xyuv)
+#
+# # (x,y,z) tuples
+@recipe f(xyz::AVec{Tuple{R1,R2,R3}}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number,R3<:Number} = unzip(xyz)
+@recipe f(xyz::Tuple{R1,R2,R3}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number,R3<:Number}       = [xyz[1]], [xyz[2]], [xyz[3]]
+
+# these might be points+velocity, or OHLC or something else
+@recipe f(xyuv::AVec{Tuple{R1,R2,R3,R4}}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number,R3<:Number,R4<:Number} = get(plotattributes,:seriestype,:path)==:ohlc ? OHLC[OHLC(t...) for t in xyuv] : unzip(xyuv)
+@recipe f(xyuv::Tuple{R1,R2,R3,R4}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number,R3<:Number,R4<:Number}       = [xyuv[1]], [xyuv[2]], [xyuv[3]], [xyuv[4]]
+
+
+#
+# # 2D StaticArrays
+@recipe f(xy::AVec{StaticArrays.SVector{2,T}}) where {T<:Number} = unzip(xy)
+@recipe f(xy::StaticArrays.SVector{2,T}) where {T<:Number}       = [xy[1]], [xy[2]]
+
+#
+# # 3D StaticArrays
+@recipe f(xyz::AVec{StaticArrays.SVector{3,T}}) where {T<:Number} = unzip(xyz)
+@recipe f(xyz::StaticArrays.SVector{3,T}) where {T<:Number}       = [xyz[1]], [xyz[2]], [xyz[3]]

 #
 # # --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -584,7 +604,7 @@ end
 # end

 splittable_kw(key, val, lengthGroup) = false
-splittable_kw(key, val::AbstractArray, lengthGroup) = !(key in (:group, :color_palette)) && length(axes(val,1)) == lengthGroup
+splittable_kw(key, val::AbstractArray, lengthGroup) = (key != :group) && size(val,1) == lengthGroup
 splittable_kw(key, val::Tuple, lengthGroup) = all(splittable_kw.(key, val, lengthGroup))
 splittable_kw(key, val::SeriesAnnotations, lengthGroup) = splittable_kw(key, val.strs, lengthGroup)

@@ -598,7 +618,7 @@ end
 function groupedvec2mat(x_ind, x, y::AbstractArray, groupby, def_val = y[1])
    y_mat = Array{promote_type(eltype(y), typeof(def_val))}(undef, length(keys(x_ind)), length(groupby.groupLabels))
    fill!(y_mat, def_val)
-    for i in eachindex(groupby.groupLabels)
+    for i in 1:length(groupby.groupLabels)
        xi = x[groupby.groupIds[i]]
        yi = y[groupby.groupIds[i]]
        y_mat[getindex.(Ref(x_ind), xi), i] = yi
@@ -631,7 +651,7 @@ group_as_matrix(t) = false
        if length(g.args) == 1
            x = zeros(Int, lengthGroup)
            for indexes in groupby.groupIds
-                x[indexes] = eachindex(indexes)
+                x[indexes] = 1:length(indexes)
            end
            last_args = g.args
        else
@@ -639,7 +659,7 @@ group_as_matrix(t) = false
            last_args = g.args[2:end]
        end
        x_u = unique(sort(x))
-        x_ind = Dict(zip(x_u, eachindex(x_u)))
+        x_ind = Dict(zip(x_u, 1:length(x_u)))
        for (key,val) in plotattributes
            if splittable_kw(key, val, lengthGroup)
                :($key) := groupedvec2mat(x_ind, x, val, groupby)
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
    scatter(x,y)
    scatter!(x,y)

-Make a scatter plot of y vs x.
+Make a scatter plot of y vs x. 

 # Examples
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> scatter([1,2,3],[4,5,6],markersize=[3,4,5],markercolor=[:red,:green,:blue])
 julia> scatter([(1,4),(2,5),(3,6)])
 ```
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ julia> scatter([(1,4),(2,5),(3,6)])
    bar(x,y)
    bar!(x,y)

-Make a bar plot of y vs x.
+Make a bar plot of y vs x. 

-# Arguments
+# Arguments 

 - $(_document_argument("bar_position"))
 - $(_document_argument("bar_width"))
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Make a bar plot of y vs x.
 - $(_document_argument("orientation"))

 # Examples
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> bar([1,2,3],[4,5,6],fillcolor=[:red,:green,:blue],fillalpha=[0.2,0.4,0.6])
 julia> bar([(1,4),(2,5),(3,6)])
 ```
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ julia> bar([(1,4),(2,5),(3,6)])

 Plot a histogram.

-# Arguments
+# Arguments 

 - `x`: AbstractVector of values to be binned
 - $(_document_argument("bins"))
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Plot a histogram.
 - $(_document_argument("orientation"))

 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> histogram([1,2,1,1,4,3,8],bins=0:8)
 ```
 """
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ julia> histogram([1,2,1,1,4,3,8],bins=0:8)
    barhist(x)
    barhist!(x)

-Make a histogram bar plot. See `histogram`.
+Make a histogram bar plot. See `histogram`. 
 """
@shorthands barhist

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ Make a histogram bar plot. See `histogram`.
    stephist(x)

 Make a histogram step plot (bin counts are represented using horizontal lines
-instead of bars). See `histogram`.
+instead of bars). See `histogram`. 
 """
@shorthands stephist

@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ instead of bars). See `histogram`.
    scatterhist(x)
    scatterhist!(x)

-Make a histogram scatter plot (bin counts are represented using points
-instead of bars). See `histogram`.
+Make a histogram scatter plot (bin counts are represented using points 
+instead of bars). See `histogram`. 
 """
@shorthands scatterhist

@@ -91,14 +91,14 @@ instead of bars). See `histogram`.

 Plot a two-dimensional histogram.

-# Arguments
+# Arguments 

- `bins`: Number of bins (if an `Integer`) or bin edges (if an `AbtractVector`)
- `weights`: Vector of weights for the values in `x`. Each entry of x contributes
-             its weight to the height of its bin.
+- `bins`: Number of bins (if an `Integer`) or bin edges (if an `AbtractVector`) 
+- `weights`: Vector of weights for the values in `x`. Each entry of x contributes 
+             its weight to the height of its bin. 

 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> histogram2d(randn(10_000),randn(10_000))
 ```
 """
@@ -108,14 +108,14 @@ julia> histogram2d(randn(10_000),randn(10_000))
    density(x)
    density!(x)

-Make a line plot of a kernel density estimate of x.
+Make a line plot of a kernel density estimate of x. 

 # Arguments

- `x`: AbstractVector of samples for probability density estimation
+- `x`: AbstractVector of samples for probability density estimation 

 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> using StatsPlots
 julia> density(randn(100_000))
 ```
@@ -126,10 +126,10 @@ julia> density(randn(100_000))
    heatmap(x,y,z)
    heatmap!(x,y,z)

-Plot a heatmap of the rectangular array `z`.
+Plot a heatmap of the rectangular array `z`. 

 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> heatmap(randn(10,10))
 ```
 """
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ julia> heatmap(randn(10,10))
    hexbin(x,y)
    hexbin!(x,y)

-Make a hexagonal binning plot (a histogram of the observations `(x[i],y[i])`
+Make a hexagonal binning plot (a histogram of the observations `(x[i],y[i])` 
 with hexagonal bins)

 # Example
@@ -154,11 +154,11 @@ julia> hexbin(randn(10_000), randn(10_000))
    sticks(x,y)
    sticks!(x,y)

-Draw a stick plot of y vs x.
+Draw a stick plot of y vs x. 

 # Example
 ```julia-repl
-julia> sticks(1:10)
+julia> sticks(1:10) 
 ```
 """
@shorthands sticks
@@ -167,11 +167,11 @@ julia> sticks(1:10)
    hline(y)
    hline!(y)

-Draw horizontal lines at positions specified by the values in
+Draw horizontal lines at positions specified by the values in 
 the AbstractVector `y`

 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> hline([-1,0,2])
 ```
 """
@@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ julia> hline([-1,0,2])
    vline(x)
    vline!(x)

-Draw vertical lines at positions specified by the values in
+Draw vertical lines at positions specified by the values in 
 the AbstractVector `x`

 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> vline([-1,0,2])
 ```
 """
@@ -194,13 +194,13 @@ julia> vline([-1,0,2])
 """
    hspan(y)

-Draw a rectangle between the horizontal line at position `y[1]`
-and the horizontal line at position `y[2]`. If `length(y) ≥ 4`,
-then further rectangles are drawn between `y[3]` and `y[4]`,
-`y[5]` and `y[6]`, and so on. If `length(y)` is odd, then the
-last entry of `y` is ignored.
+Draw a rectangle between the horizontal line at position `y[1]` 
+and the horizontal line at position `y[2]`. If `length(y) ≥ 4`, 
+then further rectangles are drawn between `y[3]` and `y[4]`, 
+`y[5]` and `y[6]`, and so on. If `length(y)` is odd, then the 
+last entry of `y` is ignored. 
 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> hspan(1:6)
 ```
 """
@@ -209,13 +209,13 @@ julia> hspan(1:6)
 """
    vspan(x)

-Draw a rectangle between the vertical line at position `x[1]`
-and the vertical line at position `x[2]`. If `length(x) ≥ 4`,
-then further rectangles are drawn between `x[3]` and `x[4]`,
-`x[5]` and `x[6]`, and so on. If `length(x)` is odd, then the
-last entry of `x` is ignored.
+Draw a rectangle between the vertical line at position `x[1]` 
+and the vertical line at position `x[2]`. If `length(x) ≥ 4`, 
+then further rectangles are drawn between `x[3]` and `x[4]`, 
+`x[5]` and `x[6]`, and so on. If `length(x)` is odd, then the 
+last entry of `x` is ignored. 
 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> vspan(1:6)
 ```
 """
@@ -225,9 +225,9 @@ julia> vspan(1:6)
    ohlc(x,y::Vector{OHLC})
    ohlc!(x,y::Vector{OHLC})

-Make open-high-low-close plot. Each entry of y is represented by a vertical
-segment extending from the low value to the high value, with short horizontal
-segments on the left and right indicating the open and close values, respectively.
+Make open-high-low-close plot. Each entry of y is represented by a vertical 
+segment extending from the low value to the high value, with short horizontal 
+segments on the left and right indicating the open and close values, respectively. 

