Merge pull request #2090 from daschw/areaplot

add areaplot recipe (close #1423)

Project.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name = "Plots"
 uuid = "91a5bcdd-55d7-5caf-9e0b-520d859cae80"
 author = ["Tom Breloff (@tbreloff)"]
-version = "0.25.2"
+version = "0.25.3"
 
 [deps]
 Base64 = "2a0f44e3-6c83-55bd-87e4-b1978d98bd5f"

src/backends/gr.jl

@@ -1280,10 +1280,10 @@ function gr_display(sp::Subplot{GRBackend}, w, h, viewport_canvas)
                     for (i, rng) in enumerate(segments)
                         lc = get_linecolor(series, clims, i)
                         gr_set_line(get_linewidth(series, i), get_linestyle(series, i), lc) #, series[:linealpha])
-                        gr_set_transparency(lc, get_linealpha(series, i))
                         arrowside = isa(series[:arrow], Arrow) ? series[:arrow].side : :none
                         arrowstyle = isa(series[:arrow], Arrow) ? series[:arrow].style : :simple
                         gr_set_fillcolor(lc)
+                        gr_set_transparency(lc, get_linealpha(series, i))
                         gr_polyline(x[rng], y[rng]; arrowside = arrowside, arrowstyle = arrowstyle)
                     end
                 end

src/recipes.jl

@@ -538,13 +538,15 @@ function _stepbins_path(edge, weights, baseline::Real, xscale::Symbol, yscale::S
         w, it_state_w = it_tuple_w
 
         if (log_scale_x && a ≈ 0)
-            a = b/_logScaleBases[xscale]^3
+            a = oftype(a, b/_logScaleBases[xscale]^3)
         end
 
         if isnan(w)
             if !isnan(last_w)
                 push!(x, a)
                 push!(y, baseline)
+                push!(x, NaN)
+                push!(y, NaN)
             end
         else
             if isnan(last_w)
@@ -557,8 +559,8 @@ function _stepbins_path(edge, weights, baseline::Real, xscale::Symbol, yscale::S
             push!(y, w)
         end
 
-        a = b
-        last_w = w
+        a = oftype(a, b)
+        last_w = oftype(last_w, w)
 
         it_tuple_e = iterate(edge, it_state_e)
         it_tuple_w = iterate(weights, it_state_w)
@@ -1181,3 +1183,27 @@ end
         @series Plots.isvertical(plotattributes) ? (sx, sy) : (sy, sx)
     end
 end
+
+"""
+    areaplot([x,] y)
+    areaplot!([x,] y)
+
+Draw a stacked area plot of the matrix y.
+# Examples
+```julia-repl
+julia> areaplot(1:3, [1 2 3; 7 8 9; 4 5 6], seriescolor = [:red :green :blue], fillalpha = [0.2 0.3 0.4])
+```
+"""
+@userplot AreaPlot
+
+@recipe function f(a::AreaPlot)
+    data = cumsum(a.args[end], dims=2)
+    x = length(a.args) == 1 ? (1:size(data, 1)) : a.args[1]
+    seriestype := :line
+    for i in 1:size(data, 2)
+        @series begin
+            fillrange := i > 1 ? data[:,i-1] : 0
+            x, data[:,i]
+        end
+    end
+end

src/series.jl

@@ -553,33 +553,14 @@ end
 # # Lists of tuples and GeometryTypes.Points
 # # --------------------------------------------------------------------
 #
-# # if we get an unhandled tuple, just splat it in
-@recipe f(tup::Tuple) = tup
 
-#
-# # (x,y) tuples
-@recipe f(xy::AVec{Tuple{R1,R2}}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number} = unzip(xy)
-@recipe f(xy::Tuple{R1,R2}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number}       = [xy[1]], [xy[2]]
+@recipe f(v::AVec{<:Tuple})               = unzip(v)
+@recipe f(v::AVec{<:GeometryTypes.Point}) = unzip(v)
+@recipe f(tup::Tuple)             = [tup]
+@recipe f(p::GeometryTypes.Point) = [p]
 