 # Example
 ```julia-repl
@@ -240,16 +240,16 @@ julia> ohlc(y)


 """
-    contour(x,y,z)
-    contour!(x,y,z)
+    contour(x,y,z) 
+    contour!(x,y,z) 

-Draw contour lines of the `Surface` z.
+Draw contour lines of the `Surface` z. 

 # Arguments
 - `levels`: Contour levels (if `AbstractVector`) or number of levels (if `Integer`)
 - `fill`: Bool. Fill area between contours or draw contours only (false by default)

-# Example
+# Example 
 ```julia-repl
 julia> x = y = range(-20, 20, length = 100)
 julia> contour(x, y, (x, y) -> x^2 + y^2)
@@ -267,10 +267,10 @@ julia> contour(x, y, (x, y) -> x^2 + y^2)
    surface(x,y,z)
    surface!(x,y,z)

-Draw a 3D surface plot.
+Draw a 3D surface plot. 

 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> x = y = range(-3, 3, length = 100)
 julia> surface(x, y, (x, y) -> sinc(norm([x, y])))
 ```
@@ -281,10 +281,10 @@ julia> surface(x, y, (x, y) -> sinc(norm([x, y])))
    wireframe(x,y,z)
    wireframe!(x,y,z)

-Draw a 3D wireframe plot.
+Draw a 3D wireframe plot. 

 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> wireframe(1:10,1:10,randn(10,10))
 ```
 """
@@ -295,10 +295,10 @@ julia> wireframe(1:10,1:10,randn(10,10))
    path3d!(x,y,z)

 Plot a 3D path from `(x[1],y[1],z[1])` to `(x[2],y[2],z[2])`,
-..., to `(x[end],y[end],z[end])`.
+..., to `(x[end],y[end],z[end])`. 

 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> path3d([0,1,2,3],[0,1,4,9],[0,1,8,27])
 ```
 """
@@ -308,10 +308,10 @@ julia> path3d([0,1,2,3],[0,1,4,9],[0,1,8,27])
    scatter3d(x,y,z)
    scatter3d!(x,y,z)

-Make a 3D scatter plot.
+Make a 3D scatter plot. 

 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> scatter3d([0,1,2,3],[0,1,4,9],[0,1,8,27])
 ```
 """
@@ -321,17 +321,17 @@ julia> scatter3d([0,1,2,3],[0,1,4,9],[0,1,8,27])
    boxplot(x, y)
    boxplot!(x, y)

-Make a box and whisker plot.
+Make a box and whisker plot. 

 # Keyword arguments
 - `notch`: Bool. Notch the box plot? (false)
 - `range`: Real. Values more than range*IQR below the first quartile
-           or above the third quartile are shown as outliers (1.5)
- `outliers`: Bool. Show outliers? (true)
- `whisker_width`: Real or Symbol. Length of whiskers (:match)
+           or above the third quartile are shown as outliers (1.5) 
+- `outliers`: Bool. Show outliers? (true) 
+- `whisker_width`: Real or Symbol. Length of whiskers (:match) 

 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> using StatsPlots
 julia> boxplot(repeat([1,2,3],outer=100),randn(300))
 ```
@@ -342,10 +342,10 @@ julia> boxplot(repeat([1,2,3],outer=100),randn(300))
    violin(x,y,z)
    violin!(x,y,z)

-Make a violin plot.
+Make a violin plot. 

 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> violin(repeat([1,2,3],outer=100),randn(300))
 ```
 """
@@ -355,11 +355,11 @@ julia> violin(repeat([1,2,3],outer=100),randn(300))
    quiver(x,y,quiver=(u,v))
    quiver!(x,y,quiver=(u,v))

-Make a quiver (vector field) plot. The `i`th vector extends
-from `(x[i],y[i])` to `(x[i] + u[i], y[i] + v[i])`.
+Make a quiver (vector field) plot. The `i`th vector extends 
+from `(x[i],y[i])` to `(x[i] + u[i], y[i] + v[i])`. 

 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> quiver([1,2,3],[3,2,1],quiver=([1,1,1],[1,2,3]))
 ```
 """
@@ -369,11 +369,11 @@ julia> quiver([1,2,3],[3,2,1],quiver=([1,1,1],[1,2,3]))
    curves(x,y)
    curves!(x,y)

-Draw a Bezier curve from `(x[1],y[1])` to `(x[end],y[end])`
+Draw a Bezier curve from `(x[1],y[1])` to `(x[end],y[end])` 
 with control points `(x[2],y[2]), ..., (x[end-1],y[end]-1)`

 # Example
-```julia-repl
+```julia-repl 
 julia> curves([1,2,3,4],[1,1,2,4])
 ```
 """
@@ -424,9 +424,9 @@ ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:AbstractString}     =
 """
    annotate!(anns...)

-Add annotations to an existing plot.
+Add annotations to an existing plot. 

-# Arguments
+# Arguments 

 - `anns`: An `AbstractVector` of tuples of the form (x,y,text). The text object
          can be an String or PlotText
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ yflip!(flip::Bool = true; kw...)                          = plot!(; yflip = flip
 "Specify x axis attributes for an existing plot"
 xaxis!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; xaxis = args, kw...)

-"Specify y axis attributes for an existing plot"
+"Specify x axis attributes for an existing plot"
 yaxis!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; yaxis = args, kw...)
 xgrid!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; xgrid = args, kw...)
 ygrid!(args...; kw...)                                    = plot!(; ygrid = args, kw...)
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ function Subplot(::T; parent = RootLayout()) where T<:AbstractBackend
        (20mm, 5mm, 2mm, 10mm),
        defaultbox,
        defaultbox,
-        Attr(KW(), _subplot_defaults),
+        KW(),
        nothing,
        nothing
    )
@@ -4,19 +4,39 @@
 Specify the colour theme for plots.
 """
 function theme(s::Symbol; kw...)
-    defaults = copy(PlotThemes._themes[s].defaults)
+    defaults = _get_defaults(s)
    _theme(s, defaults; kw...)
 end

-function _theme(s::Symbol, defaults::AKW; kw...)
+function _get_defaults(s::Symbol)
+    thm = PlotThemes._themes[s]
+    if :defaults in fieldnames(typeof(thm))
+        return thm.defaults
+    else # old PlotTheme type
+        defaults = KW(
+            :bg       => thm.bg_secondary,
+            :bginside => thm.bg_primary,
+            :fg       => thm.lines,
+            :fgtext   => thm.text,
+            :fgguide  => thm.text,
+            :fglegend => thm.text,
+            :palette  => thm.palette,
+        )
+        if thm.gradient != nothing
+            push!(defaults, :gradient => thm.gradient)
+        end
+        return defaults
+    end
+end
+
+function _theme(s::Symbol, defaults::KW; kw...)
    # Reset to defaults to overwrite active theme
    reset_defaults()

    # Set the theme's gradient as default
-    if haskey(defaults, :colorgradient)
+    if haskey(defaults, :gradient)
        PlotUtils.clibrary(:misc)
        PlotUtils.default_cgrad(default = :sequential, sequential = PlotThemes.gradient_name(s))
-        pop!(defaults, :colorgradient)
    else
        PlotUtils.clibrary(:Plots)
        PlotUtils.default_cgrad(default = :sequential, sequential = :inferno)
@@ -24,8 +44,8 @@ function _theme(s::Symbol, defaults::AKW; kw...)

    # maybe overwrite the theme's gradient
    kw = KW(kw)
-    if haskey(kw, :colorgradient)
-        kwgrad = pop!(kw, :colorgradient)
+    if haskey(kw, :gradient)
+        kwgrad = pop!(kw, :gradient)
        for clib in clibraries()
            if kwgrad in cgradients(clib)
                PlotUtils.clibrary(clib)
@@ -54,11 +74,11 @@ _get_showtheme_args(thm::Symbol, func::Symbol) = thm, get(_color_functions, func

@recipe function showtheme(st::ShowTheme)
    thm, cfunc = _get_showtheme_args(st.args...)
-    defaults = PlotThemes._themes[thm].defaults
+    defaults = _get_defaults(thm)

    # get the gradient
-    gradient_colors = get(defaults, :colorgradient, cgrad(:inferno).colors)
-    colorgradient = cgrad(cfunc.(RGB.(gradient_colors)))
+    gradient_colors = get(defaults, :gradient, cgrad(:inferno).colors)
+    gradient = cgrad(cfunc.(RGB.(gradient_colors)))

    # get the palette
    palette = get(defaults, :palette, get_color_palette(:auto, plot_color(:white), 17))
@@ -66,7 +86,7 @@ _get_showtheme_args(thm::Symbol, func::Symbol) = thm, get(_color_functions, func

    # apply the theme
    for k in keys(defaults)
-        k in (:colorgradient, :palette) && continue
+        k in (:gradient, :palette) && continue
        def = defaults[k]
        arg = get(_keyAliases, k, k)
        plotattributes[arg] = if typeof(def) <: Colorant
@@ -119,30 +139,27 @@ _get_showtheme_args(thm::Symbol, func::Symbol) = thm, get(_color_functions, func
    @series begin
        subplot := 4
        seriestype := :heatmap
-        seriescolor := colorgradient
-        xticks := (-2π:2π:2π, string.(-2:2:2, "π"))
-        yticks := (-2π:2π:2π, string.(-2:2:2, "π"))
+        seriescolor := gradient
+        ticks := -5:5:5
        x, y, z
    end

    @series begin
        subplot := 5
        seriestype := :surface
-        seriescolor := colorgradient
-        xticks := (-2π:2π:2π, string.(-2:2:2, "π"))
-        yticks := (-2π:2π:2π, string.(-2:2:2, "π"))
+        seriescolor := gradient
        x, y, z
    end

    n = 100
    ts = range(0, stop = 10π, length = n)
-    x = (0.1ts) .* cos.(ts)
+    x = ts .* cos.(ts)
    y = (0.1ts) .* sin.(ts)
    z = 1:n