-#
-# # (x,y,z) tuples
-@recipe f(xyz::AVec{Tuple{R1,R2,R3}}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number,R3<:Number} = unzip(xyz)
-@recipe f(xyz::Tuple{R1,R2,R3}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number,R3<:Number}       = [xyz[1]], [xyz[2]], [xyz[3]]
-
-# these might be points+velocity, or OHLC or something else
-@recipe f(xyuv::AVec{Tuple{R1,R2,R3,R4}}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number,R3<:Number,R4<:Number} = get(plotattributes,:seriestype,:path)==:ohlc ? OHLC[OHLC(t...) for t in xyuv] : unzip(xyuv)
-@recipe f(xyuv::Tuple{R1,R2,R3,R4}) where {R1<:Number,R2<:Number,R3<:Number,R4<:Number}       = [xyuv[1]], [xyuv[2]], [xyuv[3]], [xyuv[4]]
-
-
-#
-# # 2D Points
-@recipe f(xy::AVec{GeometryTypes.Point{2,T}}) where {T<:Number} = unzip(xy)
-@recipe f(xy::GeometryTypes.Point{2,T}) where {T<:Number}       = [xy[1]], [xy[2]]
-
-#
-# # 3D Points
-@recipe f(xyz::AVec{GeometryTypes.Point{3,T}}) where {T<:Number} = unzip(xyz)
-@recipe f(xyz::GeometryTypes.Point{3,T}) where {T<:Number}       = [xyz[1]], [xyz[2]], [xyz[3]]
+# Special case for 4-tuples in :ohlc series
+@recipe f(xyuv::AVec{<:Tuple{R1,R2,R3,R4}}) where {R1,R2,R3,R4} = get(plotattributes,:seriestype,:path)==:ohlc ? OHLC[OHLC(t...) for t in xyuv] : unzip(xyuv)
 
 #
 # # --------------------------------------------------------------------

src/shorthands.jl

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
     scatter(x,y)
     scatter!(x,y)
 
-Make a scatter plot of y vs x. 
+Make a scatter plot of y vs x.
 
 # Examples
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> scatter([1,2,3],[4,5,6],markersize=[3,4,5],markercolor=[:red,:green,:blue])
 julia> scatter([(1,4),(2,5),(3,6)])
 ```
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ julia> scatter([(1,4),(2,5),(3,6)])
     bar(x,y)
     bar!(x,y)
 
-Make a bar plot of y vs x. 
+Make a bar plot of y vs x.
 
-# Arguments 
+# Arguments
 
 - $(_document_argument("bar_position"))
 - $(_document_argument("bar_width"))
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Make a bar plot of y vs x.
 - $(_document_argument("orientation"))
 
 # Examples
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> bar([1,2,3],[4,5,6],fillcolor=[:red,:green,:blue],fillalpha=[0.2,0.4,0.6])
 julia> bar([(1,4),(2,5),(3,6)])
 ```
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ julia> bar([(1,4),(2,5),(3,6)])
 
 Plot a histogram.
 
-# Arguments 
+# Arguments
 
 - `x`: AbstractVector of values to be binned
 - $(_document_argument("bins"))
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Plot a histogram.
 - $(_document_argument("orientation"))
 
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> histogram([1,2,1,1,4,3,8],bins=0:8)
 ```
 """
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ julia> histogram([1,2,1,1,4,3,8],bins=0:8)
     barhist(x)
     barhist!(x)
 
-Make a histogram bar plot. See `histogram`. 
+Make a histogram bar plot. See `histogram`.
 """
 @shorthands barhist
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ Make a histogram bar plot. See `histogram`.
     stephist(x)
 
 Make a histogram step plot (bin counts are represented using horizontal lines
-instead of bars). See `histogram`. 
+instead of bars). See `histogram`.
 """
 @shorthands stephist
 
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ instead of bars). See `histogram`.
     scatterhist(x)
     scatterhist!(x)
 
-Make a histogram scatter plot (bin counts are represented using points 
-instead of bars). See `histogram`. 
+Make a histogram scatter plot (bin counts are represented using points
+instead of bars). See `histogram`.
 """
 @shorthands scatterhist
 
@@ -91,14 +91,14 @@ instead of bars). See `histogram`.
 
 Plot a two-dimensional histogram.
 
-# Arguments 
+# Arguments
 
-- `bins`: Number of bins (if an `Integer`) or bin edges (if an `AbtractVector`) 
-- `weights`: Vector of weights for the values in `x`. Each entry of x contributes 
-             its weight to the height of its bin. 
+- `bins`: Number of bins (if an `Integer`) or bin edges (if an `AbtractVector`)
+- `weights`: Vector of weights for the values in `x`. Each entry of x contributes
+             its weight to the height of its bin.
 
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> histogram2d(randn(10_000),randn(10_000))
 ```
 """
@@ -108,14 +108,14 @@ julia> histogram2d(randn(10_000),randn(10_000))
     density(x)
     density!(x)
 
-Make a line plot of a kernel density estimate of x. 
+Make a line plot of a kernel density estimate of x.
 
 # Arguments
 
-- `x`: AbstractVector of samples for probability density estimation 
+- `x`: AbstractVector of samples for probability density estimation
 
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> using StatsPlots
 julia> density(randn(100_000))
 ```
@@ -126,10 +126,10 @@ julia> density(randn(100_000))
     heatmap(x,y,z)
     heatmap!(x,y,z)
 
-Plot a heatmap of the rectangular array `z`. 
+Plot a heatmap of the rectangular array `z`.
 
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> heatmap(randn(10,10))
 ```
 """
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ julia> heatmap(randn(10,10))
     hexbin(x,y)
     hexbin!(x,y)
 
-Make a hexagonal binning plot (a histogram of the observations `(x[i],y[i])` 
+Make a hexagonal binning plot (a histogram of the observations `(x[i],y[i])`
 with hexagonal bins)
 
 # Example
@@ -154,11 +154,11 @@ julia> hexbin(randn(10_000), randn(10_000))
     sticks(x,y)
     sticks!(x,y)
 
-Draw a stick plot of y vs x. 
+Draw a stick plot of y vs x.
 
 # Example
 ```julia-repl
-julia> sticks(1:10) 
+julia> sticks(1:10)
 ```
 """
 @shorthands sticks
@@ -167,11 +167,11 @@ julia> sticks(1:10)
     hline(y)
     hline!(y)
 
-Draw horizontal lines at positions specified by the values in 
+Draw horizontal lines at positions specified by the values in
 the AbstractVector `y`
 
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> hline([-1,0,2])
 ```
 """
@@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ julia> hline([-1,0,2])
     vline(x)
     vline!(x)
 
-Draw vertical lines at positions specified by the values in 
+Draw vertical lines at positions specified by the values in
 the AbstractVector `x`
 
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> vline([-1,0,2])
 ```
 """
@@ -194,13 +194,13 @@ julia> vline([-1,0,2])
 """
     hspan(y)
 
-Draw a rectangle between the horizontal line at position `y[1]` 
-and the horizontal line at position `y[2]`. If `length(y) ≥ 4`, 
-then further rectangles are drawn between `y[3]` and `y[4]`, 
-`y[5]` and `y[6]`, and so on. If `length(y)` is odd, then the 
-last entry of `y` is ignored. 
+Draw a rectangle between the horizontal line at position `y[1]`
+and the horizontal line at position `y[2]`. If `length(y) ≥ 4`,
+then further rectangles are drawn between `y[3]` and `y[4]`,
+`y[5]` and `y[6]`, and so on. If `length(y)` is odd, then the
+last entry of `y` is ignored.
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> hspan(1:6)
 ```
 """
@@ -209,13 +209,13 @@ julia> hspan(1:6)
 """
     vspan(x)
 
-Draw a rectangle between the vertical line at position `x[1]` 
-and the vertical line at position `x[2]`. If `length(x) ≥ 4`, 
-then further rectangles are drawn between `x[3]` and `x[4]`, 
-`x[5]` and `x[6]`, and so on. If `length(x)` is odd, then the 
-last entry of `x` is ignored. 
+Draw a rectangle between the vertical line at position `x[1]`
+and the vertical line at position `x[2]`. If `length(x) ≥ 4`,
+then further rectangles are drawn between `x[3]` and `x[4]`,
+`x[5]` and `x[6]`, and so on. If `length(x)` is odd, then the
+last entry of `x` is ignored.
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> vspan(1:6)
 ```
 """
@@ -225,9 +225,9 @@ julia> vspan(1:6)
     ohlc(x,y::Vector{OHLC})
     ohlc!(x,y::Vector{OHLC})
 