    @series begin
        subplot := 6
-        seriescolor := colorgradient
+        seriescolor := gradient
        linewidth := 3
        line_z := z
        x, y, z
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 const AVec = AbstractVector
 const AMat = AbstractMatrix
 const KW = Dict{Symbol,Any}
-const AKW = AbstractDict{Symbol,Any}
 const TicksArgs = Union{AVec{T}, Tuple{AVec{T}, AVec{S}}, Symbol} where {T<:Real, S<:AbstractString}

 struct PlotsDisplay <: AbstractDisplay end
@@ -19,63 +18,10 @@ wrap(obj::T) where {T} = InputWrapper{T}(obj)
 Base.isempty(wrapper::InputWrapper) = false


-# -----------------------------------------------------------
-
-struct Attr <: AbstractDict{Symbol,Any}
-    explicit::KW
-    defaults::KW
-end
-
-Base.getindex(attr::Attr, k) = haskey(attr.explicit,k) ?
-                                     attr.explicit[k] : attr.defaults[k]
-Base.haskey(attr::Attr, k) = haskey(attr.explicit,k) || haskey(attr.defaults,k)
-Base.get(attr::Attr, k, default) = haskey(attr, k) ? attr[k] : default
-function Base.get!(attr::Attr, k, default)
-    v = if haskey(attr, k)
-        attr[k]
-    else
-        attr.defaults[k] = default
-    end
-    return v
-end
-function Base.delete!(attr::Attr, k)
-    haskey(attr.explicit, k) && delete!(attr.explicit, k)
-    haskey(attr.defaults, k) && delete!(attr.defaults, k)
-end 
-Base.length(attr::Attr) = length(union(keys(attr.explicit), keys(attr.defaults)))
-function Base.iterate(attr::Attr)
-    exp_keys = keys(attr.explicit)
-    def_keys = setdiff(keys(attr.defaults), exp_keys)
-    key_list = collect(Iterators.flatten((exp_keys, def_keys)))
-    iterate(attr, (key_list, 1))
-end
-function Base.iterate(attr::Attr, (key_list, i))
-    i > length(key_list) && return nothing
-    k = key_list[i]
-    (k=>attr[k], (key_list, i+1))
-end
-
-Base.copy(attr::Attr) = Attr(copy(attr.explicit), attr.defaults)
-
-RecipesBase.is_explicit(attr::Attr, k) = haskey(attr.explicit,k)
-isdefault(attr::Attr, k) = !is_explicit(attr,k) && haskey(attr.defaults,k)
-
-Base.setindex!(attr::Attr, v, k) = attr.explicit[k] = v
-
-# Reset to default value and return dict
-reset_kw!(attr::Attr, k) = is_explicit(attr, k) ? delete!(attr.explicit, k) : attr
-# Reset to default value and return old value
-pop_kw!(attr::Attr, k) = is_explicit(attr, k) ? pop!(attr.explicit, k) : attr.defaults[k]
-pop_kw!(attr::Attr, k, default) = is_explicit(attr, k) ? pop!(attr.explicit, k) : get(attr.defaults, k, default)
-# Fallbacks for dicts without defaults
-reset_kw!(d::AKW, k) = delete!(d, k)
-pop_kw!(d::AKW, k) = pop!(d, k)
-pop_kw!(d::AKW, k, default) = pop!(d, k, default)
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------

 mutable struct Series
-    plotattributes::Attr
+    plotattributes::KW
 end

 attr(series::Series, k::Symbol) = series.plotattributes[k]
@@ -90,7 +36,7 @@ mutable struct Subplot{T<:AbstractBackend} <: AbstractLayout
    minpad::Tuple # leftpad, toppad, rightpad, bottompad
    bbox::BoundingBox  # the canvas area which is available to this subplot
    plotarea::BoundingBox  # the part where the data goes
-    attr::Attr  # args specific to this subplot
+    attr::KW  # args specific to this subplot
    o  # can store backend-specific data... like a pyplot ax
    plt  # the enclosing Plot object (can't give it a type because of no forward declarations)
 end
@@ -102,7 +48,7 @@ Base.show(io::IO, sp::Subplot) = print(io, "Subplot{$(sp[:subplot_index])}")
 # simple wrapper around a KW so we can hold all attributes pertaining to the axis in one place
 mutable struct Axis
    sps::Vector{Subplot}
-    plotattributes::Attr
+    plotattributes::KW
 end

 mutable struct Extrema
@@ -121,7 +67,8 @@ const SubplotMap = Dict{Any, Subplot}
 mutable struct Plot{T<:AbstractBackend} <: AbstractPlot{T}
    backend::T                   # the backend type
    n::Int                       # number of series
-    attr::Attr            # arguments for the whole plot
+    attr::KW                     # arguments for the whole plot
+    user_attr::KW                # raw arg inputs (after aliases).  these are used as the input dict in `_plot!`
    series_list::Vector{Series}  # arguments for each series
    o                            # the backend's plot object
    subplots::Vector{Subplot}
@@ -132,7 +79,7 @@ mutable struct Plot{T<:AbstractBackend} <: AbstractPlot{T}
 end

 function Plot()
-    Plot(backend(), 0, Attr(KW(), _plot_defaults), Series[], nothing,
+    Plot(backend(), 0, KW(), KW(), Series[], nothing,
         Subplot[], SubplotMap(), EmptyLayout(),
         Subplot[], false)
 end
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ function histogramHack(; kw...)
  plotattributes[:x] = midpoints
  plotattributes[:y] = float(counts)
  plotattributes[:seriestype] = :bar
-  plotattributes[:fillrange] = plotattributes[:fillrange] === nothing ? 0.0 : plotattributes[:fillrange]
+  plotattributes[:fillrange] = plotattributes[:fillrange] == nothing ? 0.0 : plotattributes[:fillrange]
  plotattributes
 end

@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ function barHack(; kw...)
  plotattributes = KW(kw)
  midpoints = plotattributes[:x]
  heights = plotattributes[:y]
-  fillrange = plotattributes[:fillrange] === nothing ? 0.0 : plotattributes[:fillrange]
+  fillrange = plotattributes[:fillrange] == nothing ? 0.0 : plotattributes[:fillrange]

  # estimate the edges
  dists = diff(midpoints) * 0.5
  edges = zeros(length(midpoints)+1)
-  for i in eachindex(edges)
+  for i in 1:length(edges)
    if i == 1
      edge = midpoints[1] - dists[1]
    elseif i == length(edges)
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ function barHack(; kw...)

  x = Float64[]
  y = Float64[]
-  for i in eachindex(heights)
+  for i in 1:length(heights)
    e1, e2 = edges[i:i+1]
    append!(x, [e1, e1, e2, e2])
    append!(y, [fillrange, heights[i], heights[i], fillrange])
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ function sticksHack(; kw...)
  # these are the line vertices
  x = Float64[]
  y = Float64[]
-  fillrange = plotattributesLine[:fillrange] === nothing ? 0.0 : plotattributesLine[:fillrange]
+  fillrange = plotattributesLine[:fillrange] == nothing ? 0.0 : plotattributesLine[:fillrange]

  # calculate the vertices
  yScatter = plotattributesScatter[:y]
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ function regressionXY(x, y)
 end

 function replace_image_with_heatmap(z::Array{T}) where T<:Colorant
+    @show T, size(z)
    n, m = size(z)
    # idx = 0
    colors = ColorGradient(vec(z))
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ function replace_image_with_heatmap(z::Array{T}) where T<:Colorant
    # newz, ColorGradient(colors)
 end

-function imageHack(plotattributes::AKW)
+function imageHack(plotattributes::KW)
    is_seriestype_supported(:heatmap) || error("Neither :image or :heatmap are supported!")
    plotattributes[:seriestype] = :heatmap
    plotattributes[:z], plotattributes[:fillcolor] = replace_image_with_heatmap(plotattributes[:z].surf)
@@ -145,18 +146,16 @@ end

 Segments() = Segments(Float64)
 Segments(::Type{T}) where {T} = Segments(T[])
-Segments(p::Int) = Segments(NTuple{p, Float64}[])
+Segments(p::Int) = Segments(NTuple{2,Float64}[])


 # Segments() = Segments(zeros(0))

 to_nan(::Type{Float64}) = NaN
 to_nan(::Type{NTuple{2,Float64}}) = (NaN, NaN)
-to_nan(::Type{NTuple{3,Float64}}) = (NaN, NaN, NaN)

 coords(segs::Segments{Float64}) = segs.pts
 coords(segs::Segments{NTuple{2,Float64}}) = Float64[p[1] for p in segs.pts], Float64[p[2] for p in segs.pts]
-coords(segs::Segments{NTuple{3,Float64}}) = Float64[p[1] for p in segs.pts], Float64[p[2] for p in segs.pts], Float64[p[3] for p in segs.pts]

 function Base.push!(segments::Segments{T}, vs...) where T
    if !isempty(segments.pts)
@@ -184,26 +183,22 @@ end

 mutable struct SegmentsIterator
    args::Tuple
-    n1::Int
-    n2::Int
+    n::Int
 end

 function iter_segments(args...)
    tup = Plots.wraptuple(args)
-    n1 = minimum(map(firstindex, tup))
-    n2 = maximum(map(lastindex, tup))
-    SegmentsIterator(tup, n1, n2)
+    n = maximum(map(length, tup))
+    SegmentsIterator(tup, n)
 end

 function iter_segments(series::Series)
    x, y, z = series[:x], series[:y], series[:z]
-    if x === nothing
-        return UnitRange{Int}[]
-    elseif has_attribute_segments(series)
+    if has_attribute_segments(series)
        if series[:seriestype] in (:scatter, :scatter3d)
-            return [[i] for i in eachindex(y)]
+            return [[i] for i in 1:length(y)]
        else
-            return [i:(i + 1) for i in firstindex(y):lastindex(y)-1]
+            return [i:(i + 1) for i in 1:(length(y) - 1)]
        end
    else
        segs = UnitRange{Int}[]
@@ -217,19 +212,36 @@ end

 # helpers to figure out if there are NaN values in a list of array types
 anynan(i::Int, args::Tuple) = any(a -> try isnan(_cycle(a,i)) catch MethodError false end, args)
-anynan(args::Tuple) = i -> anynan(i,args)
-anynan(istart::Int, iend::Int, args::Tuple) = any(anynan(args), istart:iend)
-allnan(istart::Int, iend::Int, args::Tuple) = all(anynan(args), istart:iend)
+anynan(istart::Int, iend::Int, args::Tuple) = any(i -> anynan(i, args), istart:iend)
+allnan(istart::Int, iend::Int, args::Tuple) = all(i -> anynan(i, args), istart:iend)

-function Base.iterate(itr::SegmentsIterator, nextidx::Int = itr.n1)
-    i = findfirst(!anynan(itr.args), nextidx:itr.n2)
-    i === nothing && return nothing
-    nextval = nextidx + i - 1
+function Base.iterate(itr::SegmentsIterator, nextidx::Int = 1)
+    nextidx > itr.n && return nothing
+    if nextidx == 1 && !any(isempty,itr.args) && anynan(1, itr.args)
+        nextidx = 2
+    end

-    j = findfirst(anynan(itr.args), nextval:itr.n2)
-    nextnan = j === nothing ? itr.n2 + 1 : nextval + j - 1
+    i = istart = iend = nextidx

-    nextval:nextnan-1, nextnan
+    # find the next NaN, and iend is the one before
+    while i <= itr.n + 1
+        if i > itr.n || anynan(i, itr.args)
+            # done... array end or found NaN
+            iend = i-1
+            break
+        end
+        i += 1
+    end
+
+    # find the next non-NaN, and set nextidx
+    while i <= itr.n
+        if !anynan(i, itr.args)
+            break
+        end
+        i += 1
+    end
+
+    istart:iend, i
 end

 # Find minimal type that can contain NaN and x
@@ -261,9 +273,6 @@ _cycle(v, indices::AVec{Int})       = fill(v, length(indices))
 _cycle(grad::ColorGradient, idx::Int) = _cycle(grad.colors, idx)
 _cycle(grad::ColorGradient, indices::AVec{Int}) = _cycle(grad.colors, indices)

-_as_gradient(grad::ColorGradient) = grad
-_as_gradient(c::Colorant) = ColorGradient([c,c])
-
 makevec(v::AVec) = v
 makevec(v::T) where {T} = T[v]

@@ -274,17 +283,18 @@ maketuple(x::Tuple{T,S}) where {T,S} = x
 mapFuncOrFuncs(f::Function, u::AVec)        = map(f, u)
 mapFuncOrFuncs(fs::AVec{F}, u::AVec) where {F<:Function} = [map(f, u) for f in fs]

-for i in 2:4
-  @eval begin
-    unzip(v::Union{AVec{<:Tuple{Vararg{T,$i} where T}},
-                   AVec{<:GeometryTypes.Point{$i}}}) = $(Expr(:tuple, (:([t[$j] for t in v]) for j=1:i)...))
-  end
-end
+unzip(xy::AVec{Tuple{X,Y}}) where {X,Y}              = [t[1] for t in xy], [t[2] for t in xy]
+unzip(xyz::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,Z}}) where {X,Y,Z}         = [t[1] for t in xyz], [t[2] for t in xyz], [t[3] for t in xyz]
+unzip(xyuv::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,U,V}}) where {X,Y,U,V}    = [t[1] for t in xyuv], [t[2] for t in xyuv], [t[3] for t in xyuv], [t[4] for t in xyuv]

-unzip(v::Union{AVec{<:GeometryTypes.Point{N}},
-               AVec{<:Tuple{Vararg{T,N} where T}}}) where N = error("$N-dimensional unzip not implemented.")
-unzip(v::Union{AVec{<:GeometryTypes.Point},
-               AVec{<:Tuple}}) = error("Can't unzip points of different dimensions.")
+unzip(xy::AVec{StaticArrays.SVector{2,T}}) where {T}  = T[t[1] for t in xy], T[t[2] for t in xy]
+unzip(xy::StaticArrays.SVector{2,T}) where {T}        = T[xy[1]], T[xy[2]]
+
+unzip(xyz::AVec{StaticArrays.SVector{3,T}}) where {T} = T[t[1] for t in xyz], T[t[2] for t in xyz], T[t[3] for t in xyz]
+unzip(xyz::StaticArrays.SVector{3,T}) where {T}       = T[xyz[1]], T[xyz[2]], T[xyz[3]]
+
+unzip(xyuv::AVec{StaticArrays.SVector{4,T}}) where {T} = T[t[1] for t in xyuv], T[t[2] for t in xyuv], T[t[3] for t in xyuv], T[t[4] for t in xyuv]
+unzip(xyuv::StaticArrays.SVector{4,T}) where {T}       = T[xyuv[1]], T[xyuv[2]], T[xyuv[3]], T[xyuv[4]]

 # given 2-element lims and a vector of data x, widen lims to account for the extrema of x
 function _expand_limits(lims, x)
@@ -318,13 +328,13 @@ function replaceType(vec, val)
  push!(vec, val)
 end

-function replaceAlias!(plotattributes::AKW, k::Symbol, aliases::Dict{Symbol,Symbol})
+function replaceAlias!(plotattributes::KW, k::Symbol, aliases::Dict{Symbol,Symbol})
  if haskey(aliases, k)
-    plotattributes[aliases[k]] = pop_kw!(plotattributes, k)
+    plotattributes[aliases[k]] = pop!(plotattributes, k)
  end
 end

-function replaceAliases!(plotattributes::AKW, aliases::Dict{Symbol,Symbol})
+function replaceAliases!(plotattributes::KW, aliases::Dict{Symbol,Symbol})
  ks = collect(keys(plotattributes))
  for k in ks
      replaceAlias!(plotattributes, k, aliases)
@@ -346,11 +356,8 @@ const _scale_base = Dict{Symbol, Real}(
    :ln => ℯ,
 )

-function _heatmap_edges(v::AVec, isedges::Bool = false)
+function _heatmap_edges(v::AVec)
  length(v) == 1 && return v[1] .+ [-0.5, 0.5]
-  if isedges return v end
-  # `isedges = true` means that v is a vector which already describes edges
-  # and does not need to be extended.
  vmin, vmax = ignorenan_extrema(v)
  extra_min = (v[2] - v[1]) / 2
  extra_max = (v[end] - v[end - 1]) / 2
@@ -358,40 +365,43 @@ function _heatmap_edges(v::AVec, isedges::Bool = false)
 end

 "create an (n+1) list of the outsides of heatmap rectangles"
-function heatmap_edges(v::AVec, scale::Symbol = :identity, isedges::Bool = false)
+function heatmap_edges(v::AVec, scale::Symbol = :identity)
  f, invf = scalefunc(scale), invscalefunc(scale)
-  map(invf, _heatmap_edges(map(f,v), isedges))
+  map(invf, _heatmap_edges(map(f,v)))
 end

-function heatmap_edges(x::AVec, xscale::Symbol, y::AVec, yscale::Symbol, z_size::Tuple{Int, Int})
-    nx, ny = length(x), length(y)
-    # ismidpoints = z_size == (ny, nx) # This fails some tests, but would actually be
-    # the correct check, since (4, 3) != (3, 4) and a missleading plot is produced.
-    ismidpoints = prod(z_size) == (ny * nx)
-    isedges = z_size == (ny - 1, nx - 1)
-    if !ismidpoints && !isedges
-        error("""Length of x & y does not match the size of z.
-                Must be either `size(z) == (length(y), length(x))` (x & y define midpoints)
-                or `size(z) == (length(y)+1, length(x)+1))` (x & y define edges).""")
-    end
-    x, y = heatmap_edges(x, xscale, isedges),
-           heatmap_edges(y, yscale, isedges)
-    return x, y
+function calc_r_extrema(x, y)
+    xmin, xmax = ignorenan_extrema(x)
+    ymin, ymax = ignorenan_extrema(y)
+    r = 0.5 * NaNMath.min(xmax - xmin, ymax - ymin)
+    ignorenan_extrema(r)
 end

-function is_uniformly_spaced(v; tol=1e-6)
-  dv = diff(v)
-  maximum(dv) - minimum(dv) < tol * mean(abs.(dv))
-end
-
-function convert_to_polar(theta, r, r_extrema = ignorenan_extrema(r))
+function convert_to_polar(x, y, r_extrema = calc_r_extrema(x, y))
    rmin, rmax = r_extrema
+    theta, r = filter_radial_data(x, y, r_extrema)
    r = (r .- rmin) ./ (rmax .- rmin)
    x = r.*cos.(theta)
    y = r.*sin.(theta)
    x, y
 end

+# Filters radial data for points within the axis limits
+function filter_radial_data(theta, r, r_extrema::Tuple{Real, Real})
+    n = max(length(theta), length(r))
+    rmin, rmax = r_extrema
+    x, y = zeros(n), zeros(n)
+    for i in 1:n
+        x[i] = _cycle(theta, i)
+        y[i] = _cycle(r, i)
+    end
+    points = map((a, b) -> (a, b), x, y)
+    filter!(a -> a[2] >= rmin && a[2] <= rmax, points)
+    x = map(a -> a[1], points)
+    y = map(a -> a[2], points)
+    x, y
+end
+
 function fakedata(sz...)
  y = zeros(sz...)
  for r in 2:size(y,1)
@@ -415,13 +425,13 @@ isscalar(::Any)  = false
 is_2tuple(v) = typeof(v) <: Tuple && length(v) == 2


-isvertical(plotattributes::AKW) = get(plotattributes, :orientation, :vertical) in (:vertical, :v, :vert)
+isvertical(plotattributes::KW) = get(plotattributes, :orientation, :vertical) in (:vertical, :v, :vert)
 isvertical(series::Series) = isvertical(series.plotattributes)


 ticksType(ticks::AVec{T}) where {T<:Real}                      = :ticks
 ticksType(ticks::AVec{T}) where {T<:AbstractString}            = :labels
-ticksType(ticks::Tuple{T,S}) where {T<:Union{AVec,Tuple},S<:Union{AVec,Tuple}} = :ticks_and_labels
+ticksType(ticks::Tuple{T,S}) where {T<:AVec,S<:AVec}  = :ticks_and_labels
 ticksType(ticks)                                        = :invalid

 limsType(lims::Tuple{T,S}) where {T<:Real,S<:Real}    = :limits
@@ -499,13 +509,13 @@ function make_fillrange_side(y, rib)
 end

 # turn a ribbon into a fillrange
-function make_fillrange_from_ribbon(kw::AKW)
+function make_fillrange_from_ribbon(kw::KW)
    y, rib = kw[:y], kw[:ribbon]
    rib = wraptuple(rib)
    rib1, rib2 = -first(rib), last(rib)
    # kw[:ribbon] = nothing
    kw[:fillrange] = make_fillrange_side(y, rib1), make_fillrange_side(y, rib2)
-    (get(kw, :fillalpha, nothing) === nothing) && (kw[:fillalpha] = 0.5)
+    (get(kw, :fillalpha, nothing) == nothing) && (kw[:fillalpha] = 0.5)
 end

 #turn tuple of fillranges to one path
@@ -517,7 +527,7 @@ function concatenate_fillrange(x,y::Tuple)
 end

 function get_sp_lims(sp::Subplot, letter::Symbol)
-    axis_limits(sp, letter)
+    axis_limits(sp[Symbol(letter, :axis)])
 end

 """
@@ -550,93 +560,56 @@ zlims(sp_idx::Int = 1) = zlims(current(), sp_idx)


 function get_clims(sp::Subplot)
-    zmin, zmax = Inf, -Inf
-    for series in series_list(sp)
-        if series[:colorbar_entry]
-            zmin, zmax = _update_clims(zmin, zmax, get_clims(series)...)
-        end
-    end
-    clims = sp[:clims]
-    if is_2tuple(clims)
-        isfinite(clims[1]) && (zmin = clims[1])
-        isfinite(clims[2]) && (zmax = clims[2])
-    end
-    return zmin <= zmax ? (zmin, zmax) : (NaN, NaN)
-end
-
-function get_clims(sp::Subplot, series::Series)
-    zmin, zmax = if series[:colorbar_entry]
-        get_clims(sp)
-    else
-        get_clims(series)
-    end
-    clims = sp[:clims]
-    if is_2tuple(clims)
-        isfinite(clims[1]) && (zmin = clims[1])
-        isfinite(clims[2]) && (zmax = clims[2])
-    end
-    return zmin <= zmax ? (zmin, zmax) : (NaN, NaN)
-end
-
-function get_clims(series::Series)
    zmin, zmax = Inf, -Inf
    z_colored_series = (:contour, :contour3d, :heatmap, :histogram2d, :surface)
-    for vals in (series[:seriestype] in z_colored_series ? series[:z] : nothing, series[:line_z], series[:marker_z], series[:fill_z])
-        if (typeof(vals) <: AbstractSurface) && (eltype(vals.surf) <: Union{Missing, Real})
-            zmin, zmax = _update_clims(zmin, zmax, ignorenan_extrema(vals.surf)...)
-        elseif (vals !== nothing) && (eltype(vals) <: Union{Missing, Real})
-            zmin, zmax = _update_clims(zmin, zmax, ignorenan_extrema(vals)...)
+    for series in series_list(sp)
+        for vals in (series[:seriestype] in z_colored_series ? series[:z] : nothing, series[:line_z], series[:marker_z], series[:fill_z])
+            if (typeof(vals) <: AbstractSurface) && (eltype(vals.surf) <: Real)
+                zmin, zmax = _update_clims(zmin, zmax, ignorenan_extrema(vals.surf)...)
+            elseif (vals != nothing) && (eltype(vals) <: Real)
+                zmin, zmax = _update_clims(zmin, zmax, ignorenan_extrema(vals)...)
+            end
        end
    end
-    return zmin <= zmax ? (zmin, zmax) : (NaN, NaN)
+    clims = sp[:clims]
+    if is_2tuple(clims)
+        isfinite(clims[1]) && (zmin = clims[1])
+        isfinite(clims[2]) && (zmax = clims[2])
+    end
+    return zmin < zmax ? (zmin, zmax) : (-0.1, 0.1)
 end

-_update_clims(zmin, zmax, emin, emax) = NaNMath.min(zmin, emin), NaNMath.max(zmax, emax)
+_update_clims(zmin, zmax, emin, emax) = min(zmin, emin), max(zmax, emax)

-@enum ColorbarStyle cbar_gradient cbar_fill cbar_lines
-
-function colorbar_style(series::Series)
-    colorbar_entry = series[:colorbar_entry]
-    if !(colorbar_entry isa Bool)
-        @warn "Non-boolean colorbar_entry ignored."
-        colorbar_entry = true
+function hascolorbar(series::Series)
+    st = series[:seriestype]
+    hascbar = st == :heatmap
+    if st == :contour
+        hascbar = (isscalar(series[:levels]) ? (series[:levels] > 1) : (length(series[:levels]) > 1)) && (length(unique(Array(series[:z]))) > 1)
    end
-
-    if !colorbar_entry
-        nothing
-    elseif isfilledcontour(series)
-        cbar_fill
-    elseif iscontour(series)
-        cbar_lines
-    elseif series[:seriestype] ∈ (:heatmap,:surface) ||
-            any(series[z] !== nothing for z ∈ [:marker_z,:line_z,:fill_z])
-        cbar_gradient
-    else
-        nothing
+    if series[:marker_z] != nothing || series[:line_z] != nothing || series[:fill_z] != nothing
+        hascbar = true
    end
+    # no colorbar if we are creating a surface LightSource
+    if xor(st == :surface, series[:fill_z] != nothing)
+        hascbar = true
+    end
+    return hascbar
 end

-hascolorbar(series::Series) = colorbar_style(series) !== nothing
-hascolorbar(sp::Subplot) = sp[:colorbar] != :none && any(hascolorbar(s) for s in series_list(sp))
-
-iscontour(series::Series) = series[:seriestype] == :contour
-isfilledcontour(series::Series) = iscontour(series) && series[:fillrange] !== nothing
-
-function contour_levels(series::Series, clims)
-    iscontour(series) || error("Not a contour series")
-    zmin, zmax = clims
-    levels = series[:levels]
-    if levels isa Integer
-        levels = range(zmin, stop=zmax, length=levels+2)
-        if !isfilledcontour(series)
-            levels = levels[2:end-1]
+function hascolorbar(sp::Subplot)
+    cbar = sp[:colorbar]
+    hascbar = false
+    if cbar != :none
+        for series in series_list(sp)
+            if hascolorbar(series)
+                hascbar = true
+            end
        end
    end
-    levels
+    hascbar
 end

-
-
 for comp in (:line, :fill, :marker)

    compcolor = string(comp, :color)
@@ -651,7 +624,7 @@ for comp in (:line, :fill, :marker)
        function $get_compcolor(series, cmin::Real, cmax::Real, i::Int = 1)
            c = series[$Symbol($compcolor)]
            z = series[$Symbol($comp_z)]
-            if z === nothing
+            if z == nothing
                isa(c, ColorGradient) ? c : plot_color(_cycle(c, i))
            else
                grad = isa(c, ColorGradient) ? c : cgrad()
@@ -662,7 +635,7 @@ for comp in (:line, :fill, :marker)
        $get_compcolor(series, clims, i::Int = 1) = $get_compcolor(series, clims[1], clims[2], i)

        function $get_compcolor(series, i::Int = 1)
-            if series[$Symbol($comp_z)] === nothing
+            if series[$Symbol($comp_z)] == nothing
                $get_compcolor(series, 0, 1, i)
            else
                $get_compcolor(series, get_clims(series[:subplot]), i)
@@ -673,9 +646,6 @@ for comp in (:line, :fill, :marker)
    end
 end

-single_color(c, v = 0.5) = c
-single_color(grad::ColorGradient, v = 0.5) = grad[v]
-
 function get_linewidth(series, i::Int = 1)
    _cycle(series[:linewidth], i)
 end
@@ -699,11 +669,11 @@ function has_attribute_segments(series::Series)
    for letter in (:x, :y, :z)
        # If we have NaNs in the data they define the segments and
        # SegmentsIterator is used
-        series[letter] !== nothing && NaN in collect(series[letter]) && return false
+        series[letter] != nothing && NaN in collect(series[letter]) && return false
    end
    series[:seriestype] == :shape && return false
    # ... else we check relevant attributes if they have multiple inputs
-    return any((typeof(series[attr]) <: AbstractVector && length(series[attr]) > 1) for attr in [:seriescolor, :seriesalpha, :linecolor, :linealpha, :linewidth, :linestyle, :fillcolor, :fillalpha, :markercolor, :markeralpha, :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha]) || any(typeof(series[attr]) <: AbstractArray for attr in (:line_z, :fill_z, :marker_z))
+    return any((typeof(series[attr]) <: AbstractVector && length(series[attr]) > 1) for attr in [:seriescolor, :seriesalpha, :linecolor, :linealpha, :linewidth, :fillcolor, :fillalpha, :markercolor, :markeralpha, :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha]) || any(typeof(series[attr]) <: AbstractArray{<:Real} for attr in (:line_z, :fill_z, :marker_z))
 end

 # ---------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -826,24 +796,24 @@ function debugplots(on = true)
  _debugMode.on = on
 end

-debugshow(io, x) = show(io, x)
-debugshow(io, x::AbstractArray) = print(io, summary(x))
+debugshow(x) = show(x)
+debugshow(x::AbstractArray) = print(summary(x))

-function dumpdict(io::IO, plotattributes::AKW, prefix = "", alwaysshow = false)
+function dumpdict(plotattributes::KW, prefix = "", alwaysshow = false)
  _debugMode.on || alwaysshow || return
-  println(io)
+  println()
  if prefix != ""
-    println(io, prefix, ":")
+    println(prefix, ":")
  end
  for k in sort(collect(keys(plotattributes)))
    @printf("%14s: ", k)
-    debugshow(io, plotattributes[k])
-    println(io)
+    debugshow(plotattributes[k])
+    println()
  end
-  println(io)
+  println()
 end
-DD(io::IO, plotattributes::AKW, prefix = "") = dumpdict(io, plotattributes, prefix, true)
-DD(plotattributes::AKW, prefix = "") = DD(stdout, plotattributes, prefix)
+DD(plotattributes::KW, prefix = "") = dumpdict(plotattributes, prefix, true)
+

 function dumpcallstack()
  error()  # well... you wanted the stacktrace, didn't you?!?
@@ -1109,15 +1079,6 @@ legendfont(sp::Subplot) = font(
    sp[:legendfontcolor],
 )