-Make open-high-low-close plot. Each entry of y is represented by a vertical 
-segment extending from the low value to the high value, with short horizontal 
-segments on the left and right indicating the open and close values, respectively. 
+Make open-high-low-close plot. Each entry of y is represented by a vertical
+segment extending from the low value to the high value, with short horizontal
+segments on the left and right indicating the open and close values, respectively.
 
 # Example
 ```julia-repl
@@ -240,16 +240,16 @@ julia> ohlc(y)
 
 
 """
-    contour(x,y,z) 
-    contour!(x,y,z) 
+    contour(x,y,z)
+    contour!(x,y,z)
 
-Draw contour lines of the `Surface` z. 
+Draw contour lines of the `Surface` z.
 
 # Arguments
 - `levels`: Contour levels (if `AbstractVector`) or number of levels (if `Integer`)
 - `fill`: Bool. Fill area between contours or draw contours only (false by default)
 
-# Example 
+# Example
 ```julia-repl
 julia> x = y = range(-20, 20, length = 100)
 julia> contour(x, y, (x, y) -> x^2 + y^2)
@@ -267,10 +267,10 @@ julia> contour(x, y, (x, y) -> x^2 + y^2)
     surface(x,y,z)
     surface!(x,y,z)
 
-Draw a 3D surface plot. 
+Draw a 3D surface plot.
 
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> x = y = range(-3, 3, length = 100)
 julia> surface(x, y, (x, y) -> sinc(norm([x, y])))
 ```
@@ -281,10 +281,10 @@ julia> surface(x, y, (x, y) -> sinc(norm([x, y])))
     wireframe(x,y,z)
     wireframe!(x,y,z)
 
-Draw a 3D wireframe plot. 
+Draw a 3D wireframe plot.
 
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> wireframe(1:10,1:10,randn(10,10))
 ```
 """
@@ -295,10 +295,10 @@ julia> wireframe(1:10,1:10,randn(10,10))
     path3d!(x,y,z)
 
 Plot a 3D path from `(x[1],y[1],z[1])` to `(x[2],y[2],z[2])`,
-..., to `(x[end],y[end],z[end])`. 
+..., to `(x[end],y[end],z[end])`.
 
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> path3d([0,1,2,3],[0,1,4,9],[0,1,8,27])
 ```
 """
@@ -308,10 +308,10 @@ julia> path3d([0,1,2,3],[0,1,4,9],[0,1,8,27])
     scatter3d(x,y,z)
     scatter3d!(x,y,z)
 
-Make a 3D scatter plot. 
+Make a 3D scatter plot.
 
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> scatter3d([0,1,2,3],[0,1,4,9],[0,1,8,27])
 ```
 """
@@ -321,17 +321,17 @@ julia> scatter3d([0,1,2,3],[0,1,4,9],[0,1,8,27])
     boxplot(x, y)
     boxplot!(x, y)
 
-Make a box and whisker plot. 
+Make a box and whisker plot.
 
 # Keyword arguments
 - `notch`: Bool. Notch the box plot? (false)
 - `range`: Real. Values more than range*IQR below the first quartile
-           or above the third quartile are shown as outliers (1.5) 
-- `outliers`: Bool. Show outliers? (true) 
-- `whisker_width`: Real or Symbol. Length of whiskers (:match) 
+           or above the third quartile are shown as outliers (1.5)
+- `outliers`: Bool. Show outliers? (true)
+- `whisker_width`: Real or Symbol. Length of whiskers (:match)
 
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> using StatsPlots
 julia> boxplot(repeat([1,2,3],outer=100),randn(300))
 ```
@@ -342,10 +342,10 @@ julia> boxplot(repeat([1,2,3],outer=100),randn(300))
     violin(x,y,z)
     violin!(x,y,z)
 
-Make a violin plot. 
+Make a violin plot.
 
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> violin(repeat([1,2,3],outer=100),randn(300))
 ```
 """
@@ -355,11 +355,11 @@ julia> violin(repeat([1,2,3],outer=100),randn(300))
     quiver(x,y,quiver=(u,v))
     quiver!(x,y,quiver=(u,v))
 
-Make a quiver (vector field) plot. The `i`th vector extends 
-from `(x[i],y[i])` to `(x[i] + u[i], y[i] + v[i])`. 
+Make a quiver (vector field) plot. The `i`th vector extends
+from `(x[i],y[i])` to `(x[i] + u[i], y[i] + v[i])`.
 
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> quiver([1,2,3],[3,2,1],quiver=([1,1,1],[1,2,3]))
 ```
 """
@@ -369,11 +369,11 @@ julia> quiver([1,2,3],[3,2,1],quiver=([1,1,1],[1,2,3]))
     curves(x,y)
     curves!(x,y)
 
-Draw a Bezier curve from `(x[1],y[1])` to `(x[end],y[end])` 
+Draw a Bezier curve from `(x[1],y[1])` to `(x[end],y[end])`
 with control points `(x[2],y[2]), ..., (x[end-1],y[end]-1)`
 
 # Example
-```julia-repl 
+```julia-repl
 julia> curves([1,2,3,4],[1,1,2,4])
 ```
 """
@@ -424,9 +424,9 @@ ticks::AVec{T}, labels::AVec{S}; kw...) where {T<:Real,S<:AbstractString}     =
 """
     annotate!(anns...)
 
-Add annotations to an existing plot. 
+Add annotations to an existing plot.
 
-# Arguments 
+# Arguments
 
 - `anns`: An `AbstractVector` of tuples of the form (x,y,text). The text object
           can be an String or PlotText

src/utils.jl

@@ -271,18 +271,17 @@ maketuple(x::Tuple{T,S}) where {T,S} = x
 mapFuncOrFuncs(f::Function, u::AVec)        = map(f, u)
 mapFuncOrFuncs(fs::AVec{F}, u::AVec) where {F<:Function} = [map(f, u) for f in fs]
 
-unzip(xy::AVec{Tuple{X,Y}}) where {X,Y}              = [t[1] for t in xy], [t[2] for t in xy]
-unzip(xyz::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,Z}}) where {X,Y,Z}         = [t[1] for t in xyz], [t[2] for t in xyz], [t[3] for t in xyz]
-unzip(xyuv::AVec{Tuple{X,Y,U,V}}) where {X,Y,U,V}    = [t[1] for t in xyuv], [t[2] for t in xyuv], [t[3] for t in xyuv], [t[4] for t in xyuv]
+for i in 2:4
+  @eval begin
+    unzip(v::Union{AVec{<:Tuple{Vararg{T,$i} where T}},
+                   AVec{<:GeometryTypes.Point{$i}}}) = $(Expr(:tuple, (:([t[$j] for t in v]) for j=1:i)...))
+  end
+end
 