-legendtitlefont(sp::Subplot) = font(
-    sp[:legendtitlefontfamily],
-    sp[:legendtitlefontsize],
-    sp[:legendtitlefontvalign],
-    sp[:legendtitlefonthalign],
-    sp[:legendtitlefontrotation],
-    sp[:legendtitlefontcolor],
-)
-
 tickfont(ax::Axis) = font(
    ax[:tickfontfamily],
    ax[:tickfontsize],
@@ -1164,20 +1125,20 @@ function convert_sci_unicode(label::AbstractString)
    label
 end

-function straightline_data(series, expansion_factor = 1)
+function straightline_data(series)
    sp = series[:subplot]
    xl, yl = isvertical(series) ? (xlims(sp), ylims(sp)) : (ylims(sp), xlims(sp))
    x, y = series[:x], series[:y]
    n = length(x)
    if n == 2
-        return straightline_data(xl, yl, x, y, expansion_factor)
+        return straightline_data(xl, yl, x, y)
    else
        k, r = divrem(n, 3)
        if r == 0
            xdata, ydata = fill(NaN, n), fill(NaN, n)
            for i in 1:k
                inds = (3 * i - 2):(3 * i - 1)
-                xdata[inds], ydata[inds] = straightline_data(xl, yl, x[inds], y[inds], expansion_factor)
+                xdata[inds], ydata[inds] = straightline_data(xl, yl, x[inds], y[inds])
            end
            return xdata, ydata
        else
@@ -1186,7 +1147,7 @@ function straightline_data(series, expansion_factor = 1)
    end
 end

-function straightline_data(xl, yl, x, y, expansion_factor = 1)
+function straightline_data(xl, yl, x, y)
    x_vals, y_vals = if y[1] == y[2]
        if x[1] == x[2]
            error("Two identical points cannot be used to describe a straight line.")
@@ -1207,28 +1168,29 @@ function straightline_data(xl, yl, x, y, expansion_factor = 1)
    end
    # expand the data outside the axis limits, by a certain factor too improve
    # plotly(js) and interactive behaviour
-    x_vals = x_vals .+ (x_vals[2] - x_vals[1]) .* expansion_factor .* [-1, 1]
-    y_vals = y_vals .+ (y_vals[2] - y_vals[1]) .* expansion_factor .* [-1, 1]
+    factor = 100
+    x_vals = x_vals .+ (x_vals[2] - x_vals[1]) .* factor .* [-1, 1]
+    y_vals = y_vals .+ (y_vals[2] - y_vals[1]) .* factor .* [-1, 1]
    return x_vals, y_vals
 end

-function shape_data(series, expansion_factor = 1)
+function shape_data(series)
    sp = series[:subplot]
    xl, yl = isvertical(series) ? (xlims(sp), ylims(sp)) : (ylims(sp), xlims(sp))
    x, y = series[:x], series[:y]
    factor = 100
    for i in eachindex(x)
        if x[i] == -Inf
-            x[i] = xl[1] - expansion_factor * (xl[2] - xl[1])
+            x[i] = xl[1] - factor * (xl[2] - xl[1])
        elseif x[i] == Inf
-            x[i] = xl[2] + expansion_factor * (xl[2] - xl[1])
+            x[i] = xl[2] + factor * (xl[2] - xl[1])
        end
    end
    for i in eachindex(y)
        if y[i] == -Inf
-            y[i] = yl[1] - expansion_factor * (yl[2] - yl[1])
+            y[i] = yl[1] - factor * (yl[2] - yl[1])
        elseif y[i] == Inf
-            y[i] = yl[2] + expansion_factor * (yl[2] - yl[1])
+            y[i] = yl[2] + factor * (yl[2] - yl[1])
        end
    end
    return x, y
@@ -1246,8 +1208,8 @@ function _fmt_paragraph(io::IOBuffer,
                        fillwidth=60,
                        leadingspaces=0)

-    kwargs = (fillwidth = fillwidth, leadingspaces = leadingspaces)
-
+    kwargs = (fillwidth = fillwidth, leadingspaces = leadingspaces) 
+    
    m = match(r"(.*?) (.*)",remaining_text)
    if isa(m,Nothing)
        if column_count + length(remaining_text) ≤ fillwidth
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-reference_images
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+StatsPlots
+Images
+ImageMagick
+@osx QuartzImageIO
+FileIO
+GR 0.31.0
+RDatasets
+VisualRegressionTests
+UnicodePlots
+LaTeXStrings
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+using Pkg
+
+# need this to use Conda
+# ENV["PYTHON"] = ""
+
+to_add = [
+    # PackageSpec(url="https://github.com/JuliaStats/KernelDensity.jl.git"),
+    PackageSpec(name="PlotUtils", rev="master"),
+    PackageSpec(name="RecipesBase", rev="master"),
+    # PackageSpec(name="Blink", rev="master"),
+    # PackageSpec(name="Rsvg", rev="master"),
+    # PackageSpec(name="PlotlyJS", rev="master"),
+    # PackageSpec(name="VisualRegressionTests", rev="master"),
+    # PackageSpec("PyPlot"),
+    # PackageSpec("InspectDR"),
+]
+
+if isinteractive()
+    Pkg.develop(PackageSpec(url="https://github.com/JuliaPlots/PlotReferenceImages.jl.git"))
+    append!(to_add, [
+        PackageSpec(name="FileIO"),
+        PackageSpec(name="ImageMagick"),
+        PackageSpec(name="UnicodePlots"),
+        PackageSpec(name="VisualRegressionTests"),
+        PackageSpec(name="Gtk"),
+        # PlotlyJS:
+        # PackageSpec(name="PlotlyJS"),
+        # PackageSpec(name="Blink"),
+        # PackageSpec(name="ORCA"),
+        # PyPlot:
+        # PackageSpec(name="PyPlot"),
+        # PackageSpec(name="PyCall"),
+        # PackageSpec(name="LaTeXStrings"),
+    ])
+else
+    push!(to_add, PackageSpec(
+        name="PlotReferenceImages",
+        url="https://github.com/JuliaPlots/PlotReferenceImages.jl.git",
+        rev = "sd-tomls"
+    ))
+end
+
+Pkg.add(to_add)
+
+Pkg.build("ImageMagick")
+# Pkg.build("GR")
+# Pkg.build("Blink")
+# import Blink
+# Blink.AtomShell.install()
+# Pkg.build("PyPlot")
@@ -1,28 +1,92 @@
+
+using VisualRegressionTests
+# using ExamplePlots
+
+if isinteractive()
+    @eval Main import Gtk
+end
+
+# import DataFrames, RDatasets
+
+# don't let pyplot use a gui... it'll crash
+# note: Agg will set gui -> :none in PyPlot
+# ENV["MPLBACKEND"] = "Agg"
+# try
+#   @eval import PyPlot
+#   @info("Matplotlib version: $(PyPlot.matplotlib[:__version__])")
+# end
+
+
+using Plots
+# using StatsPlots
+import PlotReferenceImages
+using Random
+using Test
+
+default(size=(500,300))
+
+
+# TODO: use julia's Condition type and the wait() and notify() functions to initialize a Window, then wait() on a condition that
+#       is referenced in a button press callback (the button clicked callback will call notify() on that condition)
+
 import Plots._current_plots_version

-function image_comparison_tests(pkg::Symbol, idx::Int; debug = false, popup = !is_ci(), sigma = [1,1], tol = 1e-2)
+
+function image_comparison_tests(pkg::Symbol, idx::Int; debug = false, popup = isinteractive(), sigma = [1,1], tol = 1e-2)
    Plots._debugMode.on = debug
    example = Plots._examples[idx]
-    Plots.theme(:default)
    @info("Testing plot: $pkg:$idx:$(example.header)")
    backend(pkg)
    backend()
-    default(size=(500,300))
+
    # ensure consistent results
    Random.seed!(1234)

+    # reference image directory setup
+    # refdir = joinpath(Pkg.dir("ExamplePlots"), "test", "refimg", string(pkg))
+    refdir = joinpath(dirname(pathof(PlotReferenceImages)), "..", "Plots", string(pkg))
    fn = "ref$idx.png"
-    reffn = reference_file(pkg, idx, _current_plots_version)
-    newfn = joinpath(reference_path(pkg, _current_plots_version), fn)
+
+    # firgure out version info
+    vns = filter(x->x[1] != '.', readdir(refdir))
+    versions = sort(VersionNumber.(vns), rev = true)
+    versions = filter(v -> v <= _current_plots_version, versions)
+    # @show refdir fn versions
+
+    newdir = joinpath(refdir, string(_current_plots_version))
+    newfn = joinpath(newdir, fn)
+
+    # figure out which reference file we should compare to, by finding the highest versioned file
+    reffn = nothing
+    for v in versions
+        tmpfn = joinpath(refdir, string(v), fn)
+        if isfile(tmpfn)
+            reffn = tmpfn
+            break
+        end
+    end
+
+    # now we have the fn (if any)... do the comparison
+    # @show reffn
+    if reffn == nothing
+        reffn = newfn
+    end
+    # @show reffn
+    # return

    # test function
    func = (fn, idx) -> begin
-        expr = Expr(:block)
-        append!(expr.args, example.exprs)
-        eval(expr)
+        map(eval, example.exprs)
        png(fn)
    end

+    # try
+    #     run(`mkdir -p $newdir`)
+    # catch err
+    #     display(err)
+    # end
+    # # reffn = joinpath(refdir, "ref$idx.png")
+
    # the test
    vtest = VisualTest(func, reffn, idx)
    test_images(vtest, popup=popup, sigma=sigma, tol=tol, newfn = newfn)
@@ -36,7 +100,7 @@ function image_comparison_facts(pkg::Symbol;
                                tol = 1e-2)     # acceptable error (percent)
  for i in 1:length(Plots._examples)
    i in skip && continue
-    if only === nothing || i in only
+    if only == nothing || i in only
      @test image_comparison_tests(pkg, i, debug=debug, sigma=sigma, tol=tol) |> success == true
    end
  end
@@ -1,92 +1,103 @@
-import ImageMagick
-using VisualRegressionTests
-using Plots
-using Random
-using Test
-using FileIO
-using Gtk
-using LibGit2
-using GeometryTypes
-using Dates
-
-include("test_pgfplotsx.jl")
-
-reference_dir(args...) = joinpath(homedir(), ".julia", "dev", "PlotReferenceImages", args...)
-
-function reference_file(backend, i, version)
-    refdir = reference_dir("Plots", string(backend))
-    fn = "ref$i.png"
-    versions = sort(VersionNumber.(readdir(refdir)), rev = true)
-
-    reffn = joinpath(refdir, string(version), fn)
-    for v in versions
-        tmpfn = joinpath(refdir, string(v), fn)
-        if isfile(tmpfn)
-            reffn = tmpfn
-            break
-        end
-    end
-
-    return reffn
-end
-
-reference_path(backend, version) = reference_dir("Plots", string(backend), string(version))
-
-if !isdir(reference_dir())
-    mkpath(reference_dir())
-    LibGit2.clone("https://github.com/JuliaPlots/PlotReferenceImages.jl.git", reference_dir())
-end
+module PlotsTests

+include("add_packages.jl")
 include("imgcomp.jl")
+
 # don't actually show the plots
 Random.seed!(1234)
 default(show=false, reuse=true)
-is_ci() = get(ENV, "CI", "false") == "true"
-img_tol = is_ci() ? 10e-2 : 10e-2
+img_tol = isinteractive() ? 1e-2 : 10e-2

-@testset "Backends" begin
+@testset "GR" begin
+    ENV["PLOTS_TEST"] = "true"
+    ENV["GKSwstype"] = "100"
+    @test gr() == Plots.GRBackend()
+    @test backend() == Plots.GRBackend()

-    @testset "GR" begin
-        ENV["PLOTS_TEST"] = "true"
-        ENV["GKSwstype"] = "100"
-        @test gr() == Plots.GRBackend()
-        @test backend() == Plots.GRBackend()
-
-        @static if Sys.islinux()
-            image_comparison_facts(:gr, tol=img_tol, skip = Plots._backend_skips[:gr])
-        end
+    @static if Sys.islinux()
+        image_comparison_facts(:gr, tol=img_tol, skip = [25, 30])
    end
-
-    @testset "UnicodePlots" begin
-        @test unicodeplots() == Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend()
-        @test backend() == Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend()
-
-        # lets just make sure it runs without error
-        p = plot(rand(10))
-        @test isa(p, Plots.Plot) == true
-        @test isa(display(p), Nothing) == true
-        p = bar(randn(10))
-        @test isa(p, Plots.Plot) == true
-        @test isa(display(p), Nothing) == true
-        p = plot([1, 2], [3, 4])
-        annotate!(p, [(1.5, 3.2, Plots.text("Test", :red, :center))])
-        hline!(p, [3.1])
-        @test isa(p, Plots.Plot) == true
-        @test isa(display(p), Nothing) == true
-        p = plot([Dates.Date(2019, 1, 1), Dates.Date(2019, 2, 1)], [3, 4])
-        hline!(p, [3.1])
-        annotate!(p, [(Dates.Date(2019, 1, 15), 3.2, Plots.text("Test", :red, :center))])
-        @test isa(p, Plots.Plot) == true
-        @test isa(display(p), Nothing) == true
-        p = plot([Dates.Date(2019, 1, 1), Dates.Date(2019, 2, 1)], [3, 4])
-        annotate!(p, [(Dates.Date(2019, 1, 15), 3.2, Plots.text("Test", :red, :center))])
-        hline!(p, [3.1])
-        @test isa(p, Plots.Plot) == true
-        @test isa(display(p), Nothing) == true
-    end
-
 end

+# @static if isinteractive()
+#     @testset "PyPlot" begin
+#         @test pyplot() == Plots.PyPlotBackend()
+#         @test backend() == Plots.PyPlotBackend()
+#
+#         image_comparison_facts(:pyplot, tol=img_tol, skip = [2, 25, 30, 31])
+#     end
+# end
+
+@testset "UnicodePlots" begin
+    @test unicodeplots() == Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend()
+    @test backend() == Plots.UnicodePlotsBackend()
+
+    # lets just make sure it runs without error
+    @test isa(plot(rand(10)), Plots.Plot) == true
+end
+
+# The plotlyjs testimages return a connection error on travis:
+# connect: connection refused (ECONNREFUSED)
+
+# @static if isinteractive()
+#     @testset "PlotlyJS" begin
+#         @test plotlyjs() == Plots.PlotlyJSBackend()
+#         @test backend() == Plots.PlotlyJSBackend()
+#
+#         image_comparison_facts(:plotlyjs,
+#             skip=[
+#                 2,  # animation (skipped for speed)
+#                 25,
+#                 27, # (polar plots) takes very long / not working
+#                 30,
+#                 31, # animation (skipped for speed)
+#             ],
+#             tol=img_tol)
+#     end
+# end
+
+# InspectDR returns that error on travis:
+# ERROR: LoadError: InitError: Cannot open display:
+#  in Gtk.GLib.GError(::Gtk.##229#230) at /home/travis/.julia/v0.5/Gtk/src/GLib/gerror.jl:17
+
+# @testset "InspectDR" begin
+#     @test inspectdr() == Plots.InspectDRBackend()
+#     @test backend() == Plots.InspectDRBackend()
+#
+#     image_comparison_facts(:inspectdr,
+#         skip=[
+#             2,  # animation
+#             6,  # heatmap not defined
+#             10, # heatmap not defined
+#             22, # contour not defined
+#             23, # pie not defined
+#             27, # polar plot not working
+#             28, # heatmap not defined
+#             31, # animation
+#         ],
+#         tol=img_tol)
+# end
+
+
+# @testset "Plotly" begin
+#     @test plotly() == Plots.PlotlyBackend()
+#     @test backend() == Plots.PlotlyBackend()
+#
+#     # # until png generation is reliable on OSX, just test on linux
+#     # @static Sys.islinux() && image_comparison_facts(:plotly, only=[1,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,20,22,23,27], tol=img_tol)
+# end
+
+# @testset "PlotlyJS" begin
+#     @test plotlyjs() == Plots.PlotlyJSBackend()
+#     @test backend() == Plots.PlotlyJSBackend()
+#
+#     # as long as we can plot anything without error, it should be the same as Plotly
+#     image_comparison_facts(:plotlyjs, only=[1], tol=img_tol)
+# end
+
+
+
+
@testset "Axes" begin
    p = plot()
    axis = p.subplots[1][:xaxis]
@@ -102,52 +113,46 @@ end
 end

@testset "NoFail" begin
-    plots = [histogram([1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]),
-             plot([missing]),
-             plot([missing; 1:4]),
-             plot([fill(missing,10); 1:4]),
-             plot([1 1; 1 missing]),
-             plot(["a" "b"; missing "d"], [1 2; 3 4])]
-    for plt in plots
-        display(plt)
-    end
-    @test_nowarn plot(x->x^2,0,2)
+    histogram([1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])
 end

-@testset "EmptyAnim" begin
-    anim = @animate for i in []
-    end
+# tests for preprocessing recipes

-    @test_throws ArgumentError gif(anim)
-end
+# @testset "recipes" begin

-@testset "Segments" begin
-    function segments(args...)
-        segs = UnitRange{Int}[]
-        for seg in iter_segments(args...)
-            push!(segs,seg)
-        end
-        segs
-    end
+    # user recipe

-    nan10 = fill(NaN,10)
-    @test segments(11:20) == [1:10]
-    @test segments([NaN]) == []
-    @test segments(nan10) == []
-    @test segments([nan10; 1:5]) == [11:15]
-    @test segments([1:5;nan10]) == [1:5]
-    @test segments([nan10; 1:5; nan10; 1:5; nan10]) == [11:15, 26:30]
-    @test segments([NaN; 1], 1:10) == [2:2, 4:4, 6:6, 8:8, 10:10]
-    @test segments([nan10; 1:15], [1:15; nan10]) == [11:15]
-end
+    # type T end
+    # @recipe function f(::T)
+    #     line := (3,0.3,:red)
+    #     marker := (20,0.5,:blue,:o)
+    #     bg := :yellow
+    #     rand(10)
+    # end
+    # plot(T())

-@testset "Utils" begin
-    zipped = ([(1,2)], [("a","b")], [(1,"a"),(2,"b")],
-              [(1,2),(3,4)], [(1,2,3),(3,4,5)], [(1,2,3,4),(3,4,5,6)],
-              [(1,2.0),(missing,missing)], [(1,missing),(missing,"a")],
-              [(missing,missing)], [(missing,missing,missing),("a","b","c")])
-    for z in zipped
-        @test isequal(collect(zip(Plots.unzip(z)...)), z)
-        @test isequal(collect(zip(Plots.unzip(GeometryTypes.Point.(z))...)), z)
-    end
-end
+    # plot recipe
+
+    # @recipe function f(::Type{Val{:hiplt}},plt::Plot)
+    #     line := (3,0.3,:red)
+    #     marker := (20,0.5,:blue,:o)
+    #     t := :path
+    #     bg:=:green
+    #     ()
+    # end
+    # plot(rand(10),t=:hiplt)
+
+    # series recipe
+
+    # @recipe function f(::Type{Val{:hi}},x,y,z)
+    #     line := (3,0.3,:red)
+    #     marker := (20,0.5,:blue,:o)
+    #     t := :path
+    #     ()
+    # end
+    # plot(rand(10),t=:hiplt)
+
+# end
+
+
+end # module
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import SnoopCompile
+
+### Log the compiles
+# This only needs to be run once (to generate "/tmp/plots_compiles.csv")
+
+# SnoopCompile.@snoop "/tmp/plots_compiles.csv" begin
+#     include(joinpath(dirname(@__FILE__), "runtests.jl"))
+# end
+
+# ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Parse the compiles and generate precompilation scripts
+# This can be run repeatedly to tweak the scripts
+
+# IMPORTANT: we must have the module(s) defined for the parcelation
+# step, otherwise we will get no precompiles for the Plots module
+using Plots
+
+data = SnoopCompile.read("/tmp/plots_compiles.csv")
+
+# The Plots tests are run inside a module PlotsTest, so all
+# the precompiles get credited to PlotsTest. Credit them to Plots instead.
+subst = Dict("PlotsTests"=>"Plots")
+
+# Blacklist helps fix problems:
+# - MIME uses type-parameters with symbols like :image/png, which is
+#   not parseable
+blacklist = ["MIME"]
+
+# Use these two lines if you want to create precompile functions for
+# individual packages
+pc, discards = SnoopCompile.parcel(data[end:-1:1,2], subst=subst, blacklist=blacklist)
+SnoopCompile.write("/tmp/precompile", pc)
+
+pdir = joinpath(dirname(@__FILE__), "..")
+run(`cp /tmp/precompile/precompile_Plots.jl $pdir/src/precompile.jl`)
@@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
-using Plots, Test
-pgfplotsx()
-
-function create_plot( args...; kwargs... )
-    pgfx_plot = plot(args...; kwargs...)
-    return pgfx_plot, repr("application/x-tex", pgfx_plot)
-end
-
-function create_plot!( args...; kwargs... )
-    pgfx_plot = plot!(args...; kwargs...)
-    return pgfx_plot, repr("application/x-tex", pgfx_plot)
-end
-
-@testset "PGFPlotsX" begin
-    pgfx_plot = plot(1:5)
-    Plots._update_plot_object(pgfx_plot)
-    @test pgfx_plot.o.the_plot isa PGFPlotsX.TikzDocument
-    @test pgfx_plot.series_list[1].plotattributes[:quiver] === nothing
-    axis = Plots.pgfx_axes(pgfx_plot.o)[1]
-    @test count( x-> x isa PGFPlotsX.Plot, axis.contents ) == 1
-    @test !haskey(axis.contents[1].options.dict, "fill")
-
-    @testset "3D docs example" begin
-        n = 100
-        ts = range(0, stop=8π, length=n)
-        x = ts .* map(cos, ts)
-        y = (0.1ts) .* map(sin, ts)
-        z = 1:n
-        pl = plot(x, y, z, zcolor=reverse(z), m=(10, 0.8, :blues, Plots.stroke(0)), leg=false, cbar=true, w=5)
-        pgfx_plot = plot!(pl, zeros(n), zeros(n), 1:n, w=10)
-        Plots._update_plot_object(pgfx_plot)
-        if @test_nowarn(haskey(Plots.pgfx_axes(pgfx_plot.o)[1].options.dict, "colorbar") == true)
-            @test Plots.pgfx_axes(pgfx_plot.o)[1]["colorbar"] === nothing
-        end
-     end # testset
-     @testset "Color docs example" begin
-        y = rand(100)
-        plot(0:10:100, rand(11, 4), lab="lines", w=3, palette=:grays, fill=0, α=0.6)
-        pl = scatter!(y, zcolor=abs.(y .- 0.5), m=(:heat, 0.8, Plots.stroke(1, :green)), ms=10 * abs.(y .- 0.5) .+ 4, lab="grad")
-        Plots._update_plot_object(pl)
-        axis = Plots.pgfx_axes(pl.o)[1]
-        @test count( x->x isa PGFPlotsX.LegendEntry, axis.contents ) == 5
-        @test count( x->x isa PGFPlotsX.Plot, axis.contents ) == 108 # each marker is its own plot, fillranges create 2 plot-objects
-        marker = axis.contents[15]
-        @test marker isa PGFPlotsX.Plot
-        @test marker.options["mark"] == "*"
-        @test marker.options["mark options"]["color"] == RGBA{Float64}( colorant"green", 0.8)
-        @test marker.options["mark options"]["line width"] == 1
-     end # testset
-     @testset "Plot in pieces" begin
-        plot(rand(100) / 3, reg=true, fill=(0, :green))
-        scatter!(rand(100), markersize=6, c=:orange)
-     end # testset
-     @testset "Marker types" begin
-        markers = filter((m->begin
-           m in Plots.supported_markers()
-           end), Plots._shape_keys)
-        markers = reshape(markers, 1, length(markers))
-        n = length(markers)
-        x = (range(0, stop=10, length=n + 2))[2:end - 1]
-        y = repeat(reshape(reverse(x), 1, :), n, 1)
-        scatter(x, y, m=(8, :auto), lab=map(string, markers), bg=:linen, xlim=(0, 10), ylim=(0, 10))
-     end # testset
-     @testset "Layout" begin
-        plot(Plots.fakedata(100, 10), layout=4, palette=[:grays :blues :heat :lightrainbow], bg_inside=[:orange :pink :darkblue :black])
-     end # testset
-     @testset "Polar plots" begin
-        Θ = range(0, stop=1.5π, length=100)
-        r = abs.(0.1 * randn(100) + sin.(3Θ))
-        plot(Θ, r, proj=:polar, m=2)
-     end # testset
-     @testset "Drawing shapes" begin
-        verts = [(-1.0, 1.0), (-1.28, 0.6), (-0.2, -1.4), (0.2, -1.4), (1.28, 0.6), (1.0, 1.0), (-1.0, 1.0), (-0.2, -0.6), (0.0, -0.2), (-0.4, 0.6), (1.28, 0.6), (0.2, -1.4), (-0.2, -1.4), (0.6, 0.2), (-0.2, 0.2), (0.0, -0.2), (0.2, 0.2), (-0.2, -0.6)]
-         x = 0.1:0.2:0.9
-         y = 0.7 * rand(5) .+ 0.15
-         plot(x, y, line=(3, :dash, :lightblue), marker=(Shape(verts), 30, RGBA(0, 0, 0, 0.2)), bg=:pink, fg=:darkblue, xlim=(0, 1), ylim=(0, 1), leg=false)
-     end # testset
-     @testset "Histogram 2D" begin
-        histogram2d(randn(10000), randn(10000), nbins=20)
-     end # testset
-     @testset "Heatmap-like" begin
-        xs = [string("x", i) for i = 1:10]
-        ys = [string("y", i) for i = 1:4]
-        z = float((1:4) * reshape(1:10, 1, :))
-        pgfx_plot = heatmap(xs, ys, z, aspect_ratio=1)
-        Plots._update_plot_object(pgfx_plot)
-        if @test_nowarn(haskey(Plots.pgfx_axes(pgfx_plot.o)[1].options.dict, "colorbar") == true)
-           @test Plots.pgfx_axes(pgfx_plot.o)[1]["colorbar"] === nothing
-           @test Plots.pgfx_axes(pgfx_plot.o)[1]["colormap name"] == "plots1"
-        end
-
-        pgfx_plot = wireframe(xs, ys, z, aspect_ratio=1)
-        # TODO: clims are wrong
-     end # testset
-     @testset "Contours" begin
-        x = 1:0.5:20
-        y = 1:0.5:10
-        f(x, y) = begin
-           (3x + y ^ 2) * abs(sin(x) + cos(y))
-        end
-        X = repeat(reshape(x, 1, :), length(y), 1)
-        Y = repeat(y, 1, length(x))
-        Z = map(f, X, Y)
-        p2 = contour(x, y, Z)
-        p1 = contour(x, y, f, fill=true)
-        plot(p1, p2)
-        # TODO: colorbar for filled contours
-     end # testset
-     @testset "Varying colors" begin
-        t = range(0, stop=1, length=100)
-         θ = (6π) .* t
-         x = t .* cos.(θ)
-         y = t .* sin.(θ)
-         p1 = plot(x, y, line_z=t, linewidth=3, legend=false)
-         p2 = scatter(x, y, marker_z=((x, y)->begin
-                             x + y
-                         end), color=:bluesreds, legend=false)
-         plot(p1, p2)
-     end # testset
-     @testset "Framestyles" begin
-        scatter(fill(randn(10), 6), fill(randn(10), 6), framestyle=[:box :semi :origin :zerolines :grid :none], title=[":box" ":semi" ":origin" ":zerolines" ":grid" ":none"], color=permutedims(1:6), layout=6, label="", markerstrokewidth=0, ticks=-2:2)
-        # TODO: support :semi
-     end # testset
-     @testset "Quiver" begin
-        x = -2pi:0.2:2*pi
-        y = sin.(x)
-
-        u = ones(length(x))
-        v = cos.(x)
-        arrow_plot = plot( x, y, quiver = (u, v), arrow = true )
-        # TODO: could adjust limits to fit arrows if too long, but how?
-        # TODO: get latex available on CI
-        # mktempdir() do path
-        #    @test_nowarn savefig(arrow_plot, path*"arrow.pdf")
-        # end
-     end # testset
-     @testset "Annotations" begin
-        y = rand(10)
-        plot(y, annotations=(3, y[3], Plots.text("this is \\#3", :left)), leg=false)
-        annotate!([(5, y[5], Plots.text("this is \\#5", 16, :red, :center)), (10, y[10], Plots.text("this is \\#10", :right, 20, "courier"))])
-        annotation_plot = scatter!(range(2, stop=8, length=6), rand(6), marker=(50, 0.2, :orange), series_annotations=["series", "annotations", "map", "to", "series", Plots.text("data", :green)])
-        # mktempdir() do path
-        #    @test_nowarn savefig(annotation_plot, path*"annotation.pdf")
-        # end
-     end # testset
-     @testset "Ribbon" begin
-        aa = rand(10)
-        bb = rand(10)
-        cc = rand(10)
-        conf = [aa-cc bb-cc]
-        ribbon_plot = plot(collect(1:10),fill(1,10), ribbon=(conf[:,1],conf[:,2]))
-        Plots._update_plot_object(ribbon_plot)
-        axis = Plots.pgfx_axes(ribbon_plot.o)[1]
-        plots = filter(x->x isa PGFPlotsX.Plot, axis.contents)
-        @test length(plots) == 4
-        @test !haskey(plots[1].options.dict, "fill")
-        @test !haskey(plots[2].options.dict, "fill")
-        @test !haskey(plots[3].options.dict, "fill")
-        @test haskey(plots[4].options.dict, "fill")
-        @test ribbon_plot.o !== nothing
-        @test ribbon_plot.o.the_plot !== nothing
-     #    mktempdir() do path
-     #       @test_nowarn savefig(ribbon_plot, path*"ribbon.svg")
-     #    end
-     end # testset
-  end # testset
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
SimonDanisch	5b6d7d10d4	use correct revision	2019-01-31 18:50:20 +01:00
SimonDanisch	71cf37cc16	use name	2019-01-31 18:27:54 +01:00