-unzip(xy::AVec{GeometryTypes.Point{2,T}}) where {T}  = T[t[1] for t in xy], T[t[2] for t in xy]
-unzip(xy::GeometryTypes.Point{2,T}) where {T}        = T[xy[1]], T[xy[2]]
-
-unzip(xyz::AVec{GeometryTypes.Point{3,T}}) where {T} = T[t[1] for t in xyz], T[t[2] for t in xyz], T[t[3] for t in xyz]
-unzip(xyz::GeometryTypes.Point{3,T}) where {T}       = T[xyz[1]], T[xyz[2]], T[xyz[3]]
-
-unzip(xyuv::AVec{GeometryTypes.Point{4,T}}) where {T} = T[t[1] for t in xyuv], T[t[2] for t in xyuv], T[t[3] for t in xyuv], T[t[4] for t in xyuv]
-unzip(xyuv::GeometryTypes.Point{4,T}) where {T}       = T[xyuv[1]], T[xyuv[2]], T[xyuv[3]], T[xyuv[4]]
+unzip(v::Union{AVec{<:GeometryTypes.Point{N}},
+               AVec{<:Tuple{Vararg{T,N} where T}}}) where N = error("$N-dimensional unzip not implemented.")
+unzip(v::Union{AVec{<:GeometryTypes.Point},
+               AVec{<:Tuple}}) = error("Can't unzip points of different dimensions.")
 
 # given 2-element lims and a vector of data x, widen lims to account for the extrema of x
 function _expand_limits(lims, x)
@@ -528,9 +527,9 @@ function get_clims(sp::Subplot)
     z_colored_series = (:contour, :contour3d, :heatmap, :histogram2d, :surface)
     for series in series_list(sp)
         for vals in (series[:seriestype] in z_colored_series ? series[:z] : nothing, series[:line_z], series[:marker_z], series[:fill_z])
-            if (typeof(vals) <: AbstractSurface) && (eltype(vals.surf) <: Real)
+            if (typeof(vals) <: AbstractSurface) && (eltype(vals.surf) <: Union{Missing, Real})
                 zmin, zmax = _update_clims(zmin, zmax, ignorenan_extrema(vals.surf)...)
-            elseif (vals != nothing) && (eltype(vals) <: Real)
+            elseif (vals != nothing) && (eltype(vals) <: Union{Missing, Real})
                 zmin, zmax = _update_clims(zmin, zmax, ignorenan_extrema(vals)...)
             end
         end
@@ -655,7 +654,7 @@ function has_attribute_segments(series::Series)
     end
     series[:seriestype] == :shape && return false
     # ... else we check relevant attributes if they have multiple inputs
-    return any((typeof(series[attr]) <: AbstractVector && length(series[attr]) > 1) for attr in [:seriescolor, :seriesalpha, :linecolor, :linealpha, :linewidth, :fillcolor, :fillalpha, :markercolor, :markeralpha, :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha]) || any(typeof(series[attr]) <: AbstractArray{<:Real} for attr in (:line_z, :fill_z, :marker_z))
+    return any((typeof(series[attr]) <: AbstractVector && length(series[attr]) > 1) for attr in [:seriescolor, :seriesalpha, :linecolor, :linealpha, :linewidth, :fillcolor, :fillalpha, :markercolor, :markeralpha, :markerstrokecolor, :markerstrokealpha]) || any(typeof(series[attr]) <: AbstractArray for attr in (:line_z, :fill_z, :marker_z))
 end
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------

test/runtests.jl

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using Random
 using BinaryProvider
 using Test
 using FileIO
+using GeometryTypes
 
 include("imgcomp.jl")
 # don't actually show the plots
@@ -81,3 +82,14 @@ end
     @test segments([NaN; 1], 1:10) == [2:2, 4:4, 6:6, 8:8, 10:10]
     @test segments([nan10; 1:15], [1:15; nan10]) == [11:15]
 end
+
+@testset "Utils" begin
+    zipped = ([(1,2)], [("a","b")], [(1,"a"),(2,"b")],
+              [(1,2),(3,4)], [(1,2,3),(3,4,5)], [(1,2,3,4),(3,4,5,6)],
+              [(1,2.0),(missing,missing)], [(1,missing),(missing,"a")],
+              [(missing,missing)], [(missing,missing,missing),("a","b","c")])
+    for z in zipped
+        @test isequal(collect(zip(Plots.unzip(z)...)), z)
+        @test isequal(collect(zip(Plots.unzip(Point.(z))...)), z)
+    end
+